Txiav txim siab ntawm cov teeb meem siv internet ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv hauv el-minia, cov menyuam yaus (2013)

Txoj Kev Txij Nkawm. 2013 Dec;4(12):1429-37.

Kamal NN, Mosallem FA.

Abstract

KEV THOV:

Teeb meem siv Internet (PIU) yog ib qho teeb meem loj hauv Egyptian cov hluas. Txoj kev tshawb no yog tsim los ntsuam xyuas qhov kev nthuav dav ntawm PIU ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv hauv El-Minia Governorate thiab txiav txim siab txog tus kheej, saib xyuas, thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm lawv.

KEV HLOOV:

Txoj kev kawm los ntawm kev sib tshooj yog siv los ntawm qee qhov qauv ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm theem siab hauv El-Minia Cov Thawj Coj. PIU raug tshuaj xyuas los ntawm 20-yam Cov Tub Ntxhais Hluas Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob (YIAT). Cov ntaub ntawv tseem raug sau rau cov pej xeem, kev noj haus, thiab lwm yam muaj mob. Kev txheeb suav cov ntaub ntawv siv: Daim Ntawv Qhia Txog Pob Khoom Siv rau Kev Tshawb Fawb (SPSS-16) software tau siv. Chi-square test (X (2)), Fisher's Exact Test, thiab kev tshuaj ntsuam ib seem ntawm qhov sib txawv (ANOVA) tau siv thaum twg los tau, siv tau. Multinomial logistic regression tsom xam tau kuj tau thov kom suav qhov txawv ntawm cov sib piv (LOSSIS).

COV LUS QHIA:

Ntawm cov 605 cov tub ntxhais kawm, 16 (2.6%) yog Cov Neeg Siv Teeb Zeem Hauv Internet (PIUs), 110 (18.2%) yog Muaj Peev Xwm (PIU). Adolescents nrog PIU tau cuam tshuam nrog txiv neej tub los ntxhais, phooj ywg tsis zoo, kev sib raug zoo hauv tsev neeg, kev pw tsis tsaug zog, thiab kev nyiam huv tus kheej. PIUs tau muaj kev txom nyem ntau dua los ntawm cov tsos mob ntawm lub cev; qhov hnyav nce, kev sib koom tes txhav, tsis muaj lub zog ntawm lub cev, thiab cov tsos mob siab ntsws.

TXHEEJ XWM:

Qhov kev nthuav dav ntawm PIU qhia hauv txoj kev tshawb no tsis tshua muaj, tab sis, cov PIU uas muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo tshaj plaws thiab tiv thaiv kev ntsuas.

KEYWORDS:

Tim lyiv teb chaws, cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv theem siab, teeb meem siv internet

TAW qHIA

Lub vas sab tau ua ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev sib raug zoo, kev qhia, thiab kev lom zem.1] Txawm li cas los xij, raws li hauv internet tau tsiv mus rau hauv tsev, tsev kawm ntawv, internet cafes, thiab cov lag luam, tau muaj kev paub txog cov teeb meem loj tshwm sim los ntawm ntau tshaj, cov khoom siv los yog kev siv hauv internet uas yog ib qho kev paub los ntawm cov ntsiab lus xws li Problematic Internet Use (PIU), kev tiv thaiv hauv internet, kev nyob hauv internet, thiab kev siv internet siv.2]

Tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas, hauv internet tau raug pom zoo rau kev txais yuav los ua ib txoj hauv kev yooj yim rau cov ntaub ntawv rov qab, kev lom zem, thiab kev sib txuas lus. [3] Thaum cov tub ntxhais hluas tau faib cov sij hawm txuas ntxiv rau kev siv internet, qhov kev pheej hmoo rau tsim kev siv internet tsim kho (MIU), suav nrog PIU thiab PIU, yog qhov tsim nyog. [4] Dais thiab Hma txhais PIU yog kev siv Is Taws Nem uas tsim kev puas siab ntsws, kev sib raug zoo, tsev kawm ntawv, thiab / lossis teeb meem kev ua haujlwm nyob hauv tib neeg lub neej. [5]

Cov lus piav qhia rau PIU yog pib nrog: (1) Kev siv internet, (2) siv internet uas yog teeb meem nyuab siab, siv sij hawm los yog ua rau muaj teeb meem kev sib raug zoo, kev ua haujlwm, los yog nyiaj txiag, thiab (3) siv internet tsis tuaj yeem tuaj thaum lub sij hawm hypomanic los yog mob ntsig tib lub sijhawm.6] Li no, PIU tawm tswv yim los ua ib tus neeg tsis muaj peev xwm tswj hwm nws qhov siv internet, yog li ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab thiab / lossis kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo.7] Muaj peev xwm PIU txhais tias yog siv internet uas ua tiav qee yam ntawm PIU cov cai. [8]

Thoob ntiaj teb, lub prevalence ntawm PIU cov hluas thiab cov hluas tau raug pom los ntawm ntau ntawm 0.9% [9] thiab 38%. [10] Tshaj Thoob Ntiaj Teb Txiaj Ntsim ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas PIU sib txawv. Nyob hauv Tebchaws Europe, qhov kev tiv thaiv tau raug tshaj tawm ntawm 1% thiab 9% [11], nyob rau sab nruab nrab sab hnub nyoog qhov kev nthuav dav yog ntawm 1% thiab 12%, [12] thiab hauv Esxias qhov kev pom zoo tau raug tshaj tawm ntawm 2% thiab 18%. [13] Raws li ib qho ntawm cov teeb meem kev puas siab puas ntsws ntawm cov hluas cov hluas, PIU tseem tab tom muaj ntau dua.14]

Cov kev tsis zoo ntawm PIU tau nce zuj zus. Tsis ntev los no, ntau cov kev tshawb fawb tau qhia tias indulging nyob rau hauv kev siv ntawm internet yog txuam nrog ntau yam teeb meem. Cov neeg siv Internet feem ntau muaj cov kev coj noj coj ua tsis tsim nyog thiab kev noj haus tsis zoo, uas yuav ua rau muaj kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob.15] PIU kuj tau txuam nrog lwm tus cwj pwm tsis zoo rau kev haus luam yeeb, haus cawv lossis kas fes, thiab noj tshuaj. [16] Kev siv internet hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas raug cuam tshuam nrog ntau cov kev mob tshwm sim hauv kev puas siab puas ntsws, [17] thiab cov teeb meem ntawm tus kheej.18]

Objectives

Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev kawm tam sim no yog ntsuam xyuas qhov PIU ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv hauv El-Minia Governorate. Lub hom phiaj thib ob yog los tshuaj xyuas cov kev muaj feem cuam tshuam rau PIU ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv hauv El-Minia Governorate.

METHODS

Chaw thiab tsim

Txoj kev tshawb no tau ua tiav thaum Lub Ib Hlis Ntuj - Lub Peb Hlis Ntuj 2012, ntawm El-Minia governorate. Qhov no governorate yog ib tug ntawm Upper Egypt cov Governorates thiab yog 240 km rau sab qab teb ntawm Cairo. Nws yog ib qho kev tshawb fawb txog kev tshawb fawb txog kev txheeb xyuas thiab soj ntsuam cov PIU ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv ntawm ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv El-Minia governorate.

Qauv qauv thiab kev tsim qauv

Hauv El-Minia cov thawj tswj hwm, muaj 85 cov tsev kawm ntawv sib txawv. Hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv no, plaub lub tsev kawm ntawv tau raug xaiv los xaiv tag nrho cov qauv loj (ob lub tsev kawm ntawv thiab ob lub tsev kawm ntawv cov ntxhais). 574 tau los siv cov EPI Info 2000 los ntawm qhov kwv yees nruab nrab ntawm PIU 3% "raws li txoj kev tshawb fawb uas tau ua tiav ntawm 50 cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv uas tsis koom nrog txoj kev tshawb fawb" thiab tag nrho cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv qib siab 12,283 thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm 99.99%. Yog xav paub txog kev tsis lees paub, 620 cov tub ntxhais kawm raug hu thiab cov no, 605 pom zoo los koom rau hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb.

Kawm kev ntsuas

Cov ntaub ntawv raug muab sau los siv cov lus nug ntawm tus kheej. Peb cov lus nug tau muab tso rau hauv 20-30 min sib tham hauv chav kawm ntawm cov xib fwb los txo cov ncauj lus qhia.

Cov ntaub ntawv sau

Cov lus nug pib nrog cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog txhua tus neeg koom nrog, tom qab tsev neeg, kev noj haus thiab cov ntaub ntawv kho mob. Qhov Kev Tshawb Fawb Ntsuas Kev Tiv Thaiv Hluav Taws Xob hauv Is Taws Nem (YIAT) tau thov txhawm rau txhawm rau ntsuas PIU. Lub YIAT muaj 20 cov khoom rau kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas txog kev kawm ntawv, kev siv compulsive, teeb meem kev coj tus cwj pwm, hloov kev xav, thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis txaus siab nrog kev siv internet. Txhua yam khoom muaj nqis los ntawm 1 rau 5, nrog 1 sawv cev "tsis nyob txhua qhov" thiab 5 sawv cev "ib txwm". Li no, tau tag nrho cov qhab nia ntawm 20 rau 100. Cov ntsiab lus txiav tawm hauv qab no tau siv rau tag nrho YIAT tus qhab nia (1) Siv Internet hauv Internet: Cov qhab nia 20-49; (2) Muaj Peev Xwm PIU: Cov qhab nia 50-79; (3) PIUs: Cov qhab nia 80-100. [19] MIU raug txhais ntawm cov neeg koom nrog PIU los yog PIU tej zaum [20]

Ethical thiab administrative cov kev xav

Tsab cai tso cai tau txais los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm tsim los nrog txoj kev tshawb fawb. Ua ntej pib txoj kev tshawb fawb, kev pom zoo raug cai los ntawm Scientific Research Ethics Committee ntawm El-Minia University, kws qhia ntawv. Tsab cai tso cai tau txais los ntawm "Administration of Secondary Education" thiab los ntawm Tus Thawj Coj ntawm txhua lub tsev kawm ntawv ua ntej khaws cov ntaub ntawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev pom zoo tau txais kev ruaj ntseg ntawm txhua tus neeg koom. Lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj kev tshawb no tau piav qhia rau txhua tus neeg koom thiab tau ua kom tiav tsis pub leej twg paub thiab tsis qhia npe ua ntej kev sib tham tim ntsej tim muag.

Daim ntawv sau npe

Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv raug soj ntsuam los ntawm kev siv Cov Ntawv Tshaj Lij rau Social Sciences (SPSS-16) software. Cov kev ntsuam xyuas tau ua tiav rau txhua qhov kev hloov thiab cov PIU prevalence. Chi-square kuaj (X2), Fisher Qhov Kev Ntsuas Cov Ntsuas thiab Ib-txoj kev txheeb xyuas ntawm kev sib txawv (ANOVA) tau siv thaum twg los tau, siv tau. Kev soj ntsuam pom tau ntau yam kev siv ua log ua ke tau siv los laij cov feem sib txawv (LOSSIS) thiab 95% CI ntawm cov txiav txim siab ntawm kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Internet ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm. P <0.05 tau siv los ua cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb.

KEV SIV

Ntawm cov pejxeem kev kawm (n = 605), muaj tub ntxhais kawm 396 (65.5%) thiab 209 (34.5%) ntxhais kawm. Lub hnub nyoog qis dua tus qauv sib txawv (SD) ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas nrog PIU tsis txawv txav ntawm qhov lawv cov neeg siv Internet hauv Internet (16.9 ± 0.3 xyoo vs. 16.49 ± 0.8 xyoo, F = 2.4, P = 0.09). 2.6% (16) tau qhia tias PIUs thiab cov txiv neej muaj 87.5% ntawm lawv, thaum 110 (18.2%) tau pom tias PIU feem ntau thiab feem ntau yog cov txiv neej (70%). Feem ntau ntawm PIUs lawv txiv tau hauj lwm ua hauj lwm (93.7%) thiab lawv niam lawv cov niam tsev (68.7%). Pib hnub nyoog ntawm kev siv Internet yog dhau los ntawm PIU cov tub ntxhais kawm dua li cov neeg siv Internet (12.2 ± 1.9 vs. 13.25 ± 1.9, F = 3.5, P = 0.03). Nrog rau cov chaw hauv Internet, feem ntau cov neeg koom siv thiab nquag siv computers hauv lawv cov tsev thiab cov tub hluas ntxhais hluas nrog PIU ntau dua yuav nkag mus tau rau hauv Internet ntawm lawv tus kheej lub tsev kawm ntawv xws li piv rau cov neeg siv Internet hauv [rooj 1].

rooj 1  

Cov cwj pwm ua pej xeem cov pej xeem muaj raws li theem kev siv yees hauv internet ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm

Raws li tau qhia nyob rau hauv rooj 2, PIU tau txuam nrog ntau yam kev ua haujlwm: Cov phooj ywg tsis tshua muaj kev sib raug zoo (62.8% vs. 19.8%, X2 = 40.6, P = 0.001), tsev neeg kev sib raug zoo (43.8% vs. 20.3%, X2 = 5.2, P = 0.07), lub sijhawm pw (62.5% vsCov. 2.5%, Fisher Qhov Ntsuas Ntsuas = 189, P = 0.0001), thiab kev tu cev tsis zoo (50% vs. 16.7%, X2 = 26.7, P = 0.0001). Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov feem pua ​​ntawm cov tub hluas ntxhais hluas nrog PIU qhia txog kev ua tau zoo hauv kev kawm tau qis tshaj ntawm cov neeg siv Internet (6.5% vs. 20.9%, X2 = 16.2, P = 0.03).

rooj 2  

Cov qauv hauv lub neej raws li theem kev siv yees hauv internet ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm

Feem ntau ntawm cov PIU tau teb tias lawv cov kev noj haus tsis tau hloov lawm kom muaj cov pluas mov me me, tsis noj mov, thiab noj ceev ceev dua li cov neeg siv Internet hauv Internet (X2 = 43.4, P = 0.001, X2 = 32.6, P = 0.001, thiab X2 = 13.01, P = 0.01, feem). PIUs tau muaj feem pua ​​ntawm kev ua tshais pluas tshais (62.5% vs. 33.4%, X2 = 6.6, P = 0.03) raws li qhia hauv rooj 3.

rooj 3  

Cov cwj pwm noj haus raws li theem kev tiv thaiv hauv internet ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm

rooj 4 pom qhov feem pua ​​ntawm qee lub cev thiab kev xav ntawm cov hluas nrog PIU, tej zaum PIU, thiab siv Internet. Muab piv rau kev siv Internet, cov hluas uas muaj PIU feem ntau yuav raug kev txom nyem los ntawm cov tsos mob ntawm lub cev; hnyav nce (31.2% vs. 15.9%, X2 = 8.5, P = 0.01), sib koom ua ke nruj (12.5% vs. 2.9%, X2 = 6.3, P = 0.04), tsis muaj lub cev muaj zog (43.7% vs. 24.6%, X2 = 14.9, P = 0.001), qhov mob rov qab (62.5% vs. 39.5%, X2 = 5.7, P = 0.05), qhov muag mob (62.5% vs. 34.03%, X2 = 18.6, P = 0.0001), thiab cov tsos mob siab ntsws xav; tu siab (25% vs. 5.6%, X2 = 22.1, P = 0.001), zoo siab heev (68.7% vs. 12.1%, X2 = 85.1, P = 0.001), kev zoo siab (18.7% vs. 5.4%, X2 = 17.7, P = 0.001), thiab txhawj xeeb (6.25% vs. 8.03%, X2 = 9.17, P = 0.01).

rooj 4  

Cov teeb meem ntawm cev nqaij daim tawv thiab lub siab lub ntsws los ntawm kev siv internet ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm

Cov Txiav Txim ntawm cov PIU thiab PIU: Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas ntau hom paj hlwb loj [rooj 5] tau qhia tias leej txiv txoj haujlwm kev ua haujlwm, kev sib raug zoo hauv tsev neeg, txiv neej tub poj niam, thiab phooj ywg kev sib raug zoo muaj kev ywj pheej nrog rau PIU thiab PIU.

rooj 5  

Multinomial logistic regression analyzes kom paub cov kev txiav txim siab ntawm kev siv internet ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm

SIB THAM

Hauv Internet yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev sib txuas lus thiab kev sib txuas lus, thiab hloov peb lub neej txhua hnub hauv tsev thiab tom haujlwm. Kuj tsis paub tseeb tias qee tus neeg siv Internet tau tsim muaj teeb meem.21] Tsis muaj ib qho kev tshawb fawb txog epidemiological ntawm PIU tsis yog tus twg lossis tsis tau nyob rau hauv tebchaws Asmeskas. Nyob rau ntawm qhov pom ntawm cov kev tshawb pom, txoj kev tshawb xyuas no tau ua tiav los ntsuam xyuas cov PIU ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv theem siab thiab txiav txim siab txog tus kheej, saib xyuas, tsev neeg, thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm PIU cov hluas.

Cov neeg tuaj koom txoj kev kawm no muaj 605 cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv theem siab. Feem ntau ntawm cov neeg koom thiab nquag siv cov computers hauv lawv tsev. Peb hom kev siv Internet tau txheeb xyuas hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb no: Qee qhov, PIUs, thiab PIUs. PIU prevalence ntawm cov hluas feem ntau yog 2.6%, uas yog muaj feem xyuam nrog cov kev tshawb fawb hauv Internet ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm thoob ntiaj teb; xws li PIU yog 1% nyob rau tim Nkij teb chaws [1], 4% nyob rau hauv Kaus Lim qab teb, [22] 3.1% hauv Finland, [23] 4.2% hauv Lebanon, [24] thiab 4.6% hauv Australia. [25] Nws qhov feem pua ​​qis dua tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau hauv kev siv computer / kev siv Internet ntawm cov hluas hauv Iyiv. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov txawv ntawm txawv teb chaws hais txog qhov nce ntawm PIU tej zaum kuj yuav raug ntaus nqi rau kev ntsuas kev tsim los ntawm kev tsis muaj thoob ntiaj teb kev sib raug zoo ntawm ob qho tib si txhais thiab kev txheeb xyuas ntawm PIU [26] thiab rau ntau cov qauv thiab kev sib txuas lus. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntawm cov kev kawm pejxeem tshawb xyuas txog 18.2% cov tub ntxhais hluas raug txheeb tau nrog PIU uas muaj qis dua qhov uas tau pom hauv lwm txoj haujlwm; uas kwv yees li ib-thib tsib (19.4%) ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas raug txheeb xyuas nrog PIU tej zaum. [4]

Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias yog poj niam los ua ib qho kev xav ntawm PIU. Yav dhau los txoj kev tshawb no tau tshawb pom tias cov neeg siv Internet tau siv ntau dua rau PIU. [1] Hauv kev sib piv, lwm txoj kev kawm sib nrauj hais tias cov poj niam muaj ntau dua rau PIU dua li txiv neej. [27] Txawm li cas los xij, ib txoj kev tshawb nrhiav pom tsis muaj poj niam los sis txiv neej sib txawv li cas rau kev tiv thaiv hauv internet (IA). [28] Txoj kev tshawb no txhawb cov phau ntawv sau ua neeg hais tias txiv neej yuav raug ntau dua los ntawm PIU thiab qhov kev piav qhia rau qhov no yog tias cov txiv neej muaj feem ntau ua si hauv online games, koom nrog cybersex, thiab twv txiaj online.

Raws li cov kws tshawb fawb hauv Kaus Lim, qhov ua rau PIU tsis muaj lub hauv paus tsim nyog xwb, tab sis kuj yog pej xeem thiab nyiaj txiag. [11] Txoj kev tshawb xyuas tam sim no tau lees paub qhov no los ntawm kev tshawb pom tias cov niam txiv txoj haujlwm thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv uas muaj ntau dua cov nus muag tau muaj feem ntau ntawm PIU.

Txoj kev tshawb no qhia tau hais tias PIU cov tub hluas ntxhais hluas muaj feem ntau muaj teeb meem ntawm cov neeg tsis paub, vim PIU tseem ceeb tshaj ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas muaj cov phooj ywg tsis zoo thiab tsev neeg kev sib raug zoo. Cov kws tshawb fawb pom tau hais tias feem ntau ntawm kev siv Internet hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas ua rau lawv xav ib leeg, ua rau muaj teeb meem tsis zoo, thiab ua rau tsev neeg tsis zoo thiab phooj ywg kev sib raug zoo.29] Cov niam txiv siab-hluas feem coob tau teeb meem los ntawm PIU rau cov hluas; raws li cov tub ntxhais hluas uas muaj teeb meem ntau dua nrog lawv niam lawv txiv tsis kam ua raws li kev saib xyuas ntawm lawv niam lawv txiv, nrog rau cov cai tswj kev siv Internet.30]

Cov neeg siv feem ntau hauv Internet tau tshaj tawm cov qauv kev pw tsaug zog tsis zoo thiab ntau lub sijhawm ntawm kev ntxhov siab tsis zoo dua li cov neeg siv Internet tsis muaj teeb meem. Qhov no yog ib qho kev kawm yav dhau los ntawm Kauslim cov tub ntxhais hluas uas pom tau tias PIU tau txuam nrog insomnia, apnea, thiab npau suav phem. [31] Kev siv lub sijhawm dhau los ntawm kev siv Internet yuav tsim kev tsis txaus siab thiab kev qaug zog, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev kawm ntawv thiab ua rau kev hloov paug thiab kev kawm tsis zoo.32]

Nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no, PIU muaj ntau cov hluas uas tau tawm tsam kev noj tshais. Qhov kev tshawb nrhiav no tsim nyog txij li thaum PIU rov tuaj lig hmo ntuj thiab tuaj yeem lig dhau rau pluas tshais. [33] Qhov ntau ntawm kev snaking yuav muaj feem xyuam mus ua cov pluas noj, cov khoom noj txom ncauj ntau heev tau pom hauv PIUs dua li cov neeg siv internet. Ntxiv mus, cov khoom noj txom ncauj uas peb nyiam tshaj plaws yog cov khoom noj ceev, uas yog khoom noj txom ncauj tsis zoo uas muaj cov roj calorie ntau ntau los ntawm cov rog thiab cov suab thaj yooj yim tab sis nrog rau lwm cov khoom noj xws li cov vitamins thiab minerals. Yog li PIUs muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev coj noj coj ua uas yuav cuam tshuam lawv txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob. Qhov no muab sib piv nrog ib txoj kev tshawb pom pom tias PIU tau noj zaub mov qis tshaj plaws, pom los ntawm ntau dua kev snaking dua li cov neeg siv Internet.15]

Cov menyuam yaus thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas muaj kev pheej hmoo siab dua rau cov teebmeem tsis zoo ntawm PIU dua li cov laus vim tsis tiav kev loj hlob. Peb txoj kev tshawb pom pom cov hluas nrog PIU feem ntau yuav muaj kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov tsos mob ntawm lub cev, xws li tsis muaj lub cev muaj zog (cov tub ntxhais kawm tuaj yeem sab nraud lossis pw hauv chav kawm vim tias kev sib tham hauv Internet txhua hmo), hloov kev pw tsaug zog, [34] rov nraub qaum, thiab qhov muag nrhau ntawm lub sijhawm ntev ntawm kev siv lub computer. Qhov kev pheej hmoo no tau raug tshaj tawm los ntawm ntau qhov Internet thiab siv computer. [35] PIU tej zaum yuav nyuaj siab, thim, los yog txhawj xeeb los ntawm ob qho tib si ntawm lub cev thiab lub hlwb ntawm PIU. [36]

Nquag thiab nce PIUs txiav lawv tus kheej ntawm lawv tsev neeg, cov phooj ywg, thiab cov kev sib raug zoo thiab xaiv siv lawv lub sijhawm feem ntau nyob ib leeg. Qhov kev tshawb pom no qhia tau tias leej txiv txoj haujlwm tshaj lij, thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm tsev neeg yog qhov muaj feem ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo PIU, cov txiaj ntsig no yuav qhia tau tias muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo thiab PIU.37]

Qee cov kev txwv kuj tau txheeb xyuas hauv txoj kev tshawb no. Ua ntej, txoj kev tshawb no yog qhov kev tshawb nrhiav kev sib txig, yog li ntawd, peb tsis tuaj yeem lees paub cov koom haum ua pawg ntawm PIU thiab qhov raug txim. Qhov thib ob, cov lus nug tau muab rau nws tus kheej thiab yuav raug xa rov qab los yog tshaj tawm txog kev tsis ncaj ncees. Qeb peb, txij li thaum qhov kev tshawb fawb tau ua nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawv, nws muaj peev xwm hais tias qee cov tub ntxhais kawm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov PIU, tau tawm ntawm chav kawm thaum nug cov lus nug. Yog li, qhov kev tshawb fawb muaj peev xwm muaj PIU uas tsis tau muaj npe los ntawm kev ua tsis tau cov lus teb ntawm cov neeg uas raug siv los ntawm kev siv Internet uas tsis tshua tawm hauv lawv chav, yog li ua rau lub luag hauj lwm ntawm PIU. Cov kev kawm yav tom ntej yuav tsum tau sim los txiav txim siab siv cov kev tiv thaiv, thiab kev tsim kho rau cov kev kho mob rau PIU.

XAUS

PIU tsis tshua muaj cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv hauv Iyiv siab. Cov tub hluas ntxhais hluas nrog PIU tau txais kev pom zoo los qhia txog cov kev tsis sib raug zoo hauv tsev neeg thiab kev sib raug zoo, thiab muaj kev pheej hmoo rau qee qhov teeb meem ntawm cev nqaij daim tawv thiab kev xav.

tswv yim pom zoo

Cov kws qhia ntawv thiab cov xibfwb qhia ntawv yuav tsum paub txog qhov ua tau zoo thiab qhov teebmeem uas muaj feem xyuam nrog kev siv internet ntau rau kev tiv thaiv ntxov. Nws tseem yuav tsum ua kom cov hluas thiab lawv cov niam txiv paub txog cov kev piam sij ntawm PIU thiab ua tib zoo saib rau qhov kev cuam tshuam nrog nws.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Cov sau phau ntawv xav kom lawv ua lawv tsaug rau txhua tus menyuam kawm ntawv uas tau koom nrog txoj kev kawm, thiab leej twg tau muab lawv lub sijhawm los teb peb cov lus nug.

Tshooj ntawv

Los ntawm Kev Txhawb: nil

 

Teeb meem ntawm kev txaus siab: Tsis muaj tshaj tawm

ua tim khawv

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