Cov lus txhawb ntxiv: Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntau ntxiv rau "Kev Sib Tham Sib Xws". Hauv qhov kev tshawb fawb no 18% ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv tsev kawm qib siab tau ua cov qauv rau kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Internet. Cov kws sau ntawv tau taw qhia tias Kev sib txuam nrog ua rau muaj ntau qhov kev ntxhov siab, suav nrog kev ntxhov siab, OCD thiab kev nyuaj siab.
J Res Med Soj. 2011 Jun;16(6):793-800.
Txuas Mus Rau Txoj Kev Kawm Tag Nrho
Alavi SS, Maracy MR, Jannatifard F, Eslami M.
Tau qhov twg los
Kev Tswj Xyuas Kev Kho Mob thiab Cov Ntaub Ntawv Kho Mob Cov Kws Qhia Ntawv, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Abstract
KEV THOV:
Kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Is Taws Nem yog ib qho kev sib txuam ua ke thiab nws tau kawm los ntawm cov kev xav sib txawv hais txog ntau yam kev kawm xws li tshuaj, khoos phis tawj, kev sib raug zoo, kev cai lij choj, kev coj ua, thiab lub siab xav. Lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj kev kawm no yog txhawm rau txiav txim siab qhov sib txuam ntawm cov kev puas siab puas ntsws nrog kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Internet thaum tswj rau cov hnub nyoog, tub los ntxhais, kev txij nkawm, thiab qib kev kawm. Nws yog qhov kev xav, tias theem siab ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet yog txuam nrog cov kev mob tshwm sim thiab muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog cov kev xav tsis sib xws-cuam tshuam.
KEV HLOOV:
Hauv kev tshawb fawb hla ntu, tag nrho 250 tus tub ntxhais kawm ntawm Isfahan cov tsev kawm raug xaiv los xaiv. Cov kws kawm ua tiav daim ntawv nug cov lus nug, Cov Kev Ntsig Txog Kev Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Hluas (YDQ) thiab Cov Cim Kev Ntsuam Xyuas-90-Kev Kho Dua (SCL-90-R). Cov ntaub ntawv tau txheeb xyuas siv ntau cov txheej txheem logistic regression.
COV LUS QHIA:
Muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm cov kev mob hlwb xws li somatization, rhiab, kev nyuaj siab, ntxhov siab, kev ntxhov siab, phobias, thiab psychosis tshwj tsis yog paranoia; thiab kuaj mob tiv thaiv kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Internet tswj rau hnub nyoog, poj niam txiv neej, qib kev kawm, kev sib yuav, thiab hom tsev kawm ntawv.
TXHEEJ XWM:
Qhov feem pua ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas hauv cov pej xeem raug kev txom nyem los ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Internet. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov kws kho mob hlwb thiab kws kho mob hlwb kom paub txog cov teeb meem kev mob hlwb los ntawm kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Internet.
Cov Lus Tseem Ceeb: Kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Is Taws Nem, Cov Neeg Siv Is Taws Nem, Kev Mob Lub Siab
Nyob rau kaum xyoo dhau los, feem ntau lub tebchaws tau ntsib nrog cov neeg siv Internet coob ntxiv. Hauv 2009, Iranian Kev Ua Haujlwm Cov Ntaub Ntawv Hauv Is Taws Nem tau qhia tias 32 lab tus tib neeg tau mus online.1 Tus xov tooj no yog taw qhia qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov teeb meem no hauv lub neej ntawm Iranians hnub no. Nrog kev nkag mus tau yooj yim, Internet tau dhau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm peb lub neej.
Social pathologists, kws kho kev puas siab ntsws thiab cov kws paub txog kev kawm paub txog cov kev tsis zoo uas cuam tshuam ntau dhau los ntawm kev siv Is Taws Nem thiab kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub cev thiab kev xav.2-5 Cov neeg uas plam qhov tswj lawv tus kheej hauv lub neej, thiab feem ntau, siv sijhawm ntau dua 38 teev nyob rau vasthib online, raug txiav txim siab tias muaj kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv hauv Is Taws Nem. Kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Is Taws Nem feem ntau yog piav txog kev tswj hwm lub cev tsis cuam tshuam txog kev siv tshuaj muaj yees thiab nws zoo ib yam li kev twv txiaj pathological.4
Kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Is Taws Nem yog qhov teeb meem ntawm cov neeg niaj hnub no thiab ntau txoj kev tshawb fawb tau xav txog qhov teeb meem no. Qhov siv tsis tu ncua siv Is Taws Nem tau nce ntau heev nyob rau xyoo no. Nrog rau tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig hauv Is Taws Nem coj, cov teeb meem ntawm kev siv Is Taws Nem ntau dhau los ua qhov pom tseeb. Kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Is Taws Nem yog ib qho kev sib txuam thiab ntau yam kev kawm xws li tshuaj, khoos phis tawj, kev kaw neeg, kev cai lij choj, kev coj ua thiab kev xav tau soj ntsuam nws los ntawm kev xav sib txawv.6
Cov neeg coob zuj zus tshawb fawb txog kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Is Taws Nem qhia tau hais tias kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Internet yog kev puas hlwb thiab nws cov yam ntxwv yog li hauv qab no: ua siab ntev, tshem tawm cov tsos mob, muaj kev cuam tshuam thiab teeb meem hauv kev sib raug zoo. Kev siv Is Taws Nem ua rau kev mob hlwb, kev sib raug zoo, tsev kawm ntawv thiab / lossis kev ua haujlwm nyuaj nyob hauv tus neeg lub neej.7 Kaum yim feem pua ntawm cov neeg tuaj kawm tau pom tias yog cov siv Internet pathological, uas kev siv Is Taws Nem ntau dhau ua rau kev kawm, kev sib raug zoo, thiab teeb meem siv tsis tau.8 Kev siv ntau hauv Internet yuav tsim kom muaj kev nyuaj siab ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws, ua rau me ntsis pw tsaug zog, tsis ua hauj lwm rau noj ntev, thiab ua ntau yam ua rau lub cev muaj zog, ua rau cov neeg muaj teeb meem ntawm lub cev thiab lub paj hlwb xws li kev nyuaj siab, OCD, tsev neeg tsis sib haum xeeb thiab ntxhov siab vim.4
Teeb meem siv Is Taws Nem tej zaum yuav cuam tshuam nrog kev nyuaj siab ntxhov plawv, ua haujlwm tsis zoo thiab Axis I kev puas siab puas ntsws.9 Ntxiv rau, ntau cov kev tshawb fawb tau tshaj tawm txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Internet thiab cov kev puas siab puas ntsws, xws li kev nyuaj siab, ntxhov siab, kho siab, ua kom tau tus kheej, thiab lwm yam ntawm cov hluas.10-12
Kev ntxhov siab yog qhov feem ntau qhia cov kev mob tshwm sim los ntawm kev siv internet ntau dhau.10,13-15 Txawm li cas los xij, cov qhab-nees hauv Is Taws Nem kev tiv thaiv tsis tau muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev poob siab.16
Ib qho kev tshawb fawb Iranian pom tias ntau tus neeg siv Is Taws Nem xav tias lub luag haujlwm tsawg dua rau lub zej zog thiab ib puag ncig, thiab kev txom nyem ntau dua los ntawm kev sib cais. Lawv ib txwm xav tias ua tsis tiav ntawm lawv txoj kev kawm thiab kev ua haujlwm, thiab lawv tsis muaj kev sib raug zoo thiab muaj kev ntseeg tus kheej qis.6
Txawm hais tias muaj ntau tus kws tshawb nrhiav tshawb fawb txog kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Internet thiab cov kev puas siab puas ntsws xws li kev nyuaj siab, muaj ob peb txoj kev tshawb fawb uas tsom mus rau kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov kev puas siab puas ntsws xws li somatization, kev mob hlwb thiab kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Internet. Cov kev tshawb nrhiav yav dhau los yog qhov tsis sib xws thiab lawv qhov kev tshawb pom tau txwv tsawg heev.17
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los txheeb xyuas tus qauv siv hauv Is Taws Nem, tshuaj xyuas kev sib txuas ntawm kev quav yeeb tshuaj hauv Internet thiab cov kev puas siab puas ntsws thiab tshawb txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub hlwb kev quav yeeb tshuaj. Lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj kev kawm no yog txhawm rau txiav txim siab qhov sib txuam ntawm cov kev puas siab puas ntsws nrog kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Internet los ntawm kev tswj hwm rau cov tshwm sim ntawm cov neeg txawv xws li hnub nyoog, poj niam txiv neej, kev txij nkawm, thiab qib kev kawm. Nws yog qhov kev xav tias qhov siab ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet yog txuam nrog cov kev mob tshwm sim thiab muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog cov kev xav tau qhov sib txawv (OCD) cov tsos mob.
txoj kev
Tus qauv duab ntoo khaub lig-kab lus raug siv hauv qhov kev kawm no. Raws li cov qauv sau ua piv txwv, tag nrho cov 250 cov tub ntxhais kawm raug xaiv los ntawm plaub lub tebchaws xws li Isfahan University, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University thiab Isfahan University of Technology. Cov neeg koom nrog yog cov tub ntxhais kawm uas tau siv Is Taws Nem tsawg kawg ib zaug ib lim tiam rau 6 lub hlis dhau los ntawm lawv lub tsev, tsev kawm ntawv, tsev qiv ntawv, kas fes, lossis lwm qhov chaw muaj txheeb ze.
Txhawm rau ntsuas cov theem ntawm kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Internet, peb tau siv qhov tseeb thiab muaj kev ntseeg ruaj khov Persian ntawm Young Diagnostic Questionnaire (YDQ), Cov Hluas Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob (IAT), thiab tseem tau sib tham raws li DSM-IV-TR cov txheej txheem rau kev tswj tsis tau tus kheej. (ICD) thiab tsis sau lwm yam (NOS).
YDQ uas muaj yim 'yog' lossis 'tsis muaj' cov lus nug tau muab txhais rau Farsi. Nws suav nrog cov lus nug uas tau koom nrog cov hauv qab no ntawm kev quav tshuaj: muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog Is Taws Nem, kev zam (qhov yuav tsum tau siv sijhawm ntau ntxiv hauv Is Taws Nem kom ua tiav kev txaus siab), tsis muaj peev xwm txiav rov qab los yog txiav siv Internet, siv sijhawm ntau hauv online dua li npaj , muaj tej yam tsis zoo tshwm sim hauv kev sib raug zoo, kev kawm lossis ua haujlwm ntawm lub neej, dag kom zais qhov tseeb ntawm kev siv Is Taws Nem, lossis siv Is Taws Nem ua kev khiav tawm ntawm cov teeb meem. Cov ntawv raug txiav txim siab "quav" thaum teb "yog" rau tsib lossis ntau dua ntawm cov lus nug nyob rau 6-lub hlis. Cov neeg teb uas tau teb 'yog' rau cov lus nug 1 txog 5 thiab tsawg kawg ib ntawm peb nqe lus nug tseem raug cais raws li kev txom nyem los ntawm kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Internet. Txoj kev sib cais-ib nrab ntawm YDQ yog 0.729 thiab Cronbach's alpha yog 0.713.18 Peb xaiv qhov hloov kho YDQ los ntawm Dais los ua yim qhov tsos mob ntawm YDQ txhawm rau tshuaj xyuas kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Internet.7 Hauv peb txoj kev tshawb nrhiav, nws tau Cronbach lub alpha kev cia siab ntawm 0.71 thiab P-tus nqi ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam-rov kuaj dua tom qab 2 lub lis piam yog 0.82.19
IAT yog 20-cov khoom qhia txog tus kheej nrog 5-qhov teev, raws li DSM-IV kuaj mob rau kev twv txiaj thiab kev haus dej haus cawv. Nws suav nrog cov lus nug uas cuam tshuam txog kev coj tus cwj pwm ntawm kev quav ib txwm. IAT muaj cov hauv qab no: kev xav paub tus cwj pwm cuam tshuam nrog Is Taws Nem lossis sib tham, tshem tawm cov tsos mob, kam rau ua, tsev kawm ntawv ua tsis tiav, tsis saib xyuas tsev neeg thiab tsev kawm ntawv lub neej, teeb meem kev sib raug zoo, teeb meem cwj pwm, teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv, thiab teeb meem kev xav. Qhov hnyav ntawm cov neeg quav tawm tom qab tau faib raws li cov lus pom zoo 20-49, 50-79, thiab 80-100 cov qhab nia zoo li qub, nruab nrab, thiab hnyav, ua ntu zus.20 Hauv qhov kev tshawb nrhiav tam sim no, peb tau siv Persian version ntawm IAT uas muaj Cronbach kev ntseeg siab alpha ntawm 0.89 thiab P-tus nqi ntawm kev sim-rov kuaj dua tom qab 2 lub lis piam yog 0.68.21
Daim Ntawv Teev Cov Khoom Uas Tshawb Xyuas-90-Kev Kho Dua (SCL-90-R) yog ntau daim ntawv qhia tus kheej cov khoom muaj pov thawj, tsim los ntawm Derogatis li al., Thiab nws tau los ntawm Iranian txheem version.22 tau siv nyob rau hauv txoj kev kawm no. SCL-90-R suav nrog 90 cov lus nug nyob rau hauv tag nrho, uas tau muab faib ua cuaj qhov tsos mob: somatization, obsessive-compulsive, kev nkag siab ntawm tus kheej, kev nyuaj siab, ntxhov siab, kev ua siab ntev, kev txhawj xeeb, kev xav thiab kev xav ntawm lub hlwb. Txhua nqe lus nug muaj ib ntawm cov kev puas siab puas ntsws uas suav nrog Likert spectrum los ntawm '1 = tsis muaj teeb meem' rau '5 = mob nyhav' los piav qhov ntau ntawm cov tsos mob uas lawv tau ntsib hauv 2 lub lis piam dhau los. Lub cuaj qhov tsos mob tau muab faib ua peb qhov ntsuas thoob ntiaj teb xws li "qhov ua cim hnyav thoob ntiaj teb" sawv cev rau qhov txawv lossis qhov tob ntawm cov kev puas siab ntsws tam sim no, "cov tsos mob zoo tag nrho" sawv cev rau cov lus nug tau teev saum toj 1 taw tes, thiab "Cov tsos mob zoo" sawv cev qhov siv ntawm cov tsos mob. Hauv qhov kev tshawb fawb no, qhov Iranian version ntawm SCL-90-R muaj Cronbach lub alpha kev cia siab ntawm 0.95 thiab kev sib cais-ib nrab yog 0.88.
Xam phaj tau xam raws DSM-IV-TR cov txheej txheem rau qhov tswj kav tsis ncaj (ICD) tsis muaj teev (NOS). Lawv tau ua los ntawm tus kws kho hlwb (psychiatrist) uas tau kawm txog ICD (kev kuaj mob thiab kho mob) tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Internet.
Cov ntaub ntawv tau txheeb xyuas siv cov Pob Ntawv Xov Xwm rau Social Sciences (SPSS) version 18.0. Cov ntawv piav qhia tau raug siv los qhia txog cov tib neeg thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev puas siab ntsws raws li cov ntaub ntawv. Cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv Internet tau txiav txim siab siv ntau cov kev soj ntsuam ntsuas cov ntsuas tshiab.
tau
Ob puas thiab tsib caug tus tub ntxhais kawm tau koom hauv txoj kev kawm no ib ntu. Lawv lub hnub nyoog nyob ntawm 19 txog 30 xyoo nrog qhov nruab nrab ntawm 22.5 ± 2.6 xyoo (txhais tau tias ± SD). Tawm ntawm lawv 155 (62%) yog txiv neej; 223 (89.2%) tseem tsis tau muaj txij nkawm thiab 202 (80.8%) tseem kawm qib siab. Cov hnub nruab nrab nruab nrab ntawm cov hnub thiab cov sijhawm siv hauv Is Taws Nem yog 2.1 ± 1.1 thiab 2.2 ± 1.1, ua ntu zus. rooj 1 saib lub peev xwm qee qhov ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm raws li lawv kev kuaj pom ntawm kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Is Taws Nem.
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Qee tus cwj pwm ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm raws li kev txheeb xyuas kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Is Taws Nem
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Cov kev puas siab puas ntsws xws li somatization, rhiab, kev nyuaj siab, ntxhov siab, kev ntxhov siab, phobias, mob hlwb tshwj tsis yog tias cuam tshuam nrog kev paub txog kev tiv thaiv kev quav yeeb tshuaj hauv Internet tswj rau lub hnub nyoog, pw ua ke, qib kev kawm, kev txij nkawm, thiab hom tsev kawm. rooj 2 piav qhia qhov txawv txav npaum li cas ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm tag nrho cuaj tus cwj pwm mob hlwb raws li LOS SIS (95% CI).
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Koom haum ntawm cov kev puas siab puas ntsws mob hlwb nrog kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Is Taws Nem (kev tshwm sim ntawm ntau lub caij phav phav)
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kev sib tham
Raws li peb txoj kev tshawb pom, cov tub ntxhais kawm txiv neej nyiam siv Is Taws Nem ntau dua li poj niam. Txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev quav yeeb quav cawv hauv cov txiv neej yog txog 3 lub sijhawm ntau dua li cov poj niam. Txawm li cas los xij tsis muaj lub txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua txij nkawm hauv Is Taws Nem kev tiv thaiv. Qee qhov kev tshawb fawb ntxiv tau tshaj tawm tias cov txiv neej tsis tau sib yuav muaj lub siab nyiam siv Is Taws Nem thiab muaj kev pheej hmoo ntau ntxiv rau kev siv Internet ntxiv.14,23-27
Txawm hais tias ntawm cov kev tshawb pom no, qee qhov kev tshawb fawb pom tsis muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm poj niam txiv neej thiab kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Internet,28-29 tab sis Young pom tias muaj pes tsawg tus poj niam yuav tsum vam khom nyob hauv Is Taws Nem.4 Cov kev sib txawv hauv qhov kev tshawb pom no yuav tshwm sim los ntawm qhov kev sib txawv hauv kev siv Is Taws Nem.
Peb tau pom tias cov neeg quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Is Taws Nem muaj ntau yam kev sib koom tes sib puas siab puas ntsws. Nws txhais tau tias kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Internet nqa nrog nws ntau yam kev puas siab ntsws ntawm cov kev puas siab puas ntsws, uas qhia tau tias kev quav tshuaj muaj feem cuam tshuam rau kev puas siab puas ntsws ntawm cov hluas. Cov kev tshawb pom no zoo sib xws nrog lwm cov kev tshawb fawb thiab txhawb nqa cov kev tshawb pom yav dhau los.30-31
Ntau cov kev tshawb fawb xaus lus tias kev txhawj xeeb nrog kev siv Is Taws Nem yuav ua rau muaj teeb meem kev xav; Cov neeg quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Is Taws Nem muaj cov teeb meem mob hlwb thiab mob hlwb, xws li kev ntxhov siab, ntxhov siab thiab tsis muaj tus kheej. Nathan li al. tau hais tias qhov muaj teeb meem rau kev siv Is Taws Nem tej zaum yuav cuam tshuam nrog kev ntxhov siab, ua tsis tau zoo thiab Axis I kev puas siab puas ntsws, thiab txog 86% ntawm IAD kuj tseem tau nthuav tawm nrog qee qhov kev soj ntsuam DSM-IV.9,32 Cov tsos mob uas tsis xav paub yog qhov muaj feem cuam tshuam ntau yam rau cov poj niam txiv neej sib txuas hauv Is Taws Nem.33
Whang li al. pom qhov sib cuam tshuam tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib txuam ntawm kev siv Internet thiab cov kev xav tsis zoo xws li kev kho siab, kev nyuaj siab, thiab kev coj cwj pwm.16 Ha li al. pom tau tias kev quav yeeb quav cawv hauv Internet tau cuam tshuam nrog kev mob siab ntsws thiab tsis pom qhov xav tau.12 van den Eijnden li al. tau tshaj tawm tias kev xa xov tam sim ntawd siv thiab sib tham hauv chav sib tham muaj qhov cuam tshuam zoo rau kev siv internet sab nrauv tom qab 6 lub hlis.34
Yen li al. tau tshaj tawm tias kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Internet tau cuam tshuam nrog cov tsos mob ntawm ADHD thiab muaj kev nyuaj siab. Txawm li cas los xij, kev ua yeeb ncuab tau cuam tshuam nrog kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Internet tsuas yog hauv cov txiv neej, thiab tsuas yog ADHD siab dua thiab cov tsos mob tsis txaus siab tau cuam tshuam nrog kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Internet rau cov tub ntxhais kawm. Ib qho kev sib txuas ntawm kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Internet thiab kev nyuaj siab tau pom nyob hauv ob tus poj niam txiv neej.13 Lwm qhov kev tshawb fawb tau tshaj tawm tias muaj qhov cuam tshuam zoo rau qhov sib txawv ntawm kev siv ntau hauv Is Taws Nem thiab cov kev xav tsis zoo (xws li ntxhov siab, kev ntxhov siab thiab nkees).35-36
Cov kev tshawb pom no qhia tias kev siv Is Taws Nem tej zaum yuav muab qhov chaw ib puag ncig rau cov tib neeg kom dim ntawm kev ntxhov siab nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb tiag. Nws tseem qhia ntxiv tias cov neeg no ib txwm coj tau hloov zuj zus rau kev coj tus cwj pwm phem thiab muaj kev phom sij ntau dua lwm tus. Tab sis qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev sib cav (kev sib cav) thiab kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Internet xav tau kev txheeb xyuas ntxiv rau yav tom ntej thiab kev tshawb fawb ntev. Txawm hais tias qhov kev tshawb pom no, qee cov kev tshawb fawb tsis cuam tshuam txog kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Internet rau kev nyuaj siab, kev ntxhov siab hauv zej zog, thiab kev ntxhov siab.17,37-38
Raws li cov kev tshawb fawb tau hais dhau los, nws nyuaj rau kos qhov xaus tias kev siv Is Taws Nem ntau dhau los ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau cov neeg quav yeeb lub neej; tsuas yog ib qho kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev kawm, kev ua haujlwm tau zoo, kev coj ua txhua hnub, thiab lub paj hlwb thiab lwm yam. Ntxiv rau, nws tsis paub meej tias kev siv Is Taws Nem ntau dhau los yog qhov ua rau lossis qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov teeb meem kev xav.
Cov kev tshawb pom ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntau dhau ntawm kev siv Is Taws Nem nyob rau ntawm cov neeg quav yeeb quav tshuaj puas siab ntsws xav tsis tag. Tab sis zoo rau nws, qhov kev noj qab haus huv ntawm kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Internet yog qhov pheej hmoo ntau dua li cov neeg siv ib txwm muaj.
Nws yog qhov xav tau los tshawb txog cov ntsiab lus sib txawv ntawm cov pej xeem los txhim kho qhov sib piv ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm. Cov kev tshawb nrhiav yav tom ntej yuav tsum tsom mus rau lub luag haujlwm uas yuam kev siv Is Taws Nem kev ua rau kev txhim kho kev puas siab puas ntsws xws li kev nyuaj siab lossis kev xav tsis tau-siv tsis tau. Txij li nws tseem tsis tau tau tsim seb puas muaj cov kev puas siab puas ntsws yog vim li cas los yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Internet, cov kws tshawb nrhiav yuav tsum ua kev tshawb fawb ntev ntev hauv Is Taws Nem thiab nws cov neeg siv.
Cov kev txwv
Ua ntej, peb cov txiaj ntsig tsis tau qhia meej meej tias cov yam ntxwv puas siab ntsws hauv qhov kev kawm no ua ntej kev nthuav dav ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv Is Taws Nem los yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev siv Is Taws Nem. Thib ob, cov ntaub ntawv tau khaws cia hauv lub sijhawm luv luv thiab cov lus nug YDQ, IAT thiab S-CL-90 muaj lawv cov kev txwv. Cov txheej txheem rau xaiv cov qauv tsis tso cai rau peb los ntsuas qhov tshwm sim rau cov pej xeem tsis nyob hauv tsev kawm qib siab.
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, peb tsis muaj peev xwm tswj hwm lossis ntsuas lub sijhawm uas cov tib neeg tau siv Is Taws Nem ntau dhau, yog li tsis paub yuav ua li cas siv Internet ntau dhau sijhawm nyob rau ncua sijhawm yuav cuam tshuam rau tus neeg lub hlwb thiab lub cev kev noj qab nyob zoo.
xaus
Nrog rau cov txiaj ntsig ntawm txoj kev kawm no, qhov tshwm sim no yuav tsum raug suav hais tias yog qhov teeb meem kev mob hlwb uas cuam tshuam rau cov tub ntxhais hluas uas xav tias yuav txhim kho lub neej tom ntej. Kev siv Is Taws Nem kom raug yog yuav tsum qhia thiab thaum kawg hloov rau kev siv tsis dhau los ntawm kev kawm tsim nyog hauv tsev, tsev kawm thiab tsev kawm.
Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov kws kho mob hlwb thiab kws kho mob hlwb uas ua hauv thaj chaw ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws, kom paub txog cov teeb meem kev mob hlwb los ntawm kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Internet xws li kev ntxhov siab, kev ntxhov siab, kev ua phem, kev ua haujlwm thiab kev tsis txaus siab. Lawv kuj yuav tsum paub txog qhov tshwm sim no zuj zus thiab lub luag haujlwm uas lub siab ntsws xav tau hauv kev siv Internet thiab kev tsim txom.
Cov teeb meem tshwm sim los ntawm kev siv Is Taws Nem pom tias nws tsim nyog los txhim kho cov kab lis kev cai ntawm kev siv Is Taws Nem hauv zej zog thiab cov tsev neeg siv kev kawm tsim nyog.
Cov Kws Sau Ntawv Koom Tes
SSA pab txhawb rau kev tsim qauv, coj mus kuaj xyuas, hom, thiab kev sib tham ntawm daim ntawv. MRM tau pab tsim qauv, qauv, tshwm sim, thiab kev sib tham ntawm daim ntawv. FJ tau pab nyiaj faib khoom thiab cais tawm ntawm cov lus nug. ME pab nrog muab tham kom tau nrog cov tub ntxhais kawm ib nrab lus. Txhua tus kws sau ntawv tau nyeem thiab pom zoo cov ntsiab lus ntawm daim ntawv sau.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Txoj kev tshawb no tau txais kev pab ib feem los ntawm Isfahan University of Medical Sciences thiab Health Services.
Tshooj ntawv
Kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm cov kev txaus siab Cov kws sau ntawv tsis muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb.
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