J Behav Addict. 2018 Aug 16: 1-5. doi: 10.1556 / 2006.7.2018.64. [
Petry NM1, Zajac K1, Ginley M1, Lemmens J2, Rumpf HJ3, Ko CH4, Rehbein F5.
Abstract
Kev twv txiaj hauv Is Taws Nem is taws nchav mus thoob ntiaj teb. Qee cov kev siv zog tau qhia ncaj qha rau kev tiv thaiv cov teeb meem kev twv txiaj los ntawm kev tsim los sis kev ua tas mus li, tab sis ob peb txoj hauv kev tau raug ntsuas qhov tseeb. Tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv kom muaj kev tiv thaiv tau zoo. Tshawb xyuas qhov chaw dav dav ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv yuav tsum pab tshawb nrhiav thiab cov kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws mus rau hauv kev tshem tawm cov teeb meem uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev twv txiaj ntau dhau.
COV LUS TSEEM CEEB: Siv Internet twv txiaj; kev tiv thaiv; pej xeem txoj cai
PMID: 30111170
DOI: 10.1556/2006.7.2018.64Sab saum toj ntawm daim ntawv
Kev twv txiaj hauv Is Taws Nem is taws nchav mus thoob ntiaj teb. Qee cov kev siv zog tau qhia ncaj qha rau kev tiv thaiv cov teeb meem kev twv txiaj los ntawm kev tsim los sis kev ua tas mus li, tab sis ob peb txoj hauv kev tau raug ntsuas qhov tseeb. Tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv kom muaj kev tiv thaiv tau zoo. Tshawb xyuas qhov chaw dav dav ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv yuav tsum pab tshawb nrhiav thiab cov kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws mus rau hauv kev tshem tawm cov teeb meem uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev twv txiaj ntau dhau.
keywords: Kev ua si hauv Internet gaming, kev tiv thaiv, pej xeem txoj cai
Nrog rau kev suav nrog Is Taws Nem Kev twv txiaj (IGD); Petry & O'Brien, 2013) nyob rau hauv lub thib tsib tsab ntawm Diagnostic thiab Statistical Manual ntawm Mental Disorders (American Psychiatric Association, 2013), nrog rau cov lus thov zoo sib xws rau kev qhia txog kev paub txog kev twv txiaj hauv kev sib cais ntawm Cov Neeg Uas Tsis Pub Neeg Thoob Ntiaj Teb - version 11, kev txaus siab rau cov teeb meem kev twv txiaj tau nce los ntawm kev tshawb pom txog kev tshawb fawb, chaw kuaj mob, thiab pej xeem kev noj qab haus huv. Kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev nkag siab mob ntawm IGD, txawm li cas los xij, tseem nyob hauv nws puag thaum ntxov (Petry, Rehbein, Ko, & O'Brien, 2015)). Ntau qhov kev xam pom muaj nyob rau xwm thiab cov xwm txheej ntawm tus mob thiab nws lub hnub qub ntawm cov tsos mob. Txawm li cas los xij, tawm kev soj ntsuam, kev mob sib kis, thiab cov ntaub ntawv kev noj qab haus huv qhia pom tias kev twv txiaj ntau dhau yuav muaj teeb meem hauv cov haiv neeg tsawg ntawm cov neeg twv nyiaj (piv txwv li, Wittek li al., 2016), nrog ntau dua ntawm cov hluas hnub nyoog (Rehbein, Kliem, Baier, Mößle, & Petry, 2015).
Király li al. (2018) qhia cov kev siv dag zog uas tau siv thoob ntiaj teb nrog qhov txo ntawm cov kev phem uas cuam tshuam nrog kev ua si. Lawv cov ntawv sau ua ke nrog cov ntawv sau tsawg hauv thaj chaw no thiab yuav tsum coj kev paub rau kev tiv thaiv ua haujlwm.
Kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov ntawv sau dav dav ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev tshawb fawb hauv cov tshuaj, kev mob hlwb, thiab ntxiv cov cuam tshuam muaj feem xyuam rau IGD. Kev soj ntsuam dav dav txog teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv hauv zej zog tuaj yeem pab txhawb kev siv zog rau thaj chaw tshiab thiab sai dua tuaj yeem nkag siab txog cov hauv kev los txo cov teeb meem nrog kev ua si. Cov teb ntawm cawv, luam yeeb, siv tshuaj yeeb, thiab twv txiaj yog feem ntau cuam tshuam ncaj qha. Ntau tus cwj pwm no yog kev cai lij choj, zoo ib yam li kev twv txiaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, rau feem ntau yog tias tsis yog txhua tus cwj pwm no, qee zaus siv lossis kev sib koom tes tsis tau txhais tias yuav tsim kev puas tsuaj, tib yam li qee zaus kev ua si sib tw pom meej tsis muaj teeb meem. Kev siv yeeb tshuaj thiab kev twv txiaj tshwm sim rau cov hluas thiab cov hluas (Welte, Barnes, Tidwell, & Hoffman, 2011), ib yam yog kev twv txiaj (Rehbein li al., 2015; Wittek li al., 2016).
Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov teb tsis zoo tau tawm tsam tsim kom muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo (Ennett, Tobler, Ringwalt, & Flewelling, 1994) thiab, tsuas yog tom qab kev tshawb nrhiav ntau caum xyoo lawm, tau nrhiav pom cov tswv yim hais txog kev siv tshuaj tsawg (Toumbourou li al., 2007)). Yog li, nws tsis yog qhov ceeb tias cov phiaj xwm kev tiv thaiv zoo tsis muaj rau IGD, ib qho kev tsim muaj tsawg los yog nkag siab txog cov mob. Txheeb xyuas cov kev tiv thaiv kev siv yeeb tshuaj thiab kev twv txiaj, nrog rau kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv dav dav, tuaj yeem qhia cov kev siv zog yav tom ntej rau kev tiv thaiv kev twv txiaj. Thaum lwm tus neeg them se kuj tseem siv (piv txwv li, dav thoob ntiaj teb, xaiv, thiab qhia kev tiv thaiv), qhov kev soj ntsuam no siv cov ntsiab lus keeb kwm ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv, theem nrab, thiab qib siab. Tsis hais cov lus siv, cov txheej txheem cej luam no tuaj yeem pab hauv kev soj ntsuam seb lwm qhov kev paub yuav cuam tshuam li cas rau IGD qhov chaw.
Thawj qhov kev tiv thaiv lub hom phiaj tiv thaiv teeb meem lossis kab mob ua ntej lawv tshwm sim. Feem ntau, kev tiv thaiv thawj zaug cuam tshuam nrog txo lossis tshem tawm cov teeb meem tshwm sim rau qhov xwm txheej tsis zoo lossis kev coj ua. Piv txwv li suav nrog kev cai - thiab kev cai lij choj - kom txwv lossis tswj kev siv cov khoom muaj kev phom sij (piv txwv li, cov pa roj av thiab cov xim txhuas) lossis ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab kev noj qab haus huv tus cwj pwm (piv txwv, siv txoj siv sia ntawm kaus mom thiab kaus mom), thiab kev kawm txog kev noj qab haus huv thiab nyab xeeb cwj pwm (xws li, noj kom zoo, tawm dag zog kom nquag, thiab tsis haus luam yeeb). Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog lwm cov piv txwv ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv thawj zaug txhawm rau txhawm rau mob qhua pias, mob pob txuv, thiab lwm yam kev kis mob. Cov tsoomfwv tswjfwm tau tsim qee txoj haujlwm tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig kom dav, thiab lub tswv yim thoob ntiaj teb, kev siv, tab sis feem ntau cov cai no tsuas yog tshwm sim tom qab cov ntaub ntawv tsim kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov ua ntej (piv txwv li, kab mob lom ib puag ncig, kab mob, thiab raug xwm txheej) thiab cov txiaj ntsig tsis zoo (piv txwv li, kab mob lub xeev thiab ntxim nyiam) ntawm lub hlwb puas).
Kev tiv thaiv kev ua ntej uas tsoomfwv yuav tsum tau ua thiab raug siv yog (lossis tsawg kawg ib leeg tuaj yeem sib cav yuav tsum) efficacious. Yuav tsum siv txoj siv sia ntawm lub rooj zaum hauv tsheb tau kom meej meej txo qis kev sib tsoo thiab kev ua kom tuag.Williams & Lund, 1986), thiab cov kev cai lij choj tau tsa cov hnub nyoog raug cai ntawm kev haus cawv los ntawm 18 txog 21 xyoo hauv Asmeskas (qhov twg cov tub ntxhais hluas uas muaj hnub nyoog li 14 – 16 xyoo tsav) ua rau txo qis hauv cawv cov tsheb sib tsoo (Du Mouchel, Williams, & Zador, 1987)). Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav luag tag nrho qee qhov kev mob tshwm sim thaum menyuam yaus.
Yog tias muaj kev quav lossis mob hlwb, tsis muaj kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Rau kev mob siab kawm thiab kev siv tshuaj tawm tsam (piv txwv li, "Nov yog koj lub hlwb ntawm cov tshuaj"), tsis tshua paub txog qhov ua tau zoo. Kev tshaj tawm qhia paub txog Yeeb Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob hauv Asmeskas yog qhov tseeb tsis siv hauv kev txo siv tshuaj (Ennett li al., 1994)). Txawm li cas los xij, cov hom kev kawm thiab cov phiaj xwm tshaj tawm tsis ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj, thiab kev kawm paub thiab tawm tsam kev tshaj tawm kev lag luam tshwm sim txawm tias tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lawv cov nqi hluav taws xob. Tsoomfwv thiab cov chaw haujlwm tshaj lij, xws li Ministry of Health thiab Welfare hauv Taiwan thiab American Academy of Pediatrics hauv Asmeskas, piv txwv, muab cov lus qhia thiab cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog kev siv hluav taws xob thiab kev twvtxiaj.
Kev tshaj tawm thiab kev kawm txuj ci kev tiv thaiv lub hom phiaj tau ua ntau pab pawg ntawm cov tib neeg. Li no, nws tsis yooj yim los tsim lawv qhov peev xwm los txo cov kev puas tsuaj rau tus nqi qis. Piv txwv li, txo qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev twv txiaj kev tsis txaus siab, ib qho xwm txheej tshwm sim hauv 0.4% nkaus xwb ntawm cov tib neeg (Petry, Stinson, & Grant, 2005), yuav tsum kawm ntawm ntau txhiab tus tib neeg. Ntau caum xyoo, kev twv txiaj teb tau sim los txheeb xyuas qhov kev tiv thaiv kev tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo, tab sis kev sib cav pheej cuam tshuam txog lawv cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev ua tau zoo, thiab tsis muaj ib yam yuav tau siv (Ginley, Whelan, Pfund, Peter, & Meyers, 2017).
Muab cov ntsiab lus no, nws tsis yog qhov ceeb uas ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo rau IGD, qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb tshiab uas muaj tus lej feem ntau ntawm 1% (Tsiaj, Zajac, & Ginley, 2018), nyob twj ywm tau. Cov kev kawm thiab paub txog kev ua haujlwm, xws li cov ntaus nqi ntsuas kev ua si thiab niam txiv kev tswj hwm, tuaj yeem pom tau tias yog kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv. Cov tsoomfwv tsis tshaj tawm txoj cai ceeb toom lossis kev ntaus nqi ntawm feem ntau hauv (yog tsis yog txhua lub tebchaws), thiab ib tus tuaj yeem sib cav tias lawv yuav tsum tsis vim cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lawv qhov kev ua tau zoo thiab muaj txiaj ntsig tau tsis txaus. Ib qho ntxiv, kev siv zog li no tuaj yeem ua rau tsis zoo raws li tus neeg, tshwj xeeb yog cov menyuam yaus, tej zaum yuav raug rub mus ua si sau npe rau cov laus lossis cov neeg laus mloog xwb. Cov cuab yeej siv ntawm niam txiv kev tswj hwm kom txo tau cov teeb meem kev twv txiaj yuav raug teeb meem, vim nws yog feem ntau muaj rau cov niam txiv siv cov tshuab no. Hmoov tsis zoo, cov niam txiv uas feem ntau xav tiv thaiv cov teeb meem kev twv txiaj hauv lawv cov menyuam yuav yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws uas lawv yuav tau paub txog lawv tus kheej thiab siv cov kab ke no (Carlson li al., 2010; Saib, ces Lwm haiv neeg, hauv qhov xovxwm).
Kev txiav txim siab cov ntawv tiv thaiv kev tshaj lij dav dav tuaj yeem muab kev pom rau cov kauj ruam tom ntej hauv kev tshawb nrhiav kev tiv thaiv thawj rau kev ua si. Kev soj ntsuam ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv thawj zaug ua tau zoo tshaj plaws hauv cov pawg me uas yuav tsim teeb meem. Kev twv txiaj, cov no suav nrog tus txiv neej hluas muaj kev pheej hmoo (Petry et al., 2015; Rehbein li al., 2015) thiab cov uas muaj feem yuav ua rau muaj kev nyuaj siab mob hlwb, xws li saib xyuas qhov tsis txaus siab hyperactivity tsis meej (ADHD), kev nyuaj siab, thiab ntxhov siab (Desai, Krishnan-Sarin, Cavallo, & Potenza, 2010; Lwm Haiv Neeg li al, 2011; Petry et al., 2018; van Rooij et al., 2014)). Kev tiv thaiv ua ntej rau niam txiv ntawm cov menyuam zoo li no tuaj yeem ua pov thawj tias puas muaj lossis txoj hauv kev tshiab txo qhov pib ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau cov menyuam yaus muaj kev pheej hmoo siab. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, kev coj ncaj qha rau txhua tus neeg ua si yuav yuav ua rau tsis tshua muaj zog, vim tsuas muaj ib feem me me uas yuav ntsib nrog cov teeb meem (Müller li al., 2015; Rehbein li al., 2015; van Rooij, Schoenmakers, Vermulst, van den Eijnden, & van de Mheen, 2011; Wittek li al., 2016)). Cuam tshuam kev kawm tsawg lossis tshaj tawm kev tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov neeg twv txiaj uas twb muaj teeb meem tseem ceeb (lossis lawv niam lawv txiv) kuj tseem yuav tsis muaj txiaj ntsig, vim tias cov tib neeg no yuav xav tau kev kho mob ntau ntxiv. Kev siv tshuaj yeeb thiab cov ntawv qhia txog kev mob hlwb tau qhia meej tias yuav tsum tau siv ntau txoj hauv kev los hloov kev coj tus cwj pwm hauv cov neeg uas twb tau tsim teeb meem tseem ceeb los cuam tshuam nrog cov uas muaj teeb meem tsawg (Asmeskas Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv thiab Tib Neeg, 2016).
Thaum kawg, ntau qhov kev sau tseg kev tiv thaiv kab mob thawj zaug yuav pab tau. Kev tshem tawm ntawm lub peev xwm ua si online kev ua si thaum lub sijhawm kawm ntawv lossis pw tsaug zog lossis rau lub sijhawm uas dhau qee lub sijhawm ua pov thawj thaum kawg yuav ua rau txo qis kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov teeb meem kev twv txiaj. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv qhov tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv tawm, cov neeg tawm tsam rau cov hom cai no tuaj yeem, thiab zoo li yuav, sib cav tawm tsam lawv.
Thib ob tiv thaiv txo qis kev cuam tshuam ntawm ib qho mob lossis kev raug mob uas twb tau tshwm sim. Nws suav nrog kev siv zog los kuaj thiab kho cov kab mob lossis raug mob sai li sai tau kom nres lossis qeeb qeeb, cov tswv yim los tiv thaiv teeb meem los ntawm kev rov ua dua tshiab, thiab cov kev pab cuam uas xa cov neeg rov qab mus rau lawv qhov kev cia siab lossis lub xeev raug mob. Piv txwv li kev kuaj mob txhawm rau kuaj pom kab mob thaum ntxov (piv txwv, qog mis qog txhawm rau kuaj mob qog noj mis) thiab kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntxiv lossis raug mob (piv txwv li, cov tshuaj aspirin tsawg rau cov hlab ntsha tawg).
Kom meej meej, kev tiv thaiv kab mob thib ob tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab txawm tias tus nqi tsis txaus, nrog cov pab kas phais thiab kev noj qab haus huv pib them lawv cov nqi. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tsim qauv thiab ntsuas cov kev tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm thib ob yuav tsum nkag siab txog cov kev pheej hmoo thiab cov xwm txheej ntawm tus mob thiab kev pom zoo yuav ua li cas los soj ntsuam tus mob kom zoo thiab raug. Kev tshawb fawb tau txheeb xyuas cov kev pheej hmoo rau cov teeb meem kev twv txiaj (Lwm Haiv Neeg li al, 2011; Lemmens, Valkenburg, & Peter, 2011; Petry et al., 2018; Rehbein & Baier, 2013), tab sis nws cov kev soj ntsuam thiab cov chav kawm nyob twj ywm elusive (Petry et al., 2014, 2018)). Kev siv Is Taws Nem ntau dhau rau hauv ib txoj kev los sis rau ntau txoj haujlwm yog feem ntau tsis meej pem nrog kev ua si dhau los lossis muaj teeb meem ntawm kev twv txiaj, txawm hais tias muaj pov thawj ntawm lawv qhov sib txawv (Király li al., 2014; Montag li al., 2015; Rehbein & Mößle, 2013; Siomos, Dafouli, Braimiotis, Mouzas, & Angelopoulos, 2008; van Rooij, Schoenmakers, van de Eijnden, & van de Mheen, 2010)). Kev ntsuas cov khoom siv ntau yam phom sij ua rau muaj qhov mob siab ntxiv, ua rau pom kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov nyuaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsawg kawg qee cov ntaub ntawv qhia tias teeb meem kev sib twv kom ploj mus ntawm lawv tus kheej hauv cov neeg muaj teeb meem (Lwm Haiv Neeg li al, 2011; Rothmund, Klimmt, & Gollwitzer, 2016; Scharkow, Festl, & Quandt, 2014; Thege, Woodin, Hodgins, & Williams, 2015; van Rooij et al., 2011)). Yog li, kev tsim cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tiv thaiv theem ob yuav nyuaj dua, vim tias ib qho kev cuam tshuam twg yuav tsum ua kom pom kev txhim kho hauv cov tsos mob sai dua thiab / lossis siv sijhawm ntev dua li cov nqi tiv thaiv ntuj.
Cov kev tiv thaiv uas twb muaj lawm suav nrog kev sim siv kev kaw qhov kev ua si kaw thiab kev ua haujlwm qaug zog, uas yuav suav tias yog kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv thawj, yog tias lawv cuam tshuam tag nrho cov neeg twv txiaj, lossis kev tiv thaiv theem ob kwv yees tias lawv qhov cuam tshuam siv ncaj qha rau cov uas twb tau pib tsim qee cov teeb meem ntsig txog kev twv txiaj. Qee qhov kev tshawb fawb tau ntsuas qhov kev siv zog tiag tiag, thiab lawv xav tau ntau yam siv thev naus laus zis thiab qib siab. Txwv muag kev muag yeeb tshuaj, lossis twv txiaj, zoo ib yam yuav tsum muaj kev siv zog thiab kev tshuaj xyuas tas li (piv txwv li, ntawm cov khw muag khoom thiab tom cov twv txiaj yuam pov).
Kev tiv thaiv thib ob ua tau zoo hauv lwm cov ntsiab lus suav nrog kev tshuaj xyuas thiab kev cuam tshuam luv luv, xws li kev twv txiaj, kev haus cawv, thiab kev siv tshuaj yeeb dej cawv (Madras li al., 2009; Cov neeg nyob ze thiab li al, 2015)). Kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov hauv kev tau zoo tshaj plaws hauv cov pab pawg uas muaj kev phom sij ntau, xws li cov hluas lossis cov neeg laus nrog lwm cov sib koom ua ke hauv kev puas siab puas ntsws nrog qee qhov, tab sis tsis tas yuav muaj kev cov nyom, IGD cov tsos mob. Tsawg tsawg ntawm cov kev siv zog tsis tu ncua hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev txo cov teeb meem kev ua si thaum ntxov ua si (Huab tais, Delfabbro, Doh, li al., 2017).
Tertiary kev tiv thaiv mitigates tiv thaiv cov kev tsis zoo ntawm kev muaj mob tsis tu ncua los yog raug mob. Cov kev pab kho kom rov zoo thiab cov pab txhawb yog cov piv txwv ntawm kev tiv thaiv tertiary rau kev mob nkeeg ntev ntev, xws li mob qog nqaij hlav, mob stroke, thiab ntshav qab zib. Cawv Caw Lub npe Anonymous thiab lwm pawg 12-kauj ruam tuaj yeem suav tias yog kev tiv thaiv kev sib tw ua ke, nrog cov pab pawg sib tw rau kev twv txiaj thiab txawm tias kev ua si. Tus neeg tsawg tsawg tus neeg tau txais cov kev pab tiv thaiv thertiary, thiab cov uas, los ntawm cov ntsiab lus, twb tau ntsib teeb meem tseem ceeb lawm.
Tertiary kev tiv thaiv mob sib txawv los ntawm kev kho mob, uas yog hais txog kev cuam tshuam tsim los thim lossis txo qis tej yam mob lossis kab mob, feem ntau hauv cov nquag nrhiav kev pab. Raws li Király li al. (2018) thiab lwm yam kev xyuas (Vaj Ntxwv, Delfabbro, Griffiths, & Gradisar, 2011; Zajac, Ginley, Tseej, & Tsiaj, 2017) cov lus ceeb toom, kev ntsuam xyuas kev kho mob rau IGD nyuam qhuav pib. Tsis muaj chaw muab tshuaj los yog tshuaj kho tus mob hlwb rau IGD muaj cov pov thawj muaj txiaj ntsig (King et al., 2011; Huab tais, Delfabbro, Wu, li al., 2017; Zajac li al., 2017), thiab cov qauv kawm tau zoo tseem ua tsis tau zoo. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, kev kho mob raws li kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv tertiary yuav raug coj los ntawm physiological zoo li cov ntaub ntawv puas hawv hais txog qhov xwm txheej ntawm nws tus mob thiab nws comorbidities thiab cov teeb meem.
Nws thiaj li, qhov kev kho mob ua tau zoo thiab cov phiaj xwm kev qhia ua ntej, theem nrab, thiab qib peb yuav muaj nyob rau IGD. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis zoo li tias kev lag luam kev twv txiaj yuav (lossis yuav tsum) koom nrog hauv kev tsim lossis tawm tsam qhov kev ntsuas no. Txawm hais tias lawv tuaj yeem raug yuam kom them nyiaj rau lawv los ntawm tsoomfwv cov cai lossis kev siv nyiaj se tawm tswv yim, kev sib cais ntawm cov nyiaj thiab kev tshawb fawb zoo li yog ceev faj. Kaum xyoo ntawm cov kev paub dhau los ntawm cov nicotine, haus luam yeeb, thiab kev twv txiaj kev lag luam yuav tsum pom zoo rau kev tso siab rau kev lag luam txhawb rau kev tshawb fawb. Cov kev lag luam uas tau txais txiaj ntsig ncaj qha los ntawm kev siv cov khoom lag luam nrog qhov tsis zoo tshwm sim muaj qhov tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm kev txaus siab hauv kev ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv thiab kev kho kom zoo dua qub. Peb yaum kom cov kws tsim cai, kws kho mob, thiab cov kws tshawb nrhiav (suav nrog cov kws kho mob hlwb, neuroscientists, cov kws tshaj lij txoj cai rau pej xeem, thiab lwm yam) hla dhau ntau yam kev mob (suav nrog kev siv tshuaj yeeb thiab kev coj cwj pwm, ADHD, lwm yam kev tshwm sim thaum tseem yau, thiab kev mob hlwb ntawm lub hlwb dav dav) kom qiv lawv kev tshaj lij los tawm tsam teeb meem kev twv txiaj thiab IGD hauv tiam neeg hluas thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas.
Tus sau phau ntawv pab nyiaj
Thawj daim qauv ntawm daim ntawv no yog npaj los ntawm NMP. Txhua tus kws sau ntawv tau muab cov ntaub ntawv coj los sau rau hauv daim ntawv thiab / lossis muab cov lus pom zoo rau nws thiab tau pom zoo cov lus tshaj tawm thaum kawg no.
Teeb meem ntawm kev txaus siab
Tus sau tsis muaj kev sib cav hais tsis sib haum.
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