PLoS Ib. 2016 Sep 12;11(9):e0161126. doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0161126. eCollection 2016.
Younes F1,2, Halawi G1,2, Jabbour H3,4, El Osta N5,6,7, Karam L1,8, Hajj A1,2, Rabbaa Khabbaz L1,2.
Abstract
COV KHOOM NTSWJ THIAB AIMS:
KEV HLOOV:
COV LUS QHIA:
TXHEEJ XWM:
Abstract
Background thiab Cov Ntsiab Lus
Kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet (IA) yuav yog ib qho kev txhawj xeeb loj hauv cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv kev noj qab haus huv uas npaj siab los mus tsim kho cov kws kho mob. Qhov kev siv ntawm kev quav yeeb tshuaj no nrog rau nws txoj kev koom nrog kev pw tsaug zog, kev mob siab rau tus kheej thiab tus kheej muaj peev xwm tuaj yeem cuam tshuam lawv txoj kev kawm, cuam tshuam lawv cov hom phiaj mus ua haujlwm ntev thiab muaj kev sib thab thiab tsim teeb meem rau zej tsoom sawv daws. Lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov kev tshawb fawb no yog: 1) Soj ntsuam seb puas muaj IA hauv cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv kev noj qab haus huv, thiab lwm yam cuam tshuam nrog nws; 2) Soj ntsuam cov kev sib raug zoo ntawm IA, insomnia, kev nyuaj siab, kev ntxhov siab, kev nyuaj siab thiab kev saib tus kheej.
txoj kev
Peb txoj kev tshawb nrhiav yog daim ntawv soj ntsuam cov lus nug nyob hauv 600 cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm peb lub faculties: tshuaj, kws kho hniav thiab lub chaw muag tshuaj hauv Saint-Joseph University. Tau siv plaub lo lus nug thiab kev txhim khu kev ntseeg: Cov Hluas Kev Tiv Thaiv Hluav Taws Xob (Internet), Lub Insomnia Index Index, Kev Ntshai Kev Nyuaj Siab Kev Nyuaj Siab (DASS 21), thiab Rosenberg Tus Tiv Thaiv Tus Txheej Txheem (RSES).
tau
Qhov nruab nrab YIAT tau yog 30 ± 18.474; Qhov kev muaj feem cuam tshuam IA feem ntau yog 16.8% (95% kev cog qoob loo: 13.81-19.79%) thiab nws txawv ntawm cov txiv neej thiab poj niam (p-value = 0.003), nrog ib tug ntau dua ntawm cov txiv neej (23.6% tiv thaiv 13.9%). Cov kev sib raug zoo yog pom ntawm IA thiab insomnia, kev ntxhov siab, kev ntxhov siab, kev nyuaj siab thiab kev pom tus kheej (p-value <0.001); ISI thiab DASS cov qhab-nia tau zoo dua thiab kev ntseeg tus kheej qis dua cov tub ntxhais kawm uas muaj peev xwm ntawm IA.
cov lus xaus
Cov menyuam kawm ntawv uas muaj feem tsim nyog tau IA yog qhov tseem ceeb vim qhov kev quav tshuaj no feem ntau sib koom nrog lwm cov teeb meem ntawm lub hlwb. Yog li no, cov kev pabcuam no yuav tsum muaj kev tsis yog IA kev tswj nkaus xwb, tabsis kuj muaj kev sib raug zoo rau kev nyuaj siab xws li insomnia, kev ntxhov siab, kev nyuaj siab, kev nyuaj siab, thiab kev saib tus kheej.
Nuj nqis
Citation: Younes F, Halawi G, Jabbour H, El Osta N, Karam L, Hajj A, li al. (2016) Kev Txij Nkawm Hauv Internet thiab Kev Txhim Kho nrog Insomnia, Kev Ntxub Siab, Kev Nyuaj Siab, Kev Nyuaj Siab thiab Kev Nyuaj Siab hauv Cov Tub Ntxhais Kawm Qib Siab: Txoj Kev Kawm Txiav Txim Siab Ntu. PLOOS IB 11 (9): e0161126. doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0161126
editor: Andrea Romigi, Tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Rome Tor Vergata, ITALY
Tau txais: Peb Hlis 31, 2016; Tau txais: Lub Xya hli ntuj 30, 2016; Luam tawm Cuaj hlis 12, 2016
Copyright: © 2016 Younes li al. Qhov no yog ib qho khoom qhib qhib raws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm Creative Commons Attribution Licence, uas tso cai siv, kev faib khoom, thiab kev tsim tawm hauv txhua qhov nruab nrab, los ntawm tus thawj tus kws sau ntawv thiab qhov chaw muaj npe.
Cov Ntaub Ntawv Muaj Peev Xwm: Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thiab nws Cov Ntaub Ntawv Cov Lus Qhia Cov Lus Qhia.
Nyiaj: Cov sau phau ntawv tsis tau txais nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau txoj haujlwm no.
Kev nyiam kev sib tw: Cov sau phau ntawv tau tshaj tawm tias tsis muaj kev sib tw txaus siab.
Introduction
Kev siv Internet tau loj hlob zuj zus thoob ntiaj teb mus tshaj 2.5 billion cov neeg siv khoom [1, 2] nrog rau feem ntau cov hluas thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas [3]. Tshaj tawm kev loj hlob sai hauv internet nkag yog ib qho ntxiv hauv kev tiv thaiv hauv internet, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov tub ntxhais hluas, tau paub ntau ntxiv los ntawm cov xov xwm nrov, tsoom fwv cov cai, thiab tshawb nrhiav [4].
Kev siv ntau hauv internet txhais hais tias thaum siv internet ua dhau los lawm, tswj tsis tau, thiab siv sij hawm-siv rau lub sijhawm tsis muaj sij hawm thiab cuam tshuam rau neeg lub neej [5]. Kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet yog tus cwj pwm ntawm kev siv internet ua rau kev puas tsuaj lossis kev nyuab siab [6].
Cov ntsiab lus "problematic internet siv" [7], kev siv kab mob hauv internet [8-10] thiab "kev siv internet" [11-13] feem ntau yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev siv internet [14]. Cov tub ntxhais hluas li [15-17] cov lus pom zoo rau kev tiv thaiv hauv internet (IA) uas tshem tawm, tsis muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj peev xwm, ua siab ntev, ua tsis zoo, tswj kev tswj hwm, thiab ntau lub sijhawm hauv internet tau txhais hais tias yog cov tsos mob tseem ceeb.
Ntiaj teb prevalence of IA ranged ntawm 1.6% -18% [18]. 10.7% ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas nyob rau hauv Kaus lim qab teb tam sim no muaj raws li Yong lub hauv internet quav nplai [19]. 11% nyob rau hauv tim Nkij teb chaws, raws li tib xeem [20]; 10.7–13.9% ntawm cov neeg hluas European yog cov pheej hmoo rau qhov muaj yees siv, raws li Young lub seev [21] thiab 4% hauv tsev kawm ntawv theem siab hauv Tebchaws Meskas [22].
IA muaj qhov txawv txav raws li lub hnub nyoog, poj niam txiv neej thiab haiv neeg, thiab nws haj yam feem ntau ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm qib siab [23].
Cov neeg muaj tus cwj pwm tsis zoo nyob rau hauv cov neeg uas muaj IA [24-27].
Kev siv lub tshuab hnyav heev kuj raug tshaj tawm los ua kev puas siab ntsws mob [28], tsis pw zoo zoo [28, 29], txo tus kheej [30], ua tsis tau [31], tua tus kheej [32, 33], qis dua qib qoj ua si [29], thiab teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv (yastws, mob nraub qaum, rog) [34].
Peb qhov kev xav tau yog tias IA yuav yog ib qho kev txhawj xeeb ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv kev noj qab haus huv university, thiab xyuas nws cov koom haum nrog kev pw tsaug zog, kev xav li cas thiab kev pom tus kheej yog qhov tseem ceeb, yog li tsim nyog ntsuas tau los daws qhov teeb meem no.
Rau cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv uas xav kom tsim kho cov kws kho mob, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev quav tshuaj no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam lawv txoj kev kawm thiab cuam tshuam lawv cov hom phiaj mus ua haujlwm ntev thiab muaj peev xwm muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lub zej lub zos raws li tag nrho.
Lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov kev tshawb fawb no yog: 1) Soj ntsuam qhov IA hauv cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm Campus of Medical Sciences (CMS) hauv Saint-Joseph University hauv Lebanon, thiab cov kev sib tham txog kev sib raug zoo nrog rau kev noj kev haus; 2) Soj ntsuam cov kev sib raug zoo ntawm IA, insomnia, kev nyuab siab, ntxhov siab, kev nyuab siab thiab kev pom tus kheej thaum lub sij hawm tseem ceeb rau tib lub sij hawm muaj kev phom sij, kev ntxhov siab, ntxhov siab thiab kev nyuaj siab ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm.
Ntaub ntawv thiab kev
Kev xav txog kev ncaj ncees
Txoj kev tshawb fawb tau pom zoo los ntawm lub koom haum Ethics University (Ref USJ-2015-28, June 2015). Cov ntaub ntawv pom zoo tau txais los ntawm txhua tus neeg koom rau hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb.
Kev ntsuam xyuas tus txheej txheem thiab sampling
Peb txoj kev tshawb no yog tshawb nrhiav cov lus nug ua ke ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm peb cov faculties: tshuaj, kws kho hniav thiab lub chaw muag tshuaj ntawm Saint-Joseph University, txij thaum lub Cuaj hlis mus rau Lub Kaum Hli 2015 (4 lub hlis). Cov menyuam kawm ntawv uas muaj hnub nyoog hauv 18 xyoo thiab tshaj saud, thiab txaus siab koom nrog txoj kev kawm no. Cov cwj pwm cais tawm tau: hnub nyoog hauv 18 xyoo thiab muaj kab mob ntev. Cov tub ntxhais kawm raug xaiv hauv txhua chav kawm los ntawm kev siv lub rooj zauv los sib tw kom pom tseeb tias cov sawv cev ntawm tus qauv. Qhov kev xaiv no yog random rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv hauv txhua chav kawm. Cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv tau xaiv ob tug kws tshawb fawb tau qhia thaum kawg ntawm lawv cov kev kawm ua ntej tawm hauv chav kawm thiab nug seb lawv puas kam tuaj koom nrog rau qhov uas lawv tsis muaj qhov kev cais tawm. Tom qab ntawd tau txais kev pom zoo tso cai.
Cov ntaub ntawv sau
Cov ntaub ntawv raug muab los sib tham tim ntsej tim muag tim ntsej tim muag tim ntsej tim muag tim ntsej tim muag uas siv raws li plaub cov ntawv tshawb fawb thoob ntiaj teb thiab kev ntseeg, xws li Young Internet Addiction Test, Insomnia Index Index, Kev Nyuaj Siab Kev Nyuaj Siab Kev Nyuaj Siab (DASS 21) thiab Rosenberg Kev Ntsuas Tus Kheej. Lub caij nyoog ntawm kev xam phaj nyob rau ntawm 15 rau 25 feeb.
Kev ntsuas
Cov neeg koom.
Tej ntaub ntawv hais txog hnub nyoog, poj niam txiv neej thiab kws qhia ntawv tau txais. Txuas ntxiv, cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev nyob ib leeg lossis tsis, luam yeeb (luam yeeb lossis dej cawv), thiab siv cawv kuj.
Siv Internet.
Cov Hluav Tiv Thaiv Cov Hluav Tawm Hauv Internet (YIAT) raug tso cai ntawm cov hluas thiab cov laus thiab siv [15, 16, 35]. Nws yog 20-tus qauv ntawm tus kheej-qhia txog kev soj ntsuam tus neeg teb tuaj ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm, tsev kawm ntawv, lossis tsev (3 lus nug), kev coj tus cwj pwm (3 lus nug), kev sib raug zoo rau thiab lus teb los ntawm kev siv internet (7 lus nug), thiab qauv dav dav ntawm kev siv internet (7 lus nug). Cov tswvcuab teb rau 20 YIAT cov khoom ntawm 6-point Likert ntsuas ("tsis siv" rau "txhua zaus"), uas ua tiav tag nrho cov qhab nia ntawm 0 thiab 100. Cov ntsiab lus txiav tawm hauv qab no yog siv: (1) kev siv internet: hauv paus 0-49 thiab (2) muaj kev tiv thaiv hauv internet: qhab nia tshaj 50 [36, 37].
Insomnia.
ISI yog 7 qhov khoom ntawm tus kheej kev nug txog kev soj ntsuam qhov xwm yeem, mob hnyav, thiab cuam tshuam ntawm insomnia. Cov tshuaj ntsuam xyuas yog: qhov hnyav ntawm kev pw tsaug zog thaum pib, kev pw tsaug zog, sawv ntxov sawv ntxov teeb meem, pw tsis txaus siab, cuam tshuam ntawm kev pw tsaug zog nrog kev ua haujlwm nruab hnub, xav txog kev pw tsaug zog los ntawm lwm tus, thiab kev ntxhov siab los ntawm kev pw tsaug zog. Qhov 5-qhov Likert nplai raug siv los ntsuas txhua yam (0 txog 4 qhov twg 0 qhia tias tsis muaj teeb meem thiab 4 sib raug rau qhov teeb meem hnyav heev), yielding tag nrho cov nyiaj tau los ntawm 0 txog 28. Tag nrho cov qhab nia tau txhais raws li hauv qab no: qhaj ntawv ntawm insomnia (0-7); chaw kho mob lossis pw me me (8–14); insomnia muaj pes tsawg (15-21); thiab insomnia loj (22-28). Tsis tas li ntawd, chaw kuaj mob tseem ceeb insomnia tau kuaj pom thaum tag nrho cov qhab nia raug> 14 [38, 39].
Kev Ntseeg Tus Kheej.
Lub Rosenberg Kev Ntsuas Tus Kheej (RSES) feem ntau siv thiab nws txoj kev sib luag thiab kev ntseeg tau raug lees paub nyob hauv ntau cov kev tshawb fawb dhau los [40]. Nws muaj lus 10. (0) tsis pom zoo rau 3, 1, 2, 4 thiab 6 thiab cov lus sib piv ntawm 7, 3, 5, 8, 9 thiab 10. Tag nrho cov qhab nees yog tau los ntawm tag nrho cov lus teb thiab tej zaum yuav yog los ntawm 0 rau 30, nrog cov qhab nias siab qhia tau siab dua tus kheej [41].
Kev ntxhov siab, kev nyuaj siab thiab kev nyuab siab.
Qhov Kev Nyuaj Siab Kev Nyuaj Siab (Stress Scale) (DASS) yog siv los ntsuas kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau cov laus [42]. Ib qho tseem ceeb thiab cim tshwj xeeb ntawm DASS yog nws xam nrog ntawm kev nruj / Kev nyuab siab ntxhov siab ntxiv rau kev nyuaj siab thiab kev ntxhov siab. Lub DASS 21 yog ib tug luv luv version ntawm 42-yam khoom tiag. Ob leeg puav leej muaj kev ntseeg siab thiab siv tau ntawm kev nyuaj siab, ntxhov siab vim thiab nruj / kev nyuab siab nyob rau hauv kev soj ntsuam thiab cov neeg tsis-cov neeg laus ntawm cov laus [43-45].
Nws yog 21-tus nplai ntsuas ntawm lub 4-Point Likert Scale (0-3), "0" denoting "tsis siv rau txhua qhov" thiab "3" denoting "siv rau kuv heev, los sis feem ntau ntawm cov sij hawm ".
Cov qhab nias nram no yog siv rau txhua qhov kev nyuab siab: kev nyuab siab: ib txwm 0-4, me ntsis 5-6, ntsis 7-10, 11-13 loj heev thiab 14 tsis tshua muaj neeg mob heev; kev ntxhov siab: qhov 0-3, me me 4-5, ntsis 7-10, 11-13 loj heev thiab 10 tsis tshua muaj neeg mob heev; kev nyuaj siab: ib txwm 0-7, me me 8-9, ntsis 10-12, 13-16 mob hnyav thiab 17 heev kawg.
Qhia tsom tawm.
Cov kev tshuaj ntsuam tau muab coj los siv SPSS software rau Windows (version 18.0, Chicago, IL, USA). Qhov tseem ceeb theem tau teem rau hauv 0.05. Cov qauv cwj pwm tau muab sau ua ke siv qhov nruab nrab thiab tus qauv sib txawv (SD) rau kev hloov mus rau lwm qhov thiab feem pua ntawm cov categorical variables. Insomnia thiab cov nplua nuj hauv internet siv tau raug suav los ntawm kev siv cov ntaub ntawv qhia, nrog rau kev sib khi 95% kev cog qoob loo (CI). Cov kev ntsuas Kolmogorov-Smirnov raug siv los ntsuas qhov normality ntawm kev faib tawm ntawm txhua yam sib txawv.
Kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet raug muab tso ua ke raws li cov neeg siv kev lag luam hauv internet thiab muaj kev tiv thaiv hauv internet.
Kev ntsuam xyuas ntau yam yuav tsum tau los txiav txim xyuas txog tej yam ntawm ntau yam piav qhia txog cov lus piav qhia txog tib lub sij hawm thiab txiav txim siab uas cov lus piav qhia ua nws tus kheej hauv kev tiv thaiv hauv internet.
Hauv cov theem pib, kev txheeb xyuas tsis raug ntawm cov lej thiab cov hloov pauv tsis tu ncua tau raug coj los siv raws li Chi-square kev ntsuam xyuas kev ywj pheej lossis Fisher Exact kuaj thiab Tub Ntxhais Kawm txoj kev xeem t-test lossis Mann-Whitney. Tom qab, logistic regression tsom xam tau ua nrog dichotomized internet yees (<50, ≥50) raws li cov neeg siv tsis hloov. Cov neeg koom tes tus yam ntxwv thiab cov qhab nia (ISI, DASS A, DASS S, DASS D, RSES) uas tau koom nrog cov p-tus nqi <0.25 hauv kev txheeb xyuas tsis raug, yog cov neeg sib tw rau cov qauv multivariate, raws li cov txheej txheem Sau hom. Collinearity ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv ywj pheej kuj tau sim. Kev ywj pheej hloov tsis raug rau feem cuam tshuam raug cais tawm.
Nws tau raug pom tias tsis yog yuav tsum muaj ob qhov kev hloov ntawm tus kheej thaum muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm 0.64 los yog ntau dua. Kev ntxhov siab, kev nyuab siab thiab kev nyuaj siab twb tsis nkag hauv tib lub qauv, txij li thaum lawv tau sib raug zoo ua ke, qhia los ntawm Spearman thiab Pearson correlation coefficients. Thaum kawg, peb qhov kev ntsuam xyuas kev tshawb nrhiav tau muab coj los soj ntsuam thiab cov kev hloov ntawm cov neeg muaj xws li txiv neej, tub luam, haus luam yeeb, qhab nia ISI, qhab nia RSES thiab DAS qhab nia rau kev nyuab siab, ntxhov siab thiab kev nyuab siab rau txhua tus qauv peb.
tau
Cov kev sib tw ntawm cov neeg koom siab
Ib tug ntawm 780 cov tub ntxhais kawm tau raug coj los koom rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no, uas 600 (77%) tau pom zoo. Peb cov neeg kawm kev tshawb fawb muaj 182 (30.3%) txiv neej thiab 418 (69.7%) ntxhais kawm. Hnub nyoog ranged ntawm 18 thiab 28 xyoo nrog ib tug txhais tias 20.36 ± 1.83 xyoo.
Cov qauv no muaj 219 cov tub ntxhais kawm los ntawm Kws Qhia Ntawv cov Tshuaj (FM), 109 los ntawm Kws Kho Mob ntawm Kev Kho Hniav (FD) thiab 272 los ntawm Kws Qhia Ntawv ntawm Chaw Muag Khoom (FP). rooj 1 sau cov neeg koom nrog cov yam ntxwv.
Kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet (YIAT)
Qhov nruab nrab YIAT tau yog 30 ± 18.47 (rooj 2); Tej zaum muaj kev tiv thaiv hauv internet uas muaj hauv internet tau xNUMX% nrog 16.80% CI ntawm 95-13.81%. "S1 rooj"Sau cov qhab nia nruab nrab rau txhua qhov ntawm 20 cov khoom ntawm YIAT.
Univariate tsom.
Kev tshawb xyuas univariate pom tau hais tias qhov kev tiv thaiv hauv internet muaj peev xwm sib txawv ntawm cov txiv neej thiab cov pojniam (p-tus nqi = 0.003), nrog rau ntau dua cov txiv neej (23.60% tiv thaiv 13.90%). Kev haus luam yeeb luam yeeb ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet (p-value = 0.046); Txawm li cas los, tsis muaj hnub nyoog, kws qhia ntawv, haus dej cawv kom tsawg, tsis nyob ib leeg, nws muaj feem xyuam nrog kev siv internet (rooj 3).
Insomnia prevalence thiab heev (ISI)
Insomnia tau soj ntsuam raws li cov lus nug ntawm ISI. Qhov qhab nia ISI ntawm tus qauv yog 9.31 ± 3.76. Prevalence ntawm insomnia clinically tseem yog 9.80% nrog ib 95% CI xws li ntawm 7.42 thiab 12.18% (rooj 2).
Kev ntxhov siab, kev nyuaj siab thiab kev nyuaj siab (DASS-21)
Kev ntxhov siab: DASS A. Qhov nruab nrab DASS A qhab nia yog 4.77 ± 3.79. 44.70% ntawm cov neeg tuaj koom tau ib qho DASS A qhab nia (rooj 2).
Kev Nyuaj Siab: DASS D. Tus qhab nia DASS D yog 5.43 ± 4.43. Feem coob ntawm cov neeg tuaj koom tau qhov qhab nia DASS score (rooj 2).
Kev nyuab siab: DASS S. Qhov qhab nia DASS S yog 6.99 ± 4.46 thiab 33.20% ntawm cov neeg tuaj koom tau qhov qhab nia DASS S score (rooj 2).
Kev Ntseeg Tus Kheej (RSES)
Qhov qhab nia nruab nrab ntawm RSES ntawm qhov kev tshawb fawb yog 22.63 ± 5.29 (S file).
Cov koom haum ntawm kev tiv thaiv hauv internet, insomnia, qis self-esteem, ntxhov siab vim thiab kev nyuaj siab
Ib qho kev sib raug zoo tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv hauv internet thiab insomnia (p-value <0.00001) (rooj 4).
Qhov nruab nrab ntawm ISI qhov qhab nia yog 8.99 ± 3.65 rau cov neeg siv internet ib txwm piv rau 10.89 ± 3.90 hauv pawg muaj peev xwm sib ntxiv internet (p <0.0001) (rooj 5).
Tsis tas li ntawd, txoj kev sib raug zoo tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv hauv internet thiab kev ntxhov siab, kev nyuaj siab thiab kev nyuab siab (Ntxhuav 4 thiab 5). DASS cov qhab nia nruab nrab tau yooj yim dua hauv kev pabcuam hauv online uas muaj kev ntxhov siab vim kev ntxhov siab, kev nyuaj siab thiab kev ntxhov siab.
Raws li kev pom tus kheej, muaj qhov sib txheeb sib txheeb ntawm YIAT thiab RSES cov qhab nia uas tsis tshua muaj tus kheej muaj feem xyuam nrog kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet (Cov Ntxhuav 4 thiab 5).
Logistic regression qauv
Logistic log regression qauv qhia pom tias tus tub los ntxhais, ISI, DASS A, S thiab D, thiab RSES cov qhab nia tau cuam tshuam nrog kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv internet. Thaum qhov kev hloov pauv hloov tau raug tswj nyob rau hauv kev txheeb xyuas ntau yam, kev sib txuas ntawm kev haus luam yeeb thiab kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv internet tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntxiv lawm (p> 0.05), (rooj 6).
kev sib tham
Peb xav los txiav txim siab txog kev muaj peev xwm ntawm IA hauv Lebanese university cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv, ntsuas cov kev sib raug zoo ntawm IA thiab cov neeg koom nrog (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov hnub nyoog, poj niam txiv neej, haus luam yeeb, haus cawv), thiab tshawb nrhiav cov koom haum ntawm IA, insomnia, ntxhov siab, , kev nyuab siab, thiab kev saib tus kheej.
Peb txoj kev tshawb xyuas qhia tias IA muaj peev xwm tseem ceeb rau poj niam txiv neej thiab siab dua ntawm cov txiv neej. 16.80% ntawm cov neeg tau raug kev tsim txom los ntawm IA, nrog ib tus qhab nia YIAT ntawm 30. Cov qhabnias no piv rau cov uas yav tas los tshaj tawm rau cov hluas [1, 4, 6, 13]. Qee cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tias IA prevalence tau siab dua rau cov txiv neej [46], thaum lwm tus tsis pom qhov sib txawv ntawm cov genders [34].
Thaum kuaj xyuas cov insomnia, peb cov qhabnias tseem qhia tau tias 9.8% ntawm cov neeg tuaj koom kev txom nyem ntawm insomnia clinic thiab muaj zog sib txheeb tau pom ntawm kev tiv thaiv hauv internet thiab insomnia. Insomnia prevalence qhia hauv qhov kev tshawb fawb no raws li cov qauv ntawm cov qauv kawm ua ke (cov tub ntxhais kawm me) thiab piv rau cov lus qhia hauv cov laus rau 20 rau 29 (9.1%) [47, 48] thiab cov tub kawm ntawv qib siab (12-13%) [49].
Cov teeb meem pw tsaug zog feem ntau pom tau tias cov txiaj ntsim tsis zoo los yog cov teeb meem ntawm kev tiv thaiv hauv internet [50], tab sis thim rov qab tuaj yeem ua tau vim hais tias muaj teeb meem kev pw tsaug zog tau thim lub sij hawm ntev dua nyob rau kev sib tham ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv qib siab [51]. Hauv kev ntsuam xyuas cov ntaub ntawv, hom kev ua si hauv qhov kev ua si tau pom los ntawm cov neeg txom nyem pw zoo thiab qhov teeb meem siv internet tau txuam nrog kev xav hauv nruab siab thiab kev pw tsaug zog tsis zoo [52]. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj kev tshawb fawb kev tshawb fawb thiab cov lus nug siv tau heterogeneous heev thiab nws yog kev pw tsaug zog zoo tshaj plaws uas tau tshawb nrhiav, tsawg dua insomnia.
Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kev sib raug zoo muaj nyob hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb ntawm kev tiv thaiv hauv internet thiab kev ntxhov siab, kev ntxhov siab, thiab kev nyuaj siab: qhov feem pua ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm muaj kev ntxhov siab, kev nyuaj siab lossis kev nyuab siab yog siab dua ntawm cov neeg siv internet. Cov kev tshawb fawb dhau los twb tau qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm txoj kev siv kev siv internet thiab kev nyuaj siab [53, 54] thiab kev txhawj xeeb [55]; Txawm li cas los, cov ntaub ntawv tau raug contradictory [56] thiab cov kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam kev siv kab kev siv internet thiab tsis muaj yees raws li tau hais los ntawm Young.
Qhov kawg, kev tshawb nrhiav tseem ceeb ntawm peb txoj kev tshawb nrhiav yog qhov kev ntseeg tus kheej muaj feem xyuam nrog kev tiv thaiv hauv internet thiab rau cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv lub hlwb: RSES cov qhab nia muaj sib cuam tshuam nrog ISI, DASS A, DASS S, DASS D thiab YIAT cov qhab nia. Ib qho kev txo qis rau tus kheej pom zoo rau kev muaj zog insomnia, kev ntxhov siab, kev nyuaj siab, kev ntxhov siab thiab rau tej zaum IA.
Kev pom tus kheej yog piav raws li qhov kev ntsuam xyuas ib qho ntawm nws tus kheej, ua li cas ib tug xav txog nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua lub sijhawm [40, 41]. Thaum muaj kev sib raug zoo thiab kev txhawb pab tsawg, theem ntawm kev ntseeg tus kheej yuav tsum ua kom tsawg li [57].
Tshawb nrhiav qhov tseem ceeb uas muaj feem ntawm cov neeg kawm tsis tshua muaj nqis rau cov tub ntxhais kawm yog qhov tseem ceeb heev vim hais tias qhov kev sib txawv piv txwv tshwm sim ntawm tus kheej thiab kev nyuaj siab thiab kev ntxhov siab [58, 59] thiab qhov txo ntawm kev xav ntawm tus kheej yuav ua rau kev nce kev xav ntawm suicidal ideation [60].
Muaj zog thiab cov kev txwv
Peb cov kev tshawb pom yuav tsum raug txhais raws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb kev tsim thiab cov kev txwv. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm peb daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas tso siab rau tus kheej tus cwj pwm qhia. Cov lus nug tus kheej yog cov cuab yeej siv ntau tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv kev soj ntsuam hauv zej zog txog kev kuaj lub cev thiab lub paj hlwb [61, 62, 63]. Daim ntawv qhia tus kheej qhia tau rau tus neeg xam phaj nws tus kheej lub tswv yim, uas tej zaum yuav zoo dua rau kev tshaj tawm txog kev puas siab ntsws. Cov lus nug raug tsim los ntawm kev xaiv "ntau yam xaiv" thiab teev tus qauv los pab daws cov lus teb thiab muaj kev sib tham tim ntsej tim muag kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam cov tub ntxhais kawm, ntawm txoj kev cia siab tias qhov yooj yim ntawm cov lus nug yuav ua rau nws yooj yim rau cov neeg tuaj . Kev siv cov tshuaj tsis zoo yog tsis muaj kev soj ntsuam vim tias muaj cov kab mob ntev ntev ntawm cov kev cais tawm ntawm txoj kev tshawb no. Thaum kawg, txoj kev tshawb no tsis tau tshawb xyuas qhov kev siv yees ntawm kev siv internet hauv kev ua tiav, raws li qib, kev poob haujlwm lossis kev vam meej, uas yuav muaj kev lom zem.
Txawm tias cov kev txwv no, cov kev tshawb pom pom hauv qhov kev tshawb fawb no tseem ceeb thiab lees paub ntxiv.
Raws li qhov peb paub, qhov no yog thawj txoj kev tshawb nrhiav txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm tsib yam kev nyuaj siab ntawm kev nyuaj siab ntsws xws li: insomnia, ntxhov siab, kev nyuaj siab, kev nyuaj siab, kev saib tus kheej, thiab IA hauv cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv.
Peb cov kev tshawb pom qhia qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev txheeb xyuas thiab muab kev pab rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv nrog IA vim tias qhov kev tiv thaiv no feem ntau sib koom tes nrog lwm cov teeb meem ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws, thiab IA yuav yog ib qho kev pom ntawm lub ntsej muag nyuaj.
Cov Lus Qhia Txhawb
(DOCX)
S1 rooj. Qhov no yog tus kheej thiab tiav cov ntaub ntawv rau txhua tus neeg tuaj koom (SPSS sheet).
doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0161126.s001
(DOCX)
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Peb xav thov ua tsaug rau tag nrho cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv uas tau koom rau hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb thiab rau Mrs Tatiana Papazian rau kev pab tsim kho.
Sau cov tswv yim
- Xeeb thiab tsim cov kev sim: LRK HJ.
- Tau ua cov kev sim: FY GH.
- Ntsuas cov ntaub ntawv: AH NEO LK.
- Sau ntawv: LRK.
References
S1 rooj. Qhov no yog tus kheej thiab tiav cov ntaub ntawv rau txhua tus neeg tuaj koom (SPSS sheet).
doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0161126.s001
(DOCX)
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Peb xav thov ua tsaug rau tag nrho cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv uas tau koom rau hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb thiab rau Mrs Tatiana Papazian rau kev pab tsim kho.
Sau cov tswv yim
- Xeeb thiab tsim cov kev sim: LRK HJ.
- Tau ua cov kev sim: FY GH.
- Ntsuas cov ntaub ntawv: AH NEO LK.
- Sau ntawv: LRK.
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