Neurophysiological correlates ntawm cov lus teb hloov inhibition hauv internet gaming teeb meem thiab obsessive-compulsive tsis meej: Perspectives ntawm impulsivity thiab compulsivity (2017)

Sci Rep. 2017 Jan 30; 7: 41742. doi: 10.1038 / srep41742.

Kim M¹, Lee TH², Choi JS^1,3, Kwak YB², Hwang WJ², Kim T², Lee JY^3,4, Lim JA³, M Park³, Kim YJ³, Kim SN¹, Kim DJ⁵, Kwon JS^1,2,4.

Abstract

Txawm hais tias internet gaming teeb meem (IGD) thiab obsessive-compulsive teeb meem (OCD) sawv cev rau cov lus xaus ntawm kev poob siab thiab cov compulsivity qhov ntev, qhov ob mob muaj feem xyuam uas muaj cov hlwb pob txha tsis tseeb nyob rau hauv cov lus teb inhibition. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov sib thooj thiab sib txawv hauv cov hlab ntsha neurophysiological ntawm kev hloov kho qhov tsis zoo ntawm IGD thiab OCD tsis tau raug tshawb xyuas txaus. Hauv tag nrho, 27 cov neeg mob IGD, 24 cov neeg mob nrog OCD, thiab 26 kev noj qab haus huv tswj (HC) kawm tau koom nrog Go / NoGo ua hauj lwm nrog cov ntaub ntawv electroencephalographic. N2-P3 ntau lub tswv yim muaj feem xyuam thaum lub sijhawm Go thiab NoGo raug soj ntsuas nyias thiab sib piv ntawm cov neeg mob thiab cov pawg. NoGo-N2 latency ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm qhov chaw electrode tau qeeb hauv IGD pab pawg neeg HC pab pawg neeg thiab muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog cov kev ua si ntawm kev ua si hauv internet thiab kev ua tsis taus. NoGo-N2 qhov siab ntawm qhov chaw hauv pem hauv ntej electrode yog me hauv OCD cov neeg mob dua li cov neeg mob IGD. Cov kev tshawb pom no qhia tias lub sij hawm ntev ntawm NoGo-N2 latency yuav ua hauj lwm raws li tus cim tias qhov kev nyuab siab tsis zoo nyob rau hauv IGD thiab txo NoGo-N2 amplitude kuj yog ib qho kev sib txawv ntawm lub hlwb ntawm OCD ntawm IGD txog kev sib tw. Peb tshaj tawm thawj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hlwb neurophysiological ntawm qhov kev hloov kho tsis sib haum hauv IGD thiab OCD, uas yog ib qho kev sib tw biomarker rau qhov kev ua tsis taus thiab sib txeeb.

Tshaj tawm

Keeb kwm, cov qauv kev qaug ntawm cov kev puas siab puas ntsws tau tso rau kev xav tsis sib haum xeeb thiab kev mob kev nkeeg ntawm cov lus tsis sib haum ntawm ib qho loj¹. Feem ntau cov neeg tsis sib haum xeeb yog cov kev tiv thaiv kabmob, xws li kev sib tw kis kabmob (PG) lossis tshuaj yeeb-tshuaj, uas ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo-coj tus cwj pwm zoo rau kev txaus siab tam sim ntawd ua tus cwj pwm^2,3. Dua li ntawm, obsessive-compulsive teeb meem (OCD) tau pom tias hom kab mob feem ntau ntawm compulsive disorder vim compulsions hauv OCD ntseeg tau tias tsis yog kev xav tsis zoo, feem ntau ego-dystonic, thiab npaj rau kev tiv thaiv tsis zoo^4,5. Dua li no, cov ntaub ntawv qhia tsis ntev los no tau tsom rau cov kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov kev xav tsis zoo thiab kev ua yuam kev, xws li qhov tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam inhibition, hlwb circuitry, thiab comorbidities, qhia hais tias kev poob siab thiab compulsivity yog cov tsom iav uas txhua tus tuaj yeem ua rau ntau theem,^6,7. Ntawm qhov kev xam pom no, American Psychiatric Association tau muab kho dua tshiab ntawm obsessive-compulsive thiab lwm yam mob (OCRD) hauv Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5^th ib tsab (DSM-5), uas zoo sib xws thiab sib txawv hauv kev xav tsis sib haum xeeb thiab kev ua yuam kev tuaj yeem muab coj los piv thiab soj ntsuam ntxiv los ntawm ntau qhov kev xam pom⁶.

Internet gaming teeb meem (IGD) raug cais raws li kev tiv thaiv tus cwj pwm, uas yog lub cev tsis muaj peev xwm tswj kev siv internet kev siv txawm muaj kev ua tsis taus, zoo li kev twv txiaj hauv PG^8,9. Nrog lub laj thawj ntawm lub internet thiab kev loj hlob ceev hauv nws qhov kev ua si kev lag luam, cov tib neeg muaj tus kab mob IGD tau nce hauv tus naj npawb thiab qhia cov tendencies mus rau ntau hom kev mob hlwb^10,11,12,13. Qhia txog qhov kev ntsuam xyuas lub paj hlwb hauv IGD, seem 3 ntawm DSM-5 (Cov Qauv Tshaj Tawm thiab Cov Qauv) muaj qhov teeb meem no, nrog rau ib daim ntawv teev cov kev tshuaj ntsuam pom zoo los txhawb kev tshawb nrhiav yav tom ntej¹⁴. Impulsivity thiab ib tug tsis ua hauj lwm ntawm kev tswj kev tswj nyob rau hauv IGD tau pom tias siv ntau yam kev coj ua, xws li kev coj cwj pwm, electrophysiological, thiab kev ua haujlwm rau lub hlwb^15,16,17. Cov kev tsis hnov ​​lus teb tsis zoo los kuj tau tshaj tawm hauv OCD, raws li obsessive-compulsive tsos mob hnyav thiab cov kev cai tsis tshua zoo tshaj^18,19. Cov teeb meem hauv kev xav inhibition tej zaum yuav tshwm sim los ntawm ntau cov lus teb neural, ntawm txoj kev impulsivity los yog compulsivity, rau kev sib koom sib koom ua ib txoj cai^20,21. Yog li, kev tshawb xyuas cov neurobiological correlate (s) ntawm cov lus teb hloov inhibition hauv IGD thiab OCD yuav pabcuam rau kev nkag siab txog lub luag haujlwm ntawm impulsivity thiab compulsivity hauv kev puas siab puas ntsws.

Lub N2 thiab P3 kev cuam tshuam txog kev muaj peev xwm (ERP) nyob rau hauv Go / NoGo cov kev pabcuam tau raug totaub raws li cov kev xav ntawm neurophysiological ntawm cov lus teb inhibition²². Nyob rau hauv cov neeg noj qab nyob zoo, txiav cov lus teb rau ib lub lag luam hu ua NoGo ua ib qho loj dua N2-P3 complex tshaj li kev teb rau Kev Xa mus, qhia tias NoGo-N2 thiab -P3 qhia txog txheej txheem kev txwv tsis pub²³. Cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los tau hais tias NoGo-N2 qhia txog qib thaum ntxov ntawm kev tswj los yog kev tsis sib haum xeeb^24,25,26. Lwm tus ERP tivthaiv, NoGo-P3, yuav sawv cev rau theem tom ntej ntawm qhov txheej txheem kev cuam tshuam nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si lub peev xwm thiab lub zog puav^27,28. Hais txog ob qhov NoGo-N2 thiab -P3 hauv kev noj qab haus huv, kev pom tau hais tias yog tus cim ntawm kev ua tau zoo los sis qhov kev xav ua kom tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam, thiab latency tau raug txiav txim siab kom muaj kev cuam tshuam rau tom kawg^22,29.

Txawm hais tias muaj ntau cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm kev ua rau kev tsis sib haum hauv IGD siv tus Go / NoGo paradigm, cov ntsiab lus tsis tau zoo ib yam thoob cov kev tshawb fawb. Ob txoj kev tshawb fawb pom tias NoGo-N2 amplitudes ntawm cov neeg siv sijhawm ntev hauv internet tau raug txo, tej zaum vim muaj kev sib cav sib thooj ntawm kev txuam nrog kev tiv thaiv. Txawm li cas los xij, txij thaum tsis muaj kev sib haum xeeb ntawm NoGo-N2 qhov siab thiab txhua yam kev ntsuas hauv kev tshawb fawb no, cov cim tsis zoo ntawm kev coj ntawm IGD cov ntsiab lus yuav tsis raug txheeb tau^17,30. Hauv kev sib piv, ob qhov kev tshawb fawb qhia tau ntxiv zog NoGo-N2 amplitudes hauv ntau gamers los yog cov neeg siv smartphone thiab txhais cov ntsiab lus ua kev tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm rau kev tsis txaus siab tsis ua hauj lwm^31,32. Cov kev tsis sib haum xeeb no yog vim muaj kev sib txawv hauv kev ua hauj lwm nyuaj ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb, uas yog paub tias muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev coj ntawm NoGo-N2 qhov siab hloov (piv txwv li, kho kom zoo lossis tsawg dua)³³. Hais txog NoGo-P3, tsuas yog kawm txog Dong thiab al. qhia txog ib pawg tseem ceeb hauv NoGo-P3 qhov siab thiab latency¹⁷. Kev tshawb xyuas ERP yav dhau los hauv OCD cov neeg siv Kev Mus / TsisGo cov haujlwm los yog Teem Sij Ntsuam Kev Tos (SST) txheeb xyuas qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev tsis txaus siab thiab kev cog lus. Kim thiab al. pom tias NoGo-N2 amplitudes ntawm qhov chaw hauv nruab nrab ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm raug txo tsawg thiab raug cuam tshuam nrog obsessive-compulsive tsos mob hnyav¹⁸. Hauv lwm txoj kev tshawb, Hermann thiab al. pom hais tias OCD cov neeg mob tau txo qhov ua ntej thaum lub sij hawm hu ua NoGo, thiab qhov kev tuaj yeem tsis sib haum nrog Yale-Brown obsessive compulsive scale (Y-BOCS)³⁴. Johannes thiab al, ntawm qhov tod tes, pom tau hais tias Kev Nres-N2 qhov siab tau nce hauv OCD cov neeg mob thaum lub sij hawm kawm SST³⁵. Tsis tas li ntawd, Lei thiab al. qhia tias qhov Nres-N2 qhov siab tau yog ib qho kev dav dav hauv OCD cov neeg mob tsis hais seb muaj cov tsos mob li cas thiab tsis cuam tshuam nrog OC tsos mob hnyav³⁶.

Dua li ntawm qhov kev loj hlob zoo rau txoj kev paub txog cov kab mob pathophysiological thiab neurobiological ntawm IGD thiab OCD lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev lam ua thiab kev sib txig compulsivity, tsis muaj txoj kev kawm rau hnub tau ncaj qha piv rau cov leeg neurophysiological correlate (s) ntawm qhov kev tawm tsam hauv IGD ntawm OD. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kev tshawb fawb xws li IGD cov ntsiab lus tau qhia cov lus tsis sib xws, uas tej zaum yuav muaj vim qhov sib txawv hauv kev nyuaj ntawm kev ua hauj lwm; tsis tas, tsis muaj teeb meem loj neurophysiological correlate ntawm impulsivity lawm^17,30,31,32. Hauv txoj kev tshawb nrhiav tam sim no, peb tshawb xyuas qhov sib thooj thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kev tiv thaiv ntawm IGD rau OCD thaum lub sij hawm Go / NoGo kev ua haujlwm. Peb ntsuas ob qho kev coj cwj pwm thiab cov neurophysiological ntawm cov lus teb inhibition thiab siv cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm sib npaug sib npaug hauv txhua pawg los tswj kom muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov haujlwm nyuaj hauv ERP cov lus teb. Peb thawj zaug xav tias cov tib neeg mob IGD thiab cov neeg mob OCD yuav pom qhov zoo sib xws hauv cov lus teb inhibition, raws li tau qhia los ntawm kev coj tus cwj pwm. Thib ob, peb xav pom tias tsis ua hauj lwm hauv kev txwv tswj kev tiv thaiv, nyob hauv IGD los yog OCD, kom muaj feem xyuam rau cov yeeb yam txawv neurophysiological ntawm cov kev mob uas muaj feem xyuam nrog impulsivity thiab compulsivity.

tau

Cov ntawv qhia neeg, cov yeeb yam tshuaj, thiab Cov Ntawv Teev Tseg Tus Qauv Tsis Tuaj Lawm

Peb pom tias tsis muaj kev sib txawv hauv kev sib deev, kev tso lus, IQ, lossis kev kawm (rooj 1). Cov qhab nia ntawm IAT (F_2,72 = 24.702, p <0.001), BIS-11 (F_2,72 = 4.209, p = 0.019), BDI (F_2,72 = 11.557, p <0.001), thiab BAI (F_2,72 = 10.507, p = 0.001) yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov pab pawg. Cov neeg koom nrog IGD qhia tau cov qhab nia siab tshaj plaws ntawm IAT, cov neeg mob OCD yog nruab nrab, thiab kev tswj hwm kev noj qab haus huv (HC) qhia tau qhab nia qis tshaj (IGD vs. HC, p <0.001, IGD vs. OCD, p <0.001, OCD vs. HC, p = 0.028). Kev tsis pom kev, raws li ntsuas los ntawm BIS-11 tus qhab nia, tau siab dua ntawm pawg IGD dua li nyob hauv pawg pab pawg HC (p = 0.019). Txawm li cas los xij, qhov sib txawv ntawm BIS-11 cov qhab nia tsis tseem ceeb ntawm HC thiab OCD pawg (p = 0.106), lossis ntawm IGD thiab OCD pawg (p = 0.826). Ob hom IGD thiab OCD qhia pom ntau cov kev nyuaj siab thiab ntxhov siab, raws li qhia los ntawm lawv cov BDI (IGD vs. HC, p = 0.006, OCD vs. HC, p <0.001) thiab BAI (IGD vs. HC, p = 0.020, OCD vs. HC, p <0.001) cov qhab nia, tshaj HCs.

Cov Ntaub Ntawv 1: Cov neeg hauv neeg lub neej, cov yeeb yam tshuaj, thiab Mus / Tus Poj ntawm tus neeg tuaj koom.

Puv loj lub rooj

Cov RTs hauv Kev Mus sib tw tsis txawv ntawm cov pawg. Txawm tias cov pab pawg neeg IGD tau teb ntau dua, thiab OCD pab pawg qeeb qeeb, dua li lwm ob pawg, tsis muaj qhov txawv ntawm pawg neeg txawv. Txawm li cas los xij, tus ER nyob rau hauv qhov kev sib tw NoGo (yuam kev ua haujlwm) tsis txawv ntawm cov pawg (F = 4.242, p = 0.018); cov HCs tau pom tias qis dua ER dua li cov IGD (p = 0.031) thiab OCD (p = 0.044).

ERP amplitudes thiab latencies

Daim duab 1 qhia tias cov EG waveforms hauv cov Fz, Cz, thiab Pz electrode. Muaj teebmeem loj ntawm teebmeem kev tswj (Go / NoGo) rau N2 qhov siab (F_1,74 = 59.594, p <0.001) thiab latency (F_1,74 = 6.902, p = 0.010), ib yam li ua rau P3 qhov ntau ntxiv (F_1,74 = 48.469, p <0.001) thiab latency (F_1,74 = 4.229, p = 0.043). Tsis muaj ib pab pawg neeg tseem ceeb los ntawm kev cuam tshuam kev cuam tshuam los cuam tshuam rau N2 qhov dav (F_1,74 = 2.628, p = 0.079) lossis latency (F_1,74 = 2.071, p = 0.133), lossis ntawm P3 qhov ntau (F_1,74 = 0.030, p = 0.971) lossis latency (F_1,74 = 0.681, p = 0.509). Qhov tseeb tiag, txhua peb pawg tau pom N2 thiab P3 loj dua, thiab ntev dua N2 thiab P3 ntev dua hauv NoGo dua hauv Go kev sim. Rov ntsuas-ntsuas ANOVA nrog qhov chaw electrode (rau rau sab hauv-hauv ntej electrodes rau N2 thiab rau centro-parietal electrodes rau P3) raws li cov kev kawm sab hauv thiab pawg (IGD / OCD / HC) raws li qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov kev kawm tau nthuav tawm tseem ceeb loj ntawm pawg ntawm NoGo-N2 latency (F_2,74 = 3.880, tsis saib xyuas p = 0.025). Tom qab ua ntawv thov Bonferroni kho rau ntau cov ntsuas rov qab ANOVAs, cov nyhuv tseem ceeb ntawm pab pawg ntawm NoGo-latency qhia cov qib theem tseem ceeb uas qhia tau qhov cuam tshuam theem nrab (kho qhov p = 0.100). Muaj cov cuam tshuam loj ntawm electrode site ntawm NoGo-N2 latency (F_5,70 = 17.652, p <0.001) thiab NoGo-N2 amplitude (F_5,70 = 16.364, p <0.001). A ncej hoc Bonferroni kev kuaj pom tias NoGo-N2 latency tau siv sij hawm ntev hauv IGD cov ntsiab lus (p = 0.025) piv rau hauv HCs, qhov tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov IGD thiab OCD pawg (p = 1.000) los yog OCD thiab HC pawg (p = 0.191). Tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam cov teebmeem tseem ceeb hauv lwm qhov ntawm lwm qhov txawv (Go-N2 amplitude, F_2,74 = 0.152, p = 0.859, Mus-N2 latency, F_2,74 = 1.860, p = 0.163, Go-P3 amplitude, F_2,74 = 0.134, p = 0.875, Mus-P3 latency, F_2,74 = 3.880, p = 0.025, NoGo-N2 amplitude, F_2,74 = 2.111, p = 0.128, NoGo-P3 amplitude, F_2,74 = 0.057, p = 0.945, NoGo-P3 latency, F_2,74 = 1.927, p = 0.153). rooj 2 xaus lub ntsiab lus (cov qauv kev hloov) ntawm Go- and NoGo-N2 qhov siab thiab latencies ntawm txhua qhov chaw kawm electrode, thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib piv ntawm pab pawg. Cov neeg mob nrog OCD tau pom tias tsawg ntawm NoGo-N2 amplitudes ntawm F2 piv rau cov neeg uas muaj IGD, tom qab Bonferroni kho lus (tsis kho p = 0.006, kho p = 0.036). Tsis muaj kev sib txawv ntawm NoGo-N2 qhov siab ntawm F2 ntawm IGD thiab HC pawg (p = 0.469) lossis ntawm OCD thiab HC pawg (p = 0.123). rooj 3 nthuav tawm cov khoom siv (qauv kev hloov) ntawm Go- and NoGo-P3 amplitudes thiab latencies ntawm txhua qhov chaw kawm electrode, thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib piv ntawm pab pawg. OCD cov neeg mob tau piv rau cov neeg mob OCD uas tau ntev mus rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm C3 electrode (tsis muaj p = 1, kho p = 0.024), thaum cov ntsiab lus nrog IGD pom tau ntev ntawm Go-P0.144 latencies ntawm P3 (tsis muaj p = 1, kho p = 0.028) thiab NoGo-P0.168 latencies ntawm Cz (uncorrected p = 3, kho p = 0.029). Txawm li cas los xij, cov kev sib txawv li no tsis muaj sia nyob tom qab Bonferroni kho.

Daim duab 1: Cov xwm txheej loj uas muaj feem cuam tshuam muaj peev xwm ntawm Go / NoGo nyob thoob plaws peb pab pawg ntawm Fz, Cz, thiab PZ electrode.

Daim duab loj loj

Cov lus 2: Kev sib piv ntawm Go / Nogo-N2 qhov siab thiab latencies thoob plaws peb pawg.

Puv loj lub rooj

Cov lus 3: Kev sib piv ntawm Go / Nogo-P3 qhov siab thiab latencies thoob peb pawg.

Puv loj lub rooj

Correlation tsom

Pearson txoj kev sib txheeb sib piv tau rau NoGo-N2 latency ntawm Cz, NoGo-N2 latency ntawm C2, IAT cov qhab-nees, BIS-11 cov qhab nia ntawm IGD pawg; thiab rau NoGo-N2 qhov siab ntawm F2, Y-BOCS cov qhabnias tag nrho, cov qhabnia cov kev xav, thiab cov qhab nia ntawm OCD pawg. Cov kev sib raug zoo ntawm NoGo-N2 latency ntawm Cz thiab IAT cov qhab nia (r = 0.452, p = 0.018) thiab BIS-11 cov qhab nia (r = 0.393, p = 0.043) nyob hauv pawg IGD (Daim duab. 2). NoGo-N2 latency ntawm C2 correlated nrog cov qhab nia IAT (r = 0.057, p = 0.777) los yog BIS-11 cov qhab nia (r = 0.170, p = 0.398) nyob hauv pab pawg IGD. Hauv OCD pawg, tsis muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm NoGo-N2 qhov siab ntawm F2 thiab Y-BOCS cov paj xyeem tag nrho (r = -0.192, p = 0.370), cov qhab nia obsession (r = -0.252, p = 0.235), los yog compulsion scores (r = -0.091, p = 0.674).

Daim duab 2: Correlation ntawm NoGo-N2 latency nyob rau ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawm Cz electrode nrog cov qhab nias ntawm Kauslim version ntawm Young's Internet Kev Tshuaj Txhuam (IAT) thiab Barratt Impulsiveness Nplai version 11 (BIS-11) rau cov tib neeg uas muaj internet gaming teeb meem.

Daim duab loj loj

kev sib tham

Rau peb txoj kev paub, qhov no yog thawj zaug kev tshawb nrhiav txog kev sib txawv ntawm cov neurophysiological correlates cov lus teb inhibition hauv IGD thiab OCD. Raws li kev pom zoo, IGD thiab OCD cov koom nrog pom tau hais tias cov neeg mob ERs nyob rau hauv NoGo mob (yuam kev ua haujlwm), qhia tias ob pawg IGD thiab OCD pawg tau pom teeb meem hauv kev tsis txaus siab ntawm kev coj tus cwj pwm. Hais txog kev tshawb pom neurophysiological, tag nrho peb pawg pom cov N2-P3 amplitudes thiab ntev N2-P3 latencies nyob rau hauv lub NoGo tshaj rau hauv Cov mob. Lub sij hawm Delayed NoGo-N2 latency ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub vas sab tau pom nyob rau hauv pab pawg neeg IGD tiv thaiv HCs nrog cov nyhuv nrab, thiab sib cuam tshuam zoo nrog kev ua si hauv online game loj thiab cov qhab nia impulsivity. Lub NoGo-N2 siab ntawm qhov chaw hauv seem yog txo cov OCD cov neeg mob rau IGD cov tib neeg; Txawm li cas los xij, qhov sib haum ntawm NoGo-N2 qhov siab ntawm qhov chaw nyob thiab obsessive-compulsive tsos mob hnyav heev tsis tseem ceeb.

Zoo ib yam li cov kev tshawb fawb dhau los, IGD cov ntsiab lus pom cov qib siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev tsis pom zoo, raws li tau qhia los ntawm BIS-11 cov qhab nia, ntawm cov pawg^37,38. Latency ntawm lub N2-P3 complex nyob rau hauv tus mob NoGo yog suav tias kev paub xav tau los soj ntsuam cov teeb meem thiab inhibit cov lus teb ntse²⁹. Benikos thiab al. qhia tias NoGo-N2 amplitude tau muab kho kom zoo nrog cov neeg ua haujlwm nyuaj thiab ua kom tsis muaj teebmeem hauv kev xav rau cov lus teb³³. Nws kuj tau qhia tias kev puas siab puas ntsws nrog kev siab tus kheej, xws li kev tsis nco qab thiab kev tsis sib haum xeeb, kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm tus kheej, thiab kev xav ntawm psychopathy, kev hloov kho NoGo N2-P3 ntau ceg^39,40,41. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb xyuas tam sim no, lub Neej NoGo-N2 qhov loj tshaj hauv IGD cov neeg mob OCD cov neeg mob, tawm tswv yim tias txawm tias txoj kev sib npaug tswj kev txwv, muaj ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kev xav hauv nruab paj hlwb thiab kev cog lus ntawm ob qho tib si. Ntxiv mus, NoGo-N2 latency hauv IGD cov tib neeg tau qeeb dua piv rau hauv HC cov ntsiab lus, qhia tias IGD cov kawm muaj teeb meem nrog kev tsis txaus siab nyob rau hauv cov theem thaum ntxov, yog li ntawd yuav tsum tau muaj kev paub ntau dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov sib txawv ntawm IGD thiab kev quab yuam ua rau sib haum nrog NoGo-N2 latency ntawm lub hauv paus tsev kawm ntawv, tawm tswv yim tias qhov uas tsis ua rau kev tswj kev tiv thaiv hauv IGD tej zaum yuav muaj feem cuam tshuam ntxiv rau kev xav tsis txaus siab, vim lawv siab zog.

Cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los qhia hais tias rov qab coj tus cwj pwm hauv OCD ntau dua li qhov tsis txaus ntseeg vim hais tias OCD cov neeg mob tau pom tias muaj peev xwm qeeb dua qhov khoom plig, tsis zoo li cov neeg quav tshuaj^42,43. Zoo sib xws, peb pom tias tsis tshua muaj siab ntseeg nyob hauv OCD cov neeg mob los ntawm IGD cov kev kawm. Ntxiv rau, OCD cov neeg mob tsom me me ntawm NoGo-N2 ntawm qhov chaw nyob ntawm IGD, qhia tias NoGo-N2 amplitude hauv OCD tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm hauv thaj tsam ntawm cheeb tsam uas inhibit (s) compulsive behaviors¹⁸. Raws li qhov tau los ntawm kev tshawb fawb tau los ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb dhau los, lub Npe NGNUMX feem tsim los ntawm cov kab mob hauv nruab nrab ntawm orbitofrontal thiab cingulate cortices^22,44. Cov cheeb tsam no tau raug tshaj tawm tias yog cov kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov lus teb hauv kev sib cav uas siv cov kev siv magnetic resonance imaging²¹. Hauv OCD cov neeg mob, cov cheeb tsam hauv lub ventral cognitive circuit ntawm lub tsho cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical loop paub kev nruab nrab lub cev muaj zog thiab cov lus teb inhibition tau pom tias yog neural correlates ntawm cov tsos mob obsessive-compulsive^45,46. Kev soj ntsuam cov lus no, txo NoGo-N2 qhov siab ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub sab hauv peb pawg neeg OCD cov neeg tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv cov neurophysiological correlates ntawm inhibitory tswj, kho los ntawm frontal cortical regions.

Contrary to tau qhia los ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb dhau los, peb pom tias tsis muaj qhov sib txawv hauv NoGo-N2 qhov siab ntawm OCD cov neeg mob thiab cov HC^{18,34,35,36,47}. Cov ntaub ntawv yav dhau los ntawm NoGo- lossis Stop-N2 hauv OCD cov neeg mob tau qhia tawm cov lus tsis txaus siab ntawm N2 amplitude (ntau zog lossis tsawg dua) nrog rau kev kawm tsim. Cov kev tshawb fawb uas tau qhia me me ntawm NoGo-N2 hauv OCD cov neeg mob tshaj li hauv HCs siv Go / NoGo ua hauj lwm yam tsis muaj oddball paradigm thiab txhais lawv cov kev tshawb pom raws li kev xav ntawm kev tsis hnov ​​lus teb inhibition^18,34. Cov kev tshawb fawb uas tau tshaj tawm hauv Nres-N2 hauv OCD cov neeg mob, ntawm qhov kev siv, Siv Go / NoGo cov hauj lwm nrog complex oddball paradigm los yog SST thiab pom tias qhov kev nce siab xav tau hauv kev ua kom tsis muaj teeb meem hu ua NoGo- lossis Stop-N2^35,36,47. Nws tau raug pom tias NoGo- lossis Stop-N2 tau pom ib qho zoo li topography thiab kwv yees qhov chaw qhov kev ua tsis zoo los ntawm kev ua tsis ncaj ncees, thiab NoGo- los yog Stop-N2 tau pom tias yog qhov loj tshaj plaws hauv kev sib tawm tsam⁴⁷. Yog li, NoGo- lossis Stop-N2 tivthaiv kuj tseem tuaj yeem koom nrog rau cov xwm txheej uas muaj kev cuam tshuam cov teeb meem loj. Cov hauj lwm Go / NoGo uas siv rau hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb tam sim no muaj qhov yooj yim oddball paradigm uas tsis muaj nyob hauv cov kev tshawb fawb dhau los qhia txo cov NoGo-N2 hauv OCD cov neeg mob^18,34 thiab, tas li ntawd, nrog cov teeb meem tsis tshua muaj teeb meem nrog rau SST siv nyob rau hauv Lei thiab al. txoj kev tshawb no, uas qhia tau ntxiv Cov Nres-N2 qhov siab³⁶. Yog li, qhov teeb meem tsis sib haum xeeb uas tau ua los ntawm Go / NoGo cov hauj lwm hauv txoj kev tshawb no muaj peev xwm muaj kev sib tw NoGo-N2 qhov siab hauv OCD cov neeg mob uas, dhau los, muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm OCD thiab HC pawg.

Nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no, cov IGD thiab OCD cov neeg koom siab pom cov cwj pwm tsis zoo rau hauv kev tsis txaus siab, raws li kev soj ntsuam los ntawm kev nce qib ER thaum mus ua haujlwm Go / NoGo. Txawm li cas los, cov lus teb rau neural rau kev txiav txim siab coj tus cwj pwm tsis zoo rau NoGo stimuli txawv ntawm cov pab pawg, tawm tswv yim txog kev sib txawv ntawm cov neurophysiological txog kev hloov cov lus teb. Txawm hais tias tsis ua hauj lwm ntawm kev tswj tsis pub muaj peev xwm ua rau los ntawm ob qho kev sib txeeb thiab kev sib txeeb, qhov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua tsis tau zoo muaj feem xyuam rau qhov kev xav ua rau ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb, qhov kev sib txuam nrawm yog cuam tshuam rau qhov teeb meem thaum xaus kev ua^7,48. Tshwj xeeb, peb pom tias NoGo-N2 qhov siab ntawm qhov chaw hauv seem yog nce hauv pawg IGD, whereas OCD pawg tau pom ib tus txheeb ze txo ntawm NoGo-N2 qhov siab ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm Go / NoGo qhov haujlwm tib. Yav dhau los ERP cov kev tshawb fawb siv Go / NoGo cov dej num tau qhia txog kev tsis sib haum xeeb txog qhov kev coj ua (enhanced lossis txo qis) ntawm NoGo-N2 qhov siab, tejzaum nws yog vim muaj kev sib koom tes ntawm qhov kev siv dag zog thiab kev sib txawv ntawm cov hauj lwm nyuaj ntawm cov Go / NoGo paradigms^29,33,49. Yog li, peb nrhiav tau pawg neeg sib txawv ntawm NoGo-N2 qhov siab ntawm IGD thiab OCD tuaj yeem cuam tshuam txog cov teeb meem ntawm neural sib txawv, kho nruab nrab ntawm cov pab pawg sib txawv ntawm qhov kev siv zog ua rau kev tswj kev tiv thaiv thaum kev ua haujlwm ntawm Go / NoGo.

Txoj kev tshawb no muaj qee qhov kev txwv. Ua ntej, txawm hais tias peb tau xaiv cov neeg mob OCD uas muaj qhov tsis sib xws, NoGo-N2 qhov ntau ntawm thaj chaw ua ntej tsis cuam tshuam nrog cov qhab nia ntawm Y-BOCS. Yog li, tsis tas yuav siv qhov kev paub tseeb hauv kev tsis txaus siab, nws tsis paub meej tias qhov txo qis NoGo-N2 qhov dav li ntawm cov chaw hauv ntej hauv OCD cov neeg mob ncaj qha sawv cev rau neurophysiological correlate ntawm kev sib txuam. Thib ob, ntau tus neeg mob IGD hauv peb txoj kev tshawb nrhiav tsis nrhiav kev kho thiab lawv tsis quav ntxiv (txhais tau tias IAT tus qhab nia <60) piv rau cov koom nrog hauv kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los. Tsis tas li ntawd, OCD cov neeg mob hauv qhov kev tshawb fawb no yog qhov txawv me ntsis, yog li lawv cov xwm txheej kev noj tshuaj thiab cov tshuaj tsis tuaj yeem tswj-nyob rau hauv kev tshuaj ntsuam ntawm ERPs. Cov kev tsis sib haum xeeb tej zaum yuav ua rau ERP txawv ntawm peb pawg; txawm li cas los xij, txawm hais tias heterogeneity, cov txiaj ntsig txhawb qhov kev xav, ntev li ntev los ntawm kev txhais lus ceev faj yog khaws cia. Thib peb, pab pawg sib txawv ntawm NoGo-N2 latency qhia txog kev cuam tshuam theem nrab tom qab thov kev txhim kho rau ntau qhov kev sib piv, thiab kev kho rau ntau qhov kev ntsuas tsis tau ua rau kev txheeb cais tsis sib haum. Yog li, ceev faj yuav tsum tau lav rau kev txhais cov txiaj ntsig ntawm txoj kev kawm tam sim no hauv kev sib raug zoo rau kev kho mob kom tau txais txiaj ntsig.

Peb nrhiav los soj ntsuam cov kev sib txawv ntawm cov neurophysiological ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis muaj teeb meem nyob rau hauv IGD thiab OCD, uas yog siv cov Go / NoGo paradigm, ntawm ob qho tib si kev sib txig thiab kev sib txeeb. Cov cwj pwm coj qhia tau hais tias cov leeg IGD thiab OCD cov neeg muaj teeb meem hauv kev tsis txaus siab. ERP tau pom tau tias cov neeg uas muaj IGD tau xav paub ntau tshaj rau cov kev paub tswj thaum ntxov ntawm kev ua rau kev tsis txaus siab, raws li kev quav tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab qhov teeb meem ntawm kev ua tsis taus. Nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob OCD, nws yuav ua tau tias qhov deficits nyob rau hauv cov lus teb inhibition muaj kev cuam tshuam kawg nyob rau hauv lub frontal cortex, uas yog hais txog qhov tswj kev tiv thaiv ntawm kev coj tus cwj pwm. Tuaj ua ke, qeeb NoGo-N2 latency qeeb yog ib qho biomarker ntawm kev tsim kev kub nyhiab rau cov neeg mob IGD, thiab txo cov NoGo-N2 amplitude kuj yog ib qho kev sib txawv neurophysiological hauv OCD tiv IGD hauv koom nrog compulsivity. Cov kev tshawb nrhiav yav tom ntej nrog ntau homogeneous kuaj, thiab Go / NoGo paradigm zoo haum rau kev sib piv ntawm IGD ntawm OCD, yuav tsum tau mus cuag thiab paub meej tias qhov tshawb pom ntawm txoj kev kawm tam sim no.

txoj kev

Cov neeg koom nrog thiab cov kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas

Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, 27 cov ntsiab lus nrog IGD, 24 tus neeg mob OCD, thiab 26 HC cov neeg koom nrog qhov kev tshawb fawb no. IGD cov kev kawm tau raug xaiv los ntawm kev quav yeeb tshuaj rau chaw kho mob ntawm SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, ntxiv rau ntawm kev tshaj tawm. Cov ntsiab lus HC raug xaiv los ntawm kev tshaj tawm online. OCD cov neeg mob tau txais los ntawm OCD pab pawg kho mob tawm ntawm Seoul National University Hospital (SNUH). Txhua yam kev kawm nrog IGD koom nrog kev twv txiaj hauv internet rau> 4 teev / hnub thiab tau noj tshuaj. Tus kws kho kev puas siab ntsws tau ua kev xam phaj kom paub meej cov kev kuaj mob ntawm IGD thiab OCD uas yog siv cov txheej txheem DSM-5. Xav txog kev kawm lub hom phiaj, ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav qhov kev tsis taus thiab kev yuam, tsuas yog cov neeg mob OCD uas muaj qhov mob txawv txav tau suav nrog. Xya tus neeg mob OCD tau noj tshuaj-rau-mob, kaum yog tsis tau tshuaj rau> 1 lub hlis ua ntej nkag mus rau qhov kev tshawb fawb, thiab xya tau tshuaj nyob rau lub sijhawm kuaj. Xya lub tshuaj OCD cov neeg mob tau noj cov tshuaj serotonin reuptake inhibitors, thiab ib tus neeg mob tau kho me me ntawm olanzapine (2.5 mg) raws li cov tshuaj ntxiv. Qhov loj ntawm OCD raug soj ntsuam siv Y-BOCS⁵⁰Cov. HC cov kev kawm ua si internet ua si rau <2 teev / hnub thiab qhia tsis muaj yav dhau los lossis tam sim no mob hlwb. Hauv txhua tus neeg koom, Cov Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Siv Internet Taws Taws (IAT)⁵¹ thiab Barratt Impulsiveness Nplai (BIS-11)⁵² tau siv los ntsuas qhov phem ntawm kev ua si hauv Internet gaming thiab qhov kev kawm ntawm impulsivity. Cov kev mob nyuab siab thiab kev ntxhov siab tau raug tshuaj xyuas los ntawm Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)⁵³ thiab Beck Kev Ntseeg Cov Lus Qhia (BAI)⁵⁴Cov. Kev txawj ntse quotient (IQ) raug ntsuas ntsuas siv Kaus Voom Kauslim-Wechsler Cov Neeg Txom Nyem Cov Qeb Qis Nplai Nplai. Cov kev tsis suav nrog suav nrog kev kuaj mob ib ce rau kev quav yeeb tshuaj lossis kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj, kab mob hauv lub paj hlwb, mob taub hau tseem ceeb nrog rau qhov tsis nco qab lawm, muaj mob dab tsi nrog rau cov ntawv pov thawj, puas hlwb tsis meej, thiab kev xiam oob khab (IQ <70).

Tag nrho cov neeg koom siab tau to taub txoj kev rau siab kawm thiab tau sau ntawv pom zoo. Txoj kev tshawb no tau ua tiav raws li Tshaj Tawm ntawm Helsinki. Lub tuam txhab kev ntsuam xyuas sab nraud ntawm SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center thiab SNUH pom zoo rau txoj kev tshawb xyuas.

Mus / Nogo Cov Haujlwm thiab EEG cov ntaub ntawv

Cov neeg tuaj koom tau seated zoo nyob hauv ib qho chaw dimly, chav tsev hluav taws xob, ~ 60 cm deb ntawm tus saib xyuas uas muaj kev xiam hlwb ntawm 300-ms pom qhov muag, "S" thiab "O", tau qhia. Cov kev kawm raug qhia kom teb nrog lub pob nyem khawm rau qhov "S" stimulus (Mus sib tw, 71.4%, 428 / 600) thiab tsis los teb cov lus hais tias "O" stimulus (NoGo trial, 28.6%, 172 / 600). Lub inter-trial interval yog 1,500 ms. Cov twj hu ua Continuous electroencephalogram (EEG) tau siv cov Neuroscan 128-Channel Synamps system nrog 128-channel Quick-Cap, raws li hloov 10-20 thoob ntiaj teb (Compumedics, Charlotte, NC, USA). Cov electrodes ntawm cov chaw hauv mastoid tau txais kev pabcuam yog siv cov electrodes thiab hauv av electrode ntawm FPz thiab Fz electrode qhov chaw. Tus EEG raug digitized ntawm 1,000-Hz sampling tus nqi nrog rau lub lim hauv internet ntawm 0.05 rau 100 Hz. Cov qhov muag tau pom zoo los ntawm kev teev cov kab teeb ntsug thiab kab laug sab (EOG) siv cov electrodes hauv qab no, thiab nyob rau sab nraud, ntawm qhov muag. Qhov tsis kam ntawm txhua qhov chaw electrode yog hauv qab 5 kΩ.

ERP tsom xam

Kev ua offline ntawm ERP cov ntaub ntawv tau ua tau siv cov Curry software (tawm 7; Compumedics, Charlotte, NC, USA). Cov qhov muag pom tau qhov muag tau raug txo kom tsis txhob siv lub qhov cwj pwm ntawm qhov ocium, qhov regresses qhov muag muag ntsais ua si raws li lub teeb liab EOG ntsug⁵⁵. Qhov pib siv rau ntawm EOG teeb liab yog 200 μV. Lub sij hawm sib txawv ntawm 200 ms ua ntej thiab 500 ms tom qab kuaj tau chaw siv rau lub regression. Cov ntaub ntawv txuas mus ntxiv ntawm EEG tau rov qab hais dua rau ib qho kev siv nruab nrab, bandpass lim ntawm 0.1 Hz thiab 30 Hz, txij thaum 100 ms pre-stimulus thiab 900 ms post-stimulus, thiab pib kho siv cov kev ua haujlwm nruab nrab ntawm qhov ua haujlwm ua ntej. Cov epochs uas muaj EEG amplitudes uas dhau ntawm ± 75 μV raug muab tso tseg cia. Ib qho tseem ceeb, kev tshawb xyuas ntawm variance (ANOVA) qhia tau hais tias cov naj npawb ntawm cov sij hawm tom qab qhov tsis txaus siab tsis ua hauj lwm tsis txawv ntawm peb pawg (Mus, F_2,76 = 0.508, p = 0.604; NoGo, F_2,76 = 1.355, p = 0.264). Qhov phem (qauv txawv) ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm cov seem hauv qhov Go Go yog 343.8 (67.9) hauv HCs, 327.9 (82.0) hauv pawg IGD, thiab 347.3 (71.4) hauv OCD pawg. Tus nqi sib xws nyob rau hauv NoGo mob yog 132.9 (28.6) hauv HCs, 118.9 (34.8) hauv IGD pawg, thiab 121.0 (35.4) hauv pab pawg OCD. Cov epochs tau tom qab qhov ntsuas los cais rau txhua yam mob (Mus vs. NoGo) Kev siv lub zog tshaj tawm tau siv los txiav txim siab rau Go- thiab NoGo-N2 ncov loj thiab ntau qhov chaw, uas tau txhais raws li cov amplitudes qhia qhov feem ntau tsis zoo ntawm 130 ms thiab 280 ms ntawm qhov kev txhawb nqa thaum pib ntawm lub hauv ntej (F1, Fz, F2 ) thiab hauv nruab nrab (C1, Cz, C2) cov chaw electrode. Lub Go- thiab NoGo-P3 ncov loj thiab cov chaw muag tau txiav txim siab raws li cov uas muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo tshaj plaws ntawm 250 ms thiab 450 ms post-stimulus pib ntawm lub hauv paus (C1, Cz, C2) thiab parietal (P1, Pz, P2) electrode cov tsev kawm ntawv. Raws thiab ncov lub sijhawm nrhiav lub qhov rais tau suav nrog qhov kev tshuaj xyuas raws li cov lus ceeb toom dhau los ntawm cov chaw ntawm qhov muaj koob npe N2 thiab P3 ntau (raws li cov chaw nyob thiab lub sijhawm kwv yees)^29,56.

Kev Tshawb Fawb Tsom

Cov kev qhia txog pejxeem thiab soj ntsuam ntawm cov kev kawm raug muab coj los piv nrog cov pawg uas siv ib-seem ANOVA, tus qauv t-xeem tus kheej, los yog Welch qhov kev xeem yog tias qhov txawv txawv tsis sib npaug. Ib qho² kev tshuaj xyuas los yog Fisher qhov kev ntsuam xyuas pes tsawg yog siv rau kev ntsuam xyuas cov categorical data. ANOVAs tau ua rau kuaj rau ib pab pawg neeg sib txawv hauv lub sijhawm tshuaj tiv thaiv (RT) hauv Kev sib tw, thiab qhov yuam kev (ER) hauv NoGo cov kev sim siab. Inhibitory teebmeem ntawm ERP amplitudes thiab latencies tau sojntsuam siv los ntsuas ANOVA nrog cov chaw electrode (F1, Fz, F2, C1, Cz, C2 rau N2 / C1, Cz, C2, P1, Pz, P2 rau P3) thiab stimuli (Mus / NoGo) raws li hauv kev kawm thiab cov pab pawg (IGD / OCD / HC) ua qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv. Kev sib piv ntawm ERP amplitude thiab latency raug tau siv rov los ntsuas ANOVA nrog qhov chaw electrode (rau 6 lub qhov chaw nres tsheb hauv nruab nrab ntawm Fabkis rau N2, rau 6 centro-parietal electrodes rau P3) raws li cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv thiab cov pab pawg (IGD / OCD / HC) qhov sib thooj ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv. A ncej hoc Bonferroni xeem tau siv los ntsuas rau kev sib txawv ntawm cov khub. Pearson txoj kev sib txheeb tau siv los ntsuas qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm ERP qhov ntau thiab cov latencies qhia qhov sib txawv ntawm pab pawg, nrog rau cov qhab nia IAT, cov qhab nia BIS-11 hauv IGD pab pawg, thiab Y-BOCS cov qhab nia hauv pawg OCD. Txog qhov sib txheeb ze rau kev ntsuas, kev kho rau ntau yam kev xeem tsis raug siv, vim hais tias qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam tau pom tias yog kev tshawb nrhiav hauv qhov. SPSS software (ver. 22.0; IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) tau siv rau kev txheeb cais suav. P qhov tseem ceeb <0.05 raug txiav txim siab los taw qhia qhov tseem ceeb.

Lus Qhia ntxiv

Yuav ua li cas hais qhov no: Kim, M. thiab al. Neurophysiological correlates ntawm cov lus teb hloov inhibition hauv internet gaming teeb meem thiab obsessive-compulsive tsis meej: Perspectives ntawm impulsivity thiab compulsivity. Sci. Rep. 7, 41742; doi: 10.1038 / srep41742 (2017).

Tus sau ntawv lub ceeb toom: Springer xwm tseem tsis tuaj yeem hais txog kev txiav txim siab txog kev ua haujlwm hauv cov ntawv luam tawm thiab cov koom haum koom nrog.

References

1. 1.

Zohar, J., Greenberg, B. & Denys, D. Obsessive-compulsive teeb meem. Handb Clinical Neurol. 106, 375-390 (2012).

• ·
  • CAS

· 2.

Chamberlain, SR & Sahakian, BJ Lub neuropsychiatry ntawm impulsivity. Lub txiaj ntsig hauv kev puas siab puas ntsws. 20, 255-261 (2007).

• ·
  • tsab xov xwm

· 3.

Moeller, FG, Barratt, ES, Dougherty, DM, Schmitz, JM & Swann, AC Qhov kev xav ntawm kev puas hlwb. Kuv J Psychiatry. 158, 1783-1793 (2001).

• ·
  • ISI
  • CAS
  • PubMed
  • tsab xov xwm

· 4.

Chamberlain, SR, Fineberg, NA, Blackwell, AD, Robbins, TW & Sahakian, BJ Lub cev muaj zog tsis muaj zog thiab kev txawj ntse nyob rau hauv obsessive-compulsive teeb meem thiab trichotillomania. Kuv J Psychiatry. 163, 1282-1284 (2006).

• ·
  • ISI
  • PubMed
  • tsab xov xwm

· 5.

Fineberg, NA et al. Cov kev tsim tawm tshiab hauv tib neeg lub hlwb: kev soj ntsuam, kev tshuaj ntsuam, lub caj dab, thiab lub hlwb kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev ua tsis taus thiab sib txeeb. CNS spect. 19, 69-89 (2014).

• ·
  • tsab xov xwm

· 6.

Berlin, GS & Hollander, E. Compulsiveness, impulsivity, thiab DSM-5 txheej txheem. CNS spectr. 19, 62-68 (2014).

• ·
  • tsab xov xwm

· 7.

Grant, JE & Kim, SW Hlwb circuitry ntawm compulsivity thiab impulsivity. CNS spectr. 19, 21-27 (2014).

• ·
  • tsab xov xwm

· 8.

Holden, C. Cov cwj pwm coj cwj pwm: lawv puas nyob? Science. 294, 980-982 (2001).

• ·
  • ISI
  • CAS
  • PubMed
  • tsab xov xwm

· 9.

Potenza, MN Yuav tsum muaj kev phom sij li muaj kev mob tsis zoo? Txhaj. 101 Khoom 1, 142-151 (2006).

• ·
  • PubMed
  • tsab xov xwm

· 10.

Kuss, DJ, Griffiths, MD, Karila, L. & Billieux, J. Kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet: ib qho kev ntsuam xyuas kev tsim kho kev mob nkeeg rau xyoo kaum xyoo dhau los. Curr Pharm Des. 20, 4026-4052 (2014).

• ·
  • CAS
  • tsab xov xwm

· 11.

Bernardi, S. & Pallanti, S. Kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet: ib qho kev tshawb fawb txog kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas cov teeb meem ntawm cov comorbidities thiab dissociative cov tsos mob. Compr Psychiatry. 50, 510-516 (2009).

• ·
  • PubMed
  • tsab xov xwm

· 12.

Christakis, DA Kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet: ib xyoo pua 21st epidemic? BMC med. 8, 61 (2010).

• ·
  • PubMed
  • tsab xov xwm

· 13.

Cheng, C. & Li, AY Internet yees prevalence thiab zoo ntawm (tiag tiag) lub neej: ib tug meta-tsom xam 31 haiv neeg thoob plaws hauv xya lub ntiaj teb no cheeb tsam. Cyberpsychol behaviour Soc Network. 17, 755-760 (2014).

• ·
  • tsab xov xwm

· 14.

Petry, NM & O'Brien, CP Internet gaming tsis meej thiab DSM-5. Txhaj. 108, 1186-1187 (2013).

• ·
  • ISI
  • PubMed
  • tsab xov xwm

· 15.

Ding, WN et al. Kev tsim kev kub ntxhov thiab kev puas tsuaj ua tsis zoo rau cov tub ntxhais hluas uas muaj kev ua si hauv Internet uas muaj kev sib raug zoo qhia los ntawm Kev Tshawb FMRI / Go / No-Go. Behav hlwb Funct. 10, 20 (2014).

• ·
  • tsab xov xwm

· 16.

Choi, JS et al. Dysfunctional tswj kev tiv thaiv thiab kev lam ua rau hauv Internet kev tiv thaiv. Psychiatry Res. 215, 424-428 (2014).

• ·
  • PubMed
  • tsab xov xwm

· 17.

Dong, G., Zhou, H. & Zhao, X. Ua tsis zoo hauv kev tiv thaiv rau cov neeg uas muaj kev tiv thaiv khib nyiab hauv Internet: cov pov thawj ntawm electrophysiological los ntawm kev kawm Go / NoGo. Neuroscience Lett. 485, 138-142 (2010).

• ·
  • CAS
  • tsab xov xwm

· 18.

Kim, MS, Kim, YY, Yoo, SY & Kwon, JS Electrophysiological correlates ntawm kev coj cwj pwm tsis txaus ntseeg rau cov neeg mob uas muaj obsessive-compulsive tsis meej. Kev ntxhov siab ntxhov siab. 24, 22-31 (2007).

• ·
  • tsab xov xwm

· 19.

de Wit, SJ et al. Cov thev naus laus zis ua rau lub cev muaj zog thaum lub sij hawm muaj kev xav tsis zoo: ib tug neeg sib tw endophenotype ntawm obsessive-compulsive tsis meej. Kuv J Psychiatry 169, 1100-1108 (2012).

• ·
  • ISI
  • PubMed
  • tsab xov xwm

· 20.

Bari, A. & Robbins, TW Inhibition thiab impulsivity: kev coj cwj pwm thiab neural hauv paus kev tiv thaiv. Prog Neurobiol. 108, 44-79 (2013).

• ·
  • ISI
  • PubMed
  • tsab xov xwm

· 21.

Blasi, G. et al. Lub hlwb cov cheeb tsam uas pib teb inhibition thiab cuam tshuam xyuas thiab kev tua. Eur J Neurosci. 23, 1658-1664 (2006).

• ·
  • PubMed
  • tsab xov xwm

· 22.

Bokura, H., Yamaguchi, S. & Kobayashi, S. Electrophysiological correlates rau kev tsis txaus siab nyob rau hauv txoj haujlwm Go / NoGo. Clin Neurophysiol. 112, 2224-2232 (2001).

• ·
  • ISI
  • CAS
  • PubMed
  • tsab xov xwm

· 23.

Thomas, SJ, Gonsalvez, CJ & Johnstone, SJ Yuav ua li cas tej yam uas tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev ua kom obsessive-compulsive tsis meej? Ib qho kev sib piv neurophysiological nrog kev ceeb ntshai. Clin Neurophysiol. 125, 463-475, doi: 10.1016 / j.clinph.2013.08.018 (2014).

• ·
  • tsab xov xwm

· 24.

Jodo, E. & Kayama, Y. Txoj kev sib raug zoo ntawm ERP tivthaiv kom tsis muaj teeb meem hauv kev ua haujlwm / Go-No-go. Electroencephalog Clin Neurophysiol. 82, 477-482 (1992).

• ·
  • CAS
  • PubMed
  • tsab xov xwm

· 25.

Kaiser, S. et al. N2 kev tshwm sim muaj feem xyuam nrog kev cuam tshuam txog kev tsis txaus siab nyob rau hauv ib qho kev sib tham ntawm Go / Nogo ua hauj lwm. Int J Psychophysiol. 61, 279-282 (2006).

• ·
  • tsab xov xwm

· 26.

Donkers, FC & van Boxtel, GJ N2 hauv kev ua haujlwm / tsis-mus ua haujlwm qhia txog kev tsis sib haum xeeb xyuas tsis teb inhibition. Lub hlwb Cogn. 56, 165-176 (2004).

• ·
  • ISI
  • PubMed
  • tsab xov xwm

· 27.

Smith, JL, Johnstone, SJ & Barry, RJ Txav-kev muaj peev xwm nyob rau hauv Go / NoGo haujlwm: lub P3 qhia ob leeg lub peev xwm thiab lub zog inhibition. Clin Neurophysiol. 119, 704-714 (2008).

• ·
  • ISI
  • PubMed
  • tsab xov xwm

· 28.

Weisbrod, M., Kiefer, M., Marzinzik, F. & Spitzer, M. Kev tswjfwm kev tswjhwm yog cuam tshuam hauv schizophrenia: pov thawj los ntawm kev tshwm sim ntawm kev muaj peev xwm nyob rau hauv txoj haujlwm Go / NoGo. Biol Psychiatry. 47, 51-60 (2000).

• ·
  • ISI
  • CAS
  • PubMed
  • tsab xov xwm

· 29.

Gajewski, PD & Falkenstein, M. Teebmeem ntawm txoj haujlwm nyuaj hauv ERP yam hauv Go / Nogo paub tab. Int J Psychophysiol. 87, 273-278 (2013).

• ·
  • tsab xov xwm

· 30.

Zhou, ZH, Yuan, GZ, Yao, JJ, Li, C. & Cheng, ZH Kev muaj feem cuam tshuam txog kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv tsis pub muaj kev tiv thaiv rau cov tib neeg uas siv kev siv Internet. Acta neuropsychiatr. 22, 228-236 (2010).

• ·
  • tsab xov xwm

· 31.

Littel, M. et al. Kev ua yuam kev ua thiab kev tsis txaus siab hauv cov kev ua si hauv computer ntau: ib qho kev tshwm sim muaj peev xwm kawm. Addict Biol. 17, 934-947 (2012).

• ·
  • ISI
  • PubMed
  • tsab xov xwm

· 32.

Chen, J., Liang, Y., Maiv, C., Zhong, X. & Qu, C. General Deficit nyob rau hauv Inhibitory tswj ntawm ntau cov neeg siv Smartphone: Pov thawj los ntawm ib qho kev tshwm sim-Muaj feem xyuam txoj kev tshawb nrhiav. Psychol pem hauv ntej. 7, 511 (2016).

33.

Benikos, N., Johnstone, SJ & Roodenrys, SJ Varying ua hauj lwm nyuaj nyob rau hauv Go / Nogo ua hauj lwm: qhov teebmeem ntawm kev tswj kev tswj, kev txhawj xeeb, thiab pom kev siv zog ntawm ERP cheebtsam. Int J Psychophysiol. 87, 262-272 (2013).

• ·
  • tsab xov xwm

· 34.

Herrmann, MJ, Yakhauj, C., Unterecker, S. & Fallgatter, AJ Txo lus teb-inhibition hauv obsessive-compulsive tsis meej ntsuas nrog topographic evoked potential kuas. Psychiatry Res. 120, 265-271 (2003).

• ·
  • PubMed
  • tsab xov xwm

· 35.

Johannes, S. et al. Hloov kev tiv thaiv kev tsav tsheb hauv Tourette Syndrome thiab Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Acta neurol Scand. 104, 36-43 (2001).

• ·
  • ISI
  • CAS
  • PubMed
  • tsab xov xwm

· 36.

Lei, H. et al. Puas yog qhov tsis hnov ​​lus teb tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm cov tsos mob ntawm cov teeb meem hauv obsessive-compulsive tsis meej? Pov thawj los ntawm ERPs. Sci Rep. 5, 10413, ua: 10.1038 / srep10413 (2015).

• ·
  • tsab xov xwm

· 37.

Dalbudak, E. et al. Kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet nrog impulsivity thiab mob siab ntawm psychopathology ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm Turkish. Psychiatry Res. 210, 1086-1091 (2013).

• ·
  • tsab xov xwm

· 38.

Cao, F., Su, L., Liu, T. & Gao, X. Cov kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev tsis tuaj yeem thiab kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet hauv ib qho qauv ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas Suav. Eur Psychiatry. 22, 466-471 (2007).

• ·
  • PubMed
  • tsab xov xwm

· 39.

Fisher, T., Aharon-Peretz, J. & Pratt, H. Kev tiv thaiv tawm ntawm kev txwv tsis pub muaj kev ntxhov siab nyob rau hauv tus laus Cov Lus Caw Tseg Siab Tsis Taus (ADHD): kev kawm ERP. Clin Neurophysiol. 122, 2390-2399 (2011).

• ·
  • tsab xov xwm

· 40.

Ruchsow, M. et al. Cov lus teb inhibition nyob rau hauv borderline tus neeg tsis meej: kev tshwm sim muaj peev xwm nyob rau hauv ib txoj hauj lwm Go / Nogo. J Neural Transm. 115, 127-133 (2008).

• ·
  • CAS
  • tsab xov xwm

· 41.

Munro, GE et al. Kev teb inhibition nyob rau hauv psychopathy: lub frontal N2 thiab P3. Neuroscience Lett. 418, 149-153, doi: 10.1016 / j.neulet.2007.03.017 (2007).

• ·
  • CAS
  • tsab xov xwm

· 42.

Pinto, A., Steinglass, JE, Greene, AL, Weber, EU & Simpson, HB Kev muaj peev xwm ncua sij hawm sib txawv nyias txawv nyias cov teeb meem ntawm obsessive-compulsive thiab obsessive-compulsive tus neeg tsis meej. Biol Psychiatry. 75, 653-659 (2014).

• ·
  • tsab xov xwm

· 43.

Chamberlain, SR, Leppink, EW, Redden, SA & Grant, JE Cov tsos mob ntawm obsessive-compulsive impulsive, compulsive los yog ob leeg? Compr Psychiatry. 68, 111-118 (2016).

• ·
  • tsab xov xwm

· 44.

Bekker, EM, Kenemans, JL & Verbaten, MN Los qhov ntsuam xyuas ntawm N2 nyob rau hauv lub cued Go / NoGo haujlwm. Hlwb Raug Ntsws Lub Hlwb 22, 221-231 (2005).

• ·
  • PubMed
  • tsab xov xwm

· 45.

Milad, MR & Rauch, SL Obsessive-compulsive teeb meem: dhau txoj kev cov kab mob cortico-striatal segregated. Tiam sis Cogn Sci. 16, 43-51 (2012).

• ·
  • ISI
  • PubMed
  • tsab xov xwm

· 46.

Tian, ​​L. et al. Kev hloov tsis tau zoo ntawm lub hlwb khaus uas cuam tshuam nrog cov tsos mob hnyav hauv cov neeg mob kho mob uas muaj kev puas siab ntsws ntawm obsessive-compulsive:. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 66, 104-111 (2016).

• ·
  • tsab xov xwm

· 47.

Melloni, M. et al. Lub sij hawm ntev ntawm kev ua kom tsis muaj zog ntawm obsessive compulsive disorder: convergence los ntawm kev tshwm sim muaj feem xyuam, kev hnov ​​mob paj hlwb thiab neuroimaging. Pem hauv ntej Hum Neurosci. 6, 259, ua: 10.3389 / fnhum.2012.00259 (2012).

• ·
  • tsab xov xwm

· 48.

Dalley, JW, Everitt, BJ & Robbins, TW Kev tsis tuaj yeem, kev sib txeeb, thiab kev tswj fwm sab saum toj. Neuron. 69, 680-694 (2011).

• ·
  • ISI
  • CAS
  • PubMed
  • tsab xov xwm

· 49.

Ruchsow, M. et al. Kev tswj kev ua haujlwm nyob hauv obsessive-compulsive teeb meem: kev tshwm sim-muaj peev xwm nyob rau hauv txoj haujlwm Go / Nogo. J Neural Transm. 114, 1595-1601 (2007).

• ·
  • CAS
  • PubMed
  • tsab xov xwm

· 50.

Goodman, WK et al. Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Nplai. I. Kev txhim kho, siv, thiab kev cia siab. Arch Psychiatry. 46, 1006-1011 (1989).

• ·
  • ISI
  • CAS
  • PubMed
  • tsab xov xwm

· 51.

Hluas, KS Psychology ntawm lub computer siv: XL. Hom kev siv hauv Internet: ib rooj plaub uas ua txhaum cov stereotype. Psychol Rep. 79, 899-902 (1996).

• ·
  • CAS
  • PubMed
  • tsab xov xwm

· 52.

Fossati, A., Di Ceglie, A., Acquarini, E. & Barratt, ES Psychometric cov khoom ntawm ib qho Italian version ntawm Barratt Impulsiveness Nplai-11 (BIS-11) nyob rau hauv cov kev kawm tsis raws li. J Clin Psychol. 57, 815-828 (2001).

• ·
  • CAS
  • tsab xov xwm

· 53.

Steer, RA, Clark, DA, Beck, AT & Ranieri, WF Feem ntau thiab ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm kev txhawj xeeb ntawm tus kheej thiab kev nyuaj siab: BDI-II piv rau BDI-IA. Behav Res Ther. 37, 183-190 (1999).

• ·
  • CAS
  • tsab xov xwm

· 54.

Steer, RA, Rissmiller, DJ, Ranieri, WF & Beck, AT Cov qauv ntawm lub computer-pab tau Beck ntxhov siab Cov Lus Tshaj Tawm nrog kev puas siab puas ntsws. J Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Neeg. 60, 532-542 (1993).

• ·
  • CAS
  • PubMed
  • tsab xov xwm

· 55.

Semlitsch, HV, Anderer, P., Schuster, P. & Presslich, O. Kev daws rau kev txhim khu kev ntseeg thiab kev siv txo ntawm cov duab artifacts, siv rau P300 ERP. Psychophysiology. 23, 695-703 (1986).

• ·
  • CAS
  • PubMed
  • tsab xov xwm

· 56.

Ntau, M. et al. Kev tshawb xyuas qhov kev tshawb xyuas ERP thiab fMRI cov kev tshawb nrhiav txog kev tswj kev tiv thaiv thiab kev ua yuam kev hauv cov neeg uas muaj kev quav tshuaj yeeb thiab kev coj cwj pwm. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 39, 149-169 (2014).

56.   

o    

• PubMed
• tsab xov xwm

Download tau chiv keeb

Acknowledgements

Cov haujlwm no tau txais kev pabcuam los ntawm Lub Chaw Tshawb Nrhiav Lub Tebchaws ntawm Kauslim Teb (Grant No. 2014M3C7A1062894).

Sau cov lus qhia

Kev sib koom tes

1.    Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Tebchaws Kauslim Teb

o Minah Kim

o, Jung-Seok Choi

o, Sung Nywj Kim

o & Jun Soo Kwon

2.    Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Kev Hlwb thiab Kev Kawm Txuj Ci, Seoul National University College of Natural Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea

o Tak Hyung Lee

o, Yoo Bin Kwak

o, Wu Jeong Hwang

o, Taekwan Kim

o & Jun Soo Kwon

3.    Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Qhov Chaw Kho Mob, Seoul, Tebchaws Kauslim Teb

o Jung-Seok Choi

o, Ji Yoon Lee

o, Jae-A Lim

o, Minkyung Chaw Ua Si

o & Yeon Jin Kim

4.    Kev kawm tshwj xeeb hauv Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Natural Science, Seoul, Tebchaws Kauslim Teb

o Ji Yoon Lee

o & Jun Soo Kwon

5.    Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary lub Tsev Kho Mob, Cov Catholic University of Kauslim Teb College ntawm Medicine, Seoul, Koom pheej Kauslim Teb

o Dai Jin Kim

Kev sib pab

MK, JYL, JL thiab YJK yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev nrhiav haujlwm ntawm cov neeg mob thiab cov neeg saib xyuas kev noj qab nyob zoo, cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg ntawm pej xeem thiab cov ntaub ntawv soj ntsuam. MK, THL, JC, MP, SNK, DJK thiab JSK contributed rau txoj kev tshawb nrhiav thiab txheej txheem. THL, YBK, WJH, TK thiab MP tau sau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov kev tawm tsam (ERPs). MK tau tshawb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv thiab tau sau cov ntawv sau. JC, SNK, DJK thiab JSK txhawb cov lus txhais ntawm kev tshawb pom. JC, SNK, DJK thiab JSK tswj thiab saib xyuas tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm txoj kev tshawb no. Tag nrho cov neeg sau ntawv tau tshawb cov ntsiab lus thiab pom zoo qhov kawg version ntawm phau ntawv sau.

Kev nyiam kev sib tw

Cov sau phau ntawv tshaj tawm tsis muaj kev sib tw nyiaj txiag.

Tus neeg sau ntawv

Xov xwm mus rau Jung-Seok Choi.

Comments

Yog xa tawm lus koj pom zoo ua raws li peb Cov ntsiab lus uas thiab Cov Txheej Txheem Zej Zog. Yog tias koj pom muaj quab yuam los yog tsis ua raws li peb cov ntsiab lus lossis cov txheej txheem thov khij nws li tsis tsim nyog.