Kev loj hlob thiab kev siv ntawm Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI) (2014)

Citation: Lin YH, Chang LR, Lee YH, Tseng HW, Kuo TBJ, et al. (2014) Kev Loj Hlob thiab Kev Txhim Kho ntawm Lub Peev Tiv Thaiv Cov Khoom Siv Smartphone (SPAI). PLOS ONE 9 (6): e98312. doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0098312

editor: Jeremy Mais, Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Kev Tsim Kho Kev Lag Luam, Tebchaws Asmeskas

Tau txais: Lub Kaum Hlis 18, 2013; Tau txais: Lub Plaub Hlis 30, 2014; Luam tawm Lub rau hli ntuj 4, 2014

Copyright: © 2014 Lin li al. Nov yog tsab xov xwm qhib kev nkag tau faib nyob rau hauv nqe lus ntawm Creative Commons Attribution Licence, uas tso cai siv, kev faib khoom, thiab kev tsim tawm hauv txhua qhov nruab nrab, los ntawm tus thawj tus kws sau ntawv thiab qhov chaw muaj npe.

Nyiaj: Cov sau phau ntawv no tsis muaj kev txhawb lossis nyiaj txiag los tshaj tawm.

Kev nyiam kev sib tw: Cov sau phau ntawv tau tshaj tawm tias tsis muaj kev sib tw txaus siab.

Introduction

Kev siv ntau dhau ntawm cov xov tooj ntse tau tshwm sim los ua qhov teeb meem kev sib raug zoo nrog kev ua kom nrov nrov ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm lub xov tooj. Kev yees "Smartphone" yees yuav suav tau tias yog ib hom kev siv yees. Griffiths [1] kev ua haujlwm txhais tau tias kev yees yees yog ib txoj kev coj cwj pwm uas cuam tshuam nrog tib neeg-tshuab kev sib cuam tshuam thiab tsis muaj tshuaj lom neeg. Tus cwj pwm zoo sib xws, kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Internet, tau muab cais ua "hom kev quav yeeb tshuaj thiab kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj" nyob rau hauv Kev Ntsuas Xyuas thiab Cov Ntawv Teev Tseg ntawm Kev Puas Hlwb, 5th tsab (DSM-5) [2]Cov. Nws yog ib qho uas tsis yog kev quav yeeb tshuaj muaj lub tswv yim los ntawm kev soj ntsuam cov txheej txheem rau kev tsim cov tshuaj muaj yees kom muab ob qho tib si ntawm kev xav txog kev puas siab puas ntsws thiab kev taw qhia rau cov qauv kev quav yeeb tshuaj. [3], [4]Cov. Piv txwv li, peb tau txheeb tsib yam tseem ceeb, piv txwv li, kam rau ua, tshem tawm, yam ntxwv cuam tshuam, tswj lub sijhawm, thiab tus kheej & teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv hauv kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Is Taws Nem [5].

Smartphone pabcuam tsis yog ua haujlwm ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes, lub koob yees duab, lub koob yees duab, kev ua si thiab ntau tus neeg siv xov xwm, tabsis tseem muaj phav phav tus thov mobile app (app) uas muaj Is Taws Nem. Yog li, qee cov tsos mob ntawm kev yees smartphone yuav txawv ntawm cov uas muaj yees hauv Is Taws Nem. Txoj kev tshawb no tsis ntev los no tshawb txog rau (6) yam hauv smartphone yees [6]Cov. Nws tawm tswv yim tias kev yees cov tshuaj smartphone yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab zoo li qhov kev tsim kho kom muaj ntau. Hauv qhov kev tshawb fawb no, txawm li cas los xij, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hnub nyoog tau sib txawv ntau (ntawm 18 txog 53 xyoo) thiab cov poj niam tau nce siab dua [6]Cov. Dhau li ntawm, cov lus txhais ntawm "kam rau ua" thiab "rho tawm" hauv kev kawm dhau los [6] tsis zoo ib yam rau cov uas nyob hauv DSM [2]Cov. Qhov sib txawv, kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Internet yog qhov muaj npe tias feem ntau muaj hauv cov tub ntxhais kawm tsev kawm qib siab, txiv neej poj niam txiv neej yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev pheej hmoo [7], thiab nquag sib ntxiv nrog kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj [8]Cov. Cov kev soj ntsuam ntxiv ntawm lub hlwb yog xav los kuaj qhov tsim nyog ntawm cov twj paj nruag rau Smartphone yees.

Phantom kev co thiab lub suab ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes, qhov kev nkag siab tsis meej tias lub xov tooj ntawm tes tau pom tau tias lub suab nrov thiab nrov nrov thaum nws tsis yog, yog cov kev pom tseeb hauv cov pej xeem. Peb qhov kev kawm ntev dhau los qhia tau hais tias ob qhov kev sib txuam tau cuam tshuam nrog kev ntxhov siab thaum ua haujlwm kho mob, thiab kev cuam tshuam loj heev thiab suab nrov tau cuam tshuam nrog kev ntxhov siab thiab kev ntxhov siab. [9]Cov. Txawm li cas los xij, lub koom haum ua ke ntawm ob qhov xwm txheej tshwm sim tshiab ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes, piv txwv li, "phantom kev co / lub suab nrov" thiab "kev quav smartphone" yog tsis paub.

Lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov kev kawm no yog tsim los ntsuas tus kheej cov tswv yim siv los ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Is Taws Nem thiab lub xov tooj ntawm lub ntsej muag, thiab txheeb xyuas cov neeg quav yeeb quav tshuaj. Peb suav tias kev yees tshuaj smartphone muaj ntau yam uas zoo sib xws nrog kev tiv thaiv kev quav yeeb tshuaj hauv Is Taws Nem thiab kev quav yeeb tshuaj, xws li kam rau ua, tshem tawm, kev coj tsis tus, thiab kev cuam tshuam lub neej txhua hnub. Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob (SPAI) tshwj xeeb yog tsim los ntawm Chen Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS) nrog nws cov qauv zoo tsib yam. Qhov kev tshawb fawb no tau tshuaj xyuas qhov kev ntseeg tau thiab tau txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm qhov tsim tau ntawm lub Xov Tooj Sau Tsim Smartphone Tshiab.

txoj kev

Cov neeg koom

Tag nrho ntawm 283 cov tub ntxhais hluas cov hluas tau raug xaiv los ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob thiab Chav Tuam Tsev Hluav Taws Xob thiab Kev Sib Txuas Lus ntawm ob lub tsev kawm ntawv hauv Northern Taiwan thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2012 txog Lub Xya Hli 2013. Lub tswv yim nrhiav cov neeg ua haujlwm yog saib raws li qhov muaj peev xwm nce siab dua ntawm kev siv smartphone ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm no. Txhua tus tub ntxhais kawm uas siv smartphone koom nrog qhov kev kawm no. Ntawm cov no, 260 yog txiv neej thiab 23 yog poj niam, nrog lub hnub nyoog 22.9 ± 2.0. Txoj kev tshawb no tau pom zoo los ntawm Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg ntawm National Taiwan University Tsev Kho Mob, uas zam qhov kev xav tau sau ntawv pom zoo los ntawm cov neeg tuaj koom, vim tias cov ntaub ntawv tau tshuaj ntsuam tsis qhia npe. Txhua qhov kev tshawb fawb hauv tsev kho mob tau ua raws li cov ntsiab cai tau hais tawm hauv Kev Tshaj Tawm ntawm Helsinki.

Kev loj hlob ntawm SPAI

Ob tug kws kho mob hlwb tsim nyog, Lin thiab Tseej, muaj kev paub txog kev quav yeeb tshuaj thiab kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Internet, tau hloov kho 26-khoom Chen Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS) rau kev ntsuas "smartphone quav". Kev tshawb nrhiav lub hlwb ntawm kev hloov kho kho tshiab ntawm CIAS tau ua los ntawm Lin nrog kev tso cai los ntawm Chen, nyob rau hauv uas tsib subscales tau txheeb xyuas los ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav kev soj ntsuam [5]Cov. Lo lus '' Internet '' raug hloov mus ua '' smartphone ''. Mandarin suav lus ntawm kev ntsuas tau ua tiav los ntawm ib pawg kws tshaj lij. Cov kev hloov kho zaum kawg suav nrog cov hauv qab no: (1) Cov Khoom 4 thiab 6 tau hloov los ntawm cov khoom sib xws semantically 2 thiab 3 ntawm 12-yam khoom muaj teeb meem Xov tooj ntawm tes siv lus nug [10], vim tias qhov khoom qub tsis tuaj yeem nkag siab qhov yooj yim los ntawm kev siv "kev siv smartphone" los hloov "kev siv Is Taws Nem" (2). Vim tias qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev siv smartphone, nqe 21, piv txwv li, “saib smartphone thaum hla kev; fumbling nrog ib tus lub xov tooj thaum tsav tsheb lossis tos, thiab ua rau muaj kev phom sij "tau ntxiv rau tom kawg ntawm cov nplai (3). Rau nqe 23, kab lus tau muab hloov pauv los ntawm thawj "Kuv ua rau nws tus cwj pwm kom tsaug zog tsawg dua yog li muaj sijhawm ntau hauv online." raws li "Kuv ua rau nws tus cwj pwm los siv smartphone thiab lub sijhawm pw tsaug zog thiab tag nrho cov sijhawm pw tsaug zog." (4) Rau nqe 25, kab lus tau hloov kho los ntawm thawj “Kuv tsis tau noj mov ntawm lub sijhawm ib txwm vim tias kuv siv Is Taws Nem” Cov kev hloov kho (3) thiab (4) tau raug raws li cov xeeb ceem ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm smartphone txawv los ntawm “Ib txwm” siv Internet hauv koos pis tawj. Cov neeg koom tau hais kom ntsuas cov khoom ntawm 4-point Likert nplai, 1 = tsis pom zoo kiag li ", 2 =" tsis pom zoo qee yam ", 3 =" pom zoo me ntsis "thiab 4 =" pom zoo heev, kom SPAI tag nrho cov qhab nia zoo li ntawm 26 txog 104.

Phantom kev co thiab lub suab nug cov lus nug

Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj kev xaiv ntsej muag, cov lus nug tsuas tau hais tias: "Peb thov koj koom nrog kev kawm txog cov xov tooj ntawm tes." Cov lus nug suav nrog seb tus neeg teb puas tau muaj kev vibrant thiab nrov li cas hauv peb lub hlis dhau los [9], [11]Cov. Rau cov neeg uas tshaj tawm phantom kev co lossis suab nrov, peb tseem nug seb puas muaj kev thab plaub npaum li cas rau plaub-kis Likert nplai, piv txwv li, 1 = "tsis muaj kev sib tsoo phantom / suab nrov", 2 = "tsis muaj kev thab plaub txhua" 3 = "bothersome" , 4 = "bothersome" lossis "bothersome" raws li kev tshawb pom dhau los [9].

Kev Tshawb Fawb Tsom

Txhua qhov kev ntsuam xyuas tau ua tiav siv SPSS version 15.0 rau Windows (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). Cov ntsiab lus piav qhia txog tag nrho cov qauv tau ua tiav los qhia cov neeg koom qhov yam ntxwv ntawm cov pej xeem. Kev tsim kho qhov siv tau ntawm SPAI raug soj ntsuam los ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav qhov tseem ceeb uas siv tus txheej txheem tseem ceeb raws kev ntsuas kwv yees tus qauv thiab kev hloov pauv hloov pauv. Cov phiaj xwm scree ntawm xaj eigenvalues ​​ntawm ib qho kev sib raug zoo sib luag tau siv los txiav txim cov naj npawb tsim nyog ntawm cov kev rho tawm. Ib qhov kev thauj khoom ntawm> 0.30 tau siv los txiav txim siab cov khoom rau txhua yam. Cov kev sib raug zoo hauv chav kawm tau muab xam rau cov kev ntsuas ntawm kev ntseeg tau rov qab zoo, thiab Cronbach's alpha raug suav rau qhov sib xyaw nrog sab hauv. Lub Pearson cuam tshuam ntawm nruab nrab ntawm subscales (yam) thiab phantom kev co / lub suab nrov tau pom.

tau

Koom xwm kev ua qauv ntawm SPAI

Tag nrho cov qhab nia ntawm SPAI hauv qhov kev kawm no muaj los ntawm 26 txog 82 (txhais tau tias: 51.31 ± 11.77). Cov txiaj ntsig kev ntsuam xyuas tau tshwm sim hauv rooj 1Cov. Plaub yam tseem ceeb nrog eigenvalues ​​tshaj 1 tau muab rho tawm, ua ke piav qhia 57.28% ntawm tag nrho cov ntsuas. Qhov piv txwv tag nrho ntawm 26-yam teev ntsuas tau siv Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin, thiab tus nqi siab ntawm 0.93 tau tshaj tawm. Tus p-value ntawm kev twv ntawm Bartlett tsawg dua 0.001, uas qhia tau hais tias kev ntsuas ntsuas tau tsim nyog.

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Rooj 1. Kev sojntsuam rau lub xov tooj ntawm tes yees (SPAI).

doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0098312.txt

Sab hauv kom sib xws thiab kuaj-rov nco kev ntseeg tau

Cronbach's alpha rau tag nrho cov ntsuas yog 0.94, thiab rau plaub yam, "kev coj tus cwj pwm tsis zoo", "kev xiam oob qhab", "rho tawm", thiab "thev taus" yog 0.87, 0.88, 0.81, thiab 0.72, ua ntu zus. Peb kuj tau xaiv 85 tus neeg tuaj koom los tshuaj xyuas ob-lub limtiam kev tshuaj ntsuam-rov tso siab kev ntseeg (kev sib koom tes ntawm cov chav kawm sib xws) ntawm SPAI thiab nws 4 subscales, uas ua rau 0.80-0.91 (p

Kev sib txheeb ntawm cov yees kev yees thiab phantom kev co / lub suab nrov

rooj 2 qhia tawm tias plaub qhov nqes ntawm SPAI muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm qhov chaw nruab nrab (0.56 – 0.78). Lub phantom kev co tsis nthuav tawm tseem ceeb kev sib raug zoo nrog tej subcale ntawm SPAI. Kev hu nkauj phantom tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam rau "kev coj tus cwj pwm tsis zoo" thiab "kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo", tab sis tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog "kev tshem tawm" lossis "thev taus".

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Rooj 2. Sib txheeb, txhais tau tias, thiab cov qauv sib txawv rau cov subscales ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Ntaus Smartphone (SPAI) thiab phantom kev co / lub suab nrov.

doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0098312.txt

kev sib tham

Peb tsim SPAI los ntawm CIAS thiab tsim nws plaub yam qauv: kev coj tus cwjpwm tsis zoo, kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, tshem tawm, thiab kam rau ua, los ntawm kev tshawb xyuas yam tseem ceeb. Okoj cov kev tshawb pom pom tau hais tias kev ua tshuaj smartphone muaj ntau yam zoo ib yam li cov tshuaj muaj yees thiab cuam tshuam ntxiv hauv DSM-5. Cov subscales no qhia tau zoo nyob rau sab hauv thiab tuaj yeem lees txais 2-lub limtiam sim-rov ntseeg tau. Smartphone muaj qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv sib txuas hauv Internet, chaw txawb chaw thiab tiag tiag ntawm kev sib txuas lus. Cov tsos mob ntawm lub yees muaj yees yuav txawv ntawm cov uas siv yees hauv Is Taws Nem [5] lossis "muaj teebmeem siv lub xovtooj ntawm tes" [10]Cov. Piv txwv, cov khoom 25 “Kuv tsis tuaj yeem noj zaub mov yam tsis muaj kev siv smartphone” hloov los ntawm cov khoom qub tau los ntawm qhov teeb meem “lub sijhawm tswj hwm teeb meem” hauv CIAS, tau raug cais raws li cov tsos mob tshem tawm hauv SPAI.

"Kev coj tus cwj pwm tsis zoo" tau suav hais tias yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev quav, thiab dav ntsuas rau cov tib neeg uas quav cawv [12] thiab kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj nyob hauv Internet [13]Cov. Cov khoom 7, "Txawm hais tias siv lub xov tooj smartphone tau ua rau muaj kev tsis zoo rau kuv txoj kev sib raug zoo, ntau lub sijhawm siv Is Taws Nem tseem tsis tau paub", nrog rau qhov siab tshaj plaws kev thauj mus los hauv kev coj tus cwj pwm zoo suav txog ob qhov tsos mob feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kev txiav txim siab teeb meem hauv kev kawm dhau los ntawm cov teeb meem siv xov tooj ntawm tes [10]Cov. Nws pom tias kev siv compulsive smartphone tsis tuaj yeem nres txawm tias thaum cov neeg quav ntxiv paub txog qhov tsis zoo. "Kev coj tus cwj pwm tsis zoo" hauv SPAI suav nrog cov khoom ntawm plaub yam, kam rau ua, tshem tawm, yuam thiab cuam tshuam nrog kev mob nkeeg & cov teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv hauv thawj CIAS. Cov khoom no tseem them rau cov khoom tib yam hauv "kev cuam tshuam lub neej txhua hnub", "kev cia siab zoo", "tshem tawm", "Kev siv ntau dhau", "Kev zam txim siab", tab sis tsis muaj ib yam hauv "Cyberpace-oriented kev sib raug zoo" ntawm Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS) [6]Cov. Nws tsis yog hais tias tsuas yog cov tsos mob hloov ntawm lub koos pij tawj- txog lub xov tooj ntawm smartphone, tab sis kuj tseem muaj feem yuav ntxiv kev faib tawm hauv cov qauv sib txawv.

Qhov "kev tsis taus ntawm kev ua haujlwm" suav nrog (1) plaub ntawm tsib yam zoo sib xws ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo hauv Teeb Meem Xov Tooj Siv Xov Xwm, (2) peb yam khoom muaj feem ntsig txog teeb meem pw tsaug zog tau los ntawm "teeb ​​meem tswj hwm sijhawm" hauv CIAS thiab (3) yam khoom 24 koom nrog "Nce sijhawm ntawm smartphone" thiab "ua tiav kev txaus siab tib yam li ua ntej". Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev pw tsaug zog muaj teeb meem zoo ib yam nrog kev sib raug zoo ntawm yav tsaus ntuj thiab kev siv compulsive Internet hauv peb cov kev tshawb fawb dhau los [13]Cov. Epidemiological daim ntawv tshuaj ntsuam pom tsis yog siv Is Taws Nem siv nws tus kheej nkaus xwb tab sis kuj "sij hawm screen" cuam tshuam txog kev pw tsaug zog [14], thiab kev sim kho lub cev tau hais tias xiav lub teeb ci pom kev diodes cuam tshuam rau txoj kev ncig circadian [15]Cov. Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj tau piav qhia tib txoj hauv kev siv tshuaj smartphone. Ob yam khoom, 12 thiab 24, tau hla kev thauj khoom hauv “qhov ua haujlwm tsis zoo” thiab “kev coj ua tsis zoo”. Txij li cov tsos mob ntawm lub xov tooj yees muaj peev xwm ua rau "kev tsis taus zoo", tus ntoo khaub lig-muaj nyob.

Item 2, 4 thiab 16 ntawm rau (6) yam hauv "kev thim tawm" muab tau los ntawm tib cov khoom rho tawm hauv CIAS. Cov khoom 2 thiab 4 tseem sib haum rau cov khoom 19 thiab 23 ntawm kev rho tawm yam hauv SAS. Dhau li, cov khoom 25 zoo ib yam li cov khoom sib thooj “Nqa kuv lub smartphone mus rau chav dej txawm tias thaum kuv maj mus txog ntawd” hauv SAS. Nws tau piav qhia txog kev rho tawm cov tsos mob ntawm lub smartphone vim nws txoj kev tshem tau. Hauv nqe 14, "tus qhib qhov muag" kuj tau nthuav tawm hauv SAS, tab sis nws tau hais txog kev sib txuas nrog kev sib raug zoo hauv kev sib tham. Yeej paub zoo tias tus neeg mob haus cawv haus cawv yuav mus txog thaum sawv ntxov, li no yuav tsum tau haus dej li "qhov qhib qhov muag"[16]Cov. Vim tias lub chaw txawb tau zoo thiab siv tau Is Taws Nem nkag mus tau, “lub qhov muag qhib” yog ib qho tseem ceeb thiab nquag tshem tawm cov tsos mob ntawm kev quav yeeb tshuaj hauv smartphone. Cov khoom 19 “hnov qhov xav siv kuv lub smartphone ntxiv tom qab kuv tsum tsis siv nws” tau hla kev nkag ntawm “kev siv tsis zoo” thiab “tshem tawm”. Feem ntau, cov tsos mob tshem tawm ntawm cov tshuaj tsis tshwm sim "txoj cai tom qab nres nws". Peb nyiam qhov khoom no “rho tawm” xav txog qhov tshwj xeeb tshem tawm cov tsos mob no hauv kev siv smartphone.

Qhov ua tau "kam rau ua" muaj peb yam hauv SPAI tab sis qhov chaw thau khoom nce siab nyob hauv thawj ob yam. Kev nkag siab tau txhais tias yog siv ntau thiab ntau lub sijhawm ntawm kev siv smartphone, uas yog tib lub tswvyim ntawm kev ua siab ntev hauv DSM [2] tab sis sib txawv ntawm lub ntsiab lus "ib txwm sim tswj hwm ib tus siv smartphone tab sis ib txwm tsis ua raws li" hauv SAS [6]Cov. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog qhov nthuav siab heev tias qhov zoo siab txais tau muaj qis eigenvalue qis tshaj plaws hauv SPAI thiab SAS [6]Cov. Kev nthuav qhia sib txawv ntawm kev zam lub ntsej muag hauv smartphone los ntawm kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Internet lossis kev siv tshuaj yeeb dej caw yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tau txiav txim siab. Cov tib neeg tau sib pauv ntau dua thiab ntau cov ntaub ntawv hauv lawv cov kev sib raug zoo txij li thaum pib siv smartphone. Zoo li cov tib neeg uas muaj hnyav siv nrog cannabis uas feem ntau tsis paub txog tias muaj kev ua siab ntev [17], cov mob kam rau ua nyob rau hauv kev quav tshuaj smartphone yuav tsis tshua pom. Kev qaug siab rau tej zaum yuav nyuaj rau txiav txim los ntawm keeb kwm noj ib leeg thaum siv cov tshuaj sib xyaw nrog lwm cov tshuaj [17]Cov. Piv txwv li txhua tus neeg koom nrog txoj kev tshawb no siv smartphone thiab Is Taws Nem nyob rau hauv khoos phis tawj, piv txwv, lawv tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv kev sib raug zoo los ntawm ob txoj hauv kev. Yog li, qhov kev zam yuav tsum tau tshaj tawm los ntawm cov lus qhia sab, xws li yam khoom 1, piv txwv li, "Kuv tau hais ntau dua ib zaug tias kuv tau siv sijhawm ntau dhau ntawm cov xov tooj ntawm smartphone." Txawm li cas los xij, raws li cov cim thib ob uas muaj teeb meem hauv kev siv xov tooj ntawm tes hauv kev sib kis yav dhau los kev sojntsuam, "kev thev taus" tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm cov uas muaj teebmeem tsis zoo los ntawm kev siv xov tooj ntawm tes los ntawm cov neeg uas tsis muaj kev tsis taus zoo [10]. Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj pom tias ua siab ntev yog lub txiaj ntsig zoo. Qhov ua tau kam rau ua tsis tau muaj tsawg tshaj (plaub) yam nyob hauv thawj CIAS [5], thiab muaj qhov tsis muaj qhov sib txheeb ntawm lub tswvyim ntawm "qhov cuam tshuam tsawg dua kev cuam tshuam nrog kev siv txuas ntxiv ntawm cov nyiaj" uas tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua siab ntev rau hauv DSM [2]Cov. Hauv kev txhim kho tom ntej, lub tswvyim yuav tsum muab ntxiv rau hauv.

Peb pom zoo phantom kev co thiab lub suab nrov ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm smartphone yog cov chaw ywj pheej ntawm cov yees ua yees siv raws li qhov tsis tshua muaj kev sib raug zoo. Txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv tus qauv rau-qib hauv SAS, lub suab ntawm phantom tsis tuaj yeem raug txwv tsis pub muaj qee yam.

Piv nrog rau kev kawm dhau los [6], nws muaj peb lub zog loj ntawm qhov kev kawm no. Ua ntej, cov koom nrog cov txiv neej cov tub ntxhais kawm siab dua li tsev kawm qib siab, uas yog qhov kev pheej hmoo siab tshaj plaws hauv kev quav yeeb tshuaj thiab quav yeeb tshuaj hauv Internet [7]Cov. Thib ob, plaub tus qauv ntawm SPAI muaj xwm yeem ntau nrog plaub yam, piv txwv li, siv ntau dhau, tshem tawm, kam rau ua, thiab qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo, uas txhua yam kev hloov pauv ntawm kev siv Internet sib ntxiv. [18]Cov. Thib peb, Peb tau siv cov qauv txhais ntawm kev thev taus thiab thim tawm hauv DSM es tsis suav sau lub ntsiab lus piav qhia ntawm txhua yam nyob hauv tib qho.

Muaj ntau ntau txoj kev teev cia cov txheej txheem uas yuav tsum tau sau tseg thaum txhais peb cov lus tshawb pom. Ua ntej, tag nrho cov kev tshawb nrhiav tau qhia txog tus kheej, thiab ib lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb tshaj yog qhov xav tau los tshuaj xyuas qhov ua tau txuas nrog lub sijhawm. Piv txwv li, ib daim ntawv thov sau tseg qhov zaus thiab lub sijhawm ntawm kev siv smartphone tiag tiag [19], [20]Cov. Thib ob, tus qauv tsuas muaj cov tub ntxhais kawm qib siab, uas txwv qhov dav dav ntawm kev tshawb pom. Cov kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam cov kev puas siab ntsws ntawm qhov ntsuas ntawm qhov ntsuas cov pej xeem. Thib peb, tsuas yog muaj peb yam nyob hauv qhov chaw ua siab ntev, uas yuav tsum tau nthuav dav kom ua tus qauv ruaj khov. Thaum kawg, raws li ib qho ntawm cov kev kawm txog kev sim nyob hauv daim teb no, qhov theoretical lub hauv paus ntawm qhov kev tshawb fawb tam sim no tseem tsis txaus.

Hauv cov ntsiab lus, cov txiaj ntsig tau los ntawm qhov kev kawm no muab pov thawj tias SPAI yog ib qho siv tau thiab ntseeg tau tus kheej kev tswj hwm tus kheej los txheeb xyuas kev quav yeeb tshuaj smartphone. Qhov xwm yeem zoo sib xws nrog kev quav yeeb tshuaj thiab cov kev cuam tshuam ntxiv hauv DSM cuam tshuam cov cuab yeej ntawm "kev quav" zoo tib yam hauv cov tshuaj yees.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Peb thov ua tsaug rau Mr. Yu-De Liao, Ms. Yu-Jie Chen thiab Ying-Zai Chen rau lawv cov kev pabcuam.

Sau cov tswv yim

Xeeb thiab tsim cov kev sim: Y. Lin. Ua cov kev sim: LRC Y. Lee HWT. Tshawb nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv: TBJK SHC. Muab cov tshuaj reagents / cov khoom siv / tshuaj ntsuas cov khoom: LRC. Sau cov ntawv no: Y. Lin.