Kev loj hlob ntawm korean smartphone yees proneness scale rau cov hluas (2012)

PLoS Ib. 2014 Tej zaum 21; 9 (5): e97920. doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0097920.

Kim D1, Lee Y1, Lee J1, Nam JK1, Chuav Y2.

Sau cov lus qhia

  • 1Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Kawm, Seoul National University, Seoul, Kaus Lim Qab Teb.
  • 2Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Kawm, Kaus Lim Tebchaws Kauslim Kev Kawm Txuj Ci, CheongJu, Kaus Lim Qab Teb.

Abstract

Txoj kev kawm no tau tsim Cov Xov Tooj rau Smartphone Addon Proneness Scale (SAPS) raws li kev siv internet thiab xov tooj ntawm tes uas twb muaj lawm. Rau kev txhim kho ntawm qhov ntsuas no, 29 yam khoom (1.5 npaug ntawm cov khoom kawg) tau pib xaiv ua ntej yam khoom, raws li cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los ntawm kev siv internet / xov tooj ntxiv nrog rau kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov kws tshaj lij. Qhov ntsuas tau ua ntej tau raug muab coj los ua piv txwv hauv tebchaws txog 795 tus tub ntxhais kawm nyob hauv tsev kawm ntawv theem pib, theem nrab, thiab theem siab thoob plaws hauv South Kauslim. Tom qab ntawv, kawg 15 yam khoom raug xaiv raws li kev ntsuas kev ntseeg tau. Qhov ntsuas kawg tau muaj plaub qhov subdom: (1) kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev siv lub zog, (2) kev qhia txog lub neej, (3) tshem tawm, thiab (4) kam rau ua. Cov nplai kawg tau qhia txog qhov kev ntseeg siab nrog Cronbach's α ntawm .880. Kev them nyiaj yug rau qhov ntsuas qhov tseem ceeb tau ua pov thawj tau pom los ntawm nws txoj kev sib raug zoo rau kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv internet, KS-II (r = .49). Txhawm rau kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm kev tsim kho qhov raug, peb tau kuaj Tus Qauv Sib Xws. Cov txiaj ntsig pom tau pom plaub yam qauv tsim nyog siv tau (NFI = .943, TLI = .902, CFI = .902, RMSEA = .034). Kev quav lub xov tooj ntawm tes yog tau txais lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb dua uas muaj cov tshuaj ua yees tshiab nrog rau kev quav yeeb tshuaj hauv internet. Lub SAPS zoo li yog qhov ua kom pom tseeb thiab siv tau ntsuas kev soj ntsuam cov hluas uas yuav muaj feem pheej hmoo txog kev quav yeeb tshuaj smartphone. Lwm qhov cuam tshuam thiab qhov txwv ntxiv yog tham txog.

Nuj nqis

Citation: Kim D, Lee Y, Lee Y, Nam JK, Chung Y (2014) Kev Tsim Kho Cov Kaus Lim Kauslim Smartphone Kiag rau Cov Hluas. PLOS ONE 9 (5): e97920. doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0097920

editor: Amanda Bruce, Tsev Kawm Qib Siab Missouri-Kansas, Teb Chaws Amelikas

Tau txais: Hlis 19, 2013; Tau txais: Lub Plaub Hlis 16, 2014; Luam tawm Tej zaum 21, 2014

Copyright: © 2014 Kim li al. Nov yog tsab xov xwm qhib kev nkag tau faib nyob rau hauv nqe lus ntawm Creative Commons Attribution Licence, uas tso cai siv, kev faib khoom, thiab kev tsim tawm hauv txhua qhov nruab nrab, los ntawm tus thawj tus kws sau ntawv thiab qhov chaw muaj npe.

Nyiaj: Cov sau phau ntawv tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa lossis nyiaj txiag los tshaj tawm.

Kev nyiam kev sib tw: Cov sau phau ntawv tau tshaj tawm tias tsis muaj kev sib tw txaus siab.

Introduction

Cov tawm ntawm cov khoos phis tawj ntiag tug hauv xyoo 1990 muab yug rau qhov kev hloov kho digital. Tus kheej desktops sai hloov zuj zus mus rau hauv PMPs, ntsiav tshuaj PCs, thiab smartphones - cov khoom siv tau ua ntau dua hauv tib neeg lub neej. Tshwj xeeb, qhov faib tawm ntawm cov smartphones yog nyob rau hauv ib qho kev nce siab thoob ntiaj teb txij li xyoo 2000 [1]Cov. Cov kev siv ntau tshaj plaws ntawm cov xov tooj smartphones tau muab npe hu ua "Smart Revolution," thiab tau hloov pauv ntau yam hauv tib neeg lub neej txhua hnub. Txawm hais tias kev siv smartphone tau ua lub neej yooj yim rau ntau tus neeg, nws tseem tau coj cov kev tsis zoo hauv kev ua kom muaj kev xav zoo, kev sib raug zoo, thiab kev noj qab haus huv lub cev. Piv txwv li, vim kev nkag mus tau yooj yim hauv online ib puag ncig los ntawm cov xov tooj smartphones, cov txiaj ntsig tsis zoo los ntawm online abhibition nyhuv tsiag ntawv los ntawm qis tus cwj pwm kev tiv thaiv [2] [3] tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb dua, tshwj xeeb hauv kev sib tham hauv kev sib tham isthawmnev hais ua phem.

Niaj hnub no cov hluas tau txais txiaj ntsig tshiab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tawm tshiab tshiab xws li smartphones [4] raws li lawv yog thawj tiam neeg tau loj hlob los ntawm ib puag ncig ntawm ntau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov xov tooj thev naus laus zis [5]Cov. Qhov no tuaj yeem txhais tau tias cov hluas nyiam qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov xov xwm ntse tshaj cov hnub nyoog laus dua. Nyob rau hauv Kaus Lim Qab Teb, cov tub ntxhais hluas siv lub xov tooj smartphone tau nce mus txog 11.4% ntawm cov pej xeem, nrog rau sab saum toj 2.2% ntsib kev nyuaj ntawm kev ua neej nyob rau txhua hnub vim lawv txoj kev quav [6]Cov. Ua ntej sib kis ntawm cov xov tooj ntawm tes, cov xov tooj ntawm tes tau coj mus rau ib qho loj ntawm cov hluas lub neej mus rau qhov chaw uas qee tus neeg tshaj xov tau ntsib kev kub ntxhov siab thaum lawv lub xov tooj tsis tau tas li [4]Cov. Cov xov tooj ntawm tes thiab lub hnub nyoog zoo li tsis sib xws, nrog cov hluas siv lawv lub xov tooj ntau dua [8], thiab ob zaug haj yam lees lees tias yog ib “tus neeg siv xov tooj ntawm tes” tshaj li cov muaj hnub nyoog [9]Cov. Rau cov tub ntxhais hluas, kev sib txuas lus hauv xov tooj yog qhov tseem ceeb los tswj lawv cov kev sib raug zoo [7]Cov. Raws li kev yees xov tooj ntawm smartphone tau dhau los ua qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb rau cov hluas, tsim kev ntsuas uas tuaj yeem kwv yees tau qib thiab cov xwm txheej ntawm cov khoom siv smartphone ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas zoo li maj nrawm txhawm rau tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm kev quav yeeb tshuaj tsis zoo.

Vim tias qhov faib tawm ntawm cov xov tooj smartphones yog qhov tshwm sim tsis ntev los no, cov kev tshawb fawb uas tau txhais cov cim cov cim ntawm kev quav yeeb yam hauv smartphone muaj tsawg. Cov tswv yim ze tshaj plaws rau kev quav yeeb tshuaj smartphone yuav yog cov xov tooj ntawm tes, uas yog suav tias yog ib hom kev coj cwj pwm uas muaj cov teeb meem nrog kev tswj hwm lub siab tsis ncaj. Cov ntawv ceeb toom cov tsos mob ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes muaj xws li tshem tawm, kam rau ua, cuam tshuam ntawm kev ua haujlwm yoog, kev yuam, thiab kev sib deev [12] thiab tsis lees paub, tsis muaj kev tswj hwm thiab cov teeb meem tshwm sim los ntawm kev siv, thiab kam rau ua thiab cuam tshuam nrog lwm cov haujlwm [13]Cov. Cov xov tooj ntawm tes uas muaj yees ua nplai [47] [48] [49] tau tsim los ntawm Cov Hluas [10]Kev Tshuaj Ntsuam Kev Tiv Thaiv Qhov Siv Internet (IAT) thiab Goldberg [11]'s kuaj mob cov qauv rau kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv internet.

Txawm li cas los xij, cov xov tooj smartphones sib txawv rau cov xov tooj ntawm tes hauv plaub qhov loj. Ua ntej, cov neeg siv smartphone muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau nrog cov ntaus ntawv tshaj li cov neeg siv xov tooj ntawm tes. Cov neeg siv Smartphone nquag koom tes nrog cov cuab yeej nws tus kheej thiab cov ntsiab lus (daim ntawv thov) ib txhij, thiab tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom los ntawm kev tsim cov ntawv thov tus kheej. Txij li thaum cov ntawv thov tso cai rau cov neeg siv smartphone muab cov lus qhia tam sim, kev sib tham sib, cov neeg siv smartphone nyiam ua kom nquag plias, koom tes, muaj kev cuam tshuam, muaj peev xwm thiab ua tau zoo [15]Cov. Yog li, kev siv smartphone tau pom tias ncaj qha rau cov kev siv rau kev thov [14]Cov. Thib ob, cov xov tooj smartphones tso qhov tseem ceeb dua rau ntawm cov yam ntxwv hnov ​​dua uas ua rau cov neeg siv sab [16]Cov. Smartphone cov neeg siv sib txawv interface, uas suav nrog kov npo kev ua haujlwm, kev npaj keyboard, cim, tsim qauv zoo, thiab lwm yam, ua rau nws cov neeg siv los qhia nws tus kheej lossis tus neeg. [17]Cov. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev piav qhia tau zoo ntawm cov ntawv thov smartphone kuj tuaj yeem pom hauv qhov tseeb tias cov neeg siv nyiam cov ntawv thov uas tso cai ntau tus neeg siv kom muaj kev lom zem ua ke thiab muaj kev sib raug zoo dhau ntawm cov ntawv thov uas yuav tsuas nyiam ib leeg [18]Cov. Thib peb, cov xov tooj ntse muab lub ntsiab lus sib txuas ntawm cov kev pabcuam xws li lub koob yees duab, MP3, GPS, web browsing, hu, e-mail, kev ua si, thiab kev sib tham (SNS) [19] [20] ntawm ib lub cuab yeej nqa tau. Kuj tseem hu ua "kev siv xov tooj ntawm tes Is Taws Nem," cov xov tooj ntawm tes hloov tau tso cai rau lub sijhawm thiab kev pabcuam tus kheej nyob txhua qhov chaw uas tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav ntawm lub khoos phis tawj desktop zoo. Ntxiv mus, smartphone "Push Service" ceeb toom rau cov neeg siv nrog yam hloov tshiab, xws li cov email tshiab lossis Facebook teb, txawm tias ua ntej cov neeg siv nug lawv [21]Cov. Xws li cov kev pabcuam tus kheej muab los ntawm cov xov tooj smartphones yuav pab tau, tab sis kuj tseem yuav ua rau tib neeg siv ntau dhau ntawm lawv lub smartphones [22] [23]Cov. Thaum kawg, cov neeg ntawm cov hnub nyoog sib txawv qhia pom sib txawv ntawm cov qauv siv smartphone. Cov hluas feem ntau siv lawv lub xov tooj smartphones rau lub koob yees duab, MP3, thiab lwm yam kev lom zem ua haujlwm; cov neeg hauv lawv 20's feem ntau siv SNS; thiab cov neeg hauv lawv lub 30 thiab 40's feem ntau tswj lawv cov sijhawm, cov npe chaw nyob, e-mail, thiab lwm cov haujlwm ntsig txog kev lag luam [24] [25].

Txawm hais tias lub xov tooj smartphones txawv tshwj xeeb tau hais los saum toj no, ntau ntawm cov xov tooj ntawm tes yees uas muaj yees tau ntsuas zoo ib yam rau cov xov tooj ntawm tes tiv thaiv lub xov tooj ntawm tes, nrog lo lus "xov tooj ntawm tes" tsuas hloov nrog "smartphone". Ib qho ntawm feem ntau tsis ntev los no, Casey [26] Cov xov tooj ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv lub zog tawm tau tseem muab rho tawm cov khoom los ntawm cov nplai uas ntsuas lwm yam kev sib pauv tawm xws li Txawb Xov Tooj Siv Teeb Meem [27], Kuaj Qhov Muaj Txwv hauv Is Taws Nem [10], thiab Xov Tooj Cua Txuas Tes [28]Cov. Dhau li, txij li cov xov tooj ntawm tes tiv thaiv kab mob kuj tseem pom tias yog hom kev coj tus cwj pwm vim kev tswj hwm cov teeb meem tswj kav, nws feem ntau muaj cov ntsiab lus los ntawm kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv internet.

Yog li ntawv, kev kawm tam sim no tau tsim Kauslim Smartphone Addiction Proneness Scale (SAPS) rau Cov Hluas los ntawm kev ntxiv cov khoom uas muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo ntawm cov xov tooj ntawm smartphone mus rau hauv Is Taws Nem Kev Tiv Thaiv Txhaum (IAPS) rau Cov Hluas [29]Cov. IAPS yog 20-cov khoom lag luam uas tau siv los kuaj xyuas theem ntawm kev sib tiv tauj hauv internet ntawm cov hluas hauv Kaus Lim Qab Teb txij li 2007. Lub SAPS tau tsim los ntawm kev kawm tam sim no yuav yog qhov txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev kuaj xyuas qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub xov tooj smartphone siv ntau dhau ntawm cov hluas, thiab yuav kawg pab txhawb kev tiv thaiv kev quav yeeb tshuaj smartphone.

txoj kev

Cov neeg koom

Txoj kev tshawb no yog kev soj ntsuam cov ntaub ntawv thib ob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb hauv lub teb chaws los ntawm Lub Chaw Haujlwm Cov Ntaub Ntawv Hauv Lub Tebchaws Kauslim ntawm qhov haujlwm ntawm cov xov tooj smartphone uas tau tsim xyoo 2012 [34]Cov. Cov kws tshawb nrhiav qhov kev tshawb fawb no tau koom nrog txoj haujlwm no ua tus thawj xibfwb tshawb fawb thiab pab tshawb nrhiav. Vim tias qhov phiaj xwm no tau ua nyob rau theem ntawm lub tebchaws, cov ntaub ntawv sib tw tau los ntawm cov qauv loj uas yog sawv cev ntawm thaj chaw, hnub nyoog, thiab tub los ntxhais. Cov kev tshawb fawb faib meej meej qhia lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov project thiab ceeb toom rau cov neeg tuaj koom tias lawv pom zoo los koom tes los ntawm kev teb daim ntawv tshawb fawb. Hauv kev sib piv rau cov pej xeem tiag tiag faib thoob plaws Kauslim Teb, 795 lub tsev kawm ntawv theem pib, theem nrab, thiab qib siab (cov tub ntxhais 461 thiab pojniam 324) tau ua tiav daim ntawv tshawb fawb. Cov chaw haujlwm hauv cheeb tsam tau xaiv los ntawm txhua plaub thaj chaw: Thaj Chaw Thaj Chaw hauv nroog Seoul, Chungcheong / Gangwon thaj tsam, Honam (suav nrog Jeju) thaj chaw, thiab thaj chaw Yeongnam. Ntau (44.7%) yog cov tub ntxhais kawm theem nrab, tom qab ntawd cov tub ntxhais kawm theem siab (37.7%) thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm theem siab (17.6%).

Kev ntsuas

Cov nqe lus nug pej xeem.

Cov nqe lus nug ntawm cov pej xeem uas suav nrog cov khoom uas cuam tshuam nrog tub ntxhais kawm cov ntaub ntawv tus kheej, qhov siv thiab xwm yeem ntawm kev siv smartphone, thiab kev kawm tau zoo tau muaj nyob hauv pob ntawv tshuaj ntsuam.

Cov Xov Tooj Smartphone Ua Ntej Qhov Ua Phem Hais Txog Cov Khoom.

Raws li cov kev tsim kho yav dhau los cov kev ntsuas thiab cov kev tshawb pom, nrog rau cov kev tshawb pom ntawm ntau tus kws tshaj lij, cov khoom uas tau hais txog lub ntsiab lus thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm cov sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj muaj yees tau raug xaiv los txiav txim qhov ntsuas. Qhov ntsuas ua ntej tau tsim ntawm nees nkaum cuaj khoom, thiab txhua yam tau muab qhab nia rau 4-point Likert nplai (1 = tsis pom zoo heev, 2 = tsis pom zoo, 3 = pom zoo, 4 = pom zoo). Nees nkaum cuaj yam khoom ua ntej tau teeb tsa nyob ib ncig ntawm plaub subdomains: kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev ua haujlwm yooj yim (9 khoom), kev rho tawm (7 khoom), kev zam (6 khoom), thiab lub neej qhia txog virtual (7 khoom).

Teeb Meem Mob Hlav.

Txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm SAPS, kev ntsuas uas ntsuas cov teeb meem kev mob hlwb ntsig txog kev yees cov tshuaj yees tau tsim. Kev puas siab puas ntsws uas tuaj yeem siv nrog kev yees nrog smartphone xws li kev ntxhov siab, kev ntxhov siab, kev ua tsis tau thiab kev txhoj puab [50]Cov. Yog li, NEO Cov Hluas Tus Kheej Xeem Ntawv [30] cov khoom ntsig txog cov teeb meem no (yam) raug hloov kho thiab suav nrog hauv qhov ntsuas tam sim no. Cov nplai muaj 32 yam, 8 yam rau txhua yam. Cov khoom ntsuas rau ntawm 4-point scale (1 = Tsis pom zoo heev, 2 = tsis pom zoo, 3 = pom zoo, 4 = pom zoo heev). Cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke rau qhov ntsuas yog qhov siab nrog Cronbach's alpha ntawm .944 zuag qhia tag nrho thiab .865, .870, .820, .878 rau txhua qhov.

Siv Is Taws Nem Hloov Kab Npaum Qhov Ua Ntxiv rau Cov Hluas (KS-II).

Txhawm rau los sib piv cov xov tooj hluav taws xob nrog kev quav yeeb tshuaj hauv internet, 15-yam khoom KS-II tau siv. KS-II tsim los ntawm Lub Chaw Haujlwm Xov Xwm Hauv Lub Tebchaws [31] tau dhau los ntawm tus txheej txheem standardization hauv Kaus Lim Kauslim los ntawm kev soj ntsuam thoob teb chaws. KS-II raug teeb tsa nyob rau ib puag ncig plaub yam: (1) kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev siv lub zog, (2) kev tshem tawm, (3) kam rau ua, thiab (4) kev qhia txog lub neej. Cov khoom ntsuas rau ntawm 4-point scale (1 = Tsis pom zoo heev, 2 = tsis pom zoo, 3 = pom zoo, 4 = pom zoo heev). Cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke rau kev ntsuas yog siab nrog Cronbach's alpha ntawm .87.

Tus txheej txheem

Ua ntej, Thaum tshuaj xyuas cov khoom muaj feem cuam tshuam uas tau tsim yav tas los thiab tshuaj xyuas lawv qhov keeb kwm keeb kwm, cov kws tshaj lij xaiv cov khoom siv rau kev nug ua ntej. Lub pas dej ua ntej no tau kwv yees li ob zaug txog ntau yam khoom li qhov tau teev tom ntej. Qhov ntsuas ntsuas ua ntej tau raug muab rau cov tub ntxhais kawm thiab cov ntaub ntawv raug khaws. Tom qab ntawd, cov khoom kawg tau raug xaiv raws li kev ntsuas kev ntseeg tau ntawm txhua tus subscale. Thaum kawg, kev tsim qauv siv tau rau txhua tus tswvcuab tau dhau los ntawm AMOS. Cov lus qhia ntxaws ntxaws ntxiv ntawm txhua kauj ruam ntawm tus txheej txheem yog raws li hauv qab no.

Ua Ntej Ua Ntej Smartphone Txheem Ua Si Txhaum Ntxiv rau Cov Hluas.

Lub pas dej ua ke ntawm cov khoom ua ntej rau Smartphone Addon Proneness Scale (SAPS) rau cov hluas tau tsim los ntawm cov kev tshawb pom los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv dhau los ntawm kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv internet, kev yees ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes, thiab kev tshaj tawm digital. Txij li lub xov tooj smartphone yog lub xov tooj txawb uas siv internet siv, kev siv yees hauv internet uas twb muaj lawm tau siv los qhia. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev yees duab digital qhia los ntawm Young [38] thiab Greenfield [44] kuj tau cuam tshuam hauv cov khoom tsim tsim. Xav tias cov xov tooj smartphones yuav pom tau tias yog cov tshaj tawm ntawm cov xov tooj uas niaj zaus, cov xov tooj ntawm tes uas twb muaj lawm [12] [8] tau kuaj xyuas kom zoo. Yog li ntawd, cov subdomains ntawm SAPS tau los ua kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev ua haujlwm yooj yim, tshem tawm, kam rau ua, thiab lub neej tiag tiag. Thaum kawg, cov kws tshaj lij (cov kws tshaj lij kev kawm, cov kws kho mob hlwb) tsim 29 cov khoom ua ntej uas muaj kev cuam tshuam cov plaub subdomains ntawm kev quav tshuaj smartphone.

Nplai Tswj.

Lub SAPS tau faib rau hauv kev xaiv ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv theem qis, theem nrab, thiab theem siab kom cov neeg tuaj koom yuav raug xaiv raws li feem sib luag rau cov pej xeem sib kis thoob plaws Kauslim.

Yam khoom Xaiv los ntawm Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Kev Ntseeg.

Cov tshuaj ntsuam xyuas kev cia siab ntawm 29 yam khoom ua ntej tau ua los ntawm subdomain. Tag nrho ntawm 15 yam uas zoo li raug xaiv tau raug xaiv. Thaum kawg, Cronbach's alpha rau cov nplai zaum kawg nrog 15 yam khoom tau suav.

Txua Cov Qauv Muaj Nqis rau txhua tus Cwj Pwm.

Txhawm rau kom paub tseeb qhov tsim kev siv ntawm SAPS, kev tsim kho tus qauv siv tau rau txhua tus subdomain tau siv tau ntawm AMOS.

tau

Xaiv cov khoom kawg los ntawm Kev Ntshaw Kev Ntsuas ntawm Chaw

Los ntawm thawj 29 cov khoom, cov khoom uas zoo li tsis haum rau txhua tus tswvcuab raug tshem tawm lossis kho dua tshiab raws li cov ntsiab lus tau los ntawm kev ntseeg tau. Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm cov khoom hauv txhua subdomain, Cronbach's alphas tau kuaj xyuas. Cov khoom uas txo qis tag nrho cov kev ntseeg tau ntawm tus subdomain yog tias muab pov tseg nrog rau cov khoom siv nrog kev ntseeg siab tshaj plaws tau raug xaiv rau cov nplai zaum kawg. Tsis tas li, txhawm rau txhawm rau saib cov neeg tsis saib xyuas lossis cov lus teb tsis zoo, cov khoom siv rov qab hloov pauv nrog qhov kev ntseeg tau siab tau suav nrog. rooj 1 Hauv qab no qhia cov txiaj ntsig kev ntseeg tau ntawm txhua tus puav, thiab rooj 2 qhia txog 15 yam khoom kawg xaiv.

Xais

Rooj 1. Xaiv cov khoom kawg los ntawm Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Kev Ntseeg rau ntawm Subscales.

doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0097920.txt

Xais

Rooj 2. Cov khoom Kawg.

doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0097920.txt

Kev ntseeg tau

Qhov ntseeg tau ntawm SAPS tau paub meej nrog Cronbach's alpha ntawm 0.88.

Kev siv tau

Kev Ntsuas Muaj Qhov Ntsuas Qhov Ntsuas.

Txhawm rau kom paub tseeb cov txheej txheem siv tau ntawm SAPS, cov qhab nia los ntawm SAPS thiab Cov Mob Hlwb Mental Health tau muab sib piv. rooj 3 qhia pom Pearson cov qhab nia sib txheeb ntawm ob daim nplai. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, qhov sib txheeb ntawm qhov sib npaug yog tawm los ua 0.43. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov sib txheeb ntawm cov subscales ntawm SAPS thiab Cov Teeb Meem Ntsuas Cov Teeb Meem muaj nyob rau txhua qhov 0.49 ~ 0.67 ntau, paub meej tias qee qib kev sib txheeb.

Xais

Rooj 3. Correlation kev txheeb xyuas ntawm SAPS thiab Cov Mob Hlwb Hlwb

doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0097920.txt

Qhov kev sib txheeb ntawm SAPS thiab KS-II tau tshawb xyuas; rooj 4 qhia cov txiaj ntsig ntawm Pearson txoj kev txheeb cais kev sib txheeb. Txoj kev sib txheeb ntawm coefficient ntawm 0.49 qhia tau hais tias yog tias cov qhab nia ntawm SAPS tau siab, cov qhab nia KS-II yog qhov tseem ceeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov sib txheeb ntawm cov subscales ntawm KS-II thiab SAPS tau nyob nruab nrab ntawm 0.12 thiab 0.51, rov qhia tau hais tias muaj qee qib ntawm kev sib txheeb.

Xais

Rooj 4. Txoj kev sib txheeb txheeb ze tshuaj ntsuam xyuas ntawm SAPS thiab KS-II.

doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0097920.txt

Tsim Kev Ntsuas Qhov Ntsuas Pom.

Kev lees paub cov ntsiab lus tshawb xyuas tau siv los ntawm AMOS 7.0 kom paub meej tias tus yam ntxwv qauv ntawm SAPS. Rau qhov no, qhov zoo tshaj yuav qauv qauv tau teeb tsa raws li hauv qab no (Daim duab 1).

Xais

Daim duab 1. Qhov zoo tshaj yuav qauv ntawm SAPS.

Tus qauv txheej txheem ntawm plaub yam sub ntawm tus xov tooj yees (kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev hloov kho lub zog, kev qhia lub neej ntawm lub neej, kev tshem tawm, thiab kev thev taus) thiab lawv cov khoom sib cav tau siv tau.

doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0097920.g001

Ua ntej, cov qauv haum indices NFI, TLI, CFI, thiab RMSEA tau .943, .902, .962, thiab .034 feem, uas qhia tias tus qauv sib txawv tau zoo rau cov ntaub ntawv. Yog li ntawd, cov qauv txheej txheem ntawm plaub lub subdomains ntawm cov khoom siv smartphone (cuam tshuam ntawm kev hloov kho lub zog, kev qhia lub neej ntawm lub neej, kev rho tawm, thiab kev thev taus) thiab lawv cov khoom sib cav tau siv tau.

Ntxiv thiab, los xyuas seb yuav nkag siab li cas rau txhua nqe lus piav qhia cuam tshuam nrog lwm yam cuam tshuam, qhov regression coefficient ntawm txhua tus muaj peev xwm pom muaj nuj nqis thiab nws qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tau raug kuaj. Hauv txhua qhov hloov tau tshwj tsis yog rau "kev qhia txog lub neej hauv lub neej", "tus lej ntsuas qhov ntsuas tau loj dua .5 ntawm qhov nruab nrab, uas yog qhov muaj nuj nqi (p<.001). rooj 5 qhia cov zauv ntawm no.

Xais

Rooj 5. Regression coefficients ntawm cov ntsuas sib txawv ntsig txog txhua yam.

doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0097920.txt

kev sib tham

Raws li yog ib feem ntawm Lub Tuam Txhab Cov Ntaub Ntawv ntawm Kauslim lub phiaj xwm ntawm cov hluas hluas smartphone kev tshawb nrhiav hauv xyoo 2012 [34], txoj kev tshawb no nrhiav los nrhiav cov hauv paus rau kev tiv thaiv / kev cuam tshuam rau cov hluas kev siv tshuaj smartphone. Tshwj xeeb, kev kawm tau tsim ib qho luv luv 15-cov khoom siv smartphone yam muaj peev xwm tshaj tawm uas yuav siv tau nyob hauv cov teb chaws thoob plaws cov ntaub ntawv sau kev siv zog. Cov neeg tsim khoom tau them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau qhov yooj yim ntawm cov khoom lag luam thiab qhov yooj yim ntawm kev siv hauv kev ntsuas kom ua kom yooj yim siv.

Cronbach's alpha ntawm qhov kawg SAPS yog .880, ua kom pom cov nplai kom ntseeg tau. Kev siv internet sib ntxiv los yog lub xov tooj smartphone nplai kuj tau tshaj tawm tias ntseeg tau nrog Cronbach's alphas saum toj no .7. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav yog qhov tsis zoo los ntseeg lawv cov txiaj ntsig kev ntseeg tau vim lawv cov txheej txheem sau cov ntaub ntawv tsis tau dhau los lossis lawv cov qauv me me. Piv txwv, Dais thiab Hma [37] sim los txhim kho ntawm Young [38] Cov txheej txheem kuaj xyuas rau kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Internet, tab sis lawv cov txheej txheem kev loj hlob tsis tau dhau los. Widyanto thiab McMurren [39]Ntawm qhov tod tes, tau ua raws li tus txheej txheem qauv rau kev loj hlob, tab sis ua tsis tiav los khaws cov ntaub ntawv txaus (n = 86). Ntxiv mus, lawv suav sau cov ntaub ntawv online, uas yuav txhais tau tias lawv cov ntaub ntawv kev sau yog nyob ntawm kev tsis ncaj ncees. Cov kev txwv zoo ib yam li tam sim no ntawm cov uas muaj yees ua hom kev yees siv tam sim no. Kwon li al. [36] tau tsim kho qhov ntsuas raws K-teev cov khoom thiab cov yam ntxwv ntse ntawm cov cuab yeej, thiab tau tshaj tawm cov nplai kom muaj Cronbach's alpha ntawm .91. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias lawv cov ntaub ntawv sau los ntawm ob lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob hauv ib thaj av tshwj xeeb hauv Kauslim, yog li nug cov lus nug txog lawv cov txiaj ntsig kev ntseeg tau. Yog li, SAPS ntawm txoj kev tshawb no tuaj yeem suav tias muaj kev ntseeg tau ntau dua piv rau cov nplai tam sim no raws li nws tau tsim raws li cov ntaub ntawv sau los ntawm 795 cov tub ntxhais kawm thoob plaws hauv Kauslim feem ntau raws li qhov tseeb ntawm cov pejxeem kev faib tawm hauv lub tebchaws.

SAPS tau tshwm sim zoo li kev teeb tsa nyob ib puag ncig plaub subdomains (kev hloov kho lub zog, tshem tawm, kam rau ua, thiab lub neej tiag tiag) ntawm lub xov tooj yees. Txhawm rau txiav txim siab ntawm cov nplai lub subdomains, kev tshawb fawb dhau los nrog kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb rau kev tshawb fawb txog kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv internet thiab cov kev soj ntsuam rau lwm cov kev coj cwj pwm raug soj ntsuam. Cov ntsiab lus uas nquag tshwm sim ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb no nrog rau cov xwm txheej uas qhia txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov smartphones tau suav nrog. Kev txheeb xyuas qhov ntsuas pom tseeb tau ua dhau los siv AMOS 7.0 los xyuas qhov tsim tsa kev siv tau ntawm qhov teev. Thaum kawg, qhov sib txheeb ntawm SAPS thiab KS-II (ib qho kev quav yeeb tshuaj hauv Is Taws Nem) thiab ntawm SAPS thiab Cov Teeb Meem Ntsuas Kev Ntsuam Xyuas tau raug kuaj xyuas kom paub meej cov txheej xwm siv tau ntawm SAPS.

Kev quav yeeb tshuaj Internet tsim thiab siv tau rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws sib txawv hauv lawv cov qauv koom. Canan li al. [40] tsim kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet rau cov tub ntxhais hluas Turkish thiab pom tias nws cov khoom tau muab cais ua ib qho. Ib yam li ntawd, Khazaal li al. [41] tsim kev siv internet sib ntxiv rau cov neeg laus Fabkis thiab pom tias nws cov khoom tau cais ua ib pawg. Txawm li cas los xij, lwm qhov kev tshawb fawb tau tshaj tawm tias lawv cov khoom siv yees siv hauv internet tau muab faib ua ntau yam, xws li kev xav, tsis saib xyuas, thiab tswj kev tsis tuaj yeem [42] [43]Cov. Kaus Lim Kauslim siv feem ntau K-nplai tseem muaj ntau yam, xws li kev ua haujlwm yoog, tshem tawm, kam rau ua, thiab lub neej puag ncig tiag tiag. Raws li xws li, cov kws tshawb fawb zoo li tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm cov subdomains ntawm kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv internet, cuam tshuam tias cov qauv teeb meem ntawm kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv internet yuav tsis ruaj khov.

Cov kev txwv ntawm txoj kev kawm no thiab cov lus qhia rau kev kawm yav tom ntej muaj raws li hauv qab no.

Ua ntej, 'ua siab ntev,' ib subdomain ntawm SAPS nrog rau kev siv tshuaj tua kab hauv internet, tsis yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm kev quav raws li Charlton thiab Danforth [45]Cov. Hauv lwm lo lus, kev siv internet ntau teev nws tus kheej tsis tuaj yeem ua tus txheej txheem rau kev quav tshuaj txog ntua thaum coj tus cwj pwm no ua rau muaj qhov tsis zoo [35]Cov. Txij li cov xov tooj smartphones yog cov khoom siv uas tib neeg nqa ib puag ncig thiab siv txhua qhov, kev kam rau ua yuav tsis zoo raws li lub hauv paus ntawm kev hloov tshuaj smartphone. Qhov no hu xov tooj rau kev sojntsuam thoob tebchaws thiab cov ntaub ntawv txheeb xyuas ntawm cov ncauj lus no. Ntxiv mus, kev raug cai ntawm cov nplai yuav tau txhim kho los ntawm, piv txwv li, tswj cov nplai rau cov neeg ntawm cov neeg quav thiab cov tsis muaj yees kom saib xyuas cov nplai qhov sib cais siv tau.

Tom ntej, SAPS rau cov tub ntxhais hluas tuaj yeem siv dav hauv kev tshawb fawb kev quav yeeb yam hauv lub xov tooj uas tau nce lub zog niaj hnub no. Niaj hnub no cov xov xwm digital media tau tsim kho sai heev los ntawm PC-based forms rau smartphones thiab ntau yam PCs ntsiav tshuaj. Hauv lwm lo lus, tawm xov xwm uas twb muaj lawm thiab tsis ntev los no dhau los ntawm kev sib tw nrog rau kev hloov chaw. Txij li thaum cov tub ntxhais hluas hnub no tau suav hais tias yog digitals [46] leej twg nquag txais thiab siv cov xov xwm tshaj tawm [32], tshawb xyuas qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo uas yuav tshwm sim ntawm lawv cov xov xwm siv rau lawv lub paj hlwb zoo li mob siab ceev. Kev siv ntau tshaj tawm ntawm digital xov xwm tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tsis zoo hauv lub cev, lub hlwb, thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov hluas lub neej, thiab kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau coj tus cwj pwm tsis zoo. Piv txwv li, Kross li al. [33] pom tias kev siv Facebook tsis muaj txiaj ntsig rau kev sib raug zoo thiab cuam tshuam nrog kev poob qis ntawm kev ua neeg lub hlwb. Yog li, kev tshawb nrhiav rau cov tsos mob ntawm lub cev muaj yees nrog rau cov kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub xov tooj smartphone rau cov hluas muaj kev puas siab ntsws yog qhov tsim nyog, thiab SAPS tuaj yeem siv tau zoo hauv kev sim no.

Sau cov tswv yim

Xeeb thiab tsim cov kev sim: DK YHL. Tshawb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv: JYL YJC. Muab cov reagents / cov khoom siv / tshuaj ntsuas cov khoom: DK YHL. Sau cov ntawv no: DK YHL JYL JEKN YJC.

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