Teebmeem hauv Internet Siv Teebmeem thiab Ua Teebmeem Teebmeem Teebmeem Tsis Zoo Tib Yam: Tshawb nrhiav pom los ntawm Tus Neeg Sawv Cev Hauv Tebchaws (2014)

Orsolya Király, MA,^{1 ,,2} Mark D. Griffiths, PhD,³ Róbert Urbán, PhD,¹ Judit Farkas, MA,^{1 ,,4} Gyöngyi Kökönyei, PhD,¹ Zsuzsanna Elekes, DSC,⁵ Domokos Tamás, MA,⁶ thiab Zsolt Demetrovics, PhD¹

Sau cov ntaub ntawv ► Cov Ntawv Qhia Txog Cov Ntawv Tso Cai thiab Ntawv Tso Cai

Qhov no tsab xov xwm tau ua lawm sau los ntawm lwm cov xwm hauv PMC.

Yog ib qho kev sib tham hauv cov ntawv nyeem seb puas muaj teeb meem siv Internet (PIU) thiab problematic online gaming (POG) yog ob qho chaw tseem ceeb thiab nosological los yog seb lawv zoo li cas. Txoj kev tshawb kawm tam sim no los ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav kev sib txuas lus thiab kev sib tshooj ntawm PIU thiab POG txog kev sib deev, tsev kawm ntawv kev kawm, lub sijhawm siv Internet thiab / lossis kev ua si hauv online, kev xav hauv lub hlwb, thiab kev nyiam ua online. Cov lus nug soj ntsuam cov kev hloov no tau muab rau ib qho qauv piv txwv ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas kev ua si (N= 2,073; M_{muaj hnub nyoog}= 16.4 xyoo, SD= 0.87; 68.4% txiv neej). Cov ntaub ntawv tsom hais tias kev siv Internet yog ib qho kev ua si ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas, thaum online gaming tau koom nrog los ntawm ib pab pawg me me. Ib yam li ntawd, cov tub hluas ntxhais hluas tau ntsib cov PIU ntau tshaj rau cov POG, thiab ib pab pawg me ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas tau pom cov kev tshwm sim ntawm ob qho kev coj tsis tus. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm qhov ob qho kev coj tus cwj pwm tsis zoo ntawd yog kev sib deev. POG muaj ntau dua xav nrog ua txiv neej. Kev ntseeg tus kheej muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm ob qho yeeb yam no, thaum muaj kev nyuaj siab tshwm sim los ntawm PIU thiab POG, cuam tshuam txog PIU me ntsis ntxiv. Raws li kev nyiam ua nyob hauv Internet, PIU tau zoo rau cov kev ua si hauv online, sib tham hauv online, thiab kev sib tham, thaum POG tsuas yog nrog kev ua si hauv online. Raws li peb cov kev tshawb pom, POG pom tias yog tus cwj pwm tsis sib xws los ntawm PIU, thiab yog li cov ntaub ntawv txhawb qhov kev xav hauv Internet Kev Khwv thiab Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Ua Si (Internet Gaming Disorder) yog ib qho chaw sib txawv ntawm cov neeg tsis zoo.

Qauv thiab txheej txheem

Cov ntaub ntawv tau muab khaws cia rau hauv lub Peb Hlis 2011 ua ib feem ntawm ib lub phiaj xwm thoob ntiaj teb hu ua European School Survey Project ntawm Dej Cawv thiab Lwm Cov Tshuaj (ESPAD).¹⁹ Lub phiaj xwm no tau tshwm sim txhua txhua xyoo 4 txij thaum 1995, thiab kev ntsuam xyuas kev haus luam yeeb thiab kev haus cawv thiab siv yeeb siv tshuaj rau cov hluas thaum xyoo 16 hauv ntau cov teb chaws. Ntxiv rau cov nqe lus nug uas xav tau, hauv 2011, Hungary ntxiv ob ntu lus los ntsuam xyuas PIU thiab POG.

Yuav nrhiav tau tus qauv ntawm 16 cov tub ntxhais hluas xyoo rau cov neeg pej xeem hauv Hungary, ib qho chaw txawv hauv hom thoob ntiaj teb hom qauv zoo li siv los ntawm thaj av (Central / Western / Eastern Hungary), qib (8-10), thiab hom kawm (thawj feem, theem nrab, kev kawm theem nrab, thiab kev kawm haujlwm). Chav tsev qauv yog hoob kawm, thiab cov lus nug tau muab rau txhua tus tub ntxhais kawm tuaj tom tsev kawm ntawv thaum lub sij hawm khaws cov ntaub ntawv. Cov ntaub ntawv uas yuav tsum tau ua rau qhov hnyav vim kev tsis sib ncaus los ntawm kev tsis pom zoo ntawm 15%. Yuav kom phim cov neeg tuaj koom nrog cov qauv kev sam xeeb, cov ntaub ntawv tau muab los ntawm cov qauv ntawm qhov hnyav uas siv los ntawm National Education Information System (KIR-STAT) (Elekes Z, 2012, cov ntaub ntawv tsis tshaj tawm).

Cov lus nug hais txog PIU thiab POG tsuas yog muab rau cov qauv ntawm 9th-10th hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv secondary thiab secondary vocationalN= 5,045). Tom qab tshem tawm cov lus teb rau cov lus teb rau PIU thiab POG cov lus nug muaj tag lawm, cov qauv zaum kawg ntawm 4,875 cov hluas.

Kev ntsuas

Cov ntawv qhia tseem ceeb hauv zej zog (piv txwv li, poj niam txiv neej thiab hnub nyoog) nrog rau tsev kawm ntawv ua tau zoo (qib kawm nruab nrab), thiab cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev siv Is Taws Nem thiab kev twv txiaj online. Cov lus teb hais txog lub sijhawm siv nyob hauv Is Taws Nem thiab lub sijhawm siv online ua si nyob rau nruab nrab hnub tau txais txiaj ntsig nrog cov lus nug uas muaj kev xaiv (<1 teev, 1-2 teev, 3-4 teev, 5-6 teev, 7-8 teev,> 8) cov sij hawm). Txhawm rau ua kom pom tseeb dua, cov naj npawb ntawm cov tau raug txo thaum lub sijhawm tshuaj ntsuam los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm ob pawg los ntawm cov npoo feem. Peb txoj kev nquag siv Internet cov kev ua ub no kuj tau sau tseg. Cov tub ntxhais kawm tuaj yeem xaiv ntawm rau qhov kev xaiv (piv txwv li, tshawb cov ntaub ntawv online, ua si online sib tham, online sib tham, siv cov chaw sib tham, xa email, thiab rub tawm) thiab tuaj yeem hais txog ob yam haujlwm online ntxiv.

PIU raug soj ntsuam siv 6-khoom version ntawm Question Problems Internet Questionnaire (PIUQ-6) (Király et al., 2014, tsis tuaj yeem ntawv). Tus thawj teev muaj 18 yam khoom thiab peb qho me me: kev xav, kev tsis pom zoo, thiab kev tswj tsis pom zoo.²⁰ Lub luv luv version khaws cia thawj tus qauv zoo tshaj los ntsuas los ntawm ob yam khoom. Ib qho 5 point Likert scale (los ntawm "tsis tau" txog "ib txwm / ib txwm muaj") tau siv los kwv yees ntau npaum li cas cov lus qhia tau hais txog cov neeg teb. Cov qhab nia yog los ntawm 6 rau 30, nrog cov qhab nias dua ntawm PIU ntau dua. Ib qhov qhab nia ntawm 15 tau pom zoo kom paub qhov txawv ntawm cov neeg siv teeb meem thiab cov tsis muaj teeb meem. Ob leeg seev tsom muaj kev puas siab ntsws zoo.^20-21 Internal sib xws ntawm 6-khoom PIUQ yog 0.77 rau tam sim no qauv.

POG raug ntsuas siv 12-yam Problematic Online Gaming Questionnaire Short-Form (POGQ-SF).²² Qhov kev ntsuas no tau muab los ntawm 18-khoom POGQ, ib lub sij hawm nrog cov kev puas siab puas ntsws zoo ntawm lub hlwb los ntawm ob qho tib si theoretical thiab empirical cov ntsiab lus.²³ Ob qhov kev ntsuas siv rau qhov pib qhov teeb meem ntawm kev ua si (piv txwv, kev siv nyiaj, kev siv, kev sib cais, kev sib cais, sib cais tsis sib haum, thiab tshem tawm) siv 5-Point Likert scale. Cov qhab nia yog los ntawm 12 rau 60, nrog cov qhab nia siab dua ntawm POG ntau dua. Ib tug txiav tawm ntawm 32 tau pom zoo kom paub qhov txawv ntawm problematic thiab tsis yog teeb meem hauv online gamers. Internal taub hau ntawm 12-khoom POGQ yog 0.93 rau tus qauv tam sim no.

Tus cwj pwm (psychological features) xws li kev nyuaj siab (daim ntawv luv luv [6-item] Center of Epidemiological Studies Depression-Scale [CES-D]²⁴) thiab tus kheej (Rosenberg tus kheej-ntsuas tus nqi [RSES]²⁵) kuj raug soj ntsuam. Short-form CES-D yog ib qho kev ntsuas tsim los ntsuam xyuas kev mob nyhav siab uas yog siv 4-Point Likert scale (los ntawm "tsis tshua los sis tsis tau" rau "feem ntau"). Cov qhab nia yog los ntawm 4 rau 24, nrog cov qhab nia siab dua ntawm cov qib siab depressive siab. Internal sib xws yog 0.82 rau tam sim no qauv. RSES ntsuam xyuas cov kev xav ntawm tus kheej muaj nqis thiab kev txiav txim siab rau tus kheej, xam nws tus kheej hauv ntiaj teb tus kheej. Nws muaj 10 yam khoom (tsib yam khoom hloov) thiab siv 4-Point Likert scale (los ntawm "pom zoo heev" los "tsis pom zoo heev"). Cov qhab nia yog los ntawm 10 rau 40, nrog cov qhab nia siab dua qhia tias yus tus kheej zoo dua. Internal sib xws yog 0.86 rau tam sim no qauv.

Tshawb fawb tawm

Kev soj ntsuam tau raug ua nrog rau IBM SPSS Statistics rau Windows, v20.0.²⁶ Los ntsuas qhov kev sib txuas nruab nrab ntawm nruab nrab txhua hnub siv Internet thiab nruab nrab txhua hnub hauv online gaming (ntsuas raws li pawg hloov), nrog rau kev sib tshuam ntawm PIU thiab POG, ob lub rooj sib txuas tau raug tsim. Yuav kom ntsuam xyuas ob lub koom haum nosological tau npaj los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsis ntev los no (PIU thiab POG), lub koom haum PIU thiab POG tau muab sib piv nrog cov kwv yees xws li siv ntau yam kev hloov hauv kev hloov hauv kev ua qauv (SEM) hauv MPLUS v6.0.²⁷ Kev hloov ntau hom qauv regression yuav kwv yees cov koom haum ua ke ntawm ntau tshaj ib qho ua tau txawv txav thiab ntau tshaj ib qho txawv ntawm qhov kev twv nqi. Ntxiv mus, hauv hom tsom xam, tag nrho regression coefficients tau kwv yees los ntawm kev tswj tag nrho lwm yam kev twv nqi ntawm cov qauv. Vim muaj kev sib txawv los ntawm kev faib tawm, qhov siab kawg tshaj plaws yuav kwv yees nrog cov txheej txheem ntsuas kev ruaj ntseg uas siv tau. Tag nrho cov kev luj xyuas tau tshawb xyuas ntawm qhov hnyav hnyav. Cov ntaub ntawv uas ploj lawm nyob hauv Mplus raug kho nrog cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj siab kawg nkaus.²⁷

Cov ntaub ntawv ntxawg

Lub hnub nyoog ntawm cov qauv (N= 4,875) yog 16.4 xyoo (SD= 0.87), thiab 50% yog txiv neej. Tsuas yog rau cov me nyuam kawm ntawv (0.1%) qhia tsis siv Internet hauv txhua lub hli ua ntej khaws cov ntaub ntawv. Feem ntau ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv uas tau siv Internet tau muab faib ua ib pawg ntawm peb pawg: (a) cov uas tsis tau ua si hauv online (n= 709, 14.5%), (b) cov neeg uas tau ua si thaum lub hli ua ntej cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg (n= 2,073, 42.5%), thiab (c) cov uas tau ua si hauv online tab sis tsis yog lub hli ua ntej cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg (n= 1,799, 36.9%). Tag nrho cov kev txheeb xyuas tau raug coj los ntawm ob qho khoom ua ke uas ua nrog tam sim no gamers thiaj li yuav muaj peev xwm ua kom sib piv ntawm PIU thiab POG. Lub hnub nyoog nruab nrab ntawm qhov tam sim no gamer subsample yog tib yam li hais tias ntawm tag nrho cov qauv. Txawm li cas los xij, kev sib deev sib txawv yog txawv: ob feem peb (69.1%) ntawm tam sim no gamers yog txiv neej piv rau ib nrab (50.4%) ntawm tag nrho cov qauv.

Lub sijhawm siv Internet thiab ua si hauv online

Yuav kom paub qhov sib cuam tshuam ntawm nruab nrab txhua hnub siv Internet thiab nruab nrab txhua hnub hauv online gaming, ib lub rooj sib tham yog tsim (saib rooj 1). Cov ntaub ntawv qhia tau tias thaum nruab nrab txhua hnub siv Internet tau faib ncaj ncaj nruab nrab ntawm peb lub sij hawm pawg, online gaming feem ntau tsis tshuav li lub sij hawm pawg nce. Lub rooj kuj qhia tau tias thaum kev ua si hauv online yog los ntawm kev siv nyiaj ntau hauv Internet siv, qhov txawv txav tsis muaj tseeb. Namely, cov neeg uas siv sijhawm ntau hauv Internet tsis tas yuav siv ntau lub sijhawm ua si hauv online.

 

Cov lus 1.

Kev Soj Ntsuam Tab Tom Qhov Siv Hauv Internet Txhua Hnub thiab Nruab Nrab Nruab Nrab Hauv Gaming (N= 2,057 Cov tub ntxhais hluas)

Teeb meem siv Internet thiab teeb meem hauv online gamers

Yog xav paub txog PIU thiab POG thiab sib tshooj ntawm ob, lwm lub rooj sib txuas tau tsim muaj plaub hom sib txawv: (a) tsis muaj teeb meem siv Internet, tsis muaj teeb meem hauv online gamers (80.2%), (b) problematic Internet users tab sis tsis muaj teeb meem hauv online gamers (8.8%), (c) problematic online gamers, tiam sis tsis muaj teeb meem siv Internet (4.3%), thiab (d) ob qho teeb meem siv Internet thiab teeb meem online gamers (6.7%) (saib rooj 2).

 

Cov lus 2.

Lub Rooj Txeeb Qhia Tias Muaj Feem Ntau Ntawm Qhov Siv Teebmeem Hauv Internet thiab Teebmeem Teebmeem Gaming (N= 1,923 Cov tub ntxhais hluas)

Multivariate ntau regression

Ib qho sib xyaw ntawm qhov sib piv ntawm cov kev tshawb nrhiav tau muab tso tawm rau hauv rooj 3. Yuav kom piv rau lub koom haum PIU thiab POG nrog cov kwv yees txog kev hloov, qhov sib txawv ntawm ntau yam regression tau ua tiav (saib Daim duab. 1). Cov kev tshwm sim tau qhia txog cov koom haum txawv ntawm qee qhov kev twv nrog cov twv ua ke nrog ob qhov kev hloov. Tau txiv neej yog txuam nrog ob qho kev coj tsis tus. Txawm li cas los, lub koom haum muaj zog rau POG (β = -0.29, p<0.001) tshaj rau PIU (β = −0.07, p<0.01). Ntau tshaj 5 teev ntawm Kev Siv Is Taws Nem hauv ib hnub nruab nrab tau muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog PIU (β = 0.20, p<0.001) tshaj POG (β = 0.07, p<0.01), thaum online twv txiaj rau ntau dua 5 teev ntawm ib hnub nruab nrab tau muaj kev sib ze nrog POG (β = 0.20, p<0.001) tshaj PIU (β = 0.07, p<0.01). Kev ntseeg tus kheej muaj qhov ntsuas qis heev rau ob lub koom haum (β = −0.08, p<0.01 rau PIU; β = −0.09, p<0.01 rau POG), thaum cov tsos mob poob siab pom tias muaj zog me ntsis koom nrog PIU (β = 0.29, p<0.001 vs. β = 0.22, p<0.001). Ib qho ntxiv, kev kawm tau ntawm tsev kawm ntsuas los ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm tus qhab nia nruab nrab ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo heev rau ob qho teeb meem hauv online (β = 0.05, p<0.05 rau PIU; = 0.07, p<0.01 rau POG). Txog ntawm rau 0.20 qhov kev ua ub no nyob hauv Internet uas tau muab los ua tus ntaus nqi yog ib qho ntawm peb qhov kev nyiam ua nyob hauv online (xws li tshawb nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv, ua si online, sib tham, siv cov vev xaib sib tham, xa e-mail, thiab rub tawm), tsuas yog ua si kev ua si hauv online tau cuam tshuam nrog POG (β = XNUMX, p<0.001), thaum ua si online, sib tham online, thiab kev sib tham sib txuas txhua tus muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog PIU, txawm hais tias lawv cov txiaj ntsig me dua li qhov tsis txaus ntseeg (β = 0.09, p<0.01; β= 0.06, p<0.01; thiab β= 0.05, p<0.05, ntu).

 

NPAJ. 1.

Hloov ntau hom qauv regression rau problematic online gaming (POG) thiab kev siv hauv Internet (PIU). Nco ntsoov: Cov kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm cov twv ua ntej ntawm cov twv txiaj yuav tsis qhia rau lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov tseeb. *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p ...

 

Cov lus 3.

Correlation Matrix Ua Txhua Yam Kev Kawm Tau