Cov Cwj Pwm Ntawm Kev Sib Tham hauv Internet / Cov Kev Siv Hauv Internet uas siv hauv US University Cov Tub Ntxhais Kawm Ntawv: Tus Txheej Txheem Zoo (2015)

Nuj nqis

 

Citation: Li W, O'Brien JE, Snyder SM, Howard MO (2015) Cov Cwj Pwm ntawm Kev Siv Is Taws Nem / Kev Siv Kab Mob Siv Internet hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas Cov Tub Ntxhais Kawm: Kev Tshawb Fawb Qhov Kev Ntsuas. PLOS ONE 10 (2): e0117372. doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0117372

Tus tuav ntaub ntawv: Aviv M. Weinstein, University of Ariel, ISRAEL

Tau txais: Cuaj hlis 29, 2014; Tau txais: Hlis 21, 2014; Luam tawm Lub ob hlis ntuj 3, 2015

Copyright: © 2015 Li li al. Nov yog kev qhib nkag mus saib cov ntsiab lus xa tuaj nyob rau hauv nqe lus ntawm Creative Commons Attribution Licence, uas tso cai siv, kev faib khoom, thiab kev tsim tawm hauv txhua qhov nruab nrab, los ntawm tus thawj tus kws sau ntawv thiab qhov chaw muaj npe

Cov Ntaub Ntawv Muaj Peev Xwm: Txhua cov ntaub ntawv hais txog a) cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov neeg tuaj koom thiab b) cov lus teb ntawm ob tus qauv ntsuas tau raug qhia nyob hauv S1, S2, Thiab S3 Ntxhuav. Tag nrho ntawm 42 cov lus los ntawm 4 cov pab pawg sib tham uas tau siv los tsim cov ntsiab lus kawm muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv sau cia. Muaj ib feem ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hais txog pawg sau sib txawv uas cuam tshuam rau cov ntsiab lus tsim nyog tau muaj thaum thov rau thawj tus sau lossis tus sau sib nug.

Nyiaj: Cov sau phau ntawv tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa lossis nyiaj txiag los tshaj tawm.

Kev nyiam kev sib tw: Cov sau phau ntawv tau tshaj tawm tias tsis muaj kev sib tw txaus siab.

Introduction

Txhua tiam neeg yuav tsum paub ntau dua thiab muaj kev cia siab rau hauv Is Taws Nem. Tus naj npawb ntawm Asmeskas Asmeskas cov neeg siv nce 257% nruab nrab ntawm 2000 thiab 2012 [1]. Hauv 2012, Pew Tshawb Fawb Lub Chaw Tshawb Fawb Hauv Is Taws Nem & Asmeskas Lub Neej Kev Tshawb Fawb tau qhia tias kwv yees li 90% ntawm Asmeskas cov tub ntxhais hluas thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas hnub nyoog 12 thiab 30 xyoo tau nkag hauv Is Taws Nem [2]. Cov tub ntxhais kawm nyob hauv tsev kawm qib siab yog qhov zoo dua rau cov neeg siv dav dav siv Is Taws Nem: Ze li ntawm 100% ntawm Asmeskas cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv tsev kawm qib siab siv Is Taws Nem hauv 2010 [3]. Cov kev siv Internet dav dav muaj peev xwm muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau tib neeg los ntawm kev txhim kho lawv cov kev nkag mus rau ntau cov ntaub ntawv thiab tsim txoj hauv kev rau kev sib txuas lus thiab kev lom zem4, 5]. Txawm li cas los xij, kev siv Is Taws Nem nkag mus rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub yog qhov teeb meem loj heev rau cov neeg nce ntxiv, nce mus rau theem ntawm Pathological Internet siv (PIU) los yog kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Internet (IA), thiab nqa lub txim tsis zoo sib xws rau lwm cov kev coj cwj pwm [6-9].

Kev Siv Tswv Yim ntawm IA / PIU

Raws li kev siv Is Taws Nem tau nthuav dav, yog li muaj ntawv qhia ntawm IA / PIU. Hauv cov ntawv nyeem sai sai hauv thaj chaw no, cov ntsiab lus sib txawv tau siv xa mus rau cov qauv ua rau muaj qhov ua tsis ncaj ncees ntawm kev siv Is Taws Nem ntau dhau. Qhov tseeb tshaj plaws, teeb meem siv Is Taws Nem hais tias "Kev Siv Is Taws Nem Tsis Hais" los yog "Kev Siv Is Taws Nem", txhais tias "tsis muaj peev xwm tswj hwm ib qho kev siv Is Taws Nem uas ua rau muaj qhov tsis zoo hauv lub neej niaj hnub [10, 11]. ”Lub ntsiab txhais no yog hais txog cov hauv kev ua kom muaj cov cim thiab tsos mob ntawm IA kom zoo sib xws rau kev siv tshuaj yeeb dej cawv thiab cov teeb meem kev twv txiaj pathological. Tshwj xeeb, cov tsos mob ntawm IA suav nrog: a) txhawj xeeb nrog kev ua haujlwm hauv Is Taws Nem; b) ua siab ntev zuj zus; c) kev txhim kho kev mob siab ntsws thiab kev thim rov qab; d) tsis muaj peev xwm los txo siv Internet; e) Siv Is Taws Nem siv los daws cov kev xav tsis zoo thiab txo kev ntxhov siab; thiab f) hloov lwm yam dej num thiab kev sib raug zoo nrog kev siv Is Taws Nem siv txuas ntxiv txawm hais tias paub txog qhov ua txhaum [9, 10].

Lwm tus theorists tawm tswv yim pom cov tsos mob no sib txawv. Rau cov theorists, cov tsos mob cuam tshuam nrog teeb meem hauv Is Taws Nem hais tias "Kev Nkag Mus Siv Internet." Kev siv Internet tsis yooj yim yog lub tswv yim zoo ib yam li qhov kev xav tsis zoo uas tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dua li qhov muaj yees [12]. Tseem muaj lwm tus theorists paub txog txuas ntxiv ntawm qhov tsis raug teeb meem nyob rau Is Taws Nem, feem ntau hu ua “Pathological Internet Use” los yog “Teeb Meem Siv Internet.” Rau cov theorists, PIU yog cov tswv yim siv cov tswv yim kev txawj ntse thiab kev coj cwj pwm, thiab txhais tau tias raug daws mechanism rau kev ntxhov siab thiab lub siab lub ntsws, ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hlwb [13-15].

Cov Cuab Yeej Siv uas ntsuas thiab tshuaj xyuas IA / PIU

Muaj ntau yam twj paj nruag tau tsim kho kom coj mus ntsuam xyuas IA / PIU raws li kev xav qauv sib txawv. Ntau yam ntawm cov ntaus nqi ntsuas, cov lus nug, thiab cov txheej txheem kuaj mob tau raug saws los ntawm DSM-IV-TR kuaj cov ntsiab lus rau kev quav tshuaj yeeb tshuaj thiab kab mob kev twv txiaj [16]. Piv txwv ntawm cov kev ntsuas no yog Young's Diagnostic Questionnaire [10, 17], Cov Kev Ntsuam Xyuas mob tshwm sim ntawm Kev Nkag Siab Siv Internet [11], thiab Siv Is Taws Nem Daws Teeb Meem Kev Ntsuas Xyuas [18]. Lwm yam twj paj nruag tau tsim los siv cov qauv kev nkag siab thiab kev coj ua thiab ntsuas kev paub txog kev ua haujlwm hauv Is Taws Nem thiab kev ua haujlwm. Piv txwv ntawm cov kev ntsuas no suav nrog Kev Tsim Kho Cov Teeb Meem Siv Internet siv [19] thiab Online Txawj Teev [20]. Kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Internet tam sim no tsis raug lees paub tias yog kev kuaj mob hauv DSM-5; txawm li cas los xij, cov kev kuaj mob tshiab rau Internet Gaming Disorder (subtype ntawm kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Internet) tau nkag mus rau Tshooj III ntawm DSM-5 [21], uas suav nrog cov kev qhia ua ntu zus ntawm cov kev puas siab ntsws uas xav tau kev tshawb fawb txuas ntxiv.

Qhov sib txawv ntawm IA / PIU raug ntsuas thoob plaws cov kev ntsuas no sib tshooj ntau nrog cov tshuaj sib txawv ntawm cov kev kuaj mob, xws li kev txheeb ze (xws li, kev cia siab ntawm thiab paub xav txog kev siv Is Taws Nem), kev nkag siab (piv txwv li, nce sijhawm siv sijhawm hauv Is Taws Nem kom ua tiav tib theem kev txaus siab), cov tsos mob tshem tawm, tsis muaj kev tswj hwm, thiab siv Is Taws Nem los tswj kev mob siab22]. Txawm li cas los xij, kev mob siab thiab pib ua rau muaj teeb meem siv Internet, thiab kev nqhis rau kev siv Is Taws Nem tsis tshua raug tshuaj xyuas [22]. Ntxiv mus, cov twj paj nruag no feem ntau siv cov cuab yeej txiav tawm tsis raug rau qhov ntsuas IA / PIU, thiab yog li ntawd nws tsis paub meej yuav ua li cas kho mob cais cov teeb meem siv Internet ntawm cov neeg siv ib txwm.

Dhau ntawm IA / PIU

Tshaj tawm hauv Is Taws Nem tej zaum yuav ua rau muaj kev siv internet pathological ntau ntxiv thiab kev muaj tiag ntawm kev siv Internet. Raws li ntau li 6% rau 11% ntawm cov neeg siv Is Taws Nem hauv Asmeskas yog kwv yees tias muaj IA / PIU [7]. Cov tub ntxhais kawm tej zaum yuav muaj kev pheej hmoo loj rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm IA / PIU cov teeb meem vim tias qhov kev nthuav dav ntawm kev siv Is Taws Nem nyob hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas hauv Asmeskas hauv kaum xyoo dhau los [6]. Kev nkag mus siv Is Taws Nem nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv thaj chaw, kev ywj pheej ntawm tus kheej thiab lub sijhawm tsis tsim nyog, thiab kev kawm / kev sib tw ntau cov tub ntxhais kawm tau dhau los thaum lawv tawm hauv tsev thawj zaug tag nrho pab txhawb kev nce nqi ntawm IA / PIU [8, 23].

Cov kev tshawb fawb tawm tsam tsis ntev los no qhia tias IA / PIU cuam tshuam kwv yees li 1.2% rau 26.3% ntawm Asmeskas cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv [24-31]. Feem ntau ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los xaiv cov qauv los ntawm ib lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab. Ob peb txoj kev tshawb no nrhiav cov qauv los ntawm ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv los ntawm kev faib cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb los ntawm tsev kawm ntawv email cov npe lossis social media. Peb qhov kev tshawb fawb tau soj ntsuam IA / PIU raws li DSM-IV cov qauv rau kev siv tshuaj thiab pom qhov feem pua ​​ntawm IA / PIU ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv Asmeskas cov tsev kawm yog 1.2% rau 26.3% [11, 25, 28]. Lwm qhov kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias 4% rau 12% ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv tsev kawm qib siab tau raws li cov txheej txheem rau IA / PIU siv Kev Tshuaj Ntsuam Kev Siv Internet [24, 29, 30]. Ib txoj kev tshawb nrhiav pom 8.1% ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm Asmeskas hauv tsev kawm qib siab tau txais cov qauv rau kev siv Internet pathological siv Pathological Siv Nplai [31]. Moreno et al. kev rov tshuaj xyuas dua ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb qhia txog IA / PIU kev nthuav dav rau cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv Asmeskas cov tsev kawm ntawv tau pom tias 6 ntawm 8 kev tshawb fawb qhia kwv yees ntau dua 8% [27]. Cov ntawv nyeem tseem qhia tias kev nthuav dav ntawm IA / PIU ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm Asmeskas yog muaj raws li cov lus qhia zoo sib xws los ntawm Tuam Tshoj, Tim Nkij teb chaws, Tebchaws Askiv, thiab Qaib Cov Txwv [32-35].

Correlates thiab Kev Coj Tsis Zoo ntawm IA / PIU

Cov ntawv nyeem thoob ntiaj teb dav dav muaj cov ntaub ntawv sau ua pov thawj tsis zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub cev thiab lub hlwb kev cuam tshuam nrog IA / PIU. Cov tib neeg uas raug kev txom nyem los ntawm IA / PIU pov thawj ntxiv teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv ntau dua, xws li kev rog dhau thiab rog dhau vim tsis muaj kev qoj ib ce thiab pw tsis txaus [36, 37]; cov teeb meem kev mob hlwb, suav nrog cov tsos mob depressive, somatic thiab kev ntxhov siab hauv zej zog, thiab saib xyuas kev tiv thaiv tsis txaus siab-hyperactivity tsis meej (ADHD) [38-41]; kev coj zoo li kev npau taws thiab kev xav-nrhiav [42, 43]; cov leeg puas hlwb [44, 45]; teeb meem coj tus cwj pwm, suav nrog kev siv tshuaj txhaum cai, tus cwj pwm tus kheej raug mob, thiab kev xav tua tus kheej thiab sim46, 47]; lub tsev kawm tsis zoo thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo [29]; thiab teeb meem ntau ntxiv nrog kev sib raug zoo ntawm tus kheej piv rau lawv cov neeg ua haujlwm tsis muaj IA / PIU [48].

Cov ntaub ntawv sib cav tau qhia tias ntau tus tub ntxhais kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv raug mob los ntawm ntau yam teebmeem kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev puas hlwb vim yog IA / PIU. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb txog IA / PIU hauv Asmeskas cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv tsev kawm qib siab tau ua nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb ntau yam. Txawm hais tias cov kev tshawb fawb ntau ntau muaj cov kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb thiab kev tshawb fawb uas cuam tshuam, lawv ib txwm ua tsis tiav rau qhov ntsiab lus tseeb ntawm IA / PIU. Yog tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus no, cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb, nrog rau cov txiaj ntsig thiab cov qauv ntawm kev siv, tau ploj mus tsis qhia npe. Ntxiv rau, nws tsis paub meej los ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb muaj ntau ntau qhov twg lub cev thiab lub hlwb txoj kev rau txim rau cov tib neeg pom muaj qhov tshwm sim ntau tshaj plaws thiab yog li nws yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau lub hom phiaj thaum kho.

Kev Kawm Tshaj Lij

Txhawm rau daws qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb no, peb pawg kws tshawb fawb tau ua qhov kev tshawb nrhiav kev tshawb nrhiav qhov zoo los tshawb xyuas ntau yam teeb meem cuam tshuam txog IA / PIU suav nrog keeb kwm keeb kwm ntawm IA / PIU teeb meem; muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau ntau tus, kev sib raug zoo, thiab thaj chaw yam muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm kev siv Is Taws Nem; cov qauv nyiam ntawm Is Taws Nem kev ua si; thiab cov kev mob hlwb, kev xav tsis meej, thiab kev mob nkeeg ntawm kev siv Is Taws Nem ntau. Tshawb pom ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo no yuav muab cov duab ntxaws ntxaws txog IA / PIU hauv cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv tsev kawm qib siab uas yuav pab peb paub txog cov txiaj ntsig tau los ntawm kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los thiab tshawb pom tag nrho cov kev cuam tshuam txog IA / PIU hauv Asmeskas cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv tsev kawm.

txoj kev

Peb tau siv cov txheej txheem tshawb nrhiav zoo nrog rau plaub pawg tsom kwm kom tau cov lus piav qhia zoo ntawm IA / PIU los ntawm 27 cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv tsev kawm. Cov neeg koom nrog kev xaiv rau cov pab pawg tsom xam tau ua nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub Peb Hlis thiab Plaub Hlis, 2012. Cov neeg koom raug faib rau ib ntawm plaub pawg tsom kwm raws li lawv muaj. Thaum kawg txhua pawg tsom kwm muaj 6 participants 8 cov neeg koom, thiab tau siv sijhawm ntev li ib teev. Cov ntaub ntawv piav qhia tau khaws thaum pawg tsom kwm los piav qhia txog cov koom ntawm kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev siv Is Taws Nem.

Cov pab pawg tsom xam yog ua cov pab pawg sib tham ntawm ib lossis ntau lub ncauj lus nrog cov neeg koom nrog kev paub zoo sib xws thiab / lossis cov uas muaj ntaub ntawv thiab kev paub txog cov ncauj lus sib tham [49]. Peb tau siv txoj hauv kev hauv pawg kev kawm no vim tias: a) cov pej xeem lub hom phiaj, cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv tsev kawm qib siab uas qhia tus kheej tias yog neeg siv Internet tshaj tawm, tuaj yeem muab kev qhia ncaj qha thiab kev paub txog lawv kev siv Is Taws Nem; thiab b) kev sib tham hauv ib pawg yog ua kom muaj ntau yam lus qhia zoo thaum cov kev sib tham pab pawg neeg txhawb cov neeg koom los qhia txog lawv tus kheej thiab kev xav raws li txoj kev uas tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam thiab tsis nruj ntawm cov ncauj lus nyuaj [50].

Tsom cov Khoom Siv Pawg thiab Kev Ntsuas

Cov ntaub ntawv tsom xam pab pawg muaj 22 qhib cov lus nug thiab cov cuab yeej ntsuas lub hom phiaj (S1 Ntawv)). Cov pab pawg sab laj tau sib tham ua ntu haujlwm, nrog tus kws qhia ntawv nug cov lus nug kom tau qhib muaj. Cov lus qhia txog kev sib tham hauv pab pawg tau tsim thiab kho kom zoo los ntawm cov neeg soj ntsuam raws li cov hom phiaj tshawb xyuas, qhov muaj tseeb theories, thiab kev sim sib tw. Cov teeb meem loj tau tshawb hauv cov pawg tsom xam muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog a) cov neeg siv kev paub siv Is Taws Nem, xws li cov haujlwm hauv online uas lawv mob siab rau lub sijhawm, vim li cas lawv nyiam qhov haujlwm ntawd, qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov sijhawm lawv siv nyob hauv Is Taws Nem txhua hnub, thiab lub sijhawm ntev tshaj plaws. lawv tau siv Is Taws Nem hauv ib qho kev nruam ntawm kev siv; b) cuam tshuam rau yam tsis zoo, cuam tshuam txog ntawm tus kheej thiab cheeb tsam uas ua rau muaj kev siv Is Taws Nem; thiab c) Qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo ntawm kev siv Internet ntau ntxiv, suav daws tsis zoo rau lub cev, lub hlwb, kev sib raug zoo thiab kev ua neej zoo. Peb tau ua qhov sib tham tob txog ib leeg nrog rau tus tub ntxhais kawm hauv tsev kawm qib siab los sim cov lus nug uas peb tau siv tom qab ua pab pawg.

Young Cov Lus Nug Kev Tshuaj Xyuas (YDQ) [10] thiab Kev Siv Internet Siv Compulsive (CIUS) [51] tau ua haujlwm los ntsuas IA / PIU thiab siv tau tub ntxhais kawm qhov ua pov thawj tus kheej uas yog teeb meem siv Is Taws Nem. Peb tau xaiv YDQ vim tias nws yog cov lus nug luv luv thiab siv dav hauv cov ntawv nyeem txuas ntxiv txhawm rau tshuaj xyuas qhov muaj ntau thiab qhov sib cuam tshuam ntawm IA / PIU ntawm cov hluas thiab cov hluas (Li li al., 2014). Kev siv qhov ntsuas tib yam li cov kev tshawb fawb dhau los no ua rau peb piv tau peb cov kev tshawb pom rau cov neeg hauv cov ntawv luam tawm. Peb pab neeg tau xaiv los ua khub YDQ nrog daim CIUS vim tias CIUS tsim los ntsuas cov qauv zoo ib yam li YDQ; txawm li cas los xij, CIUS nthuav qhia cov khoom lub hlwb zoo dua [51]. Qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev siv ob txoj kev ntsuas, ib feem, yog ntxiv dag zog rau qhov tseeb ntawm qhov tshwm sim los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv triangulation. YDQ thiab CIUS tau dav siv ua haujlwm los tshawb xyuas qhov tsis muaj thiab kev ncaj ncees ntawm IA / PIU. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj ib qho kev raug txiav tawm tau los ua ib qho kev soj ntsuam mob ntsig txog IA / PIU siv cov kev ntsuas no. Yog li, tsis muaj kev kuaj pom tau hauv qhov kev tshawb fawb no.

YDQ tau txais yuav los ntawm DSM-IV-TR cov txheej txheem rau kev twv txiaj pathological kev tsis txaus siab, suav nrog 8 cov lus nug uas ntsuas cov cim thiab cov tsos mob ntawm IA / PIU suav nrog kev txhawj xeeb, kev tso siab, zam lub siab, tshem tawm cov tsos mob thiab kev puas hlwb ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hlwb [10]. Cov neeg koom nrog teb "tau" rau 5 lossis ntau cov lus nug tau pom tias muaj IA, qhov kev sib tham no 3 lossis 4 cov qauv tau pom tias muaj "ntu pib ntu IA" [52]. Qhov kev cia siab ntawm sab hauv ntawm YDQ nyob rau hauv qhov kev kawm no yog .69.

CIUS suav nrog 14 cov khoom ntsuas ntawm 5-point Likert-hom nplai, suav txij 0 (yeej tsis) txog 4 (feem ntau heev). Lub CIUS ntsuas qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm kev yuam / siv ntau yam hauv kev siv Is Taws Nem, suav nrog kev tswj tsis tau, ua kom lub siab tsis ncaj, tsis muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb, tsis sib haum xeeb, tshem tawm cov tsos mob, thiab siv Is Taws Nem los daws cov teeb meem thiab kev xav tsis txaus siab. Cov qhab nia siab dua qhia tias muaj kev hnyav ntawm kev siv compulsive Internet ntau dua. CIUS muaj kev ntseeg tau nyob sab hauv kwv yees li ntawm .90 [51]. Hauv qhov kev kawm no, CIUS muaj α = .92. Guertler thiab cov npoj yaig tau pom zoo siv kev txiav cov qhab nia ntawm ≥ 21 rau kev kwv yees ntawm kev siv Internet muaj teeb meem [53].

Nqe Kev Ncaj Ncees

Cov kev tshawb fawb no tau pom zoo los ntawm University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill Institutional Review Board thiab ua tiav raws li Kev Tshaj Tawm ntawm Helsinki. Daim ntawv pom zoo tau txais los ntawm tag nrho cov neeg koom ua ntej pawg neeg tsis sib haum xeeb pib.

Cov neeg koom

Peb pab neeg tau siv lub hom phiaj kev coj ua uas yog los ntawm kev xaiv cov neeg uas kawm tiav lossis kawm tiav qib siab cuv npe hauv ib lub tsev kawm ntawv loj nyob rau sab qab teb tebchaws Asmeskas. Cov hom phiaj siv tau raug xaiv nrog cov hom phiaj hauv qab no: los tsim cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm muaj txiaj ntsig txog kev siv Is Taws Nem ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm uas txheeb xyuas tus kheej li cov siv Is Taws Nem khov kho, txheeb xyuas cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev siv Is Taws Nem ntawm cov neeg siv Is Taws Nem ntau, thiab tshawb xyuas ob lub cev thiab lub hlwb ntawm kev siv Internet heev.

Tus email nrhiav neeg raug faib tawm ntawm tsev kawm ntawv qeb npe. Lub tsev kawm ntawv qeb npe suav nrog txhua tus tseem kawm qib siab thiab kawm tiav, cov tub ntxhais kawm sib pauv, thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm yav dhau los (kawm tiav hauv 2 xyoo dhau los). Hauv email hauv pawg kws tshawb fawb tau qhia txog lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb, kawm kev koom nrog kev xav tau, thiab txheeb xyuas pab pawg kev tshawb fawb raws li cov neeg ua haujlwm sib raug zoo ua haujlwm rau Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Social Work. Cov neeg koom nrog teb qhov kev lees paub email uas tau kawm tiav tam sim no lossis cov tub ntxhais kawm qib siab cuv npe hauv tsev kawm qib siab, qhia tus kheej tias yog cov siv Internet hnyav, uas tau tshaj tawm spent 25 teev / vas thiv hauv Is Taws Nem rau cov tsis muaj tsev kawm lossis tsis ua haujlwm, thiab leej twg ntsib ib lossis ntau qhov teeb meem lub cev thiab / lossis teeb meem lub hlwb los ntawm kev siv Is Taws Nem ntau dhau lawm tau muaj kev koom rau kev kawm kev koom tes. Lub cev thiab / lossis teeb meem teebmeem kev xav tau txhob txwm ua qhov tsis zoo rau kev suav nrog (piv txwv li, daim ntawv qhia txog txhua yam teeb meem lub neej uas tus neeg koom nrog ua rau lawv siv Is Taws Nem) ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv dav hauv cov kev paub dhau los nrog kev siv Is Taws Nem.

Ntau tshaj 30 tus tub ntxhais kawm tau teb rau email hauv ob xuaj moos tom qab kev tshawb nrhiav thiab qhia tias muaj lub siab xav koom nrog txoj kev tshawb no. Coob tus tub ntxhais kawm tau qhia tias lawv tau siv Is Taws Nem> 40 xuaj moos nyob rau ib lub lim tiam rau qhov tsis yog kawm ntawv lossis tsis ua haujlwm, thiab cuam tshuam ntau yam ntawm lub cev thiab lub hlwb vim yog siv Internet ntau. Los ntawm kev teb raws li kev pib kev lees paub email, peb caug-cuaj tus tub ntxhais kawm tau pom zoo los koom nrog pawg tsom kwm. Pawg neeg tshawb fawb tau teb hauv email los teem sijhawm sijhawm nrog txhua 39 tus neeg teb, thiab paub tseeb tias lub sijhawm nrog tus email thib ob. Kaum ob tus tub ntxhais kawm tsis tuaj koom lawv pawg neeg tsis paub vim li cas. Yog li, plaub pawg tau tuav nrog 27 tus tub ntxhais kawm. Cov neeg koom raug muab faib ua ib qho ntawm plaub pawg kev sib ntsib raws li lawv muaj. Yam ntxwv raug qhia nyob rau hauv rooj 1Cov. Lub hnub nyoog nruab nrab ntawm cov neeg tuaj koom yog 21 (SD = 3.6), suav txij 18 txog 36. Feem ntau (63.0%, N = 17) ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm yog poj niam thiab cov qauv piv txwv yog ntau haiv neeg. Li hais hauv rooj 1, cov neeg tuaj koom sawv cev rau 11 cov tswv yim loj hauv tsev kawm, thiab 72.5% (N = 20) tau kawm tiav qib siab.

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Rooj 1. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm 27 Cov Tub Ntxhais Kawm Hauv Tsev Kawm Ntawv Uas Qhia Txog Tus Kheej Kev Siv Is Taws Nem.

doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0117372.txt

Cov ntaub ntawv Collection

Plaub pawg tsom kwm tau ua nyob hauv chav sib tham hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Txhua pawg tsom mus ntev li ib teev. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg tuaj koom txhua pab pawg nyob ntawm 6 txog 8, kom paub tseeb tias ntau cov tswv yim thiab cov tswv yim sawv cev. Tus sau kawg txhawb txhua pawg kom pom tseeb. Thawj tus kws sau nrog tus sau kawg thiab muaj lub luag haujlwm sau ntawv thaum txhua pab pawg tsom xam. Cov lus sau ntxiv rau cov ntaub ntawv sau tseg ntawm cov lus pom kev hloov pauv ntawm cov neeg koom nrog “lub cev lus” lossis lwm yam kev sib txuas lus. Lub xub ntiag ntawm ntau tus neeg saib xyuas ntawm cov pab pawg sib tham tau tso cai rau kev soj ntsuam lub zog ua ke los txhim kho kev ntseeg tau thiab muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov kev tshawb pom tshwm sim los ntawm cov pab pawg sib tham [54]. Ua ntej txhua pab pawg tsom kwm, cov neeg tuaj koom ua tiav YDQ, CIUS, thiab kev tshawb fawb ib ntus ntawm kev ua neej. Thaum tham txog cov pab pawg, cov neeg tuaj teb tau cov lus nug ntsig txog lawv qhov kev siv Is Taws Nem thiab kev nkag siab ntawm lawv tus kheej muaj teeb meem siv Is Taws Nem.

Cov ntaub ntawv Analysis

Cov tib neeg ntawm cov neeg sau ntawv tau muab cov lus hais qhia, thiab tshawb xyuas qhov tseeb los ntawm txhua tus neeg sau. Tsis muaj software dab tsi los pab siv coding lossis kev sau ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Peb tus kws tshuaj ntsuam tau teeb tsa cov lej mus rau hauv cov kaus thiab cov subcodes (piv txwv li, ib tsob ntoo code). Ua ntej, cov cim tsim tawm los ntawm cov hom phiaj tshawb fawb thiab tshaj tawm cov lus ceeb toom uas tau coj cov kev tshawb fawb (piv txwv li, kev tshawb pom tshawb pom hais txog kev cuam tshuam thiab qhov cuam tshuam ntawm IA / PIU). Tom qab ntawd, peb tau saib xyuas dua thiab rov kho qhov tswv yim-tsav cov lej hauv cov ntsiab lus teb, muab cov lej nrog cov ntawv sau thiab cov ntsiab lus txhais ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raw. Ntxiv mus, raws li DeCuir-Gunby li al. cov lus pom zoo [55], kev ua lej thib ob tau los nyob ntawm theem ntawm lub ntsiab lus los ntawm cov txheej txheem kev siv cov ntaub ntawv, ua kom cov lej tsim nyob rau ntawm kab lus thiab ntu lus. Hauv cov kab lis kev cai no, peb tau tshawb nrhiav thiab txheeb xyuas cov ntsiab lus tshiab thiab cov kev xav sib txawv uas tau tshwm sim los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis tau ntes los ntawm txoj kev xav ntawm cov lej, thiab txiav txim siab yog tias txoj kev xav ntawm cov lej xav tau kom nthuav dav lossis ib qho kev cai tshiab ntxiv kom tsim tau.

Ib qho ntawm cov neeg kawm txoj kev kawm no tshawb xyuas nws tus kheej thiab rov sau cov cim sau cov tub ntxhais kawm siv cov qauv muab los txhim kho kev ntseeg tau thiab siv tau ntawm kev tshawb pom los ntawm kev sib cais kev sib cais [54]. Cov kev cai tsis sib xws ntawm cov kws sau ntawv raug daws los ntawm kev sib tham thiab pom zoo. Cov qauv tau txheeb xyuas thiab cais ua ke los ntawm txhua tus neeg tshawb xyuas, txog thaum qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam pom tias sib hloov thiab khov kho. Cov hau kev los txhim kho qhov tsis yooj yim ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb suav nrog kev siv cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm kev siv ntau tshaj ib txoj kev los sau cov ntaub ntawv zoo sib xws (piv txwv li, siv ob daim ntawv tshaj tawm kev ntsuas tus kheej, ntsuas cov lus nug ntawm kev siv yav dhau los). Ib qho ntxiv, kev tawm rooj sib tham tsis tu ncua thiab kev sib tham ntawm cov pab pawg neeg tshawb fawb tau pab kom muaj txiaj ntsig cov ntsiab lus ntawm txhua tus lej thiab cov ntaub ntawv tsis zoo tshuaj xyuas [54].

tau

Cov Qauv Tshaj Tawm

Cov neeg koom nrog piav qhia lawv tus qauv tam sim no ntawm kev siv Is Taws Nem nrog rau txhua hnub lawv siv nyob rau Is Taws Nem thiab lub sijhawm ntev tshaj plaws uas lawv tau siv Is Taws Nem hauv ib ntu txuas ntxiv ntawm kev siv. Qhov sijhawm ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm tau tshaj tawm txog kev siv nyiaj txhua hnub nyob rau Internet li ntawm 5 teev mus rau "txhua hnub," vim tias siv cov khoom siv txawb (piv txwv li, smartphones thiab tablet computers) nrog cov ntaub ntawv npog (piv txwv, "Kuv xav zoo li kuv hauv xov tooj txhua lub sijhawm tshawb xyuas tas li ”). Coob tus neeg tuaj koom tau sau tseg tias lawv tsis tuaj yeem paub qhov sib txawv ntawm lub sijhawm tau siv Is Taws Nem ua haujlwm rau tsev kawm ntawv lossis ua haujlwm ntsig txog los ntawm kev siv rau qhov tsis yog tsev kawm ntawv / tsis-ua haujlwm ntsig txog (piv txwv, “Yog tias kuv sau ntawv, tom qab ntawd kuv tau qhib kuv lub browser, lossis kuv muaj rau ntawm kuv lub xov tooj ”). Lub sijhawm ntev tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg tuaj koom qhia txog kev siv nyiaj hauv Is Taws Nem hauv ib ntu txuas ntxiv los ntawm 3 teev rau txhua hnub (xws li, "Ib zaug nws lub caij ntuj sov, Kuv yuav nyob ntawm nws [Is Taws Nem], zoo li, ib hnub tag nrho"). Nyob rau hauv cov kev cobqhia no, cov tuaj koom tau piav qhia txog cov kev ua si sib txawv nrog rau kev yuav khoom hauv online, kev saib yeeb yaj kiab, thiab kev tshawb xyuas lub website. Lwm tus tuaj koom piav qhia txog kev siv daim ntawv thov tshwj xeeb rau lub sijhawm ntev, suav nrog kev ua si video games thiab saib cov vis dis aus (e.g., TV qhia thiab tsos) hauv Is Taws Nem.

Lub hnub nyoog ntawm cov neeg tuaj koom tau tshaj tawm tias lawv tau nkag mus rau Internet nyob ntawm 6 txog 19, muaj hnub nyoog nruab nrab ntawm 9 (SD = 2.7). Lub hnub nyoog ntawm cov koom nrog tau tshaj tawm lawv thawj xav tias lawv muaj teeb meem nrog kev siv internet ntau dhau los ntawm 10 txog 32, nrog lub hnub nyoog nruab nrab thaum pib ntawm cov teeb meem ntawm 16 (SD = 4.3). rooj 2 qhia txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov neeg tuaj koom qhia tus kheej IA / PIU.

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Rooj 2. Kev Siv Is Taws Nem ntawm 27 Cov Neeg Koom Rau Tus Kheej Tshaj Tawm Txog Qhov Teeb Meem Siv Internet.

doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0117372.txt

Yuav luag ib nrab (48.1%, N = 13) ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm cov qauv tau qhab nia tsib lossis ntau dua ntawm Young's Diagnostic Questionnaire (YDQ), thiab yog li cov qhab nia saum toj no tau hais tawm kev txiav tawm rau IA. Lwm tus 40.7% (N = 11) tau qhab nia rau peb lossis plaub ntawm YDQ, xav txog cov kev xav tau txiav tawm rau kev pib ntu ntawm IA. Yuav luag tag nrho cov qauv ua ntau tshaj li qhov kev pom zoo txiav rau kev siv Is Taws Nem raws li Compulsive Internet Use Scale (CIUS). Ntau tshaj li ib nrab (63.0%, N = 17) ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm tau tshaj tawm siv Is Taws Nem kom khiav tawm ntawm cov teeb meem los yog daws qhov tsis zoo. Txog qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev siv Is Taws Nem ntau, 63.0% (N = 17) ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm tau tshaj tawm txog kev pw tsaug zog; 44.4% (N = 12) tau tshaj tawm tias lawv tsis quav ntsej tsev kawm ntawv kev ua haujlwm thiab lwm cov luag haujlwm txhua hnub vim lawv siv Internet ntau. Qhov kev sib txheeb ntawm YDQ thiab CIUS yog .79.

Ntsig Txog Qhov Ua Tau Zoo

Peb lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tshwm sim los ntawm cov pawg tsom xam hais txog: a) yam ua rau siv Is Taws Nem tsis yog rau tsev kawm ntawv lossis tsis ua haujlwm, thiab b) cuam tshuam ntsig txog kev siv Is Taws Nem, thiab c) cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev siv Is Taws Nem. Daim duab. 1 qhia cov duab kos nrog txhua cov ntsiab lus zoo thiab subthemes, thov saib Daim duab. 1Cov. Txhawm rau kom paub ntsiab lus tseeb cov ntsiab lus, pawg koom tes pab pawg tub los ntxhais thiab haiv neeg yog npaj muaj. Rau qhov yooj yim ntawm tus nyeem, pseudonyms tau muab rau cov neeg tuaj koom, yog li ntawd cov lus hais muab los ntawm cov tib neeg yog cim pom tau.

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Daim duab 1. Daim duab ntawm cov ntsiab lus sib txawv thiab Subthemes.

doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0117372.g001

Ntsiab Lus 1: Qhov tseeb ua rau muaj kev siv Is Taws NemCov. Cov ntsiab lus no tau raug coj los ntawm kev xav, kev cuam tshuam, thiab qhov chaw nyob uas ua rau cov tub ntxhais kawm siab xav mus siv Is Taws Nem kom tsis muaj tsev kawm ntawv / tsis-ua haujlwm. Hauv cov ntawv suav nrog: a) kev xav thiab siab ntsws xav li cas, b) kev laj siab, thiab c) kev nyuaj siab thiab kev khiav tawm. Ntau tus neeg tuaj koom tau sau tseg tias ntau dua ib ntawm cov txiaj ntsig tau ua rau lawv siv Internet ntau dhau sijhawm sib txawv.

Rau ntau tus neeg koom nrog, kev siv Internet ntau dhau los ntawm kev muaj zog thiab kev xav. Rau qee qhov, qhov kev tso siab hnyav tshaj plaws los ntawm qhov kev xav zoo (piv txwv, "Thaum kuv vwm zoo siab, Kuv xav qhia rau kuv cov phooj ywg. Kuv xav tias kuv xav tshaj tawm hauv Facebook" ["Andrew", tus txiv neej dawb]). Rau lwm tus, cov kev xav tsis zoo yog qhov ua rau loj dua (piv txwv, "Yog tias kuv muaj hnub tsis zoo ces kuv tsim nyog tau txais cov nqi zog ..." ["Lily", tus poj niam Asian]). Tsis hais txog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm txoj kev xav, feem ntau cov neeg tuaj koom tau sau tseg tias qee qhov kev xav thiab lub siab xav ua rau kev xav koom nrog hauv cov haujlwm Internet tshwj xeeb. "Nancy," tus poj niam neeg Esxias tau piav qhia txog nws txoj kev xav siv Is Taws Nem ib daim ntawv thov siv los daws cov kev tu siab:

Yog tias kuv muaj kev ntxhov siab tiag, Kuv tsis xav nyob hauv Facebook, Kuv tsis xav nrog ib tus twg tham. Kuv yuav tsis siv ib yam dab tsi zoo li kev sib tham ntawm cov phooj ywg, tab sis kuv yuav twv yuav raug qee yam xws li Tumblr saib cov khoom txaus luag li ib teev.

Lwm cov tub ntxhais kawm tau pom tias lawv siv social media ntau zaus ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb yog txoj hauv kev los tswj lawv cov kev ntxhov siab txog qhov teeb meem. Qee lub sijhawm cov neeg koom tes tau tshaj tawm “hloov kho kuv li xwm txheej tsis tu ncua,” lwm tus qhia txog lwm tus neeg qhov xwm txheej. "Jessie," tus poj niam Asmeskas Dub, tau sau tseg:

Yog tias kuv tau muaj kev sib ntaus nrog ib tug neeg, lossis kev ntxhov siab, lossis ua yeeb yam… Kuv tsuas yog tau hauv Facebook los saib seb lawv tau hais dab tsi txog lawv lub siab, lossis ib yam dab tsi txog kuv hauv kev, lossis qee yam zoo li ntawd.

Ntxiv mus, cov neeg tuaj koom tau muaj kev sib txawv rau kev siv raws li kev xav, nrog qee tus muaj kev paub ntau dua ntawm cov qauv no tshaj li lwm tus. "Alice," tus poj niam neeg Esxias, tham txog nws tus kheej kev siv txij li nkag mus hauv tsev kawm qib siab, hais tias:

Kuv pom tias Kuv mus online ntxiv thaum kuv tu siab dua zoo siab. Thaum kuv tu siab, Kuv tsuas yog xav tham nrog ib tug phooj ywg los ntawm txawv teb chaws los ntawm kev hu deb lossis ib yam dab tsi. Yog li kuv tsuas tham nrog lawv online. Thiab thaum kuv zoo siab, Kuv tsis nquag mus online.

Coob tus neeg koom nrog tau tshaj tawm tias kev tsis xav ua lawv lub siab xav siv Is Taws Nem. Cov tub ntxhais kawm tau sib tham txog Is Taws Nem raws li lawv cov tswv yim zoo los daws kev tsis txaus siab. "Tom," tus txiv neej dawb, tau piav qhia nws txoj kev paub li no: "Yog tias kuv ua rau nws dhuav, nws yog thawj zaug uas kuv mus." Lwm tus tau txuas rau hauv Internet rau qee yam kev mob siab rau (xws li luag, txuas nrog lwm tus, thiab cov ntaub ntawv rov qab). “Mike,” ib tug txiv neej neeg Asmeskas hais tias: “Thaum twg kuv nkees, thiab yog tias kuv ntxhov siab, kuv tsuas yog nyob hauv Is Taws Nem kom ib pliag, tej zaum muaj kev luag lossis ob qho.” Rau cov neeg koom, suav nrog “Mike,” Is Taws Nem txhais tau tias txoj kev pab txhua lub sijhawm laj los vim muaj kev nkag tau yooj yim ntawm cov khoom siv txawb nrog cov ntaub ntawv npog: “Kuv xav tias thaum koj dhau mus, koj ib txwm xav nkag mus rau yam ntawd; zoo li caij lub tsheb npav mus rau hauv chav kawm, koj poob siab, koj tsis muaj phooj ywg, koj cia li mus vim tias koj nkees. ”

Ntxiv rau txoj kev xav, kev xav, thiab kev tsis txaus siab, tsev kawm ntawv thiab cuam tshuam txog kev ntxhov siab ua rau cov tub ntxhais kawm xav tau siv Is Taws Nem. "Sue," tus poj niam neeg Esxias, qhia txog txoj kev xav kom "zam qee yam, yog li kuv tau txais hauv Is Taws Nem." Koj tsis tas yuav xav txog dabtsi li. Rau qee qhov, Is Taws Nem yog lub sijhawm txwv:

Kuv xav rau kuv, zoo li thaum kuv ntxhov siab txog lub tsev kawm ntawv, thaum kuv xav tau kev so, los yog muaj teeb meem Kuv feem ntau mus hauv lub computer kom deb ntawm tsev kawm ntawv, txav deb ntawm cov teeb meem li ib teev lossis ob teev [“Jessie , ”Tus poj niam neeg Asmeskas Dub].

Rau lwm tus, siv sijhawm hauv Is Taws Nem yog qhov nyuaj los tswj hwm thiab tau xaus lawv txoj kev ntxhov siab thawj zaug:

Kuv zoo li, yog tias kuv tau nyob hauv Internet rau 8 xuaj moos, thiab kuv tsis tau ua dab tsi, Kuv tau ntxhov siab thiab kuv qhia kuv tus kheej zoo li "koj yuav ua li cas no, nkim sijhawm ntau?" Kuv tau txais kev txob siab nrog rau kuv tus kheej, tab sis tom qab ntawd vim tias kuv meem txom, Kuv yuav saib tej yam txaus luag luag ["Sue," tus poj niam Asian].

Qee tus neeg tuaj koom tau sau txog qhov kev xav ua kom tsis muaj kev ua tiav raws li lub hauv paus rau kev siv Is Taws Nem. Ib tug poj niam neeg Esxias, tus poj niam neeg Asmesliskas, tau piav txog qhov kev xav zoo li no: “Rau kuv, zoo li lub sijhawm cia, kuv tsis xav ua lwm yam ntxiv, yog li kuv xav, qee zaum kuv tsuas yog xav ua kom lom zem. Kuv tsis xav ua kuv cov haujlwm nqa los tsev. ”

Cov ntsiab lus 2: Cov haujlwm ntsig txog InternetCov. Cov ntsiab lus no piav qhia txog cov haujlwm online cov neeg koom nrog nyiam thiab cov laj thawj rau lawv txaus siab rau cov haujlwm ntawd. Ntau tus neeg koom nrog ntau yam kev ua si thaum nyob hauv Is Taws Nem. Subthemes suav nrog: a) social media, b) ua haujlwm hauv tsev kawm ntawv, thiab c) lwm yam dej num hauv Is Taws Nem.

Cov neeg tuaj koom feem ntau tau tshaj tawm siv qee hom kev tshaj tawm txog kev sib raug zoo. Kev tshaj xov xwm suav nrog kev siv xws li Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest, thiab Tumblr. Vim tias kev nkag mus tau zoo ntawm cov chaw sib txuas lus hauv xov tooj ntawm tes, ntau cov neeg tuaj koom tau sau tseg lawv siv raws li lawv tau siv txhua hnub (xws li, "Yog tias kuv tsis tsaug zog, ces kuv nyob Twitter lossis Facebook hauv kuv lub xov tooj ... tas hnub tas hnub" [“Lydia,” tus poj niam Asmeskas Dub)). Cov kev siv txhua hnub nyob ntawm qhov tsis xws li (xws li, "Rau kuv, Kuv nyiam qhia kev xav lossis tswv yim lossis lub siab lub ntsws nrog cov neeg hauv Twitter lossis Facebook. Zoo li thaum koj xav txog qee yam, koj zoo li 'Oh, Kuv yuav tweet tias' ”[“ Jessie, ”tus poj niam neeg Asmeskas Dub)) kom yuam kev (piv txwv li," Nws pib ib txwm muaj thaum kuv sawv thaum sawv ntxov, thawj qhov kuv ua yog tshawb xyuas Facebook, nyiam dua. Yog tias koj tsis ua nws, koj yuav xav tias zoo li koj ploj lawm ib yam dab tsi ”[" Sue, "tus poj niam Es Xias]). Qhov tshwm sim ntawm ntau qhov chaw siv xov xwm muab rau cov neeg siv ntau txoj hauv kev txuas los txuas nrog lawv cov phooj ywg. Qee tus neeg tuaj koom piav qhia kev siv ntau lub vev xaib kev sib raug zoo. "Sharon," tus poj niam Asmeskas neeg Asmeskas, tau piav qhia txog nws txoj kev siv no:

Feem ntau ntawm cov sijhawm kuv nyiam rov kho kuv cov xov xwm pub hauv Facebook, lossis saib kuv cov thwjtim hauv Twitter kom pom txhua tus neeg sib tham txog dab tsi, thiab [yog] tib neeg tau tshaj tawm yam xwm txheej [hauv Twitter], tom qab ntawd kuv yuav mus saib ntawm lawv [Facebook] cov ntawv xov xwm txuas thiab saib lawv tau tshaj tawm dab tsi.

Lwm tus neeg tuaj koom xws li "Christian," tus poj niam Asmeskas Neeg Asmeskas, qhia txog kev siv ntau ntawm ib qho chaw:

Muaj hnub uas kuv tau tshaj tawm 100 lub sijhawm… Kuv yuav sawv thiab tshawb xyuas Twitter, lossis thaum kuv tau caij npav mus rau hauv chav kawm, Kuv mam li kuaj Twitter, lossis hauv chav kawm, Kuv yuav kuaj Twitter, thiab thaum noj su, Kuv yuav kuaj Twitter, thiab ua ntej kuv yuav mus pw Kuv mam kuaj Twitter.

Txawm hais tias qee tus neeg tuaj koom qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib raug zoo hauv lawv lub neej txhua hnub, ntau tus neeg tau hais nrawm txog cov haujlwm ua haujlwm, kev ua haujlwm ntsig txog kev ua haujlwm uas Internet ua tiav. Raws li "ntseeg," tus poj niam neeg Asmeskas Dub, xav tsis thoob: “Is Taws Nem tsis yog Facebook thiab Twitter thiab Pinterest, tab sis tseem xa email, thiab Google, thiab cov chaw khaws ntaub ntawv hauv Is Taws Nem.” Qhov tseeb, ntau tus tub ntxhais kawm tau tshaj tawm tias cov xibfwb xav tau cov tub ntxhais kawm siv Is Taws Nem hauv kev ua tiav lawv cov haujlwm tau muab rau ua, suav nrog sau cov blogs, kawm online, thiab nkag mus rau cov khoom siv hauv chav kawm virtual. Ib tug txiv neej neeg Esxias, "Matt, tau hais txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Internet rau nws txoj kev kawm, hais tias," Kuv txoj kev tshawb fawb xav tau qee yam xov xwm uas Is Taws Nem siv tau yooj yim. Rau kuv, lub neej muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua. "Lwm tus neeg koom nrog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, hais tias mus siv tsev kawm ntawv cov haujlwm / cov ntaub ntawv ntsig txog kev ua haujlwm nyob hauv Is Taws Nem yog ob qho kev pabcuam thiab kev cuam tshuam. Tus poj niam Asmeskas, uas yog neeg Asmeskas, tau sau tseg tias: “Koj nyob hauv Facebook, thiab Google, thiab koj tus email, thiab Twitter, thiab koj sau ntawv, thiab koj nyeem ib yam dab tsi. Nws tsuas zoo li txav mus tas li. "Hauv tsev kawm, cov koom nrog paub qhov yooj yim thiab yuav tsum muaj Is Taws Nem ua ib feem ntawm qhov chaw kawm ua ke. Tus poj niam hu dawb, Kate tau hais tias: “Kuv nquag siv Is Taws Nem siv rau chav kawm feem ntau thiab paub meej txog cov ncauj lus. Txiav tawm hauv Is Taws Nem, kuv tsis paub yuav ua li cas kom nws muaj sia nyob hauv tsev kawm ntawv. ”

Kev tawm yeeb yaj kiab kawg, "lwm yam dej num hauv Is Taws Nem," suav nrog kev lom zem ua si xws li saib video ntws, ua si online video games, tshawb kev lom zem, sib tham, thiab xov xwm cov vev xaib, tshaj tawm hauv cov rooj sib tham (piv txwv, Reddit), thiab kev tshawb nrhiav dav dav. Cov haujlwm no feem ntau tau ua nrog kev ua haujlwm thiab / lossis kev tshaj xov xwm. "Angela," tus poj niam Asmeskas neeg Asmeskas, tshaj tawm "Kuv mloog nkauj hauv Is Taws Nem thaum kuv ua haujlwm hauv tsev, tu kuv chav, lossis ua si Zelda (yeeb yaj kiab yeeb yaj kiab), lossis saib lwm tus ua si online Zelda Lwm cov neeg koom nrog tsuas yog ib qhov kev ua ib zaug, hais tias lawv nyiam qee yam haujlwm rau lwm tus. Piv txwv li suav nrog kev tshaj xov xwm ("Kuv xav tias kuv qhov tseem ceeb tshaj tawm hauv Is Taws Nem. Kuv tau nyeem cov ntawv xov xwm 3 lossis 4 ntawm kuv cov khoom noj, thiab qhov ntawd tseem ceeb heev" ["Matt," tus txiv neej Asian]), kev twv txiaj hauv online (“Kuv ua si nrog cov neeg tsis nyiam nyob hauv Is Taws Nem, thiab muaj kev sib cuam tshuam nrog lawv, zoo li thaum kuv ua si basketball kev sib tw. Koj tsuas yog ua si lawv, thiab ua si rau lawv ”[“ Tom, ”tus txiv neej dawb]), thiab saib vis dis aus (“ Rau kuv , siv sijhawm ntau mus saib mauv vim (movies) thiab kev ua yeeb yam, dua li ua tawm hauv social media. "Claire," tus poj niam dawb tau tshaj tawm tias kev yuav khoom hauv online yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hais, "Kuv ntxub mus tom khw, thiab ntxub kev sim khaub ncaws, tam sim no kuv tsis tas yuav. Nws tsuas yog nyob hauv online. ”Tsis hais txog qhov haujlwm dab tsi los xij, qhov tseem ceeb“ lwm cov haujlwm hauv Is Taws Nem ”qhia txog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thoob plaws thiab kev sib hais ntawm Is Taws Nem, tab sis kuj qhia txog qhov kev pheej hmoo rau teeb meem siv Internet.

Txawm hais tias cov tub ntxhais kawm siv Is Taws Nem los txhim kho kev sib txuas lus thiab kev sib raug zoo, kev ua haujlwm hauv tsev kawm ntawv, lossis kev ua si, hauv Is Taws Nem muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los txhawb kom siv tas li. Qhov tseeb, cov tub ntxhais kawm tau sau tseg tias cov phooj ywg thiab cov xibfwb muab kev yooj yim thiab txhawb lawv txoj kev siv Is Taws Nem, yog li ntawd yuav muaj kev pheej hmoo rau cov neeg uas muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim IA / PIU. "Kate," tus poj niam dawb, tau piav qhia txog qhov kev cia siab ntawm lwm tus li no: "Rau kev kuaj kuv email, nws zoo li kuv tsis tau txais kev xyiv fab los ntawm nws, zoo li kuv yuav tsum, Kuv yuav tsum tau teb thaum muaj ib tus neeg tom haujlwm xa email rau kuv, los sis kuv tsis paub tias kuv yuav tsum muaj. ”

Ntsiab Lus 3: Qhov yuav tshwm sim los ntawm kev siv Internet ntau dhauCov. Lub ntsiab lus "muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm kev siv Internet ntau dhau" tau raug qhia los ntawm cov neeg tuaj piav qhia luv luv thiab ntev ntev ntawm kev siv Is Taws Nem. Cov kev ncua ntawv suav nrog qhov ua rau lub cev thiab lub siab lub txiaj ntsig, kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hlwb, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Txawm hais tias tsis yog txhua yam cuam tshuam rau qhov tsis zoo, cov neeg tuaj koom tau tshaj tawm los taw qhia txog cov txiaj ntsig tsis zoo, tshwj xeeb yog hais txog kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev ua haujlwm.

Cov neeg tuaj koom tau sib tham txog qhov tsis zoo rau kev noj qab haus huv vim qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev siv Internet ntau dhau. Ob peb cov neeg tuaj koom qhia txog kev txhawj xeeb txog kev noj qab haus huv lub cev. Cov kev txhawj xeeb no suav nrog kev pw tsis tsaug zog (piv txwv li, "Kuv xav tias tsis muaj kev pw tsaug zog. Kuv paub txawm tias thaum kuv ua tiav nrog kev ua haujlwm, nws zoo li 12 lossis 1. Kuv yuav nce 'txog li 3 vim tias kuv ua qee yam khoom ntawm Is Taws Nem ”[“ Nancy, ”tus poj niam Es Xias]), tsis muaj kev tawm dag zog (piv txwv,“ Kuv yuav npaj ua kom ib ce muaj zog, zoo li kuv yuav zaum ntawm no, nyeem cov khoom, thiab zoo li 'tsis zoo kuv tsis tau tawm dag zog '["Kevin," tus txiv neej dawb]), thiab kev coj tsis zoo (piv txwv li, "... peb tiam muaj qhov chaw tsis zoo vim kev ntaus ntau thiab zaum" ["Mike," tus txiv neej Asmeskas Dub]). "Tom," tus txiv neej dawb, taw qhia qhov kev sib tshuam ntawm kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub hlwb thiab lub cev, hais tias "Kuv poob siab rau kuv tus kheej, ntxhov siab yog tias kuv siv sijhawm ntau nyob hauv Is Taws Nem ib hnub, tsis txhob ua ib yam dab tsi rau lub cev lossis sab nraud. ”

Lwm cov tub ntxhais kawm tsom feem ntau ntawm lawv qhov kev paub ntawm cov kev puas siab puas ntsws. Rau qee cov neeg tuaj koom, kev npau taws thiab chim siab yog qhov tshwm sim ntau tshaj plaws. "Heather," tus poj niam Asmeskas neeg Asmeskas, tau tshaj tawm txog: "Qhov thib ib hnub yog xav tau hauv Facebook lossis Twitter. Yog tias kuv hnov ​​dab tsi ruam, nws yuav ua rau kuv yoog tas hnub. "Ib yam li tus poj niam Asian" Lucy, "pom tias qhov txawv ntawm ib hnub dhau ib hnub:

Kuv xav tias nws ua rau kuv zoo li blah tom qab tau nyob hauv Is Taws Nem ntev, zoo li kuv xav zoo li kuv tau siv sij hawm ntau. Kuv xav tias txawm qee zaum kuv tsis muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog tib neeg thaum lub sijhawm ntev hnub, Kuv tau npau taws dua.

Lwm tus neeg tuaj koom qhia txog kev tu siab thiab kev nyuaj siab tom qab siv Is Taws Nem. Rau qee leej, qhov kev tu siab no tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib piv lawv lub neej tam sim no uas lawv cov phooj ywg tau muab tso rau hauv social media. "Andrew," tus txiv neej dawb, piav qhia hais tias:

Feem ntau cov neeg feem ntau tshaj tawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv lub neej tiag tiag, yog li ib nrab ntawm lub sijhawm koj mus nyob ntawd, thiab tsuas yog pom zoo li "Oh, Kuv muaj kev lom zem heev, thiab kuv nyob ntawm ntug hiav txwv, noj hmo nrog cov ntxhais kub." koj zoo li “Kuv nyob hauv kuv chav pw, thiab kuv… kuv ua haujlwm ntawm McDonald.” Kuv ua xyem xyav ... lawv lub neej ... zoo tshaj kuv li. Tab sis thaum kuv muaj kev ntxhov siab, thiab nkag mus rau hauv Is Taws Nem thiab pom tias, Kuv zoo li "Tus txiv neej, Kuv nqus."

Cov tub ntxhais kawm kev siv Is Taws Nem thiab cov ntawv qhia kev noj qab haus huv txuas ntxiv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov haujlwm hauv Is Taws Nem uas lawv tau ua thiab nrog lawv cov qauv hauv kev siv Is Taws Nem. Raws li "Heather," tus poj niam Asmeskas neeg Asmeskas, taw qhia: "Yog tias koj yog tus neeg sib raug zoo, ces nws [social media] ntxiv rau nws. Nws zoo li lub tso nrawm dua… Tab sis yog tias koj tsis yog, tom qab ntawd koj tsuas yog saib. ”Cov lus tsocai xws li cov lus no hais txog lub ntsiab lossis ob lub ntsiab lus ntawm Is Taws Nem ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Ntawd yog, Is Taws Nem tuaj yeem txhim kho tub ntxhais kawm lub neej sib raug zoo; txawm li cas los xij, thaum siv ntau dhau thiab txoj hauv kev uas txhawb thiab ntxiv dag zog rau kev sib cais, nws txoj kev siv tau tuaj yeem txo qhov ntau thiab cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev sib tham tim ntsej tim muag. Qee tus neeg tuaj koom yws tias lawv cov kev sib tham tim ntsej tim muag tau cuam tshuam nrog lawv cov phooj ywg kev siv Is Taws Nem. Tus poj niam neeg Esxias, “Nancy, tau piav qhia txog qhov nws tau paub dhau los:

Kuv muaj qhov no, zoo li tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum kuv nrog noj mov nrog ib tus neeg, lawv rub tawm lawv lub xov tooj thiab lawv pib xyuas lawv Facebook, Twitter, lossis lwm yam zoo li ntawd, Kuv yuav saib lawv thiab kuv yuav zoo li "tiag tiag, koj yuav ua nws pem lub taub hau kuv tamsim no? ”

"Tsis kam," tus txiv neej neeg Asmeskas Dub, tau sau tseg tias kev cia siab rau Is Taws Nem rau kev sib raug zoo tej zaum yuav ua rau tsis muaj lub ntsej muag sib txuas lus: "Thaum koj nyob tom qab lub khoos phis tawm, koj siv sijhawm ua cov lus zoo tshaj plaws ... Tab sis thaum koj fim ntsej muag, [tus neeg] yog tus neeg muaj lub siab phem, tsis yog muaj tiag. ”Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv nqe lus echoing cov kev xav ntawm ntau tus neeg," Lydia, "tus poj niam Asmeskas neeg Asmeskas, hais tias kev siv Is Taws Nem tsis zoo cuam tshuam rau nws kev sib raug zoo, hais tias: “Kuv yuav mus tsev, tsis tham nrog kuv tus phauj thiab cov kwv tij, kuv tsuas zaum ntawm rooj zaum, ua si nrog kuv lub laptop lossis kuv tus xov tooj. Tsis txhob koom nrog lwm tus neeg. Yog li kuv tsis nrog ib tug twg tham. ”

Hloov pauv, lwm tus neeg koom nrog sau txog qhov zoo ntawm kev siv Is Taws Nem. Is taws nem muaj peev xwm pab txuas tau rau tsev neeg, phooj ywg, thiab zej zog sib pab. "Fred," tus txiv neej Asmeskas dub los ntawm pawg tsom xam ob, piav qhia nws li no:

Kuv xav zoo li yog tias koj nyob rau Twitter, koj zoo li txuas nrog. Yog tias koj nyob hauv tsev kawm ntawv, txhua tus nyob sib ze. Tab sis tib lub sijhawm, Twitter ua rau nws los ze zog… Kuv mloog zoo li koj qhia rau tib neeg paub tias koj ua dab tsi tshaj tawm hauv zej zog, yog li lawv tuaj yeem tawm suab nrog koj yog tias koj xav tau.

Hauv Is Taws Nem muaj qhov tshwj xeeb tseem ceeb rau cov neeg koom nrog kev sib raug zoo ntev. "Angela," tus poj niam Asmeskas neeg Asmeskas, tau piav qhia txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev siv Is Taws Nem kom nyob nrog tsev neeg uas nyob deb, hais tias: “Kuv xav tias nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Muaj ntau ntawm cov neeg hauv tsev neeg uas kuv tsis tau tham nrog… Yog li kuv tuaj yeem tsuas xa email sai thiab hais tias 'nyob zoo, koj nyob li cas,' tsis tau hu lawv. "

Cov txiaj ntsig kev kawm, qhov kawg kawg, piav qhia li cas cov neeg koom thiaj pom qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev siv Is Taws Nem rau tag nrho cov haujlwm hauv tsev kawm thiab kev ua haujlwm tau zoo. Coob tus neeg koom nrog pom qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev siv Internet ntau dhau rau lawv kev kawm dav dav. "Lydia," tus poj niam Asmeskas neeg Asmeskas, tau hais: "Kuv xav zoo li yog tias tsis yog rau kuv siv Is Taws Nem, kuv cov qhab nia tuaj yeem yog 10 lub sijhawm zoo dua." Qee tus neeg tuaj koom, xws li "Jessie," tus poj niam Asmeskas neeg Asmeskas, hais txog qhov no ua tsis tau tsom xam: "Kuv lub peev xwm xav txog ib yam rau ib lub sijhawm ntev yog qhov cuam tshuam loj heev ... Kuv tsis tuaj yeem tsom rau 2 feeb." Lwm tus tub ntxhais kawm tau sau tseg tias lawv qhov kev ua haujlwm raug kev txom nyem vim yog kev ncua sijhawm hauv Is Taws Nem. Tus poj niam neeg Asian, "Nancy, tau tshaj tawm tias:" Kuv lub tsev kawm ntawv tau ua haujlwm ntau los ntawm kev siv Is Taws Nem ... kev siv is taws nem zoo li koj ua ntau yam dhau mus, thaum kawg koj tau txais qhov kev xav tias 'Kuv yuav tsum ua tiav qhov no ...' Koj tsuas tsis yog txhua txoj hauv kev ntawd xwb. ”Feem ntau, cov tub ntxhais kawm tau tshaj tawm tias thaum siv Is Taws Nem tseem ceeb rau tsev kawm ntawv, qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev siv Is Taws Nem feem ntau tsis ua rau lawv lub tsev kawm ntawv lub hom phiaj.

kev sib tham

Txoj kev tshawb no tau tshawb txog ntau yam teeb meem ntsig txog IA / PIU hauv Asmeskas cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv suav nrog keeb kwm keeb kwm ntawm kev siv Internet ntau dhau; muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau ntau tus, kev sib raug zoo, thiab thaj chaw yam muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm kev siv Is Taws Nem; cov qauv nyiam ntawm Is Taws Nem kev ua si; thiab cov kev mob hlwb, kev xav tsis meej, thiab kev mob nkeeg ntawm kev siv Is Taws Nem ntau. Qhov kev kawm no tsis tau sim txiav txim siab txog qhov kev nthuav dav ntawm kev siv Is Taws Nem nyob hauv Asmeskas cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv tsev kawm qib siab. Hloov chaw, peb npaj los muab cov ntsiab lus zoo thiab cov ncauj lus piav qhia ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm kev paub dhau los ntawm kev siv Is Taws Nem / siv Internet ntau dhau los ntawm kev qhia ncaj qha cov lus ntawm cov koom hauv cov pab pawg. Ntxiv mus, cov ntsiab lus zoo uas tau tsim los ntawm cov pab pawg sib tham tsom xam cov ntsiab lus tshawb pom los ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb dhau los.

Coob tus tub ntxhais kawm tau lees paub tias nws nyuaj rau xam qhov tseeb tag nrho lub sijhawm lawv siv nyob hauv Is Taws Nem ib hnub vim tias cov ntaub ntawv tsis muaj nyiaj nyob hauv lub xov tooj ntawm tes (piv txwv li, xov tooj thiab ntsiav tshuaj) txhais tau tias Internet muaj tas li. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tub ntxhais kawm tseem tuaj yeem hais qhia nws tus kheej tas li thiab raug raws li qhov ntsuas tus kheej yam ua tau zoo thiab kev ntsuas tus qauv, ua kom pom ob qho txiaj ntsig thiab qhov ua tau. Coob tus tub ntxhais kawm tau hais tias lawv tsis tuaj yeem piav qhia qhov sib txawv ntawm lub sijhawm tau siv nyob hauv Is Taws Nem rau tsev kawm ntawv lossis cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm los ntawm lub hom phiaj uas tsis yog lub tsev kawm ntawv / ua haujlwm. Qee qhov kev tshawb fawb tau qhia tias muaj kev koom tes zoo ntawm tag nrho cov sijhawm siv hauv Is Taws Nem thiab IA / PIU hauv cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv [26, 56]; txawm li cas los xij, tej zaum nws yuav raug rau qhov sib txawv ntau lub sijhawm siv nyob hauv Is Taws Nem rau kev ua haujlwm thiab / lossis tsev kawm muaj feem cuam tshuam los ntawm lub sijhawm nyob hauv Is Taws Nem ua kev lom zem29]. Rau qhov tsis yog tsev kawm ntawv / ua haujlwm ntsig txog kev ua si hauv Is Taws Nem, cov neeg koom nrog tsawg hauv kev siv kev ua yeeb yaj kiab online. Kev tawm siv nyob rau ntawm tus qauv. Tub ntxhais kawm ntawv txoj kev sib raug zoo nrog Is Taws Nem yog qhov hloov pauv thiab sib txawv. Txawm hais tias lawv pom qhov tshwm sim thoob plaws thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev siv ntau dhau, lawv kuj qhia txog cov txiaj ntsig hauv Is Taws Nem hauv lawv cov haujlwm kev kawm.

Cov txiaj ntsig tau ua pov thawj pom tias cov kev xav tsis zoo (xws li kev npau taws, kev tu siab, thiab npau taws), kev tsis txaus siab, thiab kev ntxhov siab uas cuam tshuam nrog kev sib raug zoo- thiab kev ua haujlwm yog cov kev xav thiab qhov chaw uas ua rau ntau tus tub ntxhais kawm tau siv Internet ntau. Hmoov tsis zoo, kev siv Is Taws Nem raws li kev daws cov teeb meem rau lub xeev cov kev xav tsis zoo kuj tseem tuaj yeem tsim cov xeev hauv lub xeev mus ntev. Kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias kev siv Is Taws Nem ua kev daws cov nyom tuaj yeem zoo ib yam li kev siv tus kheej nrog cawv thiab lwm cov tshuaj psychoactive13]. Theorists tau tawm tswv yim tias teeb meem kev siv Is Taws Nem yog palliative coping mechanism rau kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo lub xeev thiab kev puas siab puas ntsws [13, 15]. Rau cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb no, cov kev xav tsis zoo uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev siv pias pias siv Is Taws Nem muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev npau taws thiab ntxhov siab. Cov laj thawj rau kev ntxhov siab yog qhov txawv (piv txwv li, lub siab ua txhaum vim siv sijhawm ntev thiab tsis muaj txiaj ntsig hauv Is Taws Nem, npau taws rau lwm tus neeg tus cwj pwm hauv Is Taws Nem); txawm li cas los xij, cov tub ntxhais kawm tau tshaj tawm siv siv Is Taws Nem ob qho tib si tau pab txhawb thiab ua rau lub xeev tsis xav zoo ntxiv. Coob tus menyuam kawm ntawv muaj lub siab xav koom nrog ntau yam haujlwm nyob hauv Is Taws Nem (piv txwv, tshawb nrhiav chaw sib tham) thaum hnov ​​dhuav, tshwj xeeb yog thaum siv Is Taws Nem (piv txwv, khoos phis tawj khoos phis tawj thiab lub xov tooj ntawm tes nrog siv Is Taws Nem) tau yooj yim. Cov tub ntxhais hluas siab nyob rau hauv laj qhov yooj yim, impulsivity, thiab novelty / lom zem nrhiav temperaments yog ntawm kev pheej hmoo rau cov yeeb yam ntxiv [57, 58]; yog li, nws yog qhov xav paub tias ntau tus tub ntxhais kawm hauv qhov kev kawm no tau qhia txog kev siv Is Taws Nem ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev daws cov kev tsis taus. Kev tshawb nrhiav hauv cov chaw thoob ntiaj teb tau pom tias cov hluas nrog IA / PIU tau qhia txog kev sib txawv ntawm caj ces thiab cwj pwm zoo rau cov tib neeg uas cuam tshuam los ntawm kev siv tshuaj yeeb dej caw thiab kev coj tus cwj pwm, suav nrog kev ua tsis tau thiab kev xav [7, 9, 42].

Cov neeg tuaj koom kawm tau tshaj tawm txog ntau yam kev mob tshwm sim tsis zoo rau kev noj qab haus huv thiab lub siab lub hlwb ntsig txog kev siv Is Taws Nem ntau. Coob tus tub ntxhais kawm ua tsis tau tawm dag zog thiab koom nrog ua tej haujlwm hauv zej zog vim tias lawv tau siv sijhawm ntau nyob hauv Is Taws Nem. Cov kev tshawb fawb ua ntej tau txuas rau siv Internet kom yuag tshaj thiab rog dhau [59] thiab theorists tau kwv yees tias qhov kev loj hlob ntawm kev siv Is Taws Nem ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas thiab cov neeg laus cov hluas tuaj yeem yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev muaj mob loj dua cov rog hauv Asmeskas, Tuam Tshoj, thiab lwm qhov [60]. Coob tus tub ntxhais kawm hauv qhov kev tshawb fawb no tau hais txog kev siv Internet ntau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb ua rau kev pw tsaug zog. Qhov kev tshawb pom no zoo ib yam nrog cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los uas tau qhia tias cov tub ntxhais kawm uas tau mob los ntawm IA / PIU feem ntau yuav ntsib kev pw tsaug zog, tsis muaj kev pw tsaug zog, thiab pw tsis tsaug zog [30, 61]. Cov tub ntxhais kawm 'hauv qhov kev tshawb fawb no tau sau tseg tias lawv lub sijhawm pw tsaug zog feem ntau yog los ntawm kev ncua sijhawm hauv Is Taws Nem. Qee tus tub ntxhais kawm tau fij lawv lub sijhawm pw tsaug zog maj nrawm dua kev ua haujlwm vim siv sijhawm ntev thiab tsis muaj sijhawm nyob hauv Is Taws Nem.

Kev siv ntau dhau / teeb meem siv cov chaw sib tham nyob hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas thiab cov neeg laus tshiab tau kuaj xyuas thiab sau ntaub ntawv [62-64]. Coob tus tub ntxhais kawm hauv qhov kev kawm no tau hais txog kev sib raug zoo tsis meej, ceeb toom tias kev tshaj tawm xov xwm no tuaj yeem ua ob qho tib si ua kom yooj yim thiab cuam tshuam lub ntsej muag kev sib tham, nyob ntawm qib thiab qhov siv thiab tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus neeg siv. Tsis zoo li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav yav dhau los, uas pom tias cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv feem ntau ntsib thiab sib raug zoo nrog lwm tus neeg hauv chav sib tham kom daws tau cov tsos mob ntawm kev nyuaj siab [24, 25, 29], qee cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv qhov kev tshawb fawb no tau sau tseg tias thaum lawv xav tias "tu siab" lossis "nyuaj siab" lawv nyiam saib cov yeeb yaj kiab lossis xauj blog lossis / lossis cov xaib tshaj tawm (piv txwv, Reddit) hauv Is Taws Nem. Cov tub ntxhais kawm qhia txog zam kev ua phooj ywg nrog lwm tus neeg nyob hauv Is Taws Nem thaum muaj cov tsos mob ntawm kev nyuaj siab.

Ntau cov lus hais los ntawm qhov kev kawm no qhia tias kev nkag mus rau Is Taws Nem tau txo qis tub ntxhais kawm kev cuam tshuam rau kev tsis txaus siab xws li tias tib neeg yuav pib dhuav sai thiab muaj teeb meem nyuaj ntxiv txog qhov tseem ceeb, tsev kawm ntawv / kev ua haujlwm. Theorists tau lees tias qhov kev siv Is Taws Nem ntau dhau lawm yuav cuam tshuam rau lub hlwb kev ua haujlwm hauv txoj kev uas txo lub peev xwm mloog [65]. Kuj, cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los tau txuas nrog kev saib xyuas qhov tsis txaus siab hyperactivity tsis meej (ADHD) rau IA / PIU hauv Kauslim cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv [41, 66]. Cov kev tshawb pom los ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb no qhia tias cov kev tshawb pom yav dhau los tej zaum yuav tsis raug rau kab lis kev cai.

Tsis tas li ntawd, rov qab hais tawm rau ntau ntawm cov ntawv tshaj xo [9], cov neeg koom nrog qhov kev kawm no koom nrog qhov siv online video games tsawg kawg. Qhov kev tshawb pom no yuav yog vim muaj qhov ua ke ntawm peb tus qauv, feem ntau ntawm cov poj niam yog suav nrog. Cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los qhia tias txiv neej nyiam ua yeeb yaj kiab kev ua si ntau heev thiab muaj teeb meem xws li kev twv txiaj video tshaj li poj niam [23, 67]. Kev coj noj coj ua kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm hauv qib qis ntawm kev ua yeeb yaj kiab video online ua si tshaj tawm nyob rau hauv cov qauv no piv rau cov qib tau txheeb xyuas hauv cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm Cov Neeg Qhab Hnub Tuaj hauv East Asian [23]. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tso cov vis dis aus tawm hauv cov qauv no tej zaum yuav raug qhia tsawg vim tias txoj kev kawm tau tshaj tawm raws li kev tshawb nrhiav cov tub ntxhais kawm kev paub dhau los nrog kev siv Internet ntau dhau. Cov tub ntxhais kawm yuav muaj qhov kev cia siab uas lawv tau xub tham txog lawv qhov kev paub dhau los ntawm kev siv Is Taws Nem hauv computer, tsis yog ua si video games nyob hauv Is Taws Nem ntawm lwm cov game consoles (piv txwv li Xbox 360). Stigmatization ntau ntau thiab / lossis teeb meem kev twv txiaj kuj tseem yuav txo qis kev tshaj tawm hauv pawg teeb tsa.

Thaum kawg, qhov kev kawm no tau tsim yuav luag ntau cov lus nug uas nws tau teb. Tshwj xeeb, cov kev tshawb pom no qhov kev tshawb pom ntxiv ntxiv rau ntau qhov kev tshawb pom yav dhau los uas tau hais txog hauv cov ntawv sau tias tsis meej, lossis siv lwm yam kev tshawb nrhiav. Piv txwv li, yuav luag tag nrho cov qauv (99.7%, 2 SD los ntawm txhais tau tias) thawj zaug nkag hauv Is Taws Nem ua ntej nkag mus kawm ntawv qib siab (M = 9 hnub nyoog, SD = 2.7); thiab ntau tus tub ntxhais kawm tsis tau lees paub tus kheej tias muaj teeb meem cuam tshuam nrog kev siv Is Taws Nem kom txog thaum lawv cov tub ntxhais hluas lig / tom qab nkag mus hauv tsev kawm qib siab. Qee qhov kev tshawb pom yav dhau los tau qhia tias pes tsawg xyoo siv Is Taws Nem tau cuam tshuam nrog IA / PIU [34, 56]; txawm li cas los xij, lwm qhov kev tshawb fawb tsis tau txhawb qhov kev pom zoo li no [26]. Cov kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej yog qhov tsim nyog los qhia meej tias thaum pib ntawm kev siv Is Taws Nem lossis kev siv Is Taws Nem hauv Internet dhau los tuaj yeem ua qhov twv ua ntej rau IA / PIU yav tom ntej.

Ntxiv rau, txoj kev kawm no tau hais txog qee qhov zoo sib xws ntawm IA / PIU thiab lwm yam kev coj ua ntxiv. Nws yog kev qhia txog kev quav tshuaj yeeb dej cawv thiab kev mob hlwb hauv thaj chaw uas tau pib siv tshuaj yeeb dej cawv tau ua ib qho teeb meem muaj teeb meem ntau dua thiab muaj qhov tsis zoo nyob rau tom qab pib [68]. Txawm li cas los xij, vim tias tsis muaj kev tshawb nrhiav ntev ntev uas tshawb nrhiav qhov kev txhim kho ntawm IA / PIU, peb tsis tuaj yeem kos cov lus xaus hais txog kev ua haujlwm ntev ntawm IA / PIU ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm no. Kev kawm ntxiv ntawm keeb kwm keeb kwm ntawm IA / PIU hauv Asmeskas cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv tsev kawm qib siab thiab cuam tshuam txog kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev mob siab ntsws kuj yuav qhia txog kev tiv thaiv thiab kev kho thiab li no muaj peev xwm txhim kho lawv cov hauj lwm zoo.

Raws li tau hais dhau los, cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv qhov kev kawm no tau siv ntau lub sijhawm nyob rau ntawm social media sites. Qhov siv lub sijhawm nyob rau cov chaw sib tham yuav qhia kev tsim tus cwj pwm tsis yog cov khoom siv ntxiv, txawm hais tias cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los pom tau tias cov tub ntxhais kawm pom Facebook tau ntxiv [62]. Cov kev tshawb fawb txuas ntxiv yog tsim nyog los txiav txim siab siv cov kev txuas ntxiv ntawm kev siv social media ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv tsev kawm. Tshwj xeeb, kev kawm yav tom ntej yuav tsum koom nrog qhov pom ntawm kev tshem tawm thaum cov tub ntxhais kawm tsis muaj peev xwm siv cov chaw sib tham. Yog li, kev tshawb nrhiav yav tom ntej tej zaum yuav tsim nyog los soj ntsuam cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb uas cov tub ntxhais kawm koom nrog hauv social media chaw (piv txwv, tshaj tawm hauv social media sites vs. feem xyuas lwm tus neeg cov ntawv tshaj tawm) thiab seb cov haujlwm sib txawv cuam tshuam li cas rau kev soj ntsuam cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev siv social media Cov. Kev tshawb fawb ntawm kev txhim kho cov twj paj nruag uas ntsuas qhov teeb meem chaw sib tham hauv chaw siv yuav muaj txiaj ntsig los ntawm cov lus nug uas ntes tau qhov sib txawv. Thaum kawg, cov kev tshawb fawb txuas ntxiv yog qhov tsim nyog los tsim cov kev soj ntsuam kev soj ntsuam uas tuaj yeem qhia qhov sib txawv ntawm cov neeg siv ib txwm los ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm uas tau cuam tshuam los ntawm IA / PIU. Tseem muaj kev tshawb fawb ntxiv los soj ntsuam seb cov tub ntxhais kawm no puas tsim nyog tau txais txiaj ntsig thiab tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev tiv thaiv thiab kev kho mob uas raug cai.

Cov kev txwv kev kawm suav nrog qhov ntsuas me me, qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw tshawb xyuas, thiab tshawb nrhiav qhov ntsuas ntawm qhov pom. Tej yam no puav leej yuav txwv txiav tag nrho ntawm cov kev tshwm sim. Kev rov qab lees txais email uas tau xa rau tag nrho cov tub ntxhais kawm lub cev hauv tsev kawm qib siab tau siv los ua cov khoom siv tshuaj xyuas; txawm li cas los xij, nws muaj peev xwm ua tau kom cov tub ntxhais kawm xaiv nws tus kheej rau txoj kev kawm thiab tej zaum yuav muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm uas muaj IA / PIU cov teeb meem uas tsis kam teb rau kev xa email. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev ntsuas tus qauv rau IA / PIU siv rau hauv qhov kev tshawb fawb no tsis muaj cov chaw kuaj mob lossis kev txiav tawm ncaj qha tsim rau kev sib txawv ntawm IA / PIU thiab kev siv Is Taws Nem. Yog li, peb cia siab rau cov neeg tuaj koom kev tshuaj ntsuam tus kheej thiab tus kheej cov ntawv qhia, uas yog qhov tseeb.

Txawm hais tias cov kev txwv no, lub tsev kawm ntawv uas qhov kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb no tsis txawv dua li lwm lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab loj thiab cov qauv kawm tau muaj ntau yam sib txawv nrog rau kev sib txawv ntawm haiv neeg thiab tub ntxhais kawm. Ntxiv mus, cov neeg tuaj koom saib xyuas tus kheej thiab cov lus teb zoo txog lawv tus kheej pom qhov teeb meem siv Is Taws Nem siv qhov tob ntxiv rau kev tshawb pom thiab pab cuam cov ntsiab lus tshawb nrhiav yav dhau los cuam tshuam txog IA / PIU hauv cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv tsev kawm, suav nrog keeb kwm keeb kwm ntawm PIU, kev tshwm sim thiab cov qauv ntawm IA / PIU, thiab cov xwm txheej ntawm IA / PIU. Coob tus tub ntxhais kawm uas peb tau kawm yog xav txog kev puas tsuaj vim lawv siv Is Taws Nem / siv Internet ntau dhau. Nws zoo li feem ntau cov tub ntxhais kawm uas muaj feem yuav raug mob los yog raug mob los ntawm IA / PIU cov teeb meem hauv Asmeskas tsis tau muaj kev tiv thaiv lossis kev kho mob rau lawv cov teeb meem siv Internet dhau lawm. Txawm hais tias lub cev tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thoob ntiaj teb tau los ua pov thawj pom qhov tsis zoo ntawm IA / PIU hauv cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv tsev kawm, tsev kawm qib siab hauv tsev kawm ntawv kev noj qab haus huv thiab lwm lub chaw saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv tau tawm tsam IA / PIU hauv cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv thiab muab kev kho mob vim tias tsis muaj cov cuab yeej kuaj mob thiab kev tiv thaiv tsim nyog [7, 23]. Peb cia siab tias peb qhov kev tshawb pom yuav txhawb nqa kev tshawb xyuas txuas ntxiv hauv thaj chaw nthuav dav no.

Cov Lus Qhia Txhawb

Sau cov tswv yim

Xeeb thiab tsim cov kev sim: WL MOH. Ua qhov kev sim: WL MOH. Tshawb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv: WL JEO SMS. Muab cov reagents / cov khoom siv / tshuaj ntsuas cov khoom siv: WL JEO MOH. Sau cov ntawv: WL JEO SMS MOH.

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