Kev Tiv Thaiv ntawm Kev Tiv Thaiv Txog Kev Tiv Thaiv Tus Kheej hauv Internet nrog Kev Ntxhov Siab Tiv Thaiv: Cov Kev Kho Mob thiab Kev Ua Ntej Ua Ntej Ua Ntej Nrog Tom Qab Cov Tshuaj Phaum Mob thiab Kev Kho Tus Cwj Pwm Hloov Kho (2016)

LINK TO TAG NRHO COV KEV KAWM NTAWV

1Lub chaw kuaj kev ntshai thiab kev ua pa, Lub Tsev Kawm Txog Kev Puas Siab puas ntsws ntawm Tsoom Fwv Tebchaws University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB / UFRJ), Tsoom Fwv Tebchaws University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2Lub koom haum ntawm Lej thiab Txheeb Xyuas, Feem Txheeb Xyuas Kev Txheeb Xyuas, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

* cov sau phau ntawv no tau ua kom sib npaug

Tus sau Tus Sau:

Veruska Andrea Santos, MSc

Lub chaw kuaj kev ntshai thiab kev ua pa, Lub koom haum txog kev puas siab puas ntsws (IPUB)

Tsoom Fwv Tebchaws University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)

Av Venceslau Bras, 71 - Botafogo

Rio de Janeiro, 22290-140

Brazil

Xov tooj: 55 2122952549

Fax: 55 2125433101

Email: veruskaasantos [ntawm] gmail.com

 

 

SUB SIB THAM

Cov Keeb Kwm Tom Qab: Txoj kev loj hlob hauv Is Taws Nem tau coj mus rau qhov kev hloov pauv loj thiab tau dhau los ua ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm lub neej niaj hnub. Nws tau ua lub neej yooj yim dua thiab muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo; txawm li cas los xij, kev siv ntau dhau tau ua rau lub peev xwm ntawm kev quav, ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev hauv kev sib raug zoo, kev kawm, nyiaj txiag, kev xav thiab ua haujlwm. Cov tib neeg quav dej quav cawv hauv Is Taws Nem feem ntau muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws comorbid. Panic tsis meej (PD) thiab kev txhawj xeeb dav dav (GAD) yog cov kev puas siab puas ntsws ntau heev, cuam tshuam ntau yam kev puas tsuaj hauv tus neeg mob lub neej.

Lub Hom Phiaj: Qhov kev kawm qhib no piav qhia txog kev kho mob ntawm cov neeg mob 39 uas muaj kev ntxhov siab thiab kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Is Taws Nem (IA) uas muaj kev txuam nrog kev kho mob thiab kev kho kom paub txog kev coj tus cwj pwm (CBT).

Cov hau kev: Ntawm 39 cov neeg mob, 25 tau kuaj pom PD thiab 14 nrog GAD, ntxiv rau kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Internet. Ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam, cov neeg mob tau teb rau MINI 5.0, Hamilton Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Qhov Ntsuas Txheeb, Hamilton Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Kev Ntshai Ntaus Txhaum, Cov Kab Mob Thoob Ntiaj Teb Kev Ntsuam Xyuas, thiab Cov Hluas Hluav Taws Xob hauv Is Taws Nem. Lub sijhawm ntawd, IA tau raug saib xyuas mus rau hauv kev xam txog IAT nplai (qhov qhab nia txiav siab dua 50), thaum kev ntxhov siab ntxhov siab tau pom los ntawm tus kws kho mob hlwb. Cov neeg mob tau xa mus rau kev kho mob tshuaj thiab ib qho CBT uas tau hloov kho. Kev kho mob hlwb tau ua ib leeg zuj zus, ib zaug ib asthiv, dhau sijhawm 10 lub limtiam, thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias kev kho mob tau ua haujlwm rau kev ntxhov siab thiab kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Internet.

Qhov tshwm sim: Ua ntej kev kho mob, qhov kev xav ntawm qib ntxhov siab pom tias muaj kev kub ntxhov hnyav, nrog qhov qhab nia nruab nrab ntawm 34.26 (SD 6.13); txawm li cas los xij, tom qab kev kho mob cov qhab nia nruab nrab yog 15.03 (SD 3.88) (P<.001). Kev txhim kho tseem ceeb hauv kev txhais tau tias cov neeg quav yeeb quav cawv hauv Internet tau pom, los ntawm 67.67 (SD 7.69) ua ntej kev kho mob, qhia pom qhov muaj teeb meem kev siv internet, mus rau 37.56 (SD 9.32) tom qab kev kho mob (P<.001), qhia txog nruab nrab ntawm kev siv Is Taws Nem. Nrog rau kev sib raug zoo ntawm IA thiab kev ntxhov siab, qhov sib txheeb ntawm cov qhab nia yog .724.

Cov lus xaus: Txoj kev tshawb nrhiav no yog thawj qhov kev tshawb fawb rau IA kev kho mob ntawm cov neeg Brazilian. Txoj kev txhim kho tau zoo tshaj plaws vim yog kev koom tes ua tiav ntawm cov neeg mob hauv kev kho, uas ua rau muaj kev vam meej ntawm kev kho mob los ntawm kev coj cwj pwm, thiab muab cov neeg mob siab rau kev tswj hwm txuas ntxiv siv Internet hauv lawv lub neej.

JMIR Res Protoc 2016; 5 (1): e46

doi: 10.2196 / resprot.5278

Introduction

 

 

Tom qab

Kev nthuav dav zuj zus sai ntawm Is Taws Nem thiab kev sib koom ua ke rau hauv lub neej niaj hnub tau ua rau cov kev hloov pauv mus deb ntawm peb lub neej ib hnub dhau ib hnub. Is Taws Nem muab tau cov txiaj ntsig zoo; txawm li cas los xij, kev siv ntau dhau los tau ua rau qhov tshwm sim rau kev muaj yees thiab ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv kev sib raug zoo, kev kawm, nyiaj txiag, kev xav thiab ua haujlwm. Kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Is Taws Nem (IA) yog txhais tias tsis muaj peev xwm tswj hwm kev siv Is Taws Nem, uas ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab, siv sijhawm, lossis ua rau muaj teeb meem kev sib raug zoo, muaj teeb meem ntawm hauj lwm, lossis nyiaj txiag tsis txaus [1]. Kev puas siab puas ntsws zoo li kev kho siab, kev ntseeg tus kheej qis, kev muaj peev xwm tiv tsis taus, kev ntxhov siab, kev ntxhov siab thiab kev ntxhov siab kuj tseem muaj [2-4]. Tus cwj pwm nruj kuj tseem tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog kev siv Internet ntau dhau [5].

IA tsis yog lees paub qhov tsis meej nyob hauv kev kuaj mob thiab Daim Ntawv Qhia Txog Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Puas Hlwb (DSM-5) [6], thiab tsis muaj kev pom zoo ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas tus mob; txawm li cas los xij, qee cov kws tshawb nrhiav hais txog cov yam ntxwv xws li kev ua siab ntev, hloov kho lub siab, siab ntev, thim rov qab, kev tsis sib haum xeeb, thiab rov huam mob dua, sib cav tias kev muaj yees sib faib cov ntsiab ntawm cov txheej txheem kev faib tawm [7]. Lwm yam kev siv los soj ntsuam raws li cov qauv raug hloov kho rau kev twv txiaj pathological suav nrog cov hauv qab no: kev xav ntau dhau nrog Is Taws Nem; qhov xav tau siv Is Taws Nem nyob rau ncua sijhawm ntau ntxiv; ua tsis tau zoo kev tswj hwm kev siv Is Taws Nem; zoo nkaus li nyob tsis tswm, npau taws, nyuaj siab, los sis chim siab thaum sim txiav tawm siv Is Taws Nem; nyob online ntev tshaj li qhov tau npaj tseg thaum ntxov; xiam kev sib raug zoo, txoj haujlwm, lossis kev kawm; dag rau lwm tus kom zais qhov feem ntawm kev koom tes nrog Is Taws Nem; thiab siv Is Taws Nem kom khiav tawm ntawm cov teeb meem los sis daws qhov tsis hnov ​​qab. Nws suav hais tias yog kev muaj yees thaum 5 lossis ntau tus txheej txheem muaj nyob hauv 6-lub hlis [8,9].

Muab hais tias tsis muaj cov txheej txheem kev kuaj mob tseeb, cov kws tshawb fawb tau siv ntau yam cuab yeej los ntsuas IA, thiab cov nqi thoob ntiaj teb sib txawv heev. Cov lus nug siv tshaj plaws yog cov hauv qab no: Cov Hluas Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob Internet (IAT) [10], Kev Tsim Txoj Kev Siv Is Taws Nem Hauv Internet (CIUS) [11], Tshaj Siv Internet Nplai (EIU) [12], Cov Lus Nug Siv Teeb Meem Siv Internet (PIUQ) [13], Tus Chen Uas Siv Internet Nplai (CIAS) [14], Qhov Cuam Tshuam (Index Add Profile Profile) Kev Tshawb Fawb Cov Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Cov Ntsuas Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv (BAPINT-SV) [15], Is Taws Nem Kev Quav Yeeb Yooj Yim Txhaum (KS scale) [16], thiab Young cov lus nug txog kev kuaj mob (YDQ) [8]. Raws li, qhov feem pua ​​nthuav dav thoob ntiaj teb ntawm IA sib txawv ntau thiab ntau, kwv yees li, los ntawm 1.0% rau 18.7% [17].

Kev ntxhov siab vim yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev ntshai thiab txhawj xeeb thiab cuam tshuam nrog kev coj tus cwj pwm. Cov tsos mob no ua rau muaj kev txhawj xeeb tseem ceeb hauv kev sib raug zoo, kev ua haujlwm, lossis lwm yam haujlwm. Panic tsis meej (PD) cuam tshuam nrog kev rov ua poob siab poob ntus uas tau pom los ntawm kev ntshai sai sai uas ncav cuag lub ncov hauv feeb, nrog cov kev mob ntawm lub cev thiab lub ntsej muag zoo li palpitations, tawm hws, mob hauv siab, ntshai tsam poob tswj, ntshai tuag, tshee hnyo, thiab xeev siab. General ntxhov siab tsis meej (GAD) cuam tshuam nrog kev txhawj xeeb ntau dhau thiab txhawj xeeb txog cov haujlwm txhua hnub uas tus neeg mob pom tias nyuaj rau kev tswj hwm thiab muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev qaug zog yooj yim, kev npau taws, mob leeg, pw tsaug zog, cuam tshuam kev pw tsaug zog, nyuaj mloog, thiab nyob tsis tswm [6].

Cov neeg muaj ntau yam kev vam khom xws li cawv, luam yeeb, tshuaj, khoom noj, thiab kev sib deev muaj kev pheej hmoo siab ntawm kev tsim IA, vim tias lawv tau kawm los cuam tshuam nrog kev ntxhov siab thiab teeb meem los ntawm kev coj cwj pwm [18]. Cov tib neeg nrog IA feem ntau muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws comorbid thiab lub koom haum no ua rau kev siv Is Taws Nem tsis zoo; txoj kev sib raug zoo ntawm IA thiab ntau txoj kev puas siab puas ntsws yog qhov tseem ceeb thiab tau ua rau muaj kev txaus siab rau txoj kev kawm. Cov kws tshawb nrhiav tau txuas IA nrog kev nyuaj siab [19,20-22], mloog tsis txaus siab thiab lub siab xav ua haujlwm [23-25], kev ntxhov siab dav dav thiab kev ntxhov siab ntawm tib neeg [23,26-28], dysthymia [26kev quav cawv, quav cawv29], noj tsis meej noj [30], muaj qhov tsis txaus siab sib xws ntawm tus kheej, kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm tus kheej thiab kev tiv thaiv tus kheej tsis zoo [26], thiab pw tsis tsaug zog [31]. Qee cov kws tshawb nrhiav tau tawm tswv yim tias IA tuaj yeem yog cov tsos mob ntawm lwm qhov kev kuaj mob xws li ntxhov siab lossis mob siab thiab tsis yog kev sib cais [4,32], thiab tau sib piv IA rau kev tswj hwm lub cev tsis zoo [2,33-35]; txawm li cas los xij, lwm tus tau sib cav tias IA yuav tsum kuaj pom tias yog tus kabmob thawj [10,36].

Cov kev tso dag no tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev kho IA, uas yuav tsum hais txog cov kev mob hlwb thiab kho kev siv Internet tsis raug cai [19]. Cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tias IA ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj hauv kev sib raug zoo, lub cev, thiab lub hlwb ntawm lub neej, ua rau muaj haujlwm poob, sib nrauj, tsev neeg tsis sib haum xeeb, cais tawm hauv zej zog, kawm tsis tiav, raug tso tseg lossis raug ntiab tawm tsev kawm ntawv [37,38], pw tsis tsaug zog, mob nqaij pob txha, mob taub hau, mob taub hau, tsis muaj noj haus, nkees, thiab qhov muag plooj [31] thiab qhov tsis pom kev zoo ib yam li kev tsis saib xyuas, kev nyuaj nyuaj, kev ncua sijhawm, thiab kev ua tsis tiav [39,40].

kev kho mob

Qee cov chaw muag tshuaj [41,42] thiab kws kho mob hlwb [4,18,43-46] kev kho mob tau npaj siab thiab pom zoo rau IA ob qho tib si nyias thiab ua ke [47]. Cov kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj sib txawv thiab IA tuaj yeem sib koom tib lub neurobiological mechanism, yog li hauv qhov kev txiav txim siab no, kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv kev coj ua yuav pab tau lwm qhov tos [3]. Cov tshuaj xws li escitalopram [48], citalopram [49], bupropion [41,50], olanzapine [51], quetiapine [52], naltrexone [53], methylphenidate [54], thiab memantine [55] tau siv tag nrho los kho IA.

Kev txawj ntse-kev coj tus cwj pwm (CBT) tau pom tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev kho IA thiab tau qhia rau ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb [18,43,56-58]. CBT qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm txoj kev xav, kev xav, thiab tus cwj pwm, thiab qhia cov neeg mob kom them nyiaj rau cov no thiab npaj los txheeb xyuas tus cwj pwm sib txuas los ntawm kev xav thiab kev xav. CBT kws kho mob hlwb qhia kho kom zoo nkauj, thiab txhawb kev ua raws li kev kho mob, hloov tus cwj pwm, thiab tiv thaiv kom rov mob huam tuaj58]. Raws li kev kho mob rau IA, qee cov kws tshawb nrhiav tau pom zoo ib txwm CBT [43,44,59-62], CBT thiab kev ntuas [63], CBT nrog electroacupuncture (EA) [64,65], CBT thiab kev sib tham sab laj (MI) [66], CBT thiab tshuaj [59,61,67], kev txawj xav lossis kev coj cwj pwm [68], thiab CBT tau hloov kho txoj haujlwm muaj lub npe luv-luv kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet thiab khoos phis tawj (STICA) nrog kev cuam tshuam ntawm tus kheej thiab pab pawg [44].

Pab pawg kho mob hlwb thiab pw hauv tsev kho mob kom kho kom huv yog cov qauv kev kho mob rau IA [5]; ntxiv rau, ntau txoj hauv kev siv CBT, kho mob hlwb nrog tsev neeg, kev kho ntawm comorbidities, tshuaj kho mob, thiab pw hauv tsev kho mob kuj pom zoo [69].

Yog li no, lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev kawm no yog txhawm rau ntsuas qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev kho rau PD lossis GAD thiab IA uas muaj kev txuam nrog cov tshuaj kho thiab kho CBT. Ib lub hom phiaj thib ob yog tsim cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb soj ntsuam los txhim kho qhov kev lees paub ntawm IA yog kev coj tus cwj pwm thiab paub qhov tseeb ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev ntxhov siab thiab IA.

txoj kev

Cov txheej txheem suav nrog yog suav cov nram qab no: (1) cov neeg mob nyob nruab nrab ntawm 18 thiab 65 xyoo nrog IA; (2) kev kuaj mob PD lossis GAD los ntawm Mini International Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Kev Puas Siab Ntsuam (MINI), thiab paub tseeb los ntawm tus kws kho mob hlwb; (3) mus koom thiab ua tiav kev xam phaj thawj zaug; thiab (4) muaj kev nkag siab txaus los nkag siab cov lus qhia. Cov neeg mob uas tsis paub nyeem lossis sau ntawv, lossis muaj Axis II pathology [6], raug tshem tawm.

Cov kev tshawb fawb no tau pom zoo los ntawm Pawg Txheej Txheem Tseem Ceeb ntawm Tsoom Fwv Tebchaws University of Rio de Janeiro, CAAE 2704531460000526. Txhua tus neeg mob tau kos npe rau daim ntawv pom zoo thiab tau koom nrog Lub chaw kuaj ntawm Panic thiab Kev Xav Dua ntawm Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Kev Puas Hlwb ntawm Tsoom Fwv Tebchaws University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB / UFRJ).

Txhua tus neeg mob tau nrhiav kev kho rau cov tsos mob ntxhov siab. Ntawm kev ntsuas, lawv tau teb rau cov nplai hauv qab no: MINI 5.0 [70], Hamilton Ntxhov Ntsuas Qhov Ntsuas Qhov Ntsuas (HAM-A) [71], Hamilton Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Siab Teev (HDRS) [72], Soj ntsuam ntiaj teb kev nyiam tshaj tawm (CGI) [73], thiab Kuaj Xyuas Kev Tshawb Pom Siv Hluav Taws Xob hauv Is Taws Nem (IAT) [10]. IA raug tshuaj xyuas los ntawm IAT (cov qhab nia saum toj 50), thaum kev ntxhov siab ntxhov siab tau raug kuaj los ntawm tus kws kho mob hlwb. Cov neeg mob tau raug caw tuaj koom txoj kev kawm no thiab tau xa mus ua tus kws kho mob tshuaj thiab tau kho CBT raws tu qauv.

Cov neeg mob tau soj ntsuam los ntawm tus kws kho mob hlwb thaum pib kho mob, raug tso cai rau cov tshuaj kho mob los ntawm tus kws kho mob hlwb thaum kho, thiab nrog tus kws kho mob hlwb thoob plaws kev kho mob.

Txhua tus neeg mob 39 tau txais kev kho mob hlwb (hloov CBT), uas tau ua ib hlis ib zaug rau 10 lub lis piam. Lub hom phiaj yog qhia cov neeg mob kom paub tswj cov kev ntxhov siab tsis tas yuav siv Is Taws Nem, thiab txhawb kev siv internet kom paub meej. Kev kho mob hlwb tau ua raws li 4 theem: kev mob hlwb txog kev ntxhov siab thiab kev siv Is Taws Nem, kev rov nkag siab, kev hloov kho tus cwj pwm, thiab kev tiv thaiv kom rov zoo (rooj 1).

 

  

‎
Rooj 1. Nqe lus piav txog kev kho mob hlwb.
Saib cov lus qhia

 

Thawj theem kev kho mob hlwb siv 3 ntu sijhawm thiab tsom mus rau qhov kev xav txog lub siab ntsws txog qhov kev ntxhov siab, nrhiav cov xwm txheej txaus ntshai, thiab cov teeb meem uas ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab thiab teeb meem siv Internet. Lub hom phiaj yog qhia txog kev ua pa rov qab los ntawm kev ua pa thiab cov tswv yim, tsis txhob siv Is Taws Nem los daws cov kev xav thiab xwm txheej. Nyob rau theem no, cov neeg mob kawm txheeb xyuas thiab lees txais cov kev xav thiab nres kev tawm tsam los ntawm lawv cov kev ntxhov siab. Cov neeg mob nkag siab txog lawv txoj kev ntxhov siab thiab nws txoj kev sib raug zoo rau kev siv Is Taws Nem los ntawm kev saib xyuas lawv tus kheej ntawm kev siv Is Taws Nem thaum lub sijhawm muaj kev ntxhov siab. Tseem muaj lwm yam kev saib xyuas ntsig txog kev siv Internet thiab kev ntxhov siab. Tej yam no tuaj yeem suav nrog tus kheej, thaj chaw, kev sib raug zoo, lub siab ntsws, lossis kev ua haujlwm. 

Qhov theem ob cuam tshuam txog kev nkag siab ntawm kev txhawj xeeb thiab kev siv Is Taws Nem. Nyob rau theem no, cov neeg mob xav txog lawv li kev siv Is Taws Nem txhua hnub, kev nkag siab koom nrog qhov kev siv no, thiab ntxhov siab. Cov kev puas ntsiag to yog qhov paub thiab tus neeg mob nkag siab tias qhov tsis xws li hauv qab no ua rau lawv siv Is Taws Nem: "Tsuas siv ob peb feeb hauv Is Taws Nem yuav tsis ua rau kuv muaj kev phom sij"; “Kuv yuav tsum teb kuv cov phooj ywg tam sim ntawd, txwv tsis pub lawv yuav tsis zam txim rau kuv”; “Yog tias kuv cov phooj ywg tsis muab“ nyiam ”rau kuv cov lus lossis kuv cov duab, nws yog qhov qhia tias lawv tsis nyiam kuv lossis kuv tau ua qee yam tsis yog”; thiab “Yog tias kuv txiav tawm hauv Is Taws Nem, kuv yuav plam tej yam tseem ceeb vim tias tej yam zoo tshaj nyob hauv Is Taws Nem. lwm qhov kev ntseeg tau tshaj tawm ntawm 2 ntu kev kawm.

Qeb thib peb (3 ntu) muaj kev coj tus cwjpwm kev hloov pauv nrog kev ntshai / ntshai teb, qhia kev tswj hwm sijhawm, thiab kev tawm tswv yim txog kev teev cia ntawm kev siv Is Taws Nem. Kev coj tus cwj pwm cuam tshuam nrog kev ua txhaum txoj hauv kev siv Is Taws Nem, thiab suav nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm tsev neeg, phooj ywg, kev ua si, kev tawm dag zog lub cev, thiab lwm yam hauv lub neej. Txhua yam ntawm cov xwm txheej raug txheeb xyuas, thiab hloov los yog tshem tawm yog qhov tsim nyog ua tej yam sib txawv thiab ua tiav hloov txoj haujlwm qub ntawm txoj haujlwm. Lwm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qib no yog kev nkag mus ntawm qhov kev xav zoo rau hauv cov haujlwm niaj hnub los tsim kev paub kev sib raug zoo, thiaj li txhawb nqa kev siv Internet tsawg dua thiab muaj kev sib tham tim ntsej tim muag ntau dua. Raws li kev xav zoo ntawm lub siab, txhim kho kev xav zoo nce siab, pab txo cov cim thiab cov tsos mob ntawm kev ntxhov siab thiab kev ntxhov siab thiab tiv thaiv kom rov mob ntxiv [74].

Qeb plaub ncua ntev txog 2 ntu nrog rau kev tsom mus txuas ntxiv thiab rov qab tiv thaiv los ntawm kev ntxiv dag zog rau cov kev ntseeg tshiab thiab kev coj tus cwj pwm, thiab kev txawj ntse hauv zej zog xws li kev lees paub, kev daws teeb meem, kev hais lus, thiab kev nkag siab. Kev ua tiav / kev txhim kho tau tso npe rau hauv daim npav (daim npav ua tiav) thiab cov neeg mob raug txhawb kom coj mus txuas ntxiv rau hauv kev coj ua dab tsi lawv tau kawm hauv kev kho mob hlwb. Hauv lub sijhawm kawg, cov neeg ua haujlwm pab dawb tau teb rau cov qub ntsuas siv thaum pib kho mob (IAT, HAM-A, HAM-D, thiab CGI), txhawm rau soj qab xyuas thiab soj ntsuam kev txhim kho hauv cov qhab nia ntsuas. Ntxiv rau kev txhim kho hauv cov qhab nia teev, lwm cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb tau raug txo lub sijhawm siv Is Taws Nem, nce ntawm cov neeg sib cuam tshuam, thiab tshwj xeeb, txo qis yuav tsum siv Is Taws Nem kom khiav tawm ntawm cov teeb meem lossis tswj kev ntxhov siab.

tau

Qhov no qhib kev sim kawm npaj siab pharmacological thiab kev kho mob hlwb los kho cov neeg mob kuaj nrog PD lossis GAD thiab IA. Thaum pib, 41 cov neeg mob ua tiav cov qauv thiab raug xaiv los txais kev kho mob hlwb rau PD lossis GAD thiab IA; txawm li cas los xij, ob qho tsis tau mus nrog kev kho mob (tus neeg tsav tsheb uas muaj hnub nyoog 33 xyoo nrog PD thiab IA uas tau tsiv mus rau lwm lub xeev tom qab kev sib tham thib peb; thiab tus poj niam 36-xyoo uas muaj PD thiab IA ntxiv rau lwm qhov kev kuaj mob xws li raws li kev noj kev haus thiab kev nyuaj siab ntxiv, uas tau tuaj koom tsuas yog 2 ntu kev kho mob hlwb). Lwm tus neeg mob 39 tau tuaj koom txhua lub sijhawm; Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov pej xeem muaj nyob hauv rooj 2.

Cov kws kho mob hlwb tau sau cov tshuaj los kho PD lossis GAD thiab IA. Qee cov tshuaj uas siv yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob xws li fluoxetine, sertraline, venlafaxine, desvenlafaxine, paroxetine, escitalopram, zolpidem, thiab duloxetine; anxiolytics xws li clonazepam thiab alprazolam; psychostimulants xws li methylphenidate; thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kev puas hlwb xws li quetiapine.

Ntawm cov neeg mob 39, 25 tau kuaj pom PD thiab 14 nrog GAD, dua li kuj muaj IA. Ua ntej kev kho mob, kev ntxhov siab nce qib ntawm HAM-A tau hais qhia qhov kev txhawj xeeb hnyav, nrog tus qhab nia nruab nrab ntawm 34.26 (SD 6.13); tom qab kho, qhov qhab nia nruab nrab yog 15.03 (SD 3.88). Lub qhab nia IAT nruab nrab thaum pib kho yog 67.67 (SD 7.69), qhia txog teeb meem siv Is Taws Nem; tom qab kev sib tham, qhov qhab nia nruab nrab ntawm IAT yog 37.56 (SD 9.32), qhia txog kev siv Is Taws Nem hauv nruab nrab thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev quav dej quav cawv. Lub ntsiab lus txhais tau tias HDRS ntawm lub hauv paus yog 16.72 (SD 5.56), qhia tias muaj kev nyuaj siab me me, qhov uas tom qab kho cov qhab nia nruab nrab yog 7.28 (SD 2.52), qhia tias tsis muaj kev nyuaj siab. Cov tshwm sim ntawm t cov ntawv xeem sib piv cov qhab nia ua ntej thiab tom qab kev kho mob tau tshaj tawm hauv rooj 3.

 

  

‎
Rooj 2. Yam ntxwv thooj.
Saib cov lus qhia

 

  

‎
Rooj 3. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm t -ib piv cov qhab nia ua ntej thiab tom qab kho.
Saib cov lus qhia

 

  

Cov kev sib txheeb ntawm cov qhab nia ntsuas raug muab los suav. Qhov sib txheeb ntawm cov qhab nia ntawm IAT thiab HAM-A yog .724, ntawm cov qhab nia ntawm HAM-A thiab HDRS yog .815, thiab ntawm cov qhab nia ntawm IAT thiab HDRS yog .535.

Thaum kawg ntawm kev kho mob hlwb, txhua tus neeg mob tau xav zoo heev txog kev kho lawv tus kheej thiab muaj kev ntseeg siab heev, tom qab lawv paub lawv lub neej zoo. Cov neeg mob ua kom pom tias muaj kev txhim kho hauv kev txhawj xeeb thiab tswj kev ntxhov siab yam tsis muaj siv Is Taws Nem. Kev siv Is Taws Nem tom qab kho tau meej pem thiab txhua tus neeg mob tau cais raws li cov neeg siv tsawg. Cov kev ua tiav no qhia tau tias cov neeg mob muaj peev xwm rov qab ua haujlwm zoo.

kev sib tham

Hauv qhov kev tshawb nrhiav tam sim no, cov kws sau ntawv tau piav qhia txog txheej txheem rau kev kho CBT hloov kho, tshuaj xyuas qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev kho no thiab kev kho mob ntawm 39 cov neeg mob nrog PD / GAD thiab IA, thiab txheeb xyuas qhov sib txheeb ntawm kev ntxhov siab thiab IA. Txawm hais tias muaj kev sib cav txog kev lees paub ntawm IA yog qhov kev tsis txaus siab, kev ua phem los ntawm kev coj tus cwj pwm no muaj nyob hauv kev tshawb fawb ntau [75-80]. Lub siab ntsws kho tus txheej txheem tau qhia tau ua haujlwm zoo los kho kev ntxhov siab thiab IA, txij li txhua tus neeg mob tau kawm tswj kev ntxhov siab tsis muaj nyob hauv Is Taws Nem thiab pom tias siv meej pem tom kawg ntawm kev sib kho.

Ntau cov kev tshawb fawb tau lees paub cov koom haum ntawm kev nyuaj siab thiab IA [19-23,27]; txawm li cas los xij, qee qhov kev tshawb fawb tau tshawb txog cov kev sib txuas ntawm kev ntxhov siab thiab IA [26,81,82]. Kev tshawb fawb ntsuam xyuas pom tias IA ua haujlwm zoo ib yam li kev tswj lub cev tsis ua haujlwm; magnetic resonance imaging tau pom tias thaj chaw ua haujlwm thaum ib tus neeg nrog IA muaj qhov yaum kom siv Is Taws Nem yog tib thaj chaw ua kom muaj kev quav yeeb tshuaj [5]. Tib lub sijhawm, kev ntxhov siab yog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev siv Is Taws Nem ntau ntxiv thiab ntxiv dag zog ntxiv rau qhov muaj yees. Cov kws sau ntawv tau hais txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev ntxhov siab thiab IA los ntawm cov kev txheeb ze tau qhia (.724), uas qhia qhov tseeb tias kev ntseeg thiab kev coj cwj pwm cuam tshuam nrog kev ntxhov siab muaj qhov cuam tshuam tseem ceeb rau kev siv Is Taws Nem thiab kev sib cuag nrog lub ntiaj teb.

Cov kev kho mob dhau los rau IA tau piav qhia hauv cov ntawv nyeem xws li CBT [45,56,60,83], CBT thiab tshuaj [59,67,68], thiab cov khoos kas ntau txoj kev koom nrog kev kho ib leeg thiab pab pawg, kev sab laj, thiab kev kho tsev neeg [44,61,84].

Qhov kev txwv ntawm txoj kev tshawb no yog qhov qauv me me (39 cov neeg koom); txawm li cas los xij, cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev npaj kho mob, ob leeg hauv kev txo cov tsos mob ntawm kev ntxhov siab thiab txhawb kev siv Is Taws Nem kom zoo, txhawm rau txhim kho IA hauv cov neeg mob. Txuas ntxiv mus, txoj kev tshawb nrhiav no yog thawj zaug tshaj tawm txoj kev tshawb fawb txog kev kho mob IA hauv ib tus neeg Brazilian.

Cov kev tshawb nrhiav yav tom ntej yuav tsum txheeb xyuas qhov kev kho tau zoo rau IA siv cov tswv yim tshiab thiab cov kev coj ua, xws li gestalt, kev txhawb tswv yim, kev kho tsev neeg, kev nco qab xav, kev kho mob hlwb, kev xav zoo, thiab kev kho mob hloov kho. Kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev tshuaj xyuas tseem yuav tsum tau tsim los kho cov kev kho mob tshiab rau cov neeg tshwj xeeb hauv IA muaj qhov muaj kev phom sij, xws li cov khub niam txiv muaj teeb meem kev txij nkawm, cov neeg uas muaj kev pw tsaug zog, cov tib neeg muaj teeb meem tsis txaus siab, thiab cov neeg uas muaj lwm cov yeeb yam ntxiv, xws li haus luam yeeb, siv yeeb tshuaj, noj, pw ua ke, lossis mus yuav khoom.

Peb qhov kev tshawb pom pom tau hais tias kev kho mob noj haus thiab kev tsim qauv kho mob hlwb hauv kev kho mob rau cov neeg mob uas muaj kev ntxhov siab thiab IA yog cov tswv yim zoo. Kev txhim kho tau zoo tshaj plaws vim ua tiav kev sib koom tes ntawm cov neeg mob hauv kev kho, uas tau ua rau muaj kev vam meej ntawm kev kho mob los ntawm kev coj tus cwj pwm, thiab ua rau cov neeg mob muaj kev ntseeg siab mus txuas ntxiv thiab tswj kev siv Internet hauv lawv lub neej.

IA nce thoob ntiaj teb thiab qee lub tebchaws, xws li Kaus Lim Qab Teb thiab Tuam Tshoj, nws tau pom tias kev mob rau pej xeem. Hauv qhov kev txiav txim siab no, txoj kev kho kom zoo yuav tsum npaj siab thiab tshaj tawm tias txhawb kev siv Internet, thiab koom nrog kev muaj nuj nqis rau tsev neeg, cov phooj ywg, lub neej sib raug zoo, thiab kev tawm dag zog. Xws li, siv Is Taws Nem yuav tsum nco ntsoov kom tsis txhob ua kev tsim txom, thiab kev cuam tshuam hauv Is Taws Nem yuav tsum txhawb nqa thiab nthuav kev sib txuas lus ntawm tus neeg.

 

Cov teeb meem tsis sib haum xeeb Tsis muaj leej twg tshaj tawm. 

References

  1. Shapira NA, Goldsmith TD, Keck PE, Khosla UM, McElroy SL. Lub hlwb ntawm cov tib neeg uas muaj teeb meem siv internet. J Cuam tshuam kev tsis sib haum 2000; 57 (1-3): 267-272 [DAWB Cov ntawv nyeem tag nrho] [Medline]
  2. Hwj KW, Hma EM. Hloov kho hauv kev thov kuaj cov txheej txheem rau kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Internet. Cyberpsychol Behav 2001 Jun; 4 (3): 377-383 [DAWB Cov ntawv nyeem tag nrho] [Medline]
  3. Txhawm rau C, Derevensky JL, Potenza MN. Cov yeeb yam tsis quav yeeb quav cawv hauv cov hluas: Kev twv txiaj kev twv txiaj thiab kev siv Is Taws Nem. Cov Hluas Ntawm Cov Hluas Lub Hlwb Hlwb N Am 2010 Jul; 19 (3): 625-641 [DAWB Cov ntawv nyeem tag nrho] [CrossRef] [Medline]
  4. Nyiaj H, Rae CD, Hlau AH, Winkler A. Kev quav yeeb yaj kiab hauv Internet: Cov ntsiab lus luv luv ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev coj ua. Curr Kev Puas Siab Ntsws Rev 2012 Nov; 8 (4): 292-298 [DAWB Cov ntawv nyeem tag nrho] [CrossRef] [Medline]
  5. Yen CF, Yen J, Ko C. Kev quav rau Is Taws Nem: Kev tshawb fawb txuas ntxiv hauv Asia. Lub Ntiaj Teb Kev Puas Hlwb 2010 Lub Hlis; 9 (2): 97 [DAWB Cov ntawv nyeem tag nrho] [Medline]
  6. American Koom Haum Puas Hlwb. Kev kuaj mob thiab cov lus qhia tawm los ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws, 5th tsab ntawv (DSM-5). Washington, DC: Lub Koom Haum Asmeskas Kev Puas Hlwb; 2013.
  7. Griffiths MD. Ib qho “yam hauv” tus qauv ntawm kev muaj yees nyob hauv lub moj khaum me me. J Hloov Siv 2005; 10: 191-197. [CrossRef]
  8. Hluas K. Siv Internet hauv Internet: Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev soj ntsuam kab mob tshiab. 1996 Lub Yim Hli 11 Muab rau: 104 Lub Rooj Sib Tham Txhua Xyoo ntawm Asmeskas Kev Puas Hlwb Lub Koom Txoos; Aug 11, 1996; Toronto, Canada URL: http://chabad4israel.org/tznius4israel/newdisorder.pdf [WebCite Cache]
  9. Cov Hluas KS. Kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Is Taws Nem: Qhov kev tshwm sim mob tshiab thiab nws lub txim. Am Behav Sci 2004 Plaub Hlis 01; 48 (4): 402-415 [DAWB Cov ntawv nyeem tag nrho] [CrossRef]
  10. Cov Hluas K. Caw Hauv Net: Yuav ua li cas paub txog cov cim ntawm kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Is Taws Nem - Thiab Ib Lub Tswv Yim Vam Meej kom Rov qab zoo dua. New York: John Wiley & Cov Tub; Xyoo 1998.
  11. Meerkerk G, Van Den Eijnden RJ, Vermulst AA, Garretsen HF. Cov Kev Nkag Mus Rau Kev Siv Is Taws Nem Hauv Is Taws Nem (CIUS): Qee cov khoom ntawm lub hlwb. Cyberpsychol Behav 2009 Lub Ob Hlis; 12 (1): 1-6. [CrossRef] [Medline]
  12. Johansson A, Götestam KG. Kev quav yeeb yaj kiab hauv Is Taws Nem: Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev nug thiab nthuav dav hauv cov hluas Norwegian (12-18 xyoo). Scand J Psychol 2004 Jul; 45 (3): 223-229. [CrossRef] [Medline]
  13. Demetrovics Z, Szeredi B, Rózsa S. Peb-tus qauv ntawm kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Is Taws Nem: Kev nthuav dav ntawm Cov Lus Nug Kev Siv Internet Muaj Teeb Meem. Behav Kev Txoj Kev 2008 Lub Tsib Hlis; 40 (2): 563-574. [Medline]
  14. Chen SH, Weng LC, Su YJ, Wu HM, Yang PF. Kev tsim kho ntawm Suav kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Suav teb thiab nws txoj kev kawm psychometric. Suav J J Psychol 2003; 45: 279-294.
  15. Ogel K, Karadag F, Satgan D. Lub ntsiab ntawm lub cev muaj yees ntawm lub cev muaj yees nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv (Addict Profile Index Internet Daim Txiaj Ntsig (BAPINT)). Ntawv xov xwm ntawm Chaw Kho Mob Psychopharmacology 2012; 22: 110 [DAWB Cov ntawv nyeem tag nrho] [WebCite Cache]
  16. Kim DI, Chung YJ, Lee EA, Kim DM, Cho YM. Kev Tsim Kho ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Ua Nres Tsa Ua Ntej Ua Ntej Daim Ntawv luv luv (KS nplai). Kauslim J Cov Neeg Sib Yuav 2008 Dec; 9 (4): 1703-1722 [DAWB Cov ntawv nyeem tag nrho] [CrossRef]
  17. Pontes H, Kuss D, Griffiths MD. Clinical psychology ntawm kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Internet: Tshawb xyuas nws lub tswvyim, kev nthuav dav, cov txheej txheem neuronal, thiab cuam tshuam nrog kev kho mob. Neurosci Neuroecon 2015; 4: 1-13. [CrossRef]
  18. Cov Hluas K. CBT-IA: Thawj qhov qauv tshuaj rau kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Is Taws Nem. J Cogn Psychother 2011: 304-312 [DAWB Cov ntawv nyeem tag nrho] [WebCite Cache]
  19. Young K, Rogers R. Qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev nyuaj siab thiab kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Is Taws Nem. Cyberpsychol Behav 1998; 1: 1 [DAWB Cov ntawv nyeem tag nrho] [CrossRef]
  20. Ha JH, Kim SY, Bae SC, Bae S, Kim H, Sim M, et al. Kev ntxhov siab thiab kev quav yeeb tshuaj hauv Is Taws Nem hauv cov hluas. Psychopathol 2007; 40 (6): 424-430. [CrossRef] [Medline]
  21. Morrison CM, Gore H. Qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev siv Is Taws Nem ntau dhau los thiab kev nyuaj siab: Ib qho kev tshawb fawb txog 1,319 cov hluas thiab cov laus. Psychopathol 2010; 43 (2): 121-126. [CrossRef] [Medline]
  22. Orsal O, Orsal O, Usal A, Ozalp SS. Kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Is Taws Nem thiab kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv tsev kawm. Tus txheej txheem Soc Behav Sci 2013 Jul; 82: 445-454 [DAWB Cov ntawv nyeem tag nrho] [CrossRef]
  23. Yen JY, Ko CH, Yen CF, Wu HY, Yang MJ. Lub comorbid hlwb mob tshwm sim ntawm kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Internet: Mloog tsis txaus thiab hyperactivity tsis meej (ADHD), kev nyuaj siab, social phobia, thiab kev ua siab phem. J Adolesc Noj Qab Haus Huv 2007 Jul; 41 (1): 93-98. [CrossRef] [Medline]
  24. Yen J, Yen C, Chen C, Tang T, Ko C. Lub koom haum nruab nrab ntawm cov laus ADHD cov tsos mob thiab kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm qib siab: Cov tub los ntxhais sib txawv. Cyberpsychol Behav 2009 Plaub Hlis; 12 (2): 187-191 [DAWB Cov ntawv nyeem tag nrho] [CrossRef] [Medline]
  25. Yen C, Chou W, Liu T, Yang P, Hu H. Koom nrog kev quav yeeb tshuaj hauv Internet nrog kev ntxhov siab, kev ntxhov siab thiab tus kheej ntawm cov neeg hluas nrog kev saib tsis taus / hyperactivity tsis meej. Compr Psychiatry 2014 Lub Kaum Hli; 55 (7): 1601-1608 [DAWB Cov ntawv nyeem tag nrho] [CrossRef] [Medline]
  26. Bernardi S, Pallanti S. Kev quav yeeb yaj kiab hauv Is Taws Nem: Qhov kev tshawb fawb piav qhia tshwj xeeb uas tsom mus rau kev pom zoo thiab cov tsos mob sib cais. Compr Psychiatry 2009 Nov; 50 (6): 510-516 [DAWB Cov ntawv nyeem tag nrho] [CrossRef] [Medline]
  27. Carli V, Durkee T, Wasserman D, Hadlaczky G, Despalins R, Kramarz E, li al. Lub koom haum ntawm kev siv internet pathological thiab comorbid psychopathology: Kev tshuaj xyuas kom paub meej. Psychopathol 2013; 46 (1): 1-13 [DAWB Cov ntawv nyeem tag nrho] [CrossRef] [Medline]
  28. Adalier A. Cov kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Internet thiab cov tsos mob puas siab ntsws. Int J Glob Kev Kawm 2012: 42-49 [DAWB Cov ntawv nyeem tag nrho] [WebCite Cache]
  29. Ko C, Yen J, Chen C, Chen S, Wu K, Yen C. Tus cwj pwm ntawm tus neeg hluas nrog kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv internet thiab kev paub txog kev siv tshuaj yeeb dej caw. Muaj peev xwm J Psychiatry 2006 Dec; 51 (14): 887-894. [Medline]
  30. Tao ZL, Liu Y. Puas muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev vam khom hauv Is Taws Nem thiab kev noj zaub mov tsis zoo? Kev sib piv txoj kev kawm ntawm cov neeg siv Internet thiab cov uas tsis siv Is Taws Nem. Noj Cov Khaub Ncaws Tsis Haum 2009; 14 (2-3): e77-e83. [Medline]
  31. Cheung LM, Wong WS. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm insomnia thiab kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj quav hauv internet rau kev nyuaj siab hauv Hong Kong Cov hluas hauv Suav Teb: Kev tshawb nrhiav cais tawm ntawm ntu. J Pw Res 2011 Jun; 20 (2): 311-317 [DAWB Cov ntawv nyeem tag nrho] [CrossRef] [Medline]
  32. Kratzer S, Hegerl U. Psychiatr Prax 2008 Mar; 35 (2): 80-83. [CrossRef] [Medline]
  33. Shapira NA, Lessig MC, Goldsmith TD, Szabo ST, Lazoritz M, Kub MS, li al. Teeb meem siv internet: Tshaj tawm kev faib tawm thiab txheeb xyuas cov qauv. Cov Mob Tsis Txaus Siab 2003; 17 (4): 207-216 [DAWB Cov ntawv nyeem tag nrho] [CrossRef] [Medline]
  34. Aboujaoude E, Koran LM, Gamel N, MD Loj, Serpe RT. Cov cim ntaus cim rau cov teeb meem hauv kev siv internet: Kev tshawb fawb hauv xov tooj ntawm 2,513 cov laus. CNS Spectr 2006 Lub Kaum Hli; 11 (10): 750-755 [DAWB Cov ntawv nyeem tag nrho] [Medline]
  35. Thaiv JJ. Cov teeb meem rau DSM-V: Kev quav rau Is Taws Nem. Am J Kev Puas Siab Ntsws 2008 Mar; 165 (3): 306-307. [CrossRef] [Medline]
  36. Pies R. Puas yog DSM-V xaiv "kev tiv thaiv hauv Internet" puas hlwb? Psychiatry (Edgmont) 2009 Feb; 6 (2): 31-37 [DAWB Cov ntawv nyeem tag nrho] [Medline]
  37. Mythily S, Qiu S, Winslow M. Prevalence thiab correlates ntawm kev siv Is Taws Nem ntau dhau ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas hauv Singapore. Ann Acad Med Singapore 2008 Lub Ib Hlis; 37 (1): 9-14 [DAWB Cov ntawv nyeem tag nrho] [Medline]
  38. Wang L, Luo J, Luo J, Gao W, Kong J. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev siv Is Taws Nem ntawm cov hluas lub neej: kev tshawb fawb hauv teb chaws. Comput Human Behav 2012; 28: 2007-2013 [DAWB Cov ntawv nyeem tag nrho] [CrossRef]
  39. Davis R. Tus qauv paub txog kev coj cwj pwm ntawm kev siv Is Taws Nem. Comput Human Behav 2001; 17: 187-195 [DAWB Cov ntawv nyeem tag nrho] [CrossRef]
  40. Kaneez FS, Zhu K, Khi L, Osman NBH. Puas yog kev kho cwj pwm yog ib qho kev cuam tshuam rau cov kev muaj yees nyob rau hauv Is Taws Nem? J Tshuaj Cawv Caw 2013; 2: 1-9 [DAWB Cov ntawv nyeem tag nrho] [CrossRef]
  41. Han DH, Renshaw PF. Bupropion hauv kev kho cov teeb meem kev ua si hauv online ua si hauv cov neeg mob uas muaj qhov tsis txaus siab loj. J Psychopharmacol 2012 Lub Tsib Hlis; 26 (5): 689-696 [DAWB Cov ntawv nyeem tag nrho] [CrossRef] [Medline]
  42. Paik A, Oh D, Kim D. Ib rooj plaub ntawm thim kev mob hlwb los ntawm kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv internet. Kev Puas Siab Ntsig 2014 Plaub Hlis; 11 (2): 207-209 [DAWB Cov ntawv nyeem tag nrho] [CrossRef] [Medline]
  43. Hluas K. Siv Internet hauv Is Taws Nem: Kev kuaj mob thiab txiav txim siab kho mob. J Txheej Txheem Psychother 2009 Jan; 39: 241-246. [CrossRef]
  44. Jäger S, Müller KW, Ruckes C, Wittig T, Batra A, Musalek M, li al. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm phau ntawv luv kho mob sij hawm siv internet thiab khoos phis tawj daws kev ua si (STICA): Kawm txog cov txheej txheem rau kev sim mus sib hais. Kev Sib Tw 2012; 13: 43 [DAWB Cov ntawv nyeem tag nrho] [CrossRef] [Medline]
  45. Cov Hluas KS. Cov txiaj ntsig kev kho mob siv CBT-IA nrog cov neeg mob Is Taws Nej. J Behav Quav 2013 Dec; 2 (4): 209-215 [DAWB Cov ntawv nyeem tag nrho] [CrossRef] [Medline]
  46. King ALS, Nardi AE, Cardoso AS. Nomofobia: Tawm ntawm lub Computador, Is Taws Nem, Redes Sociais? Saib xyuas seb Telefone Celular ?. Rio de Janeiro: Atheneu; 2014.
  47. Przepiorka AM, Blachnio A, Miziak B, Czuczwar SJ. Cov chaw kho mob mus rau kev kho mob quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Is Taws Nem. Tshuaj Kho Mob Rep 2014 Plaub Hlis; 66 (2): 187-191 [DAWB Cov ntawv nyeem tag nrho] [CrossRef] [Medline]
  48. Dell'Osso B, Hadley S, Allen A, Baker B, Chaplin W, Hollander E. Escitalopram hauv kev kho cov kabmob tsis muaj zog hauv kev siv internet tsis txaus ntseeg: Ib qho kev sim qhib kev sib tw ua raws li ob lub qhov muag tsis pom kev. J Clin Psychiatry 2008 Mar; 69 (3): 452-456. [Medline]
  49. Sattar P, Ramaswamy S. Kev twv txiaj rau Is Taws Nem. Muaj peev xwm J Psychiatry 2004 Dec; 49 (12): 869-870. [Medline]
  50. Han DH, Hwang JW, Renshaw PF. Bupropion txhawb kev tso tawm txo qis kev xav tau rau kev ua yeeb yaj kiab video thiab kev ua si lub hlwb hauv cov neeg mob uas muaj yees kev ua yeeb yaj kiab hauv Internet. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2010 Aug; 18 (4): 297-304 [DAWB Cov ntawv nyeem tag nrho] [CrossRef] [Medline]
  51. McElroy SL, Nelson E, Welge J, Kaehler L, Keck P. Olanzapine hauv kev kho mob ntawm kev twv txiaj pathological: Ib qho kev tsis zoo ntawm kev sim tshuaj placebo. J Clin Psychiatry 2008 Mar; 69 (3): 433-440. [Medline]
  52. Atmaca M. Qhov teeb meem ntawm kev siv internet kom muaj kev vam meej tau txais kev kho tau zoo nrog kev sib xyaw SSRI-antipsychotic. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Kev Puas Siab Ntsws 2007 Lub Tsib Hlis 9; 31 (4): 961-962. [CrossRef] [Medline]
  53. Bostwick JM, Bucci JA. Kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Is Taws Nem kho nrog naltrexone. Mayo Clin Proc 2008 Lub Ob Hlis; 83 (2): 226-230. [CrossRef] [Medline]
  54. Han DH, Lee YS, Na C, Ahn JY, Chung US, Daniels MA, li al. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm methylphenidate hauv Is Taws Nem video game ua si hauv cov menyuam yaus uas muaj kev mloog tsis meej / nyob tsis tswm. Compr Psychiatry 2009 Lub Tsib Hlis; 50 (3): 251-256 [DAWB Cov ntawv nyeem tag nrho] [CrossRef] [Medline]
  55. Camardese G, DeRisio L, DiNicola M, Pizi G, Janiri L. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov kws kho mob hauv kev kho mob "kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv internet". Clin Neuropharmacol 2012; 35 (6): 283-289. [CrossRef] [Medline]
  56. Hall A, Parsons J. Kev quav yeeb yaj kiab hauv Is Taws Nem: Kev tshawb nrhiav tus tub ntxhais kawm ntawv qib siab siv cov kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev kho tus cwj pwm. J Cov Txiv Neej Txog Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv 2001; 23: 312-327 [DAWB Cov ntawv nyeem tag nrho] [WebCite Cache]
  57. Sato T. Kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv: Kev muaj xwm txheej thiab lub hlwb kev xav hauv Nyij Pooj. Nyiv Med Assoc J 2006; 49: 279-283 [DAWB Cov ntawv nyeem tag nrho] [WebCite Cache]
  58. King DL, Delfabbro PH, Griffiths MD, Gradisar M. Kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas kev sim tshuaj rau kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Is Taws Nem: Kev tshuaj xyuas zoo thiab ntsuas qhov ntsuas. Clin Psychol Rev 2011 Nov; 31 (7): 1110-1116 [DAWB Cov ntawv nyeem tag nrho] [CrossRef] [Medline]
  59. Kaneez FS, Zhu K, Khi L, Osman NBH. Puas yog kev kho cwj pwm yog ib qho kev cuam tshuam rau cov kev muaj yees nyob rau hauv Is Taws Nem? J Tshuaj Cawv Caw 2013; 2: 1-9 [DAWB Cov ntawv nyeem tag nrho] [CrossRef]
  60. Ge L, Ge X, Xu Y, Zhang K, Zhao J, Kong X. P300 kev hloov pauv thiab kev paub txog kev coj cwj pwm hauv cov ncauj lus qhia txog kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv hauv internet: Ib qho kev soj ntsuam xyuas 3 lub hlis. Neural Regen Res 2011; 6: 2037-2041 [DAWB Cov ntawv nyeem tag nrho] [WebCite Cache]
  61. Wölfling K, Müller K, Beutel M. AS32-02 - Kev kho kev quav yeeb tshuaj hauv internet: Thawj cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev paub zoo-kev coj tus cwj pwm kho kom zoo. Eur Kev Kho Mob Hlwb 2012 Jan; 27: 1 [DAWB Cov ntawv nyeem tag nrho] [CrossRef]
  62. Li H, Wang S. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev txawj ntse uas tsis paub hloov hauv kev ua si hauv online ntawm cov neeg hluas Suav. Cov Tub Ntxhais Hluas Chid Cov Hluas Rev 2013; 35: 1468-1475 [DAWB Cov ntawv nyeem tag nrho] [WebCite Cache]
  63. Fang-ru Y, Wei H. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev koom nrog lub hlwb txoj kev cuam tshuam ntawm 52 cov tub ntxhais hluas nrog kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv internet. Suav J Clin Psychol 2005; 13: 343-345.
  64. Zhu T, Jin R, Zhong X. [Kev tshuaj ntsuam ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob ua ke nrog kev cuam tshuam hlwb ntawm tus neeg mob nrog kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Internet]. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 2009 Mar; 29 (3): 212-214. [Medline]
  65. Zhu T, Li H, Jin R, Zheng Z, Luo Y, Ye H, li al. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm electroacupuncture sib koom ua ke psycho-kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev paub lub luag haujlwm thiab cov xwm txheej ntsig txog P300 thiab mismatch tsis zoo nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob quav tshuaj hauv internet. Chin J Integr Med 2012 Lub Ob Hlis; 18 (2): 146-151 [DAWB Cov ntawv nyeem tag nrho] [CrossRef] [Medline]
  66. van Rooij AJ, Zinn MF, Schoenmakers TM, van de Mheen D. Kho kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv internet nrog kev txawj ntse-kev coj tus cwj pwm: Ib qho kev txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm cov kev paub ntawm tus kws kho mob. Int J Me Nyuam Cov Ntaub Ntawv Noj Qab Haus Huv 2010 Nov 19; 10 (1): 69-82 [DAWB Cov ntawv nyeem tag nrho] [CrossRef]
  67. Santos V, Nardi A, Vaj Ntxwv A. Kev kho mob ntawm kev quav yeeb tshuaj hauv internet hauv cov neeg mob uas muaj kev ntshai me ntsis thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis xws luag: Cov ntaub ntawv hais qhia. CNS Neurol Disord Tshuaj Liam 2015; 14: 341-344 [DAWB Cov ntawv nyeem tag nrho] [CrossRef]
  68. Kim S, Han D, Lee Y, Renshaw P. Ua ke kev paub kev coj ua thiab kev tsim kho kom paub daws teeb meem ntawm kev ua si kab ua si hauv cov hluas nrog kev tsis txaus siab loj. Khoos Phib Tawj Tib Neeg Behav 2012; 28: 1954-1959. [CrossRef]
  69. Dowling NA, Brown M. Kev coj ua ntawm txoj kev xav hauv lub hlwb nrog rau qhov teeb meem kev twv txiaj thiab kev vam khom hauv Is Taws Nem. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw 2010 Aug; 13 (4): 437-441 [DAWB Cov ntawv nyeem tag nrho] [CrossRef]
  70. Sheehan DV, Lecrubier Y, Sheehan KH, Amorim P, Janavs J, Weiller E, li al. Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Sib Tham (MINI): Kev txhim kho thiab kev ua kom tiav ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav kev soj ntsuam mob hlwb rau DSM-IV thiab ICD-10. J Clin Psychiatry 1998; 59 Cov Khoom Siv 20: 22-33; xeem ntawv 34. [Medline]
  71. Hamilton M. Kev ntsuas ntawm kev ntxhov siab lub xeev los ntawm kev ntaus nqi. Br J Med Psychol 1959; 32 (1): 50-55. [Medline]
  72. Hamilton M. Kev ntsuas qhov ntsuas kev ntxhov siab. J Neurol Neurosurg Kev Puas Siab Ntsws 1960; 23: 56-62.
  73. Guy WUS Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv, Kev Kawm, thiab Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv, Pej Xeem Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv, Dej Cawv, Kev Quav Yeeb Tshuaj thiab Kev Tswj Xyuas Cov Hlwb Rockville, MD; 1976. ECDEU Kev Ntsuas Cov Lus Qhia rau Psychopharmacology URL: https://ia800306.us.archive.org/35/items/ecdeuassessmentm1933guyw/ecdeuassessmentm1933guyw.pdf [nkag 2016-01-21] [WebCite Cache]
  74. Ntoo AM, Tarrier N. Kev soj ntsuam zoo rau lub siab: Lub zeem muag tshiab thiab lub tswv yim tshiab rau kev tshawb nrhiav thiab xyaum. Clin Psychol Rev 2010 Nov; 30 (7): 819-829 [DAWB Cov ntawv nyeem tag nrho] [CrossRef] [Medline]
  75. Jap T, Tiatri S, Jaya ES, Suteja MS. Kev txhim kho cov lus nug hauv online txog kev twv txiaj ntsig hauv Indonesia. PLoS Ib 2013 Plaub Hlis; 8 (4): e61098 [DAWB Cov ntawv nyeem tag nrho] [CrossRef] [Medline]
  76. Ko CH, Yen J, Chen C, Chen C, Yen C. Lub paj hlwb tsis nco qab txog kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj nyob hauv cov tub ntxhais kawm qib siab: kev sib tham nug. CNS Spectr 2008 Lub Ob Hlis; 13 (2): 147-153. [Medline]
  77. Muñoz-Rivas MJ, Fernández L, Gámez-Guadix M. Tsom xam ntawm cov ntsuas ntawm kev siv Internet pathological hauv Spanish cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv tsev kawm qib siab. Span J Psychol 2010 Nov; 13 (2): 697-707. [Medline]
  78. Chaw Ua Si JW, Park K, Lee I, Kwon M, Kim D. Kawm txog kev paub kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kev noj qab haus huv hauv Internet. Kev Puas Siab Ntsig 2012 Kev Txiav Txim Siab; 9 (4): 373-378 [DAWB Cov ntawv nyeem tag nrho] [CrossRef] [Medline]
  79. Shek DT, Tang VM, Lo C. Kev Tshuaj Ntsuam Xyuas los ntawm kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv kev quav yeeb tshuaj rau cov tub ntxhais hluas Suav hauv Hong Kong. Cov Hluas 2009; 44 (174): 359-373. [Medline]
  80. Tshav P, Johnson C, Palmer P, Arpawong T, Unger J, Xie B, li al. Kev sib txig thiab kev cia siab ntawm kev sib txuam siv internet thiab kev siv tshuaj yeeb dej caw: Tshawb pom los ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm theem siab nyob rau hauv Suav teb thiab Asmeskas. Int J Chaw Rau Tib Neeg Noj Qab Haus Huv 2012: 660-673 [DAWB Cov ntawv nyeem tag nrho] [CrossRef]
  81. Pezoa-Jares RE, Espinoza-Luna IL, Vasquez-Medina JA. Kev quav yeeb yaj kiab hauv Internet: Tshuaj xyuas. J Cov Tawm Tsam Res Ther 2012; S6: 004.
  82. Berner J, Santander J, Contreras A, Gómez T. Cov lus piav qhia txog kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv internet ntawm cov tub ntxhais hauv Chilean: Kev tshawb fawb hla ntu. Cov Kws Muaj Txuj Ci Lub Cev 2014; 38: 11-14. [CrossRef]
  83. Du Y, Jiang W, Vance A. Lub sijhawm ntev dua uas muaj kev siv qee lub sijhawm, kev tswj hwm pawg kom muaj kev coj cwj pwm zoo rau kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv Is Taws Nem hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas hauv Shanghai. Aust NZJ Psychiatry 2010 Lub Ob Hlis; 44 (2): 129-134 [DAWB Cov ntawv nyeem tag nrho] [CrossRef] [Medline]
  84. Goldsmith T, Shapira N. Teeb meem siv internet. Hauv: Hollander E, Stein DJ, cov hloov kho. Soj ntsuam phau ntawv ntawm Impulse-Tswj teeb meem. Arlington, VA: Asmeskas Kev Puas Siab Puas Ntsuaj Ntawv, Inc; 2006: 291-308.

 

‎ 

abbreviations

BAPINT-SV: Tus Xov Xwm Qhia Txog Qhov Phiaj Tus Xov Xwm Ntxiv Siv Tshuaj Ntsuam Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Ib Ce
CBT: tswv yim-kev coj cwj pwm kev kho
CGI: Soj ntsuam ntiaj teb Impressions teev
CIAS: Chen Internet Cov Teev Siv Khoom Nplai
CIUS: Compulsive Internet Siv Nplai
DSM: Diagnostic thiab Statistical Manual ntawm Mental Disorders
EA: electroacupuncture
EIU: Ntau Siv Is Taws Nem Siv Nplai
GAD: kev txhawj xeeb txog qhov dav dav
HAM-A: Hamilton Ntxhw Siab Ntsuam Xyuas
HDRS: Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Hamilton Kev Ntsuam Xyuas
IA: kev siv internet
IAT: Kev Tiv Thaiv hauv Internet
IPUB / UFRJ: Lub koom haum ntawm Psychiatry ntawm tseem fwv University of Rio de Janeiro
MI: motivational xam phaj
MINI: Sib Tham Txog Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Thoob Ntiaj Teb Mini
PD: ceeb ceeb ntshai
PIUQ: Cov Lus Nug Siv Teeb Meem Siv Internet
STICA: kho lub sij hawm luv siv Internet thiab kho khoos phis tawm
YDQ: Young Cov Lus Nug Txog Kev Ntsuam Xyuas

Kho los ntawm G Eysenbach; xa 25.10.15; saib xyuas-rov los ntawm AC Maia, V Alves; lus tawm rau sau 18.11.15; kho tshiab tau txais 28.11.15; txais 29.11.15; luam tawm 22.03.16