Media siv thaum tseem hluas: cov lus pom zoo los ntawm Italian Pediatric Society (2019)

Italian Phau Ntawv Xov Xwm Kev Pediatrics ntim 45, Kab lus xov tooj: 149 (2019) Siv kab lus no

Abstract

Tom qab

Kev siv cov cuab yeej tawm, xws li smartphone thiab ntsiav tshuaj, tam sim no nce ntxiv, tshwj xeeb ntawm cov yau tshaj. Cov tub ntxhais hluas siv sijhawm ntau thiab ntau dua los ntawm lawv lub xov tooj hauv kev sib tham hauv social media, feem ntau yog Facebook, Instagram thiab Twitter vim tias. Cov tub ntxhais hluas feem ntau xav tias yuav tsum siv cov khoom siv xov xwm ua khoom siv los tsim kev thaj yeeb ntawm tus kheej thiab qhia lawv tus kheej. Rau qee tus menyuam yaus, lub tswv cuab ntawm smartphone pib sai dua thaum muaj hnub nyoog 7 xyoo, raws li cov kws paub txog kev nyab xeeb hauv internet.

Cov khoom thiab cov hau kev

Peb tau txheeb xyuas cov pov thawj ntawm kev tshaj tawm siv xov xwm thiab qhov tshwm sim hauv kev hluas.

tau

Hauv kev sau ntawv, smartphones thiab ntsiav tshuaj siv yuav cuam tshuam zoo rau kev txhim kho kev puas siab puas ntsws ntawm cov hluas, xws li kev kawm, pw tsaug zog thiab xyu. Ntxiv mus, kev rog dhau, kev cuam tshuam, kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj, cyberbullism thiab Hikikomori cov xwm txheej tau piav qhia hauv cov hluas uas siv media media ntau dhau. Lub Italian Pediatric Society muab cov lus qhia ua haujlwm rau cov tsev neeg thiab cov kws kho mob kom zam dhau qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo.

cov lus xaus

Ob leeg niam txiv thiab kws kho mob yuav tsum paub txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev siv xov xwm ntawm kev siv cuab yeej ntawm cov hluas thiab sim kom zam kev mob hlwb ntawm tus yau tshaj.

Tom qab

Kev siv cov cuab yeej tawm xov xwm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov kev sib tham sib tham, nrog rau kev sib tham hauv network thiab video games, tau nce ntau hauv cov menyuam yaus [1].

Xav txog kev sib raug zoo network, Facebook yog qhov kev siv ntau tshaj plaws nrog 2.4 txhiab tus neeg siv thoob ntiaj teb ua raws Instagram thiab Twitter [2].

Tshwj xeeb, ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas, lub hnub nyoog pib siv kev sib tham hauv social network tau nqis mus rau 12-13 xyoo tam sim no vim tias qhov xav tau los siv nws ua ib txoj hauv kev los tsim kho tus kheej kev xav thiab qhia lawv tus kheej [2] [3].

Raws li ISTAT, 85.8% ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas italian hnub nyoog 11-17 xyoo muaj kev mus cuag tau cov smartphones niaj zaus, thiab ntau dua 72% siv Internet hauv smartphones. Ntau tus ntxhais (85.7%) siv smartphone sib piv rau cov tub [4]. Ntxiv mus, kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no tshaj tawm tias 76% ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas siv kev sib raug zoo, nrog 71% ntawm lawv siv ntau dua ib qho social network apps [5]. Yuav luag ib nrab ntawm cov neeg hluas yog cov tsis tu ncua online [6].

Kev sib txuas lus online, kev kawm thiab kev lom zem tau nce hauv online. Hauv Tebchaws Europe, Eurostat tsom xam pom qhov kev loj hlob zoo ntawm kev siv Is Taws Nem ntawm 55% hauv xyoo 2007 txog 86% hauv 2018, thiab nkag mus siv Is Taws Nem los ntawm cov khoom siv txawb ntawm 36% hauv xyoo 2012 txog 59% hauv 2016 [7, 8].

Kev xav txog cov ntaub ntawv thoob ntiaj teb, cov neeg siv ntawm cov neeg siv xov tooj yog kwv yees kom ncav cuag 2.87 billion tus neeg siv nyob rau xyoo 2020 [9].

Ntxiv mus, muaj teeb meem siv internet yog qhov tseeb yog kev txhawj xeeb tseem ceeb rau kev noj qab haus huv hauv ib pawg xws li cov hluas. Piv txwv li, kev tshawb fawb Suav thiab Nyij Pooj qhia tias 7.9 txog 12.2% ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas muaj teeb meem siv Is Taws Nem [10, 11]. Hauv Is Nrias teb, kev nthuav dav dav kuj tseem siab dua, nce mus txog 21% hauv cov pab pawg tsis muaj zog [12].

Hauv Ltalis ob peb cov ntaub ntawv muaj txog kev siv xov xwm thaum tseem hluas [4, 13, 14].

Ib qho kev tshawb fawb tau taw qhia tias 75% ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas siv lub smartphone thaum ua haujlwm hauv tsev kawm thiab 98% siv nws thaum ib tag hmo. Ntau tus neeg hluas tau pw tsaug zog nrog lawv lub xov tooj hauv qab hauv ncoo (45%) thiab kuaj xyuas cov smartphone thaum hmo ntuj (60%). Ntxiv mus, 57% ntawm lawv siv smartphone hauv kaum feeb los ntawm kev tsim txom thiab 80% poob pw tsaug zog tuav lawv lub smartphone [14].

Aim

Lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj kev tshawb no yog piav qhia txog cov pov thawj ntawm kev siv xov xwm thiab nws cov kev rau txim ntawm cov hluas.

Cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov hau kev

Rau lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj kev kawm no peb tau tshawb xyuas ob qho tib si zoo thiab tsis zoo los ntawm kev siv xov xwm rau cov hluas, xav txog cov teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv, txhawm rau muab cov lus pom zoo rau kev siv kom zoo thiab txo qhov tsis zoo. Cov tswv yim tshawb fawb muaj kev soj ntsuam cov txheej txheem ntawm cov ntawv tshaj lij tshawb fawb los ntawm Lub Ib Hlis 2000 txog rau Lub Plaub Hlis 2019 siv cov ntawv Tshaj Qhia Kev Tshaj Tawm Cov Khoom rau Kev Tshawb Xyuas Txheej Txheem thiab Meta-Kev Tshawb Xyuas (PRISMA) cov lus qhia. Muaj cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb txog MEDLINE / PubMed, Cov Tsev Kawm Ntawv Qib Siab Cochrane, Lub Chaw Haujlwm Ntsuas Cov Ntawv rau Neeg Saib Xyuas Menyuam thiab Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv (CINHAL) tau ua. Qhov kev tshawb nrhiav kev txiav txim siab tau ua raws li kev sib xyaw ntawm cov lus hauv qab no: kev siv xov xwm, kev sib raug zoo network, video ua si, menyuam yaus, tub ntxhais hluas, tsev neeg, niam txiv, smartphone, Is Taws Nem, kev kawm, pw tsaug zog, pom, ntxiv, mob nqaij, cuam tshuam, hikikomori, kev tshem tawm , cyberbullying, kev sib raug zoo, qhov zoo tsis zoo. Tsis muaj kev txwv cov lus.

tau

kawm

Lub network sib tham thiab smartphone tej zaum yuav cuam tshuam nrog qhov kev kawm paub, xws li qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kawm qis, kev txo qis thiab kev ncua sijhawm [15,16,17].

Cov teeb meem siv smartphone (PSU) cuam tshuam rau ib qho kev kawm sab nraud ntau dua los mus tob dua ib qho [18]. Ntawm qhov tsis zoo tshwm sim ntawm ib txoj kev ua nto, qhov ntau zaus yog: txo kev muaj tswv yim, kev txawj ntse hauv lub koom haum, tus kheej xav thiab nkag siab txog cov ntaub ntawv [19, 20]. Ntxiv mus, cov tub ntxhais kawm uas muaj lub ntsiab los mus kawm paub tsuas yog ua kom tsuas yog ua qhov tsim nyog txhawm rau kev kawm, kom ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig tsis txaus siab dua li cov neeg kawm tob [15, 21,22,23,24].

pw tsaug zog

Raws li kev soj ntsuam cov ntaub ntawv tsis ntev los no, kev siv cov khoom siv tawm hauv lub sijhawm pw tsaug zog yog nquag: 72% ntawm cov menyuam yaus thiab 89% ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas muaj tsawg kawg ib lub tshuab tawm hauv chav pw [25]. Kev siv smartphone ua ntej pw tsaug zog tau tshaj tawm tias muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog kev pw tsaug zog ntev thiab ua tau zoo [26, 27].

Ntxiv mus, muaj ntau cov teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv tau piav qhia txog kev pw tsaug zog tsis zoo: kev haus cawv tsis txaus siab, kev nyuaj siab, qhov muag tsis pom kev, lub cev qaug zog, lub cev tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam thiab ua rau muaj mob khaub thuas thiab ua npaws [28,29,30,31,32,33].

Lub suab nrov circadian tuaj yeem tsis zoo los ntawm kev siv pre-pw hauv smartphone, ua rau pw tsaug zog tsis txaus: nce pw tsaug zog latency, arousal thiab txo lub sijhawm pw tsaug zog los ntawm kwv yees li 6.5 h ntawm hnub ua haujlwm [34,35,36].

Cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob thiab lub teeb ci ntawm lub xov tooj ntse tshaj plaws yuav ua rau lub cev tsis xis nyob xws li mob nqaij leeg lossis mob taub hau [37,38,39].

Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no qhia tau hais tias kev pw tsaug zog tsis txaus lossis lub sijhawm pw tsaug zog muaj feem cuam tshuam txog cov khoom noj hauv lub cev xws li mob ntshav qab zib thiab mob plawv lossis teeb meem kev xav xws li kev nyuaj siab lossis kev quav yeeb tshuaj [40, 41].

Tus naj npawb ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas nrog lub sijhawm pw tsaug zog luv dua li qhov pom zoo los ntawm National pw Foundation lub sijhawm tau nce, feem ntau ntawm cov menyuam ntxhais (45.5% vs 39.6% hauv cov tub hluas) [42].

Thaum kawg, ib teev 5 lossis ntau dua teev nyob rau niaj hnub ntawm kev tshaj tawm cov cuab yeej siv tau cuam tshuam txog kev pheej hmoo pw tsaug zog ntau dua thaum piv rau 1 h siv txhua hnub [43].

Pom

Kev siv ntau ntawm cov xov tooj ntawm smartphone yuav ua rau muaj teeb meem ocular xws li lub qhov muag qhuav (DED), qhov muag khaus thiab nkees, qhov mob siab, txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob sib kis, txo qhov muag pom, mob sib kis, nkees mob kis tau kom mob esotropia (AACE) thiab macular degeneration [44, 45].

Lub sijhawm siv smartphone muaj ib qho kev txo qis ntawm blink tus nqi mus rau 5–6 / min uas ua rau kom cov kua muag txav mus los thiab chaw nyob, ua rau DED [46,47,48]. Muaj hmoo, ib lub sijhawm 4 lub lis piam nres ntawm kev siv smartphone yuav ua rau kev txhim kho mob hauv DED cov neeg mob [49].

Raws li rau AACE, qhov kev nyeem ze ze yuav ua rau kom cov leeg nqaij qhov nqaij thiab cov nqaij nrawm, ua rau muaj kev hloov ntawm ob qho kawg thiab kev pab. Ib yam li hauv DED, cov tsos mob hauv tsev kho mob yuav kho kom zoo dua ntxiv ntawm cov xov tooj smartphones [50, 51].

yees

Ib qhov teeb meem feem ntau ntawm cov smartphones thiab siv Internet hauv cov hluas yog kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj. Cov quav yog xa mus rau ib tug neeg xav xav tau los ntawm ib yam kev ua uas cuam tshuam nrog kev ua si nyob hauv dailies [52].

Thaum muaj yees kev lom zem, cov neeg txuas ntxiv tshawb xyuas e-mail thiab social apps. Cov khoom siv nkag tau yooj yim ntawm lub xov tooj smartphone nruab hnub yooj yim txhawb nqa txoj kev sib kis ntawm hom kev quav yeeb no [53]. Lub xov tooj smartphone siv txawm tias thaum sib ntsib tim ntsej tim muag yog qhov tshwm sim ntau ntxiv thiab. Nws yog hu ua "phubbing" [54].

Raws li tau hais los ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los, kev quav tshuaj smartphone yuav piv rau kev quav tshuaj quav cawv [55].

Kev kuaj mob rau cov neeg quav yeeb yaj kiab hauv smartphone tau npaj siab ua kom pab txhawb qhov tau lees paub thaum ntxov ntawm nws [56].

Raws li kev nug txog Smart Smart Addiction National Survey questionnaire uas tau tsim los ntawm 2016 txog 2018, 60% ntawm cov hluas cov phooj ywg, hauv lawv kev kwv yees, tau yees rau lawv lub xov tooj [57]. Qhov tseeb, qee lub tebchaws pom tau tias qhov quav yog ib tus mob. Qhov no yog vim li cas vim li cas peb muaj ob peb cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev tshaj tawm cov cuab yeej tawm hauv kev hluas.

Kev Tshawb Fawb tsis ntev los no los ntawm Lub Chaw Haujlwm Cov Ntaub Ntawv Hauv Lub Tebchaws hauv xyoo 2012 tau ua pov thawj tias cov neeg siv smartphone hauv Chorea yog 8.4% [58].

Qee Cov Kev Tshawb Fawb qhia txog cov kev pheej hmoo cuam tshuam txog kev yees nrog lub xov tooj xws li tus xeeb ceem thiab lub neej kev coj noj coj ua tab sis tus cwj pwm ntawm niam txiv. Hauv cov ntsiab lus, kev txhawj xeeb, ploj ntawm kev tswj hwm kev thev taus, tshem tawm, kev tsis txaus ntseeg thiab lub zog, hloov kev xav, lus dag, tsis txaus siab tau pom tias yog cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev ua yees smartphone [59].

Xav txog cov teeb meem poj niam txiv neej, cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los piav qhia tias cov poj niam siv sijhawm ntau hauv lub xov tooj smartphones thiab yuav luag 3 npaug ntawm kev pheej hmoo rau kev yees smartphone ntau dua li cov txiv neej [60, 61]. Nws kuj tau tshaj tawm tias kev quav cawv poj niam yuav cuam tshuam nrog kev xav ua kom muaj kev sib raug zoo hauv zej zog [62].

Hais txog niam txiv txoj kev xav rau kev siv smartphone, kev kawm ntawm niam txiv yog qhov tseem ceeb los kho cov hluas nrog kev quav [63, 64]. Hauv cov ntsiab lus no, niam txiv tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv smartphone ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas los ntawm muab kev txhawb nqa. Qhov tseeb, kev ua niam ua txiv zoo relationship kev sib raug zoo yuav txo qis kev ntxhov siab hauv zej zog thiab nce kev nyab xeeb thiab kev hwm tus kheej [65]. Ntawm qhov tod tes, niam txiv kev sib txuas ua ke thiab kev tsis nyab xeeb tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov xov tooj smartphones rau cov hluas [66].

Cov teeb meem mob hlwb tseem ceeb ua rau kev quav yeeb tshuaj yog: kev ntseeg tus kheej qis, kev ntxhov siab, kev ntxhov siab, kev ntxhov siab, kev tsis ruaj ntseg thiab kev nyob ib leeg [18, 67].

Tsev kawm ntawv cov txiaj ntsig yuav raug cuam tshuam ib yam nkaus vim kev siv tshuaj smartphone yuav ua rau cov tub ntxhais hluas tsis quav ntsej ua lub luag haujlwm thiab siv sijhawm tsis ua raws li [68, 69].

Siv Is Taws Nem feem ntau siv rau kev khiav tawm ntawm kev xav tsis zoo thiab kev nyob ib leeg, zam kev sib tham tim ntsej tim muag, txhawb tus kheej, txhim kho txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev nyuaj siab, kev ntxhov siab thiab quav cawv [70, 71].

Kev yees lub xov tooj ntawm tes tau cuam tshuam nrog ob qho tshwm sim: ntshai kev ploj mus (FOMO) thiab laj.

FOMO yuav piav raws li kev txhawj xeeb txog kev ua haujlwm xoob thiab qhov kev tsim nyog xav tau los txuas ntxiv kev sib raug zoo nrog lwm tus. FOMO ua kom muaj qhov tsim nyog los xyuas txuas ntxiv kev sib raug zoo app txhawm rau txhawm rau ua phooj ywg cov haujlwm '72].

Kev laj luam yog txhais tau tias yog qhov tsis txaus siab nyob rau lub xeev, cuam tshuam txog kev tsis muaj lub hlwb koom nrog thiab kev txaus siab cuam tshuam nrog kev tsis txaus siab. Cov neeg tuaj yeem sim kho nrog kev laj los ntawm nrhiav kev txhawb nqa ntxiv thiab yuam kev siv cov smartphones [73,74,75].

Cov tub hluas ntxhais hluas, uas yog cov muaj kev pheej hmoo ntau dua, muaj kev pheej hmoo siab ntawm kev tsis xis thiab kev siv pathological ntawm kev siv sib txuas lus hauv on-line [76]. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, kev quav tshuaj smartphone yuav yog cuam tshuam los ntawm ntsej muag lub ntsej muag ntawm cov hluas [77].

Hlab thiab pob txha

Cov teeb meem siv smartphone (PSU) tau cuam tshuam txog cov teeb meem pob txha, mob nqaij pob txha, ua lub neej qis qis, tsis muaj lub zog ntawm lub cev thiab ua kom lub cev tsis muaj zog [78, 79].

Qee cov ntaub ntawv Suav, piav qhia tias 70% ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas tau hnov ​​mob caj dab, 65% mob lub xub pwg, 46% dab teg thiab ntiv tes mob. Musculoskeletal kev tsis zoo uas cuam tshuam txog cov smartphones yuav cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau yam, suav nrog cov khoom lag luam smartphone loj me, cov xov tooj tau xa thiab cov teev nyob rau ib hnub twg siv ntawm smartphones [80, 81].

Ntxiv mus, thaum siv smartphone, ib lub cev tsis muaj zog ua rau lub tsev me nyuam muaj teeb meem. Piv txwv li, caj dab flexion (33-45 °) yuav ua rau mob nqaij pob txha caj dab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau thaj tsam caj dab [82, 83].

Tshwj xeeb, kev xa xov yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws los ntawm kev ntxhov siab ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam thiab mob caj dab hauv cov neeg uas tau siv 5.4 hnub nyob rau ntawm lawv lub xov tooj [82, 84].

Tshaj tawm

Cov haujlwm ntawm Smartphone muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev nkag siab ntau dua thiab nrog kev nkag siab tsawg dua qee zaum yuav ua rau lub neej puas ntawm cov neeg siv [85].

Txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cuam tshuam yog siab dua nyob rau hauv cov loj ntawm cov ntxaij vab tshaus smartphone thiab yog tias muaj kev ua si [86].

Cov ntaub ntawv nthuav qhia pom tias cov tsheb sib tsoo yog ib qho ua rau muaj kev raug mob hauv menyuam yaus. Tebchaws Asmeskas tau ntsib li ntawm 5% ntawm cov neeg tsav tsheb tuag hauv cov neeg hluas [87, 88]. Qhov no yuav cuam tshuam nrog PSU. Qhov tseeb, cov neeg taug kev siv internet thiab xov tooj smartphones muaj qhov pheej hmoo siab los ua tsheb sib nraus vim tias lawv tsis tshua pom ob qho tib si thiab hla kev nrog txoj kev mob me89]. Tshwj xeeb, cov mloog nkauj mloog tau muaj kev paub tsis meej [90].

Hauv cov ntsiab lus no, lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov niam txiv kev ua qauv yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev coj cwj pwm ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas: cov hluas nrog cov niam txiv koom nrog lub xov tooj ntawm tes uas cuam tshuam tsav tsheb feem ntau yuav siv lub xov tooj ntawm tes thaum tsav tsheb lawv tus kheej. Kev tshawb nrhiav ntawm 760 cov niam txiv thaum cov menyuam (4-10 xyoo) tau nyob hauv tsheb pom tias 47% ntawm cov niam txiv tau sib tham hauv lub xov tooj ntawm tes, 52.2% tham hauv lub xov tooj tsis muaj tes, 33.7% nyeem cov ntawv xov, 26.7% xa cov kab ntawv xa tawm, thiab 13.7% siv social network thaum tsav tsheb [91]. Qhov no tuaj yeem yog ib qho txaus ntshai thiab tsis tu ncua ntxiv qhov tshwm sim uas cuam tshuam nrog cov hluas thiab cov neeg laus yav tom ntej.

Cyberbullying

Qhov nce ntawm kev sib tham isthawmnev muaj feem xyuam rau ntau cov smartphones, internet thiab mobile. Nws txhais tau tias yog kev sib thab ua los ntawm ib tus neeg lossis ib pab pawg los ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob thiab ua kom kawg rau kev ua kom tsis xis nyob, hem, ntshai lossis deev rau tus neeg raug tsim txom [92]. Muaj ntau cov ntawv sib txawv ntawm cyberbullying piav qhia los ntawm cov ntawv sau: kev hu xov tooj, cov lus ntawv, cov duab / vis dis aus, email thiab messaging apps yog cov feem ntau siv [93]. Qhov no yog kev txhawj xeeb zoo rau pej xeem kev noj qab haus huv: hauv Ltalis, 2015 ISTAT cov ntaub ntawv qhia tias 19.8% ntawm 11-17 xyoo laus siv internet, qhia raug cyberbullied [94,95,96].

Hikikomori

Qhov hu ua social phenomenon Ua raws li kev cai lij choj (kev tawm tsam) tau dhau los ua neeg lees paub hauv ntau lub tebchaws [97]. Txog rau hnub tim, nws tau kwv yees kwv yees li ntawm 1-2% ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas thiab cov neeg hluas yog hikikomori hauv cov teb chaws Asia. Feem ntau ntawm cov txiv neej yog cov txiv neej thiab tau ntsib kev sib raug zoo sib luag li 1 txog 4 xyoos98,99,100,101,102,103,104]. Lawv tsis kam sib txuas lus txawm tias lawv tus kheej tsev neeg, txuas ntxiv siv Is Taws Nem thiab tsuas yog tau koom nrog kev tu lawv lub cev.

Ntau tus neeg hikikomori siv ntau dua li 12 ha ib hnub nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub vijtsam thiab yog li ntawm qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev muaj yees hauv internet [105,106,107].

Yam zoo

Smartphone thiab Is Taws Nem muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog ntau yam zoo ntsig txog kev sib raug zoo thiab kev sib txuas lus, kev loj hlob thiab lub siab lub ntsws.

Cov neeg hluas yuav txhim kho tus kheej kom tswj tau tus kheej, hais tawm cov lus pom thiab txiav txim siab zoo [108].

Cov tub ntxhais hluas uas xav tias nyob ib leeg thiab nyuaj siab, yuav tsim kev sib raug zoo yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam txog seb lwm tus ntsuas lawv lub cev zoo li cas, txhim kho lawv lub siab uas ntxhov siab thiab tau txais kev txhawb nqa kom muaj kev ntseeg siab rau lawv tus kheej thiab kev phooj ywg thiab tau txais kev txhawb nqa siab ntsws [109,110,111,112,113].

Cov txiaj ntsig tau los muab sau ua ke hauv Cov Lus 1.

Rooj 1 Ntsiab ntawv xyuas cov ntawv sau thiab lawv cov qauv tseem ceeb
Puv loj lub rooj

kev sib tham

Tswv yim

Rau niam txiv

Ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm cov ntawv sau cov niam txiv, cov niam txiv yuav tsum paub txog qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm smartphone thiab media twj siv hauv cov hluas. Yog li ntawv, kev nqis tes ua cov lus qhia rau cov tsev neeg muaj xws li:

  • Txhim kho qhov kev sib txuas lus: caw cov hluas los tawm tswv yim sib tham txog lub sijhawm lawv siv nyob rau media media thiab hais txog social app uas lawv siv. Txhawb lawv kom sib qhia cov teeb meem lawv yuav ntsib kev offline thiab hauv online. Paub lawv ntawm cov ntsiab lus online thiab nyob online tsis pub leej twg paub.
  • Saib xyuas: txheeb xyuas lub sijhawm siv online thiab cov ntsiab lus; txhawb kev sib tham nquag txog kev siv cuab yeej tawm xov xwm; hais qhia sib pab thiab sib koom ua si.
  • Txhais cov ntsiab lus meej thiab cov cai: zam kev tshaj tawm kev siv khoom noj thaum ua mov noj, ua hoo vawj thiab thaum mus pw.
  • Muab piv txwv: txo sijhawm siv sijhawm hauv xov tooj smartphones thaum muaj rooj sib tham hauv tsev neeg, thaum hla kev thiab thaum noj mov.
  • Kev sib koom tes: tsim kom muaj kev sib koom tes nrog cov kws kho mob hlwb thiab cov kws saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv txhawm rau paub txog cov hluas hauv internet thiab smartphone tsis zoo.

Rau cov kws kho mob

Raws li ntawv sau tseg, cov lus pom zoo rau cov kws kho mob thiab cov neeg kho mob suav nrog:

  • Kev sib txuas lus nrog cov hluas thiab cov niam txiv: qhia cov hluas txog qhov zoo thiab tsis zoo ntawm kev siv cuab yeej tawm. Muab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm: kev pheej hmoo kev quav, cuam tshuam, kev kawm tshwm sim, neuropsychological txim siab, kev nkag siab. Tham nrog cov hluas txog lawv lub xov tooj smartphones thiab kev siv network, nws nce mus rau qhov kev paub thiab paub. Xav nrog cov hluas thiab cov niam txiv hais txog kev cuam tshuam kev tshuaj ntsuam ib puag ncig txuas nrog kev kawm tsis tau zoo thiab niam txiv yog qhov qauv tseem ceeb rau lawv cov menyuam.
  • Cov kev sib raug zoo thiab kev sib raug zoo: txhawb kev tsis txaus siab cov tub ntxhais hluas siv kev siv social network thiab smartphones tsuas yog kom zam dhau kev nyob ib leeg thiab txhawb tus kheej nkaus xwb; Pab txhawb kev nyab xeeb kev siv xov xwm tawm los txuas nrog phooj ywg thiab sib qhia cov ncauj lus.
  • Txhim kho tub ntxhais kawm relationship kev sib raug zoo: txhawb kev sib fim tim ntsej tim muag nrog cov hluas thiab tsev neeg.
  • Paub txog cov kev hloov hauv kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev coj tus cwj pwm: kom sai luam nrog kev yees ntawm smartphone thiab txo cov kev tsis zoo, cov kws kho mob yuav tsum pom cov tsos mob thiab cov paib qhia rau qhov tsis muaj tseeb tshaj tawm kev siv cuab yeej, xws li hnyav nce / poob, mob taub hau thiab mob nqaij, pom kev / qhov muag cuam tshuam, thiab lwm yam.
  • Qhia ntawv: qhia cov lus nug ntsuas tus menyuam lub neej nyob hauv on-line mus rau kev saib xyuas menyuam yaus, suav nrog cov lus nug ntsig txog kev siv game thiab cyberbullying, txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov hluas uas muaj feem ua rau muaj kev noj qab haus huv tus cwj pwm lossis teeb meem quav yeeb tshuaj.

    Cov lus qhia tau muab nthuav qhia nyob hauv Cov Lus 2.

Rooj ntawv 2 Cov lus qhia rau cov niam txiv thiab kws kho mob hais txog kev siv xov xwm thaum tseem hluas
Puv loj lub rooj

xaus

Cov Smartphones thiab social network tau dhau los ua ib feem ntawm cov hluas lub neej muaj feem cuam tshuam rau tus neeg lub neej tag nrho. Ob leeg niam txiv thiab kws kho mob / kws kho mob yuav tsum nkag siab txog ob qho txiaj ntsig thiab kev pheej hmoo txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev mob phem, xws li kev yees ntawm smartphone. Cov kws kho mob thiab cov niam txiv ob leeg yuav tsum ua kom nkag siab zoo ntxiv txog cov hluas cov kev ua online, tham nrog lawv txog kev siv smartphone thiab tiv thaiv cov kev tsis zoo.

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