Hloov Cov Ceg Txheej Txheem ntawm Cov Kev Tsis Taus (Impulsivity) hauv Cov Hluas uas muaj Internet Gaming Disorder (2016)

Pem hauv ntej Hum Neurosci. 2016; 10: 4.

Luam tawm hauv internet 2016 Jan 28. doi:  10.3389 / fnhum.2016.00004

PMCID: PMC4729938

 

Abstract

Tsis ntev los no cov kev tshawb fawb pom tias internet gaming teeb meem (IGD) tau txuam nrog impulsivity thiab structural abnormalities hauv lub hlwb grey teeb meem (GM). Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj kev tshawb nrhav morphometric tau tshawb xyuas lub koom haum GM thiab impulsivity hauv IGD cov tib neeg. Hauv txoj kev tshawb no, 25 cov hluas uas nrog IGD thiab 27 cov kev tswj kev noj qab haus huv (HCs) raug nrhiav, thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm Barratt impulsiveness scale-11 (BIS) thiab gray teeb meem ntim (GMV) tshawb xyuas nrog voxel-based morphometric (VBM) correlation tsom xam. Tom qab ntawd, qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov sib tw ntawm BIS thiab GMV tau sim hla txhua cov voxels GM. Peb pom tau tias qhov sib tw ntawm BIS thiab GMV ntawm txoj cai dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), ob sab phlu insula thiab cov orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), txoj cai amygdala thiab sab laug fusiform gyrus poob rau hauv IGD pawg piv rau HCs. Kev Tshaj Tawm ntawm cheeb tsam (ROI) tau qhia tias GMV hauv tag nrho cov pawg no tau pom kev sib raug zoo nrog cov qhab nia BIS hauv HCs, thaum tsis muaj kev sib txheeb sib txawv nyob hauv pawg IGD. Peb cov kev tshawb pom pom hais tias qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov hlwb hauv thaj chaw txuam nrog kev coj cwj pwm tsis zoo, kev tswj hwm thiab kev xav kev xav yuav ua rau kev tswj hwm teeb meem hauv IGD cov hluas.

keywords: internet gaming tsis meej, impulsivity, gray teeb meem ntim, voxel-based morphometry, cov hluas

Introduction

Kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet yog ib qho kev txhawj xeeb sai hauv ntiaj teb thiab muaj feem nrog ntau yam kev puas siab puas ntsws (Ko et al., ). Hluas () hais txog kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet, xws li internet gaming disorder (IGD), ua ib qho kev tsis sib haum tswj hwm. Ua ntej cov kev tshawb pom pom tias cov ntsiab lus nrog kev siv internet ua rau pom tau tias muaj ntau dua qhov kev tiv thaiv ntawm kev tswj kom noj qab haus huv (HCs; Cao et al., ; Lee et al., ). Tsis tas li ntawd, kev poob siab kuj tau hais txog kev siv internet tsis meej hauv cov kev tshawb fawb ntev (Billieux li al., ; Gentile li al., ). Tsis tas li ntawd, cov hluas uas siv cov IGD feem ntau pom muaj kev tswj hwm tus cwj pwm thaum lub sij hawm ua tus thawj tswj hwm los yog kev tswj hwm ntawm kev tswj hwm (Cao et al., ; Ko et al., ; Dong li al., , ; Dong li al., ,; Zhou li al., ; Dong thiab Potenza, ). Vim tias kev coj tus cwj pwm tsis zoo yuav ua rau muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws hauv kev puas siab puas ntsws thiab kev sib raug zoo, xws li kev tua tus kheej thiab kev ua txhaum, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau tshawb xyuas cov neural substrates ntawm kev siab tawv dua nyob hauv IGD cov hluas.

Cov kev tshawb fawb txog cov kev puas hlwb neuroimaging (Dong et al., , ,, ; Liu et al., ) tau qhia tias cov ntsiab lus nrog IGD muaj abbrant activations nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej, insular, temporal thiab parietal cortex piv nrog cov HCs thaum ua qhov tsis sib luag tswj txog cov kev pabcuam, thiab cov activations hauv anterior cingulated cortex thiab insula significantly correlated rau qhov tseeb incongruent mus sib hais lub sij hawm thiab kev kawm txawj ploj (Dong et al., , ). Yav dhau los cov kev tshawb fawb tau qhia tias IGD tau mob txuam nrog cov yam ntxwv txawv txav hauv cov teeb meem grey (GM), xws li poob gray teeb meem (GMV) nyob rau hauv ntej, cingulated, insular, parietal cortex thiab amygdala, thiab nce GMV hauv temporal thiab parahippocampal cortex (Yuan li al., ; Hong li al., ; Kühn thiab Gallinat, , ; Kühn li al., ; Sun et al., ; Ko et al., ). Tsis ntev los no, accumulating neuroimaging cov kev tshawb nrhiav cov kev sib piv ntawm cov kev sib raug zoo thiab qhia tau cov kev tshawb pom heterogeneous hauv cov kev noj qab haus huv thiab lwm yam kev ntsim siab ntsig txog mob. Hauv kev noj qab haus huv, tsis zoo (Boes li al., ; Matsuo li al., ; Schilling li al., , ) los yog qhov zoo (Gardini li al., ; Schilling li al., ; Cho li al., ) correlations raug ob qhia ntawm impulsivity thiab GMV / cortical tuab nyob rau pem hauv ntej, thaj tsam ntawm lub cev thiab cov amygdala. Cov kev sib raug zoo ntawm GMV nyob rau hauv orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) / amygdala thiab impulsivity kuj pom muaj nyob hauv cov neeg mob uas muaj kev nyuaj siab ploj, kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj, kev kho siab tsis zoo / kev tsis haum, kev nyuaj siab tom qab tsis muaj teeb meem, kev tsis sib haum xeeb thiab kev puas siab puas ntsws bipolar (Antonucci et al. , ; Tajima-Pozo li al., ). Txawm li cas los xij, txoj kev sib raug zoo ntawm impulsivity thiab GMV hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas IGD feem ntau tsis paub.

Nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no, peb tsom xyuas kom paub cov kev hloov kho ntawm kev sib txuam nrog kev siv voxel-based morphometry (VBM) cov tsom hauv IGD cov hluas thaum piv rau HCs. Nees nkaum tsib txiv neej cov IGD cov hluas thiab 27 hnub nyoog-, thiab kev kawm sib haum ntawm HCs raug nrhiav thiab kev tsis pom zoo raug soj ntsuam nrog Barratt impulsiveness scale-11 (BIS). Tshawb nrhiav kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev tsis tuaj yeem thiab cov mob GMV hauv cov IGD cov tub ntxhais hluas muaj peev xwm muab cov kev paub tshiab rau hauv cov tswv yim hauv lub nruab siab ntawm qhov kev siab tawv me dua hauv IGD cov hluas.

Ntaub ntawv thiab kev

kawm

Nees nkaum-tsib tus txiv neej uas muaj cai rau tub ntxhais hluas nrog tus IGD tau nrhiav tau hauv txoj kev tshawb xyuas no. Tsuas yog cov txiv neej cov kawm raug soj ntsuam vim qhov tsawg tus pojniam nrog kev ua si hauv Internet. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev koom ua ke rau pab pawg neeg IGD yog: (i) cov ntsiab lus uas muaj tsib los yog ntau dua "cov lus teb" rau ntawm Young Diagnostic Questionnaire for Internet ntxiv (Young, ); (ii) kev ua si online ua si lub sijhawm ≥4 h nyob rau ib hnub; thiab (iii) Tus hluas qhov 20-yam nyob hauv internet kuaj twv (IAT) qhab nia ≥50 Nees-xya txoj cai-laus, muaj hnub nyoog- thiab kev kawm-sib deev tus txiv neej hluas txoj kev noj qab haus huv tau raug xaiv los ua HCs. Cov lus teev tseg rau HCs suav nrog: (i) cov kev kawm tseem tsis tau muaj txog qhov kev kuaj mob ntawm Young Diagnostic Questionnaire rau Internet ntxiv; (ii) sijhawm ua si online time2 h nyob rau ib hnub; thiab (iii) Tus hluas qhov 20-yam IAT qhab nia <50. Qhov tsis suav cov qauv rau ob pawg neeg yog: (i) kev muaj mob ntawm lub paj hlwb; (II) haus dej cawv lossis siv tshuaj yaj yeeb; thiab (iii) kev mob lub cev xws li mob hlwb, mob hlwb lossis mob vwm raws li tau txheeb xyuas raws li kev soj ntsuam thiab cov ntaub ntawv kho mob. Kev Txawj Ntse Quotient (IQ) ntawm txhua tus neeg tuaj koom raug sim siv cov qauv Rawen kev kawm tiav. Cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws qhia cov pej xeem tau qhia hauv Table Table1.1. Cov kev cai lij choj ntawm txoj kev tshawb no tau raug pom zoo los ntawm pawg neeg Ethics ntawm Tianjin Medical University Universal Tsev Kho Mob, thiab tag nrho cov neeg koom muaj kev sau ntawv pom zoo raws li cov txheej txheem kev cai.

rooj 1 

Tus neeg koom tus yam ntxwv rau pab pawg neeg IGD thiab HCs.

Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Tsis Tuaj

Tus BIS, qhov kev nug tus kheej tau tsim los ntsuas qhov kev xav tau (Patton li al., ), yog siv los ntsuas qhov kev tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm txhua tus neeg tuaj koom. Tag nrho cov khoom tau raug xa tawm ntawm 4-point Likert-Scale (Tsis tshua Muaj / Tsis Tau; Qee zaus; Feem ntau; Yuav Tsum Zeej / Ib txwm). Cov qhab-nees siab tshaj qhov qhia tau tias muaj ntau dua kev tsis pom kev.

Cov duab MRI

MR imaging tau soj xyuas ntawm Siemens 3.0T scanner (Magnetom Verio, Siemens, Erlangen, Lub teb chaws Yelemees). Ib tug T1-hnyav volumetric magnetization-npaj tau sai gradient-echo ib qho kev siv rau kom tau ib tug series ntawm 192 contiguous sagittal siab daws anatomical dluab nrog cov nram qab no: TR = 2000 ms, TE = 2.34 ms, TI = 900 ms, flip angle = 9 °, FOV = 256 mm × 256 mm, hlais tuab = 1 mm, matrix size = 256 × 256.

Voxel-Based Morphometry (VBM) Kev Tshawb Fawb

Cov duab hauv cov duab tau siv preprocessed siv VBM8 tool-box1 ntawm SPM8 (Lub Rooj Tsav Xwm Saib Xyuas Kev Xiam Hlwb, Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Tebchaws London, UK; http://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/spm/software/spm8 siv rau MATLAB R2010a (Math Ua Haujlwm Inc., Sherborn, MA, USA). Peb-dimension ntsuas rau geometric tau ua thaum rov tsim kho cov duab. Tom qab ntawd, cov duab ib tus neeg ntawm txhua tus neeg koom nrog tau ya mus rau hauv GM, teeb meem dawb, thiab lub hlwb txha caj qaum, thiab GM ntu tau ib txwm rau Montreal Neurological lub koom haum qauv. Tom ntej no, cov lej feem ntawm GM tau raug tso npe rau ib hom tsim tawm los ntawm lawv tus kheej los ntawm kev sau npe sib txawv los ntawm kev tso npe tawm los ntawm kev piav qhia kev dag tshaj plaws (DARTEL). Cov ntawv sau npe ib nrab ntim cov duab tau tom qab tau tsim los ntawm kev faib rau Jacobian ntawm warp teb rau qhov raug rau thaj tsam hauv zos lossis kev cog lus. Thaum kawg ua qauv kub GM tau hnav nrog lub isotropic Gaussian ntsiav ntawm 8 hli tag nrho-dav ntawm ib nrab siab. Yuav cais tawm ntawm qhov kev txheeb cais tawm lub luag haujlwm pixels muab los ntawm cov ntu rau GM nrog qhov muaj peev xwm tsawg qhov tseem ceeb thiab cov pixels nrog qhov tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam anatomical overlay tom qab normalization, lub ntsiab lus duab ntawm normalized GM los ntawm txhua yam kev kawm tau siv los tsim GM npog ntsej muag, uas nws tau pib teeb ntawm tus nqi ntawm 0.30 (pixels nrog suav suav qhov feem fwm> 30% tau xaiv) thiab tom qab ntawd siv los ua daim npog ntsej muag rau cov kev sojntsuam zoo.

statistical Analysis

Cov kev sib txawv ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm txawv hauv hnub nyoog, kev kawm, IQ, kev ua si hauv online (sij hawm / hnub), IAT score thiab qhab nia BIS raug muab coj los piv siv ob hom t-tsis nyob rau hauv SPSS 18.0 thiab qhov tseem ceeb theem tau teem rau p <0.05.

Yog tias qhov sib piv ntawm GMV thiab BIS cov qhab nia sib txawv ntawm ob pawg neeg, peb tau qhia ib qho qauv tawm qauv dav dav txog GMV raws li cov neeg mob siab sib xws, nrog pawg (HCs vs. IGD), BIS tus qhab nia thiab lawv cov kev sib cuam tshuam nrog cov neeg muaj peev xwm thiab hnub nyoog raws li kuj sib txawv thiab sib txawv (Giedd thiab Rapoport, ). Tus qhab nia ntawm BIS ntawm txhua qhov kev kawm yog demeaned hauv txhua pawg ua ntej nkag mus rau hauv GLM qauv. Qhov parameter (tseem hu ua regression coefficient) ntawm cov qhab nia GMV thiab BIS ntawm txhua pawg ntawm txhua voxel tau kwv yees, thiab qhov regression coefficients ntawm HCs thiab IGD tau muab coj los piv t-tej. Vim tias peb txoj kev tshawb no yog ib qho kev tshawb nrhiav tshawb nrhiav thiab ua rau me me piv txwv, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov tsis tseem ceeb p <0.005; pawg loj> 200 voxels) tau siv nyob ntawm no.

Pawg uas hloov cov kev sib hloov ntawm GMV thiab BIS cov qhab nees ntawm IGD cov tub ntxhais hluas tau txhais tias cov cheeb tsam ntawm kev txaus siab (ROIs). Nruab nrab GMV hauv lub ROIs tau muab rho tawm thiab qhov correlations ntawm nruab nrab GMV ntawm cov ROIs thiab BIS tau raug kuaj ntxiv siv Pearson correlation tsom hauv SPSS 18.0. ROI-wise intergroup comparisons ntawm nruab nrab GMV ntawm cov ROIs no kuj tau siv ob-qauv t-tej. Qhov tseem ceeb theem tau teem rau p <0.05.

tau

Cov Ntawv Qhia Txog Kev Ntseeg Dua

Muaj tsis muaj teeb meem sib txawv hauv cov laus, kev kawm thiab IQ. Kev ua si hauv internet hauv lub sij hawm (teev / hnub), IAT score thiab qhab nia BIS tau yooj yim dua hauv pawg neeg IGD dua hauv cov HCs (Cov Rooj (Table11).

Voxel-Wise Correlation Results

Voxel-txawj ntse correlation tsom ices tias, piv rau HCs, IGD cov tub ntxhais hluas tau qis correlations ntawm BIS tus qhab nia thiab GMV nyob rau hauv txoj cai dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), sab hauv OFC / insula, txoj cai amygdala thiab sab laug fusiform cortex (tsis kho p <0.005; pawg loj> 200 voxels; Cov lus Table2,2, Xam Figure11).

rooj 2 

Cov cheeb tsam uas qhia tau tias muaj cov kev ruaj khov tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm kev tsis sib luag nyob rau cov hluas thaum IGD nrog cov HCs.
Daim duab 1 

Hlwb thaj chaw uas qhia tias tsis muaj cov yam ntxwv tsis sib thooj ntawm impulsivity hauv IGD cov hluas thaum piv rau HCs. (A) dmPFC; (B) txoj cai OFC / Insula; (C) sab laug OFC / Insula; (D) txoj cai Amygdala; (E) sab laug Fusiform. GMV ntawm tag nrho cov pawg no pom kev sib raug zoo ...

Thaj Chaw Tshaj Xeeb Sab Nraud (ROI) Correlation Results

ROI-based correlation tsom pom kev sib raug zoo zoo ntawm GMV ntawm tag nrho cov pawg thiab BIS cov qhab nia hauv HCs, thaum tsis muaj kev sib txheeb sib txheeb ntau nyob hauv pawg IGD (Cov lus (Table3,3, Xam Figure11).

rooj 3 

Qhov sib txheeb ntawm GMV ntawm ROIs thiab BIS cov qhab-nees hauv cov hluas thiab cov HCs.

Region-Of-Interest (ROI) Grey Mater Volume (GMV) Cov Ntsiab Lus

Muaj tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv hauv GMV nyob rau hauv txoj cai dmPFC, ob leeg OFC / insula, txoj cai amygdala thiab sab laug fusiform cortex (Table (Table44).

rooj 4 

Sib piv ntawm GMV hauv ROIs ntawm IGD cov hluas thiab HCs.

kev sib tham

Hauv kev tshawb xyuas tam sim no, qhov sib txheeb ntawm GMV thiab impulsivity tau tshawb xyuas hauv cov hluas thaum IGD. Hloov cov kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb thiab GMV nyob rau hauv txoj cai dmPFC, tus sab nraud insula / OFC, txoj cai amygdala thiab cov laug fusiform gurus tau tshwm sim hauv IGD cov hluas thaum piv rau HCs.

Muaj ntau cov kev tshawb nrhiav txog neuroimaging qhia tias OFC thiab dmPFC tsis tsuas yog ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev coj cwj pwm tsis zoo tab sis kuj tau koom tes hauv kev tswj hwm tus kheej (Horn et al., ; Kringelbach thiab Yob, ; Ochsner li al., ; Yob, ; Amodio thiab Frith, ; Lemogne li al., ). Yav dhau los kev tshawb fMRI pom muaj kev cuam tshuam loj ntawm OFC thaum muaj kev cuam tshuam inhibition hauv kev noj qab nyob zoo, uas zoo sib xws rau qhov kev sib tw ntawm kev ua siab phem (Brown thiab al., ; Goya-Maldonado li al., ). Cov neeg mob uas haus dej cawv kuj pom tau tias muaj kev hloov ua kom haum rau hauv daim OFC thaum lub sijhawm teeb liab, uas yog txuam nrog tsis muaj kev tswj hwm thiab kev xav tsis zoo (Li li al., ). Txoj kev tshawb no yog qhia tias GMV ntawm dmPFC tau muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog txoj kev nrhiav tshiab uas yog hais txog tus neeg ntawd txoj kev coj tus cwj pwm coj hauv kev noj qab nyob zoo (Gardini li al., ). Nws kuj tau qhia tias dmPFC tau pom kev ua txawv txav thaum lub sij hawm ua tiav kev ua dej num uas pab cuam rau tus kheej tswj thiab impulse tswj kev ua nyob rau hauv compound nrog IGD piv nrog cov neeg noj qab nyob zoo (Meng et al., ). Tsis tas li ntawd, Cho li al. () thiab Antonucci li al. () tau tshaj tawm tias GMV ntawm dmPFC thiab OFC positively nrog BIS cov qhab nia ntawm kev noj qab haus huv thiab cov pab pawg neeg uas tsis yog psychotic neeg, feem ntau. Hauv kev ua nrog cov kev tshawb fawb no, peb txoj kev tshawb no kuj tau qhia zoo sib xws ntawm BIS cov qhab nia thiab GMV ntawm txoj cai dmPFC thiab hauv ob sab OFC hauv HCs. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj kev sib txheeb sib txheeb sib txawv ntawm qhov kev poob siab thiab kev ntsuas ntawm GMV ntawm txoj cai dmPFC thiab bilateral OFC hauv IGD cov hluas. Cov txiaj ntsig no tau hais tias qhov kev sib daj sib deev nyob rau hauv IGD cov hluas yog txuam nrog kev ua haujlwm lossis cov kev hloov hauv kev ua haujlwm hauv dmPFC thiab OFC uas muaj feem xyuam rau kev coj cwj pwm tsis zoo thiab kev tswj hwm tus kheej.

Nyob rau hauv peb txoj kev tshawb nrhiav, ob sab phlu insula pom hloov kho morphological correlations nrog impulsivity nyob IGD pab pawg. Insula belongs rau kev sib raug zoo network (Di Martino li al., ; Menon thiab Uddin, ; Cauda li al., ; Deen li al., ; Menon, ) thiab yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tswj hwm thiab kev saib xyuas siab (Menon thiab Uddin, ; Sharp li al., ). Horn li al. () tau tshaj tawm tias qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm qhov kev ua tau zoo yog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev ua ntawm tus neeg nyob hauv kev noj qab nyob zoo. Kev ua kom muaj zog ntawm insula kuj pom muaj nyob hauv cov tib neeg nrog IGD thaum lub sijhawm ua tiav cov kev paub txog cov kev xav tau zoo (Dong et al., ; Dong thiab Potenza, ). Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tshawb nrhiav qhov kev sib txuas lus qhia tias qhov insula pom tau tias muaj kev sib txuas nrog lub hlwb (xws li cov sab nrauv cingulated cortex, putamen, angular gyrus, precuneous, precentral gyrus thiab supplemental motor) uas tau koom hauv kev siab ntsws, kev saib xyuas tus kheej, thiab kev tswj lub zog hauv IGD cov kev kawm (Zhang thiab al., ). Cov kev tshwm sim no tau pom hais tias qhov kev sib txuas lus tsis zoo no yuav pab txhawb rau txoj kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm thiab kev ua haujlwm, uas ua rau muaj kev xav tsis sib haum xeeb hauv IGD cov ntsiab lus.

Nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no, kho cov qauv kev ruaj khov rau kev lam ua tau pom nyob rau hauv txoj cai amygdala thiab cov laug fusiform nyob hauv cov IGD cov hluas. Lub amygdala yog ib thaj chaw tseem ceeb rau kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm thiab kev xav / kev coj tus cwj pwm (Cisler thiab Olatunji, ; Gabard-Durnam li al., ). Ntxiv mus, tus amygdala tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev neural substrate rau txoj kev tswj ntawm tus neeg mob uas muaj kev quav yeeb tshuaj (Hill et al., ). Ib txoj kev tshawb no tsis ntev los no tau pom tias GM density ntawm bilateral amygdala tsis tshua muaj thiab kev sib txuas ntawm qhov prefrontal cortex / insula thiab cov amygdala tau nce ntxiv hauv IGD cov tib neeg, uas yuav sawv cev rau lawv txoj kev xav ntawm dsi (Ko et al., ). Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov fusiform gyrus tau koom nrog txoj kev xav ntawm kev xav hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm lub ntsej muag thiab nws tseem ceeb rau txoj kev xav ntawm kev xav (Weiner li al, ). Tawm ua ke, nws yog ib txoj hauv kev xa mus rau qhov kev hloov kho kev tswj hwm yuav ua rau kom muaj kev sib daj sib deev nyob hauv IGD cov hluas.

Nyob rau hauv peb txoj kev tshawb nrhiav, qhov sib haum ntawm qhov tsis sib haum xeeb thiab GMV hauv HCs yuav muaj feem xyuam nrog cov kev pabcuam ntxiv ntawm cov hlwb hauv kev tswj kev tswj fwm. Cov neeg uas muaj ntau dua qhov kev xav tau yuav tsum ua kom muaj kev sib zog ua kom tswj tau lawv tus cwj pwm, thiab ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev ua rau lub cev (Cho et al., ), GMV ntawm lub hlwb muaj feem xyuam nrog impulse tswj nce. Contrary to HCs, tsis muaj kev sib txheeb sib txawv hauv cov IGD cov tub ntxhais hluas, uas tau piav qhia raws li qhov kev them nyiaj rau lub HCs uas tsis ua rau hauv cov IGD cov hluas. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum tau hais tias tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv hauv GMV ntawm txoj cai dmPFC, bilateral OFC / insula, txoj cai amygdala thiab sab laug fusiform cortex, uas yuav qhia tau tias cov IGD cov tub ntxhais hluas tau kawm nyob rau hauv peb txoj kev tshawb no tseem nyob rau ntawm thaum ntxov theem ntawm IGD thiab cov kev hloov ntawm cov yam ntxwv tau hloov dhau los ua kom pom nrog VBM txoj kev. Ntxiv mus, nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau kev txiav txim seb puas zoo rau kev sib deev hauv cov IGD cov tub ntxhais hluas yog vim qhov kev hloov tsis txuam nrog txoj kev loj hlob los yog theem nrab ntawm IGD nrog txoj kev tshawb fawb no. Ib txoj kev kawm ntev yog qhov yuav pab tau kom pom qhov kev sib raug zoo no. Lwm cov kev txwv yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no. Ua ntej, li ob peb cov poj niam lossis lwm pab pawg hnub nyoog tau pom IGD, tsuas yog cov txiv neej hluas xwb tau nrhiav tau hauv peb txoj kev tshawb nrhiav. Cov kev tshawb nrhiav tam sim no yuav tsum raug xam tias yog rau cov txiv neej hluas nrog IGD, thiab yav tom ntej cov kev tshawb fawb yuav tsum tau ua nyob hauv cov poj niam thiab lwm pab pawg hnub nyoog. Qhov thib ob, qhov qis me me tsuas pub lub zog sib txawv xwb; qhov kev txheeb xyuas yuav tsum tau lees paub los ntawm kev kawm ntxiv nrog tus qauv loj dua.

Thaum xaus, qhov kev sib haum xeeb ntawm qhov kev sib haum xeeb thiab qhov GMV hauv dmPFC, OFC, insula, amygdala thiab fusiform nyob rau hauv IGD cov hluas qhia tias dysregulation nyob rau hauv lub hlwb tes hauj lwm cuam tshuam rau tus cwj pwm inhibition, mloog thiab xav tswj hwm yuav ua rau lub siab impulsivity nyob rau hauv IGD cov hluas.

Sau cov tswv yim

XD, YY, XL thiab QZ tsim kev tshawb fawb; XD, XQ, PG, YZ, GD thiab QZ tau tshawb nrhiav; YY, PG tau koom tes nrog kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas; XD, YZ, GD, WQ, thiab QZ tshawb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv; XD, YZ, XL, YY thiab QZ tau sau tsab xov xwm.

Teebmeem ntawm Cov Lus Qhia Txaus

Cov sau phau ntawv tshaj tawm tias qhov kev tshawb fawb tau ua thaum tsis muaj kev lag luam los yog nyiaj txiag kev sib raug zoo uas yuav raug txwv tsis pub muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev txaus siab.

Glossary

abbreviations

BISBarratt impulsiveness scale-11
dmPFCfractional anisotropy
GMgrey teeb meem
GMVgray teeb meem ntim
HCskev noj qab haus huv tswj
IATKev sib tw hauv internet
IGDinternet gaming teeb meem
IQKev Ntsuas Lus
ofcorbitofrontal cortex
ROIcheeb tsam ntawm kev txaus siab
VBMvoxel-based morphometric.

Tshooj ntawv

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