COV LUS QHIA: Kev kawm lus Greek pom tau tias 21% ntawm qib 9 & 10 qhia tau kev siv tsis raug:
"Ntawm cov neeg kawm (n = 866), tus kev nthuav dav dav dav ntawm kev siv tsis tau siv internet (MIU) yog 20.9% (n = 181). " (Ntawm cov neeg kawm, feem ntau ntawm PIU thiab PIU yog 19.4% thiab 1.5%, feem)
Nco ntsoov tias lub hnub nyoog nruab nrab yog 14.7 thiab tshaj ib nrab yog cov ntxhais. Txij li cov txiv neej feem ntau muaj peev xwm tsim kev sib txuam sib txuam, cov feem pua yuav yog dab tsi yog tias cov qauv yog txhua tus txiv neej?
"Txhua tus tub ntxhais kawm cuv npe kawm Qeb 9 thiab 10 ntawm cov tsev kawm raug xaiv raug caw tuaj koom nrog txoj kev tshawb no (n = 937). Tsis muaj kev cais tawm, suav nrog cov neeg thiab / lossis kev coj noj coj ua, rau txoj kev kawm koom nrog. Lub hauv paus pejxeem ntawm txoj kev tshawb no muaj 438 (46.7%) cov tub thiab 499 (53.3%) cov ntxhais (zuag qhia tag nrho txhais tau tias muaj hnub nyoog: 14.7 xyoo). "
Ntawm no txoj kev tshawb no piav qhia txog kev siv rau cov ntsiab lus kev sib deev:
"Qhov kev tshawb pom pom tau tias PIU thiab PIU muaj kev ywj pheej nrog kev siv Is Taws Nem kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv ntsig txog kev sib deev, kev sib raug zoo, thiab kev lom zem, suav nrog kev ua si sib tham. Ntxiv mus, nws pom tias muaj peev xwm PIU tau cuam tshuam nrog kev siv internet rau kev kawm. Cov ntawv qhia dhau los qhia tias ntau tshaj ib lub hlis twg ntawm cov neeg siv internet siv internet nyob rau kev nkag mus saib cov ntaub ntawv kev sib deev thiab kev kawm [19,37,38]. Ob qho tib si siv internet thiab nkag mus siv Is Taws Nem nyob rau hauv lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kawm kev sib deev tau pom tias muaj kev twv ua ntej ntawm kev saib duab liab qab hauv internet siv [39,40] thiab qhov tshwm sim PIU [41]. Li no, Nws tau thov tias PIU yuav txhim kho thiab / lossis nthuav tawm cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb ntawm cov vev xaib nkag mus, tsis yog siv internet hauv ib qho. "
Txuas Mus Rau Txoj Kev Kawm Tag Nrho
BMC Public Health. 2011; 11: 595.
Tshaj tawm hauv online 2011 Lub Xya Hli 27. doi: 10.1186 / 1471-2458-11-595
Copyright © 2011 Kormas li al; ntawv tso cai BioMed Central Ltd.
Georgios Kormas, # 1 Elena Critselis, # 2 Mari Janikian, # 1 Dimitrios Kafetzis, 2 thiab Artemis Tsitsika 1
1Txoj Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Rau Cov Hluas (AHU), Lub Tsev Haujlwm Thib Ob ntawm Pediatrics, «P. & A. Kyriakou »Cov Tsev Kho Mob Menyuam, Lub Tebchaws thiab Kapodistrian University ntawm Athens Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Tshuaj, Tim Nkij teb chaws
2Saib Xyuas Chaw Pediatrics, "P. & A. Kyriakou »Cov Menyuam Lub Tsev Kho Mob, Lub Tebchaws thiab Kapodistrian University ntawm Athens Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Tshuaj, Athens, Tim Nkij teb chaws
Georgios Kormas: [email tiv thaiv] ; Elena Critselis: [email tiv thaiv] ; Mari Janikian: [email tiv thaiv] ; Dimitrios Kafetzis: [email tiv thaiv] ; Artemis Tsitsika: [email tiv thaiv]
Abstract
Tom qab
Kev siv xov xwm hauv Is Taws Nem (PIU) cuam tshuam nrog cov kev tsis yooj yim ntawm lub hlwb kev xav. Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tshawb fawb yog ntsuas cov kev txiav txim siab thiab qhov cuam tshuam rau lub hlwb nrog rau cov PIU thiab PIU ntawm cov hluas.
txoj kev
Tus qauv hla kev tshawb nrhiav tau coj los siv ntawm ib qho piv txwv (n = 866) ntawm cov hluas Greek (txhais tau tias muaj hnub nyoog: 14.7 xyoo). Kev nug tus kheej cov lus nug tag nrho, suav nrog kev siv internet yam ntxwv, Cov Hluas Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob Siv Hluav Taws Xob, thiab Lub Zog thiab Cov Lus Nug uas nyuaj, tau siv los tshuaj xyuas cov hom phiaj kev kawm.
tau
Ntawm cov pej xeem txoj kev tshawv no, feem ntau ntawm cov PIU thiab PIU ntau yog 19.4% thiab 1.5%, feem. Multinomial logistic regression tau qhia tias txiv neej poj niam txiv neej (Qib sib piv, LOSSIS: 2.01; 95% Kev Ntseeg Nruab Nrab, 95% CI: 1.35-3.00), nrog rau kev siv internet rau kev khaws cov ntaub ntawv kev sib deev (LOSSIS: 2.52; 95% CI: 1.53- 4.12), kev sib tham sib tw ua si (LOSSIS: 1.85; 95% CI: 1.21-2.82), thiab kev sib raug zoo, suav nrog kev sib tham hauv chav siv (LOSSIS: 1.97; 95% CI: 1.36-2.86) thiab email (LOSSIS: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.05-2.24), tau muaj kev ywj pheej nrog cov PIU thiab PIU. Cov tub ntxhais hluas uas muaj peev xwm PIU tau muaj qhov yooj yim ntawm cov khoom sib txuas nrog qhov tsis zoo (LOSSIS: 4.39; 95% CI: 2.03-9.52) thiab kev coj ua (LOSSIS: 2.56; 95% CI: 1.46-4.50) teeb meem. Ntxiv mus, cov hluas PIU raug cuam tshuam nrog kev hyperactivity (LOSSIS: 9.96; 95% CI: 1.76-56.20) thiab kev coj ua (LOSSIS: 8.39; 95% CI: 2.04-34.56) teeb meem, nrog rau kev ua kom muaj kev puas hlwb (OR: 8.08); 95% CI: 1.44-45.34).
cov lus xaus
Qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm PIU thiab PIU suav nrog kev nkag mus rau hauv internet rau lub hom phiaj los khaws cov ntaub ntawv kev sib deev, kev ua si, thiab kev sib raug zoo. Ntxiv mus, ob qho tib si PIU thiab PIU raug cuam tshuam nrog kev coj tus cwj pwm tsis txaus ntseeg thiab kev coj tsis ncaj ntawm cov hluas.
Cov ntsiab lus: muaj teeb meem rau kev siv internet, cov hluas, Is Taws Nem, kev xav ntawm lub hlwb, tus cwj pwm, hom ntxiv
Tom qab
Tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas, hauv internet tau pom tias muaj ntau dua los siv raws li kev nkag mus tau yooj yim rau cov ntaub ntawv rov qab, kev lom zem, thiab kev sib raug zoo [1,2]. Kev siv internet ntau dhau yuav ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau lub hlwb txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov hluas [3]. Thaum ob qho tib si kev saws cov kev siv internet ntau dhau, nrog rau cov kev cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub hlwb yuav raug txiav txim siab los ntawm kev txiav txim siab zoo ua ntej pib siv kev siv internet [4], qhov ntxim nyiam ntawm kev txhim kho qhov teeb meem cov qauv ntawm tus cwj pwm thaum lub sijhawm hluas yog qhov tseem ceeb [5,6] Cov. Yog li ntawd, thaum cov hluas faib cov sij hawm nce zuj zus ntxiv rau kev siv internet, txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim cov khoom siv hauv Is Taws Nem tsis raug cai (MIU), suav nrog cov teeb meem siv internet tsis zoo (PIU) thiab PIU, yog qhov tsis tau.
Thaum PIU tau txais kev tshawb nrhiav ntau zuj zus [7], lub ntsiab lus zoo ib yam ntawm qhov kev tsim kho no tsis tau thov tam sim no [8]. PIU tau raug thov ua qhov chaw ua haujlwm tshiab ntawm kev coj tus cwj pwm tsis xws li cov kev txheeb pom nyob hauv qhov pom ntawm kev tswj hwm lub siab tsis ncaj [9]. Cov lus thov rau PIU thaum xub thawj suav nrog: (1) kev siv tsis tau ntawm kev siv internet, (2) kev siv internet uas muaj kev ntxhov siab, siv sijhawm ntau lossis ua rau muaj kev sib raug zoo, muaj haujlwm lossis nyiaj txiag nyuaj; thiab (3) kev siv is taws nem tsis siv tam sim thaum lub sij hawm hypomanic los yog manic clinical [10]. Yog li, PIU lub tswv yim yog ib tus neeg tsis muaj peev xwm tswj hwm nws qhov siv internet, yog li ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam thiab / lossis kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo [11,12]. Peev Xwm PIU txhais tau tias yog kev siv internet uas ua tiav qee yam, tab sis tsis yog txhua yam ntawm cov txheej txheem saum toj no [9,12,13].
Thoob Ntiaj Teb, kev nthuav dav ntawm PIU ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas thiab cov neeg laus tau pom tias muaj nyob nruab nrab ntawm 0.9% [14] thiab 38% [15]. Tshwj xeeb, ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas European, cov ntsiab lus ntawm PIU tau pom tias muaj nyob nruab nrab ntawm 2% thiab 5.4% [6,16-18]. Hauv tebchaws Greece, qhov muaj ntau ntawm PIU raug pom los ntawm thaj tsam 1.0% [19] thiab 8.2% [20] ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas uas nyob hauv nroog thiab hauv nroog, feem. Li no, PIU pom zoo ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas Greek piv rau lawv cov ua haujlwm hauv lwm lub tebchaws European.
Ob qho kev tso siab heev thiab PIU tau cuam tshuam nrog lub plethora ntawm cov kev mob tshwm sim ntawm lub hlwb thiab lub hlwbCov. Tshwj xeeb, kev coj los siv hauv kev siv internet ntau dhau tau cuam tshuam nrog kev sib cais [21] thiab kev cuam tshuam cuam tshuam [22]. Ntxiv mus, PIU tau ua rau muaj kev sib ntxub tsis sib xws [23], kev tsis muaj lub peev xwm kev sib raug zoo [24], kev cuam tshuam cov xim hyperactivity tsis meej [14], thiab kev nyuaj siab thiab / lossis kev tua tus kheej [25-27]. Txawm li cas los xij, los txog rau hnub tim, cov pov thawj tsis muaj nyob txog qhov txiav txim siab qhov txawv thiab qhov cuam tshuam ntawm lub hlwb PIU thiab PIU ntawm cov hluas.
Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav tam sim no yog txhawm rau soj ntsuam qhov txiav txim siab ntawm PIU thiab PIU muaj peev xwm ntawm cov hluas. Lub hom phiaj thib ob yog kom ntsuas cov neeg lub siab thiab qhov cuam tshuam cuam tshuam nrog PIU ntawm cov neeg kawm.
txoj kev
Kawm kev tsim qauv thiab kawm cov neeg
Tus qauv duab ntu los tau siv rau qhov kev kawm. Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tau sau thaum ob ntu sib law liag kev kawm (01/01/2007 - 01/01/2008). Qhov kev tshawb fawb tau pom zoo los ntawm Pab Pawg Saib Xyuas Cai ntawm ob qhov “P. & A. Kyriakou ”Tsev Kho Mob Me Nyuam hauv Athens, Tim Nkij teb chaws, thiab Hellenic Ministry of Education thiab သာသနာ yam kev cai dab qhuas. Kev qhia paub txog kev pom zoo rau kev koom nrog kev kawm yuav tsum tau los ntawm cov neeg saib xyuas raug cai ntawm txhua tus neeg tuaj koom ua ntej pib kawm.
Lub hauv paus rau cov tib neeg rau txoj kev tshawb fawb tam sim no muaj kev kuaj xyuas ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm 20 pej xeem cov tsev kawm qib siab thiab qib siab, stratified raws li lawv cheeb tsam thiab ib puag ncig cov neeg nyob ze, hauv Athens, Tim Nkij teb chaws. Txhua tus tub ntxhais kawm nyob hauv Qib 9 thiab 10 ntawm cov tsev kawm raug xaiv raug caw tuaj koom nrog txoj kev tshawb no (n = 937). Tsis muaj kev cais tawm, suav nrog cov neeg thiab / lossis kev coj noj coj ua, rau txoj kev kawm koom nrog. Lub hauv paus ntawm cov pej xeem hauv txoj kev tshawb no muaj cov tub hluas 438 (46.7%) thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas 499 (53.3%) (cov txhais tau lub hnub nyoog tag nrho: 14.7 xyoo). Xya Caum-ib (7.6%) ntawm cov neeg tau txais txiaj ntsig tsis ua tiav txhua yam ntawm Cov Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob hauv Is Taws Nem thiab yog li raug cais tawm los ntawm txhua qhov kev txheeb xyuas ntxiv Li no, tus nqi lus teb yog 92.4% (N = 866).
Cov ntaub ntawv sau
Ua daim ntawv nug tus kheej tiav tau muab faib rau txhua tus neeg tuaj koom ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lawv lub tsev kawm. Cov neeg koom kev kawm tau thov kom teb cov lus nug yam tsis pub lwm tus paub txhawm rau kom txo qis qhov kev cuam tshuam kev tsis ncaj ncees. Cov lus nug tau ua raws li 5 cov khoom siv: (1) cov lus qhia ntawm cov pej xeem; (2) keeb kwm thiab nruab nrab txhua lub lim tiam siv internet; (3) qhov chaw muaj kev nkag mus rau is taws nem thiab muaj feem ntawm cov chaw internet mus nkag; (4) Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Khov Tiv Thaiv Hluas Hluav Taws Xob hauv Is Taws Nem; thiab (5) Cov Lus Txhawb Muaj Zog thiab Nta Cov Lus Nug.
Muaj peev xwm PIU thiab PIU raug txheeb xyuas los ntawm kev thov Cov Hluas Kev Kuaj Tiv Thaiv Hluav Taws Xob (YIAT), raws li muaj tseeb hauv cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb [12,28-31]. YIAT muaj 20 ntsuas cov khoom ntsuas rau kev soj ntsuam ntawm kev kawm ntawv ntawm kev xav ua ntej, kev siv yuam kev, kev coj tus cwj pwm, kev hloov pauv hauv lub siab, thiab kev ploj kev ua haujlwm cuam tshuam nrog kev siv internet. Kev siv internet li qub, muaj peev xwm PIU, thiab PIU tau txiav txim siab raws li YIAT. Maladaptive internet siv (MIU) tau txhais ntawm cov neeg koom nrog PIU lossis PIU [12].
Txhawm rau kev txheeb xyuas keeb kwm ntawm kev siv internet, cov kev txiav tawm raug pom hauv qab no: (1) cov neeg siv tshiab: 0-6 lub hlis; (2) cov neeg siv tsis ntev los no: 6-12 lub hlis; thiab (3) cov neeg siv dag zog:> 12 lub hlis. Thawj qhov chaw ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv Internet tau txheeb xyuas suav nrog nkag mus siv Is Taws Nem ntawm (1) ib tus kheej lub tsev portal; (2) tus phooj ywg tsev portal; thiab, (3) internet café portal. Qhov muaj feem ntawm cov chaw internet nkag siv nrog: (1) e-mail sib sau; (2) nkag mus rau kev tshaj tawm hauv xov xwm (piv txwv li ntawv xov xwm, ntawv xov xwm, thiab caij nyoog); (3) kev siv sib tham; (4) sib tham sib tw ua si; (5) kev rov khaws cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev ua haujlwm thiab kev kawm; thiab (6) rov saib dua txog kev kawm kev sib deev thiab cov ntaub ntawv.
Qhov Kev Siv Tau Zoo thiab Ua Tau Nyuaj (SDQ) Cov Lus Nug tau siv los ntsuas cov neeg koom nrog qhov kev xav thiab lub siab lub ntsws. SDQ tau ua haujlwm ua qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas siv tau rau kev soj ntsuam qhov kev nyuaj siab thiab lub siab ntawm cov hluas [32,33]. Tsib qhov sib xyaw ntawm SDQ thiab lawv cov qhab nia sib txawv yog: (1) Cov Kev Xav Zoo Ua Ntej Kev Ntsuas (Li Qub: 0-5; Tus ciam: 6; Qhov Tsis Txaus: 7-10); (2) Kev Cov Teeb Meem Ua Teeb Meem (Li Qub: 0-3; Ciav chaw: 4; Qhov Txawv Siab: 5-10); (3) Cov Hyperactivity Scale (Li Ntaw: 0-5; Tus ciam: 6; Txawv Txawv: 7-10); (4) Cov Teeb Meem Ntawm Cov Menyuam Muaj Qauv Muaj Zog (Li Qub: 0-3; Tus Ntaw Nyiaj: 4-5; Qhov Txawv Txawv: 6-10); thiab (5) Qhov Muaj Nuj Nqis (Li Qub: 6-10; Tus Qauv: 5; Txawv Txawv: 0-4). Nrog rau kev cais tawm ntawm Qhov Txheej Txheem Loj, qhov tawm ntawm cov qhab nia ntawm SDQ uas tshuav ntxiv tau muab los tsim kom muaj Tag Nrho Cov Txiaj Ntsim Cov Qib Ua Tau (Li Qub: 0-15; Tus Xov Xwm Tseem Ceeb: 16-19; Txawv Txawv: 20-40).
Kev Tshawb Fawb Tsom
Kev ntsuam xyuas tus tub ntxhais kawm t-test rau cov qauv ywj pheej raug siv los sib piv cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov pauv tsis tu ncua thiab chi-squared test tau siv los sib piv qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qib ntawm cov cim qhia sib txawv ntawm pawg, ntsig txog. Ntsuas Kev Ntsuas Ua Rau Ntiag Ntsuas tau thov hloov chaw thaum tsawg kawg ib pawg sib piv muaj ≤ 5 cov tub ntxhais hluas. Lub hnub nyoog thiab poj niam txiv neej hloov kho sib txawv sib piv (AOR) thiab 95% Kev Ntseeg Lub Sijhawm (95% CI) tau ntsuas los ntsuas qhov ntxim nyiam ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev siv internet, zoo li SDQ tivthaiv thiab cov qhab nia tag nrho, ntawm pawg neeg kawm. Stepwise multinomial logistic regression tsom xam tau thov kom ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov txiav txim siab ntawm PIU thiab PIU, piv rau cov kev siv internet ib txwm. Cov tsiaj ntawv ywj pheej muaj nyob hauv cov qauv multivariate regression suav nrog cov chaw ntawm kev nkag mus rau Is Taws Nem thiab cov kev siv internet txuas ntxiv. A p-tus nqi (p) ntawm ≤ 0.05 yog qhov ntsuas rau qhov tseem ceeb. Kev suav txheeb cais tau ua nrog kev siv SAS version 9.0 (SAS Institute Inc, USA) software pob.
tau
Txhua yam siv ua tsis huv internet (MIU)
Ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb cov pej xeem (n = 866), kev nthuav dav ntawm maladaptive internet siv (MIU) yog 20.9% (n = 181)Cov. Lub hnub nyoog nruab nrab (± tus qauv sib txawv, SD) ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas nrog MIU tsis txawv qhov txawv ntawm lawv cov neeg siv internet sib txawv (14.8 ± 0.6 xyoo vs. 14.8 ± 0.6 xyoo, p = 0.838). Txawm li cas los xij, cov hluas nrog MIU yog 2.91 (95% Kev Ntseeg Nruab Nrab, 95% CI: 2.07-4.13) ntau dua li txiv neej yog piv rau cov neeg siv internet. Ntxiv mus, qhov feem pua ntawm cov hluas nrog MIU qhia txog kev kawm tsis tau zoo yog ntau dua li ntawm cov neeg siv internet (Cov Lus (Table11).
rooj 1
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kawm cov neeg raws li kev lag luam ntawm maladaptive internet siv (n = 866).
Txog ntawm qhov chaw nyob hauv is taws nem nkag mus siv, cov hluas nrog MIU tau nkag mus tau rau hauv Is Taws Nem ntawm qhov café portals thiab lawv tus kheej lub tsev portal piv rau cov neeg siv internet nyob raws li muaj nyob hauv Table Table2.2. Ntxiv mus, hais txog qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm cov vev xaib nkag mus, cov hluas nrog MIU raug kwv yees li ob zaug uas yuav nkag mus siv tau hauv internet rau kev sib tham-chav siv thiab sib tham sib ua si. Cov tub ntxhais hluas nrog MIU kuj tseem yog 2.70 (95% CI: 1.66-4.38) ntau zaus nkag mus hauv Is Taws Nem rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib deev raws li piv rau lawv cov neeg siv internet sib ntxiv. Thaum kawg, cov hluas nrog MIU tsis tshua pom kev siv internet rau txoj kev kawm txuj.
rooj 2
Tej zaum qhov chaw nyob thiab cov chaw siv internet nkag mus raws li kev siv internet tsis raug cai siv.
Qhov sib piv ntawm cov kev xav hauv nruab siab thiab lub siab ntawm cov hluas nrog MIU thiab kev siv internet li ib txwm muaj nyob hauv Table Table3.3. Cov neeg hluas nrog MIU tau nyob rau ntau dua ob zaug feem ntau yuav muaj qhov Txheeb Tsis Zoo Txawv Teeb Meem thiab ntawm plaub zaug feem ntau yuav muaj qhov Txav Tsis Txaus Siab Ua Ntej. Li no, MIU tau cuam tshuam nrog ob qho kev cuam tshuam tseem ceeb kev coj tus cwj pwm tsis zoo thiab tsis ua teebmeem ntawm cov hluas. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov hluas nrog MIU tau kwv yees li peb zaug feem ntau yuav tshaj tawm tias muaj Txiaj Ntsig Tsis Txaus Tag Nrho SDQ piv rau cov neeg siv internet. Yog li, MIU tau cuam tshuam nrog txhua yam kev xav hauv nruab siab thiab lub siab xav ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm cov hluas.
rooj 3
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Qhov Ua Tau Zoo thiab Qhov Nyoog Ua Lus Nug cov ntaub ntawv raws li kev siv tsis raug ntawm kev siv internet.
Tej zaum muaj teeb meem kev siv internet (PIU)
Ntawm cov pej xeem txoj kev tshawv no kev nthuav dav ntawm qhov feem ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm PIU (txhais tau tias YIAT tus qhab nia ± cov qauv sib txawv, SD: 48.9 ± 7.2) yog 19.4% (n = 168). Cov tub ntxhais hluas uas muaj peev xwm PIU yog 2.77 (95% CI: 1.92-3.85) ntau dua cov txiv neej. Thaum cov tub ntxhais hluas muaj peev xwm PIU tsis txawv ntawm lawv cov neeg siv internet sib txawv nrog rau kev saib xyuas lub hnub nyoog, lawv tau ntau dua ob zaug uas yuav muaj qhov tsis xws li tsis ntev los no (piv txwv tsis pub dhau, LOSSIS: 2.56; 95% CI: 1.40-4.65) lossis kev paub dhau los (LOSSIS : 2.78; 95% CI: 1.80-4.28) cov neeg siv internet. Ib qho ntxiv, qhov kev kawm tsis zoo tau tshaj qhia ntau dua ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas uas muaj peev xwm PIU piv rau lawv cov neeg siv internet sib luag (Cov Lus (Table11).
Cov tub ntxhais hluas uas muaj PIU ntau dua siv lawv tus kheej lub tsev portal thiab internet café portals piv rau lawv cov neeg siv internet sib ntxiv (Rooj (Table2) .2). Tsis tas li ntawd, hais txog qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm cov vev xaib nkag mus rau, qhov zoo li kev siv internet rau lub hom phiaj los khaws cov ntaub ntawv kev sib deev thiab / lossis cov ntsiab lus yog 2.43 lub sijhawm ntau dua ntawm cov hluas nrog lub peev xwm PIU (Cov Lus (Table2) .2). Ib qho ntxiv, cov hluas nrog cov PIU muaj peev xwm kwv yees li ob zaug uas yuav siv internet rau kev sib tham thiab sib tham, xws li sib tham-chav thiab email. Ntxiv mus, qhov zoo li kev siv internet rau kev ua si-ua si yog 1.86 lub sijhawm ntau dua ntawm cov pab pawg neeg no piv rau cov neeg siv internet. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb, tab sis, ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas txheeb xyuas qhov muaj peev xwm PIU tau cuam tshuam nrog kev siv internet rau kev kawm.
Muaj peev xwm PIU ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas tau cuam tshuam nrog kev nce siab ntxiv ntawm Kev Txom Nyem Tsis Zoo thiab Kev Coj Ua Teeb Meem Cov qhab nia piv nrog piv rau lawv cov neeg siv internet sib pauv (Rooj (Table3) .3). Txawm li ntawd los, cov hluas nrog cov PIU muaj peev xwm tsis pom zoo sib txawv nrog rau lawv txoj kev xav thiab kev sib raug zoo los ntawm lawv cov neeg siv internet sib ntxiv. Txawm li cas los xij, cov hluas nrog cov PIU muaj ntau dua ob zaug uas yuav muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws zoo dua li piv rau lawv cov neeg siv internet.
Teeb meem siv internet (PIU)
Feem pua ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv ntawm PIU (txhais tau tias YIAT tus qhab nia ± SD: 79.3 ± 7.5) ntawm cov neeg kawm kev kawm yog 1.5% (n = 13). Cov tub hluas ntxhais hluas nrog PIU tau nyob hauv ntau dua xya lub sij hawm ntau dua li lawv cov neeg siv internet sib pauv yuav yog txiv neej. Ntxiv rau, cov hluas nrog cov PIU ntau dua yim zaug uas yuav tshaj qhia> 12 lub hlis ntawm kev siv internet (Cov Lus (Rooj 11).
Cov neeg hluas nrog PIU siv ntau lub internet café portals piv rau lawv cov neeg siv internet sib tham (p = 0.018). Ntxiv mus, cov hluas PIU tau muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev nkag mus hauv Is Taws Nem rau cov ntaub ntawv khaws cov ntaub ntawv kev sib deev thiab / lossis cov ntsiab lus sib deev thiab chav sib tham (siv cov lus (Table2) .2). Nws yog qhov tsim nyog tias thaum cov tub ntxhais hluas feem ntau nrog PIU siv qhov nruab nrab rau kev sib tham ntawm kev ua si sib tw, kev siv zoo li tsis sib txawv ntawm qhov ntawm lawv cov neeg siv internet sib ntxiv (Rooj (Table22)).
Cov tub ntxhais hluas uas muaj PIU tau pom tias muaj qhov zoo dua rau kev nthuav qhia tsis tshua meej nrog kev ua kom tsis zoo thiab ua cov qhab nia teeb meem (Cov Lus (Table3) .3). Tshwj xeeb, raws li SDQ cov qhab nia cov qhab nia, qhov txawv ntawm qhov txawv txav tsis zoo thiab ua cov qhab nia teeb meem tau kwv yees li kaum thiab yim zaus ntau dua, feem, ntawm cov neeg hluas nrog PIU piv rau cov neeg siv internet. Ntxiv mus, cov hluas PIU tsis tau cuam tshuam nrog kev xav thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis ncaj ncees. Txawm li cas los xij, cov hluas nrog cov PIU yog kwv yees yim lub sijhawm ntau dua uas muaj kev puas siab ntsws ntawm lub hlwb tsis zoo, raws li qhia tag nrho ntawm SDQ cov qhab nia.
Kev txiav txim siab uas muaj peev xwm PIU thiab PIU
Cov kev soj ntsuam ua ke (cov lus qhia ntawm rooj (Table4) 4) tau qhia tias txiv neej poj niam txiv neej, siv Is Taws Nem kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv kev sib deev, kev ua si sib cuam tshuam, thiab kev sib raug zoo, suav nrog kev sib tham hauv chav thiab email, tau nyob ntawm tus PIU thiab PIU.
rooj 4
Qhov tseeb nws tus kheej cuam tshuam nrog kev siv maladaptive internet siv.
kev sib tham
Qhov kev kawm tam sim no yog thawj qhov kev txheeb xyuas los ntsuas kev siv internet yam ntxwv cuam tshuam nrog rau ob qho peev xwm PIU thiab PIU ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas. Ntxiv mus, nws tseem yog thawj ntawm cov kev txheeb xyuas ob leeg tib leeg thiab kev sib txawv ntawm cov kev xav txog kev puas siab ntsws uas cuam tshuam nrog PIU ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas raws li kev tswj hwm tus cwj pwm tsis raug coj los siv.
Qhov kev tshawb pom pom tau tias feem ntau ntawm PIU ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas yog 1.5%. Cov neeg soj ntsuam pom tias muaj tsawg dua li cov neeg tau hais tawm hauv tebchaws Greek thiab hauv lwm lub tebchaws nyob sab Europe [6,16,18,20,34] thiab tej zaum yog vim muaj qhov nkag mus tsis pub tsawg dhau ntawm cov koos pij tawj / siv internet ntawm cov neeg Greek hauv nroog [35]. Txawm li cas los xij, cim qhov sib txawv ntawm thoob ntiaj teb txog feem ntau ntawm tus nqi PIU kuj tseem yuav raug xam tias yog kev ntsuas kev tsis txaus ntseeg vim tsis muaj kev sib raug zoo thoob ntiaj teb hais txog ob qho kev txhais thiab kev ntsuas PIU [8].
Tsis tas li ntawd, ntawm cov neeg kawm kev soj ntsuam kwv yees li ib feem tsib (19.4%) ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas tau pom tias muaj feem PIU. Nws pom zoo tias cov neeg siv internet nyob hauv tus txheej txheem txhim kho PIU.
Feem ntau ntawm cov hluas nrog cov muaj peev xwm PIU lossis PIU yog cov txiv neej. Cov poj niam sib txawv sib txawv hais txog qhov muaj ntau zaus thiab siv hauv kev siv internet tau qhia tas los [36]. Txoj kev sib txawv ntawm poj niam txiv neej tej zaum yuav yog los ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm kev siv internet ntawm cov neeg sib txawv. Tshwj xeeb, txij li cov tub hluas ntxhais hluas siv internet ntau dua thiab ntau dua li cov tub ntxhais hluas hluas [19], cov sijhawm nruab nrab ntawm lub sijhawm siv internet yuav ua rau muaj kev tsis txaus siab rau kev txhim kho PIU, tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tub hluas.
Qhov kev tshawb nrhiav pom tau hais tias muaj peev xwm PIU thiab PIU tau siv kev ywj pheej nrog kev siv Is Taws Nem kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv kev sib deev, kev sib raug zoo, thiab kev lom zem, suav nrog kev ua si sib tham. Ntxiv mus, nws pom tias muaj peev xwm PIU tau cuam tshuam nrog kev siv internet rau kev kawm. Cov ntawv qhia dhau los qhia tias ntau tshaj ib feem peb ntawm cov neeg siv internet siv internet nyob rau kev nkag mus saib cov ntaub ntawv kev sib deev thiab kev kawm [19,37,38]. Ob qho tib si siv internet thiab nkag mus siv Is Taws Nem nyob rau hauv kev kawm txog kev sib deev tau pom tias muaj kev twv ua ntej ntawm kev saib duab liab qab hauv internet siv [39,40] thiab qhov muaj txiaj ntsig PIU [41]. Li no, tau npaj siab tias PIU yuav txhim kho thiab / lossis nthuav tawm cov lus qhia thib ob rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov vev xaib nkag mus, es tsis yog siv internet per se.
Hais txog cov kev puas siab puas ntsws ntawm PIU, suav nrog PIU thiab PIU, qhov kev tshawb pom pom tau hais tias cov kev coj cwj pwm no cuam tshuam nrog kev txhim kho qhov hyperactivity thiab coj teeb meem. Tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov, txawm hais tias thaum lub sijhawm muaj teeb meem txog kev coj ua ntau dua peb zaug ntau dua ntawm cov hluas nrog PIU piv rau cov neeg muaj peev xwm PIU, qhov txawv ntawm cov teeb meem hyperactivity muaj kwv yees li ob zaug ntau dua, feem. Txog niaj hnub no, cov kev tshawb pom zoo sib xws hais txog qhov yuav ua rau muaj kev yoog thiab ua teeb meem ntawm cov hluas nrog cov PIU tsis tau qhia tawm.
Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj tau muab hais txog qhov tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm kev coj ua teeb meem thiab PIU corroborates nrog cov kev tshawb pom muaj feem xyuam hauv cov ntawv sau tseg qhia tias cov hluas nrog PIU nyiam lonelier [42] thiab coj tus cwj pwm tsis zoo ntau dua [43]. Ntxiv mus, cov kev tshawb pom yav dhau los tau qhia tias muaj teeb meem ntawm cov hluas nrog PIU tej zaum yuav cuam tshuam nrog kev sib cais ntau ntxiv thiab kev tsis sib raug zoo ntawm kev sib txuas lus [24]. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev tshawb pom tam sim no qhia tau tias cov hluas nrog cov PIU lossis PIU tsis qhia txog kev cuam tshuam nrog kev phooj ywg thiab / lossis kev sib raug zoo. Nws tau tshaj tawm tias cov hluas yuav tawm tsam lawv txoj kev sib cais ntawm lub ntiaj teb nrog kev siv kev sib tham isthawmnev thiab kev sib tham ntawm cov neeg coob coob, yog li khaws cov kev sib raug zoo hauv is taws nem nruab nrab.
Qhov kev tshawb pom tam sim no tau qhia tias tsis muaj PIU lossis PIU ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas tau cuam tshuam nrog kev xav tsis txaus. Cov kev tshawb pom no sib piv cov uas tau tsim hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas qhia txog cov tsos mob siab ntsws, xws li mob siab thiab ntxhov siab, tau cuam tshuam nrog PIU [9,44-47]. Nws yog qhov tseeb tias kev kho siab ntsws ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas uas muaj peev xwm PIU lossis PIU tej zaum yuav yog theem ob ntawm ib tus neeg muaj peev xwm kev tsis ncaj ncees los ntawm kev kawm ua piv txwv. Tshwj xeeb, vim qhov tseeb tias cov neeg kawm txoj kev kawm tau raug xaiv los ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm mus kawm cov tsev kawm theem siab thiab theem siab, cov tub ntxhais hluas uas muaj lub luag haujlwm tsis txaus ntseeg, suav nrog ob leeg cuam tshuam loj heev rau kev kawm txog qhov tsis suav thiab / lossis raug ntiab tawm los ntawm kev tuaj kawm thiab kev ua si, tej zaum yuav tsis raug suav nrog hauv cov neeg kawm.
Tsis tas li ntawd, kev kawm tam sim no qhia tias cov hluas nrog cov PIU lossis PIU muaj ntau dua ob thiab yim zaug, ntsig txog qhov yuav muaj lub ntiaj teb kev xav thiab kev puas siab ntsws, raws li tau soj ntsuam los ntawm tag nrho SDQ cov qhab nia. Qhov kev sib txheeb ntawm PIU thiab kev nyuaj lub siab kev xav tau zoo yav tas los tau sau cia [42,48]. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kev puas siab puas ntsws sib txawv raws li qib PIU tsis tau tshaj tawm. Yog li, qhov kev tshawb nrhiav tam sim no muab pov thawj pom tias thaum cov tub ntxhais hluas nrog PIU ua pov thawj pom tias tus cwj pwm thiab lub siab tsis zoo, cov hluas nrog lub peev xwm PIU tseem muaj qhov txwv me, txawm tias tseem ceeb, nce kev pheej hmoo rau kev ua kom pom kev puas siab puas ntsws thiab kev puas hlwb.
Yog li, qhov kev tshawb nrhiav pom tau hais tias ob qho tib si PIU thiab PIU cuam tshuam nrog cov kev xav tsis zoo hauv lub siab ntsws thiab lub siab ntsws ntawm cov hluas. Nws pom zoo tias kev coj tus cwj pwm hauv is taws nem yuav tsim kev khiav tawm ntawm cov hluas kom txog kev tiv thaiv ib ntus thiab / lossis khiav tawm ntawm kev nyuaj siab thiab kev coj tus cwj pwm [49]. Yog li, cov hluas yuav siv Is Taws Nem ntau dhau txhawm rau txhawm rau daws cov teeb meem kev ntxhov siab. Tib lub sijhawm, PIU tau pom muaj ua rau ua tsis tiav kev ua neej ntawm lub neej [50]. Nws yog tawm tswv yim tias cov hluas hloov kho tsis zoo, tej zaum yuav raug kev txom nyem ntau dua tuaj tom qab PIU, yog li tsim qhov kev tsim ua phem nyob rau hauv kev siv internet thiab lub siab tsis zoo. Yog li ntawd, PIU kuj tuaj yeem sib txuas ua ntej-muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws psychosocial symptomatology tam sim no ntawm cov hluas.
Lub zog ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb tam sim no suav nrog tias nws yog thawj zaug ntawm kev coj ua txhawm rau txhawm rau soj ntsuam ob qhov kev txiav txim siab thiab kev puas siab ntsws ntawm lub peev xwm PIU thiab PIU ntawm cov hluas hauv tebchaws Greece. Vim hais tias kev thov piv txwv rau cov kev xaiv ntawm cov neeg kawm, nws tau pom zoo tias qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev xaiv xaiv kev tsis ncaj ncees tau txwv. Qhov kev txwv ntawm qhov kev kawm no suav nrog nws qhov tsis muaj peev xwm los txiav txim siab qhov kev sib txuas ntawm cov koom haum PIU thiab cov kev coj ntawm lub siab ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas vim tias qhov kev tshawb nrhiav qhov cuam tshuam hla. Ntxiv rau, cov kev puas siab puas ntsws thiab lwm yam kev pheej hmoo tsis tuaj yeem raug txheeb xyuas nrog rau qhov tshwm sim thiab txhim kho kev siv internet tsis zoo. Thaum kawg, vim cov hluas uas koom nrog tib chav kawm thiab / lossis tsev kawm ntawv muaj peev xwm siv internet kev siv nrog lwm tus, kev cuam tshuam rau kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev siv cyber sib tham, nrog rau kev twv txiaj, cuam tshuam nrog kev siv internet tsis zoo yuav raug tswvcuab. Txij li cov qauv sau tseg tau siv rau kev tshawb nrhiav tam sim no, ob qho tib si tus qauv tsis raug thiab kev ntseeg siab ncua sij hawm ceeb toom yuav yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm lawv qhov ntau. Kev sojntsuam ntxiv rau yav tom ntej yog qhov tseem ceeb txhawm rau txhawm rau tshuaj xyuas ob qho kev cuam tshuam no thiab seb cov kev puas siab puas ntsws pom ntawm cov menyuam hluas uas muaj peev xwm PIU yuav suav nrog kev pheej hmoo txaus rau kev tsim kho PIU.
cov lus xaus
Ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas cov kis ntawm feem ntau ntawm PIU thiab PIU tau pom tias muaj 19.4% thiab 1.5%, feemCov. Multinomial logistic regression tau qhia tias muaj peev xwm PIU thiab PIU cuam tshuam nrog txiv neej poj niam txiv neej, nrog rau kev siv Is Taws Nem kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv kev sib deev, kev sib tham sib tw ua si, thiab kev sib raug zoo, suav nrog kev sib tham hauv chav thiab email. Cov neeg hluas nrog lub peev xwm PIU muaj qhov yooj yim ntawm qhov qhia tau ntau yam nrog kev coj ua thiab ua teeb meem. Ntxiv mus, cov hluas PIU raug cuam tshuam nrog kev coj ua phem thiab ua teeb meem, nrog rau kev ua tsis zoo rau lub hlwb. Yog li ntawd, tus neeg txiav txim siab ntawm PIU thiab PIU suav nrog nkag mus hauv Is Taws Nem txhawm rau mus rub cov ntaub ntawv kev sib deev, kev ua si, thiab kev sib raug zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, ob leeg muaj peev xwm PIU thiab PIU cuam tshuam tsis zoo nrog kev coj tus cwj pwm thiab kev tsis ncaj ncees ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas.
Kev nyiam kev sib tw
Cov sau phau ntawv tshaj tawm hais tias lawv tsis muaj kev nyiam.
Tus sau phau ntawv sau npe
GK koom tes hauv txoj kev xav thiab kev tsim qauv, nrhiav tau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, thiab cov ntawv sau. EC tau ua qhov kev txheeb xyuas cov ntsiab lus thiab txhais cov ntaub ntawv, thiab koom nrog kev tsim thiab kev hloov kho ntawm cov ntawv sau. MJ tau koom ua ke nyob rau hauv kev coj ua thiab kev rov kho dua ntawm cov ntawv sau. Lub DK tau pab soj ntsuam cov ntaub ntawv sau txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev txawj ntse. AT koom nrog kev kawm tsim thiab ua kom sib haum. Txhua tus neeg sau ntawv tau nyeem thiab pom zoo cov ntawv sau zaum kawg.
Cov keeb kwm luam tawm ua ntej
Cov keeb kwm luam tawm ua ntej rau daim ntawv no tuaj yeem nkag rau ntawm no:
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/11/595/prepub
Acknowledgements
Cov haujlwm tam sim no tau nyiaj los ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Thib Ob ntawm Chav Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Menyuam Kev Kawm, "P. & A. Kyriakou ”Tsev Kho Mob Me Nyuam, ntawm National thiab Kapodistrian University of Athens Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Tshuaj. Lub cev nyiaj tau pab rau txoj kev tshawb no tsim thiab khaws cov ntaub ntawv. Lub peev nyiaj tsis muaj ib qho haujlwm hauv kev txheeb xyuas thiab kev txhais cov ntaub ntawv, tsim cov ntawv sau, thiab / lossis kev txiav txim siab xa cov ntawv tshaj tawm rau kev tshaj tawm.
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