Sharhin YBOP: Nazarin da ya binciki matan Poland 674 da ke neman magani don Halin Jima'i na Tilas.
Masu Hasashen Halin Jima'i Na Tilastawa Daga Cikin Mata Masu Neman Magani
Abstract
Tarihi
Ciwon Halayyar Jima'i na Tilas a halin yanzu an haɗa shi a cikin bita na goma sha ɗaya mai zuwa na Kayan Kayan Ƙasa na Duniya (ICD-11); duk da haka, an gudanar da binciken da aka yi a baya akan jinsin maza, fararen fata / Turai.
manufar
Don bincika halayen halayen jima'i na tilastawa (CSB) tare da halayen zamantakewa da tarihin jima'i, da kuma masu tsinkaya na CSB a cikin samfurin matan Poland masu neman magani.
Hanyar
Dari shida da saba'in da hudu (674) matan Poland masu shekaru 18-66 sun kammala wani bincike na kan layi.
sakamakon
Yaren mutanen Poland karbuwa na Yin jima'i da jima'i Gwajin dubawa-Bita (SAST-PL) an yi amfani dashi don tantance tsananin alamun CSB. Allon Batsa Batsa an yi amfani da shi don auna amfani da batsa mai matsala. An kuma bincika ƙungiyoyin bivariate tsakanin maki SAST-PL da tarihin alƙaluma da tarihin jima'i. A nazarin koma baya na layi an yi don gano masu canji masu alaƙa da tsananin alamun CSB.
results
Kashi talatin da daya (31.8%) na mata a cikin samfurin da aka yi nazari sun ba da rahoton neman magani ga CSB a baya. Amfani da batsa mai matsala shine mafi ƙarfin tsinkaya na alamun CSB. An lura da tsananin alamun alamun CSB a tsakanin waɗanda aka sake su/masu aure da kuma mata marasa aure idan aka kwatanta da waɗanda suka yi aure ko kuma cikin alaƙa na yau da kullun. Tsananin CSB yana da alaƙa da alaƙa da adadin abokan jima'i a cikin shekarar da ta gabata, adadin jima'i na dyadic a cikin kwanakin 7 na ƙarshe, kuma mummunan alaƙa da shekarun jima'i na farko.
Harkokin Clinical
Sakamakonmu yana nuna cewa CSB yana da matukar damuwa a tsakanin mata kuma ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike don gano kariya (misali, matsayi na dangantaka) da haɗari (misali, amfani da batsa mai matsala, adadin abokan jima'i na shekara da ta gabata, yawan jima'i na makon da ya gabata) abubuwan da ke hade da su. Babban alamar CSB tsakanin mata masu neman magani.
Arfi da iyakancewa
Nazarinmu ɗaya ne daga cikin ƴan ƙalilan masu hasashen CSB tsakanin mata. Idan aka yi la’akari da rashin ƙayyadaddun ƙididdiga na yaɗuwar, da kuma rashin ingantattun kayan aikin tunani da ke auna CSB a cikin mata, bai kamata a yi la’akari da binciken na yanzu yana nuni da yawan CSB tsakanin matan Poland ba.
Kammalawa
Rashin bayanan asibiti game da rahoton mata masu ba da rahoto tare da CSB ya kasance muhimmiyar manufa don binciken bincike na asibiti na gaba.
Kowalewska E, Gola M, Lew-Starowicz M, et al. Masu Hasashen Halin Jima'i Na Tilastawa Daga Cikin Mata Masu Neman Magani. Jima'i Med 2022;XX:XXXXXX.
Kalmomin Magana
Gabatarwa
Kwanan nan, masana kimiyya da likitoci sun nuna damuwa game da rashin wakilcin jinsi a cikin nazarin nazarin ilimin ilimin ilimin halayyar jima'i.1 A cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata, ɗimbin wallafe-wallafen sun samo asali ne don ba da shawarar hanyoyin ka'idoji kamar halayen jima'i na tilastawa,2, 3, 4, 5 hypersexuality,6, 7, 8 rashin kulawa da halayen jima'i,9 jima'i jima'i ko dogaro da jima'i,10, 11, 12 da jima'i impulsivity.13, 14, 15 A cikin ɗaruruwan binciken da aka buga a cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata suna nazarin halayen jima'i masu matsala a cikin al'ummomi daban-daban, yawancin samfuran da aka ɗauka sun ƙunshi galibin Farin / Bature, mazan maza.1
A cikin 2019, Ciwon Halayyar Jima'i na Tilas (CSBD) an haɗa shi bisa hukuma a cikin bugu na 11 mai zuwa na Kayan Kayan Ƙasa na Duniya (ICD-11; 6C72), kuma bisa ga Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya16 ma'anar yana da ma'anar dagewar tsarin gazawa don sarrafa matsananciyar sha'awa, sha'awar jima'i ko buri, yana haifar da maimaita halayen jima'i na tsawon lokaci (misali, watanni 6 ko sama da haka) wanda ke haifar da tsangwama ko rauni a cikin sirri, dangi, zamantakewa, ilimi, na sana'a, ko wasu muhimman wuraren aiki.17 Shawarar da WHO ta yanke babu shakka babban mataki ne na fahimtar CSBD a matsayin cuta dabam,1 ko da yake tambayoyi sun kasance game da rarrabuwa na CSBD a matsayin rashin kulawar motsa jiki da aka ba da bayanan farko da ke nuna kamanceceniya na hanyoyin neuronal na CSBD zuwa sauran jaraba,3,5,18 abubuwan da aka ba da shawarar,17,19,20 da yuwuwar hanyoyin warkewa.21, 22, 23, 24
Yayin nazarin sakamakon binciken kimiyya zuwa yau, Kowalewska da abokan aiki25 ya lura cewa yawancin binciken (sama da 99%) na nazarin CSBD a cikin asibiti da kuma al'umma sun ƙunshi maza masu jima'i. Bayan nazarin binciken 58 wanda ya ƙunshi mata, sakamakon ya nuna cewa tsananin halayen jima'i (CSB) ya fi ƙanƙanta a cikin mata dangane da maza. Bugu da ƙari, mata sun ba da rahoton cin batsa ƙasa da sau da yawa fiye da maza kuma suna nuna ƙarancin jin daɗin waɗannan kayan. Alamun CSB (ciki har da amfani da batsa mai matsala) an kuma gano suna da alaƙa da alaƙa psychopathy, rashin jin daɗi, neman jin daɗi, rashin hankali-rashin hankali / rashin ƙarfi rashin ƙarfi alamun cuta, cuta mai ruɗawa, pathological sayen, lalata jima'i, general psychopathology, cin zarafin yara, yayin da mummunan dangantaka da dispositional hankali.25
Idan aka ba da gibin jinsin da ke wanzuwa wajen fahimtar ilimin ilimin halayen halayen jima'i masu matsala (ciki har da CSBD) a cikin mata, binciken na yanzu yana neman magance waɗannan batutuwa ta hanyar nazarin abubuwan da suka dace na CSB tare da halayen zamantakewa da tarihin jima'i a cikin samfurin Polish na neman magani. mata. Musamman, saboda mun yi amfani da tambayoyin rahoton kai wanda bai dogara da ka'idojin bincike na CSBD da WHO ta gabatar ba a cikin 2019, saboda haka, mun yi ƙoƙarin bincika masu hasashen mafi faɗin 'halayen jima'i (CSB)' a tsakanin mata.
A matakin daukar ma'aikata, ba mu bincikar bin ka'idojin ICD-11 ba, mun yi amfani da takardar tambaya don auna tsananin alamun alamun CSB. Mun fahimci iyakance amfani da ma'aunin rahoton kai wanda aka danganta ga tantance alamun jarabar jima'i10, 11, 12 amma yi imani za a iya amfani da sakamakon yanzu don gano halayen da aka danganta ga alamun CSB. Saboda haka, za mu yi amfani da kalmar CSB maimakon CSBD a cikin wannan labarin, ko da yake ba mu san yawan mata da suka cika ka'idodin ICD-11 ba. Ganin yanayin binciken wannan binciken, an gudanar da bincike don samar da hasashe don nazarin bincike na gaba.
Hanyoyi
Masu shiga da kuma hanya
Dari shida da saba'in da hudu (n = 674) Farar fata, matan Poland masu shekaru 18-66 (Mshekaru= 29.36; SDshekaru= 8.13) an ɗauke su ta hanyar binciken bincike na kan layi game da yawan nau'o'in CSB a tsakanin mata da kuma babban hoton asibiti. Binciken ya kuma kasance gayyata don shiga cikin aikin dogon lokaci da nufin bincika ko horarwar tunani yana haifar da raguwar alamun CSB. Bayan shigar, an sanar da masu amsa game da makasudin binciken kuma an ba su sanar da izini na lantarki. Sharuɗɗan haɗawa sun kasance mata, masu shekaru 18 ko mazan, kasancewa masu yin jima'i a cikin shekarar da ta gabata (ciki har da ayyukan jima'i na dyadic da kuma ayyukan kaɗaita - watau, al'aura), da fuskantar matsaloli tare da CSB akan matakin ɗabi'a da neman magani saboda waɗannan matsalolin. An tattara bayanai daga Yuli 2019 zuwa Janairu 2020. Daga cikin mata 1241 da suka bude binciken, 936 sun cika a wani bangare, kuma 674 sun kammala binciken gaba daya suna samar da bayanan da suka isa tantancewa.
Matakan
YAWAN JAMA'A
An samu bayanan alƙaluman mahalarta kamar shekaru, matsayin aure, matakin ilimi da sana'a.
Yin jima'i
An nemi mahalarta su ba da bayani kan ayyukan jima'i da aka ayyana a matsayin duk wani aikin jima'i - kadaici (misali, al'aurar al'aura, cin batsa) ko dyadic (misali, jima'i na abokin tarayya, kuzarin jima'i ciki har da wasan fore / son jima'i, jima'i na baka, farji, ko saduwa ta dubura) cewa yana jawo sha'awar jima'i. Musamman, abubuwan da ke cikin tambayoyin da abin ya shafa: farkon jima'i na farko, adadin abokan jima'i na shekarar da ta gabata, farawa (watau shekaru) kallon batsa, da adadin jima'i dyadic, kallon batsa, da yawan al'aura a baya 7 kwanaki.
Neman taimako na farko don CSB
Mun yi la'akari da neman taimakon mata don ƙwarewar CSB ta tambayar su su nuna 'Ee' ko 'A'a' ga tambaya mai zuwa: 'Shin kun taɓa neman taimakon ƙwararru don halinku na tilastawa?'.
Nau'in Yaren mutanen Poland na Gwajin Nazarin Jima'i An Sake Bita (SAST-PL)
SAST-PL26 kayan aiki ne da aka inganta ta hanyar tunani wanda ke auna CSB dangane da ra'ayin jarabar jima'i.10 Tambayoyin abubuwa 20 sun ƙunshi ƙananan ma'auni guda 5: Tasirin Tashin hankali, Damuwar Alakar, Ma'amala, Rashin Sarrafa, Abubuwan Haɗe-haɗe. Ana tambayar masu amsa su amsa kowane abu ta hanyar amsa 'Ee' ko 'A'a'. Makiyoyi masu girma suna da alaƙa da girman alamun alamun CSB. SAST-PL yana da babban abin dogaro (α = 0.90).
Allon Batsa na Brief (BPS)
BPS kayan aiki ne mai abubuwa 5 wanda ke auna amfani da batsa mai matsala (PPU).27 Masu amsa suna ƙididdige kowane bayani ta hanyar amsa tambayar sau nawa a cikin watanni 6 da suka gabata suka faru akan ma'aunin maki 3 (0 = Ba; 1 = Wani lokaci; 3 = Sau da yawa). An fara inganta BPS akan bincike masu zaman kansu guda biyar akan manya na Amurka da Poland (α daga 0.90 zuwa 0.92). Maki a kan BPS ya kewayo daga 0 zuwa 10 tare da yanke ƙimar 4 mai nunin yuwuwar PPU.
Nazarin ilimin lissafi
Da farko, mun yi amfani da haɗin gwiwar Samfurin Pearson, Welch t- gwaje-gwaje da ANOVAs na hanya ɗaya don bincika ƙungiyoyi tsakanin SAST-PL jimlar maki da ƙididdigar alƙaluma da halaye na jima'i. Bayan haka, mun gudanar da wani nazarin koma baya na layi don gano sauye-sauye masu alaƙa da tsananin alamun CSB (wanda aka kimanta ta SAST-PL). An yi duk nazarin ta amfani da SPSS-23 (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 23.0).
Ethics
Dukkan hanyoyin da ke cikin wannan binciken an yi su ne bisa ga sanarwar Helsinki. Kwamitin Da'a na Bincike na Jami'ar SWPS a Warsaw ya amince da binciken. An sanar da duk mahalarta game da iyakokin binciken, kuma duk sun ba da izini na son rai ta hanyar lantarki.
results
Daga cikin mata 674, 57.4% (n = 387) ya zira maki 6 ko sama akan SAST-PL,26 CSB, da 73.3%n = 494) na samfurin ya zira maki 4 ko mafi girma akan ma'aunin BPS na amfani da batsa mai matsala.27
Table 1 yana nuna ƙungiyoyin bivariate tsakanin jimlar SAST-PL da halayen zamantakewa da tarihin jima'i. Musamman, mun sami kyakkyawar alaƙa tsakanin jimlar SAST-PL da jimillar makin BPS (r = 0.59, P <.001), adadin abokan jima'i na shekarar da ta gabata (r = 0.34, P <.001), da adadin makon da ya gabata (kwanaki 7) jima'i mai tsauri (r = 0.15, P <.01). An sami alaƙa mara kyau tsakanin jimlar SAST-PL da shekarun mahalarta (r = −0.08, P <.05), farkon jima'i na farko (r = −0.24, P <.001), da kuma farkon bayyanar batsa na farko (r = −0.23, P <.001]. Bugu da ƙari, matan da suka kasance a lokacin saki, rabuwa ko rashin aure sun sami matsayi mafi girma akan SAST-PL (M = 7.67, SD = 4.79) idan aka kwatanta da waɗanda suka yi aure ko dangantaka ta yau da kullun (M = 6.48, SD = 4.37)t(672) = 3.26, P <.001, Cohen's d = 0.26].
Table 1. Abubuwan tarihin alƙaluma da tarihin jima'i masu alaƙa da maki SAST-R na mata (n = 674)
| Tantanin halitta mara komai | Tantanin halitta mara komai | Sakamakon SAST-R |
|---|---|---|
| Nazarin binciken | %/M (SD) | r or t/F |
| Gwajin Nuna Cutar Jima'i - An Bita (SAST-R)† Ba ya saduwa da yanke-off Haɗu da yanke-off | 6.91 (4.55) 42.6% 57.4% | - |
| Allon Batsa na Brief (BPS)† Ba ya saduwa da yanke-off Haɗu da yanke-off | 2.75 (2.96) 26.7% 73.3% | r = 0.59⁎ |
| Shekaru | 29.36 (8.13) | r = -0.08* |
| Relationship matsayi Dangantakar aure ko na yau da kullun Lokacin saki, rabuwa, ko aure | 64.1% 35.9% | t = 3.26⁎ (Cohen ta d = 0.26) |
| Matsayin ilimi Makaranta ko žasa Kwalejin (har yanzu a makaranta) Digiri na digiri ko na gaba | 25.7% 18.5% 53.0% | F = 6.82⁎ (Cohen ta f = 0.13) |
| zama Cikakken lokaci ko rabin lokaci dalibi/Ba shi da aikin yi | 73.0% 27.0% | t = -0.90 |
| Tun kafin neman taimako saboda CSB A A'a | 31.8% 68.2% | t = -5.38⁎ (Cohen ta d = 0.45) |
| Farkon jima'i na farko | N = 652 17.83 (3.02) | r = -0.24⁎ |
| Yawan abokan jima'i a cikin shekarar da ta gabata | N = 558 3.28 (5.45) | r = 0.34⁎ |
| Yawan jima'i dyadic a cikin makon da ya gabata (kwana 7) | N = 430 3.21 (3.45) | r = 0.15⁎⁎ |
| Farkon bayyanar batsa na farko | N = 649 12.75 (4.37) | r = -0.23⁎ |
| Lokacin da aka kashe akan batsa a cikin makon da ya gabata (kwana 7) Babu Mintuna 59 ko ƙasa da hakan 60-119 minti Minti 120 da ƙari | 50.0% 24.0% 11.6% 14.1% | F = 33.69⁎ (Cohen ta f = 0.38) |
| Yawan al'aura a cikin makon da ya gabata (kwana 7) | N = 516 3.89 (3.82) | r = 0.35⁎ |
- ⁎
P <.05.
- ⁎⁎
P <.01.
- ⁎
P <.001.
Lura. Abubuwa masu ƙarfi sun kasance masu mahimmanci a ƙididdiga bayan daidaitawa don kuskuren Nau'in 1.
- †
Maki-kashe bisa bincike gami da mahalarta maza.
Wani babban bambanci ya faru a yanayin matakin ilimi, tare da mata masu ba da rahoton makarantar sakandare ko ƙarancin ilimi sun sami mafi girman makin SAST-PL (M = 7.60, SD = 4.41), sannan mata a jami'a sun sami raguwa kaɗan (M = 7.54, SD = 4.37), kuma a ƙarshe, mata masu digiri ko digiri na biyu suna da mafi ƙarancin ƙimar SAST-PL (M = 6.27, SD = 4.59)F(2,652) = 6.82, P = .001, Cohen's f = 0.13]. Kamar yadda ya fito, matan da suka nemi taimako na baya ga CSB sun sami maki mafi girma akan SAST-PL (M = 8.26, SD = 5.04) idan aka kwatanta da matan da ba su nemi taimako a baya ba (M = 6.28, SD = 4.17)t(672) = −5.38, P <.001, Cohen's d = 0.45. A ƙarshe, ƙarin lokacin da mata ke ciyar da batsa a cikin makon da ya gabata (kwanaki 7), mafi girman maki da suka samu a SAST-PL [F(3,668) = 33.69, P <.001, Cohen's f = 0.38]. Musamman, matan da ba sa kallon batsa a cikin makon da ya gabata sun sami ma'aunin ma'aunin 5.59 (SD= 4.21), sannan waɗanda suka kalli batsa na minti 59 ko ƙasa da haka - 6.93 (SD = 4.27), matan da suka kashe mintuna 60-119 akan batsa - 8.26 (SD = 4.07), kuma a ƙarshe, matan da suka ba da minti 120 ko fiye don cin batsa - 10.32 (SD = 4.51). Ba mu sami ƙungiya tsakanin jimlar SAST-PL da matsayin sana'a ba.
A ƙarshe, mai sauƙi Ƙirgar komawa da baya an gudanar da shi don gano masu tsinkaya na CSB kamar yadda SAST-PL ta tantance (a matsayin ci gaba mai ci gaba) a cikin samfurin matan Poland masu neman magani. Don rage tasirin kuskuren Nau'in I, kawai masu canji masu mahimmanci a P <.01 an shigar da su cikin samfurin (duba Table 1). Saboda neman taimako na farko don CSB yana da alaƙa sosai tare da CSB, kuma don rage yiwuwar tasirin multicollinearity, mun yanke shawarar kada mu haɗa wannan ma'auni a cikin bincike na sake dawowa. Samfurin ya kasance mai mahimmanci, F(9, 273) = 31.792, P <.001, R2 daga 0.512. Musamman, mun gano cewa jimillar makin BPS shine mafi ƙarfin hasashen ƙimar CSB (SAST-PL) a cikin mata.β = 0.83, P <.001). Bugu da ƙari, mun gano cewa farkon jima'i na farko (β = −0.21, P <.01), adadin abokan jima'i na shekarar da ta gabata (β = 0.23, P < .001), adadin al'aura na makon da ya gabata (β = 0.22, P <.001), da matsayin dangantaka (β = −0.92, P . Table 2).
Table 2. Ƙididdigar ƙididdiga na halayen jima'i na tilastawa (CSB) wanda aka auna ta SAST-R tsakanin mata
| Nazarin binciken | B | SE B | t | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Kwanaki) | 8.25 | 1.35 | 6.13 | [5.60, 10.90]⁎ |
| Relationship matsayi | -0.92 | 0.47 | -1.95 | [-1.85, 0.01]* |
| Ilimi | -0.08 | 0.24 | -0.33 | [-0.54, 0.38] |
| Farkon jima'i na farko | -0.21 | 0.07 | -3.13 | [-0.34, -0.08]⁎⁎ |
| Yawan abokan jima'i a cikin shekarar da ta gabata | 0.23 | 0.04 | 5.84 | [0.15, 0.30]⁎ |
| Adadin jima'i dyadic a cikin kwanaki 7 na ƙarshe | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.59 | [-0.09, 0.16] |
| Farkon bayyanar batsa na farko | -0.02 | 0.05 | -0.31 | [-0.11, 0.08] |
| Lokacin da aka kashe akan batsa a cikin kwanaki 7 na ƙarshe | -0.28 | 0.21 | -1.34 | [-0.70, 0.13] |
| Yawan al'aura a cikin kwanaki 7 na ƙarshe | 0.22 | 0.06 | 3.51 | [0.10, 0.34]⁎ |
| Allon Batsa na Brief (BPS) | 0.83 | 0.08 | 10.27 | [0.67, 0.99]⁎ |
- ⁎
P <.05.
- ⁎⁎
P <.01
- ⁎
P <.001.
Matsayin dangantaka: 0 = wanda aka sake shi / rabu / ba tare da aure ba, 1 = aure / abokin tarayya; Lokacin da aka kashe akan batsa a cikin kwanaki 7 na ƙarshe: 0 = babu, 1 = 59 mintuna ko ƙasa da haka, 2 = mintuna 60-119, 3 = mintuna 120 da ƙari.
Note. Rikicin layi hasashen yiwuwar faruwar alamun CSB a tsakanin mata.
Takaitacciyar samfur: F(9, 273) = 31.792, P <.001 da R2 na 0.512.
tattaunawa
Yin amfani da daidaitawar Yaren mutanen Poland na Yin jima'i da jima'i Gwajin dubawa-Bita (SAST-PL),26 mun nemi bincika alaƙa da masu hasashen alamun CSB a tsakanin samfurin matan Poland masu neman magani. Ko da yake akwai iyakoki tare da amfani da wannan hanya, a halin yanzu babu wasu ingantattun kayan aikin tunani da aka inganta don tantance CSB (ko CSBD) a cikin matan Poland. A halin yanzu, rashin bayanan asibiti game da rahoton mata masu ba da rahoto tare da CSB ya kasance muhimmiyar manufa don bincike na gaba, musamman tun lokacin da ra'ayoyin halin yanzu na ilimin ilimin halin jima'i na matsalolin jima'i ya samo asali ne daga mafi yawan fararen fata / Turai, samfurori na maza.
Gabaɗaya, mun gano cewa ƙungiyar matan da ba su nemi magani ga CSB a baya ba (68.2% na duka samfurin) sun sami ma'anar SAST-PL wanda ya wuce ƙimar yankewa da Carnes ta gabatar.10 Wannan binciken ya yi daidai da bincike na Kraus da abokan aiki29 yana nuna cewa kashi 29 cikin XNUMX na maza a cikin samfurin su waɗanda suka hadu ko suka wuce Ƙididdigar Halayen Haɓaka Jima'i (HBI)30 jimlar yanke yanke na asibiti, yana ba da shawarar kasancewar yiwuwar cutar hawan jini (HD),6 ba su da sha'awar neman magani don amfani da batsa. Koyaya, bayanan farko sun nuna cewa yuwuwar neman magani ga PPU a cikin mata ya ragu da sau 7 fiye da na maza,31 ko da yake ba a yi la'akari da abubuwan da za su iya ba da gudummawa ta musamman ga wannan bambancin ba. Ganin cewa mata da yawa a cikin binciken ba su da sha'awar neman magani a baya, kuma kusan 32% na samfurin suna sha'awar irin wannan magani, ana buƙatar ƙarin aiki don gano matsalolin da ke yanzu don taimakawa neman matan Poland. Mahimman bayani na iya haɗawa da ƙa'idodin al'adu, kafa jinsi da matsayin zamantakewa ga mata, yarda da addini mafi girma ga maza suna ba da rahoton asarar iko akan halayen jima'i, da kuma jin kunya da rashin kunya ga mata masu ba da rahoto tare da CSB. Dhuffar da Griffits32 bambance-bambancen manyan nau'ikan 4 na yuwuwar shinge ga mata waɗanda basa neman magani don jarabar jima'i (misali, mutum ɗaya, zamantakewa, bincike, da magani); duk da haka, ana buƙatar bincike na gaba don gano abubuwan (misali, shekaru, matsayin aure, kabilanci / kabilanci, imani na addini, samun damar kiwon lafiya, al'amurran da suka shafi lafiyar kwakwalwa) waɗanda ke hana mata neman magani ga CSB.
Yayin nazarin wanne daga cikin masu canji na iya zama masu tsinkayar alamun bayyanar CSB tsakanin mata daga samfurin da aka yi nazari, mun nuna cewa a cikin mata, mafi karfi na alamun bayyanar CSB shine jimlar BPS. Sakamakon da aka samu a cikin wannan binciken ya kuma nuna cewa halaye masu zuwa na iya kasancewa da alaƙa da alamun CSB: farkon jima'i na farko, adadin abokan jima'i a cikin shekarar da ta gabata, yawan al'aura a cikin makon da ya gabata, da matsayi na dangantaka. Saboda rashin irin wannan bincike da aka gudanar a kan mata ya zuwa yanzu, ba mu da wata ma’ana ga sakamakonmu. Don iliminmu, bincikenmu shine farkon gano masu hasashen CSB tsakanin matan Poland. Sakamakonmu yana kama da nazarin binciken 2017 akan matan Poland da ke neman magani ga PPU31 a cikin abin da suka sami dangantaka mai mahimmanci tsakanin neman magani, alamun CSB (wanda aka kiyasta ta SAST-PL) da kuma PPU mai tsanani (ƙima ta BPS). Abin sha'awa, mun gano cewa ba adadin lokacin da aka kashe don cin batsa ba ne a cikin kwanaki 7 da suka gabata, amma jimillar makin BPS wanda yayi aiki a matsayin ƙwaƙƙwaran tsinkayar CSB a cikin mata. Wani bayani mai yiwuwa na wannan sakamakon shine gaskiyar cewa BPS baya mayar da hankali kan ma'aunin batsa (watau yawa da mita), amma a maimakon haka yana auna sakamakon da kansa ya danganta ga cin batsa. An lura da wani irin kamanni tsakanin bincikenmu da binciken Klein da abokan aiki28 wanda bincike ya nuna adadin abokan jima'i da yawan al'aura a matsayin masu tsinkayar jima'i (wanda HBI ya kimanta)30 a cikin mata. Har ila yau bincike yana nuna cin zarafin yara, damuwa na yanzu, da shaye-shaye a matsayin masu tsinkaya game da jarabar jima'i,33,34 da kuma shiga cikin ayyukan addini a matsayin mai hasashen PPU.31 Wadannan abubuwan da suka kasance masu mahimmanci ga CSB a cikin mata, ba a tantance su ba a cikin binciken na yanzu kuma suna buƙatar ƙarin la'akari a cikin binciken bincike.
Bugu da ƙari kuma, mun sami wasu mahimmancin alaƙa na alamun CSB dangane da halayen zamantakewa da tarihin jima'i. Alal misali, an lura da tsananin alamun bayyanar cututtuka na CSB (SAST-PL jimlar ƙididdiga) a cikin matan da aka sake su, rabu ko marasa aure, idan aka kwatanta da matan da suka yi aure ko a dangantaka ta yau da kullum. Bugu da ƙari, jimlar SAST-PL sun kasance daidai da alaƙa da adadin abokan jima'i a cikin shekarar da ta gabata, adadin jima'i na dyadic a cikin kwanakin 7 na ƙarshe, yayin da mummunan dangantaka da shekarun jima'i na farko. Yin la'akari da sakamakon da ke sama da gaskiyar cewa Klein da abokan aiki'28 Bincike ya nuna adadin abokan jima'i a matsayin daya daga cikin masu hangen nesa na halayen jima'i, ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike don nazarin ayyukan jima'i na jima'i a tsakanin mata da ke ba da rahoto tare da CSB, saboda wannan zai iya nuna wani muhimmin al'amari na yanayin da ya rage a cikin mata.
Mun kuma binciko abubuwan da suka shafi batsa da al'aura a tsakanin samfurin mu na mata. Kamar yadda ya juya, matsakaicin jimlar SAST-PL ya karu tare da adadin lokacin da aka keɓe don cin batsa a cikin kwanakin 7 da suka gabata. Alamun CSB suna da alaƙa da alaƙa da ƙimar BPS, adadin al'aura a cikin kwanakin 7 da suka gabata, da mummunan alaƙa da farkon bayyanar batsa na farko.
gazawar
Dole ne a yi la'akari da iyakoki da dama na binciken na yanzu. Na farko, a halin yanzu babu wani takamaiman ƙididdiga na yawaitar CSBD tsakanin mata kuma binciken na yanzu bai kamata a yi la'akari da shi yana nuna yawan CSBD ko CSB tsakanin matan Poland ba. Ganin rashin kayan aikin da ke auna CSBD waɗanda aka tabbatar da su ta hanyar tunani a cikin samfuran mata, ba mu sani ba, ko ma'aunin da muka haɗa a cikin bincikenmu ya ƙaru haɗarin ƙimar ƙarya saboda rashin abubuwan tantance bayanai kamar hankali da ƙayyadaddun bayanai. Na biyu, an tallata binciken ta hanyar amfani da hanyar ƙwallon dusar ƙanƙara a tsakanin mutanen da ke sha'awar wannan batu, don haka yawancin mata da ke bayyana taimakon farko tare da CSB na iya kasancewa saboda ƙungiyar da ke sha'awar shiga cikin binciken kanta. Na uku, bincikenmu bai haɗa da kowane ma'auni na tantance ilimin halin ɗan adam ko sha'awar zamantakewa / kulawa ba, kuma ba a yi hira da mata a cikin mutum ta hanyar ƙwararren mai ba da lafiyar hankali ba. Dogaro da bayanan kai-kai don bayyana ƙwarewar mata tare da CSB yakamata a yi la'akari da shi lokacin fassara binciken binciken yanzu.
karshe
A taƙaice, sakamakon yanzu yana nuna cewa akwai buƙatar ƙarin bincike game da CSB tsakanin mata, musamman game da rawar da ake yi na batsa da kuma tsarin jima'i a cikin ci gaba da kiyaye CSB. Ana buƙatar ƙarin karatu don sanin yawan CSB tsakanin mata ta amfani da ingantattun matakan da ke nuna ma'auni na CSBD a cikin ICD-11. Bugu da ari, ana kuma buƙatar bincike don bincika haɗin kai tare da mutuntaka, aikin jima'i, matsalar caca, amfani da abu, da/ko wasu cututtuka na tunani; Ana iya amfani da irin waɗannan bayanan don tabbatar da kamance da / ko bambance-bambance a cikin hanyoyin neuronal da ke ƙarƙashin CSB a cikin mata da maza.35 A ƙarshe, daidaiton bincike na yawan amfani kwakwalwa kayan aikin da aka yi amfani da su don auna alamun CSB kuma suna buƙatar ƙarin bincike, musamman a tsakanin yawan mata na asibiti waɗanda ba su da ilimi sosai a cikin ƙananan ƙasashe masu samun kuɗi.25
Ethics
Dukkan hanyoyin da ke cikin wannan binciken an yi su ne bisa ga sanarwar Helsinki. Kwamitin Da'a na Bincike na Jami'ar SWPS a Warsaw ya amince da binciken. An sanar da duk mahalarta game da iyakar binciken kuma duk sun ba da sanarwa da yarda na son rai.
Bayanin Gudanarwa
EK ya ba da gudummawar nazari da ƙira hanyoyin, daukar ma'aikata, tattara bayanai, nazarin bayanai da fassarar, rubutun hannu, da samun kuɗi. MG ya ba da gudummawa ga nazari da ƙira hanyoyin, da kuma rubutun hannu. MLS ya ba da gudummawa ga rubutun hannu. SWK ya ba da gudummawa ga nazarin bayanai da fassarar, da kuma rubutun hannu. Duk marubutan sun ba da labari, karantawa, bita, kuma sun amince da daftarin rubutun na ƙarshe.
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