Kev siv porn yog qhov kev siv internet ntxiv:
"Feem ntau ntawm PIU yog qhov ntau ntawm cov neeg hluas uas tau siv internet nyob rau kev saib duab liab qab feem ntau (19.6%), tom qab kev twv txiaj (9.3%) thiab internet zej zog (8.4%)"
"Txawm li cas los xij, qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv rau PIU ntawm cov neeg uas siv internet feem ntau rau kev saib duab liab qab yog qhov ntau tshaj plaws, uas cuam tshuam cov muaj peev xwm ntxiv ntawm kev saib duab liab qab hauv internet piv rau lwm cov kev pabcuam hauv internet"
Kev siv porn yog daim ntawv thov cuam tshuam feem ntau nrog kev ntxhov siab, psychopatholgy:
"Cov kev tshawb pom no qhia tias kev siv internet feem ntau rau kev saib duab liab qab yog cuam tshuam nrog kev puas hlwb loj, xws li kev nyuaj siab thiab tua tus kheej, nrog rau kev muaj peev xwm ntxiv."
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Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2020 Plaub Hlis 20; 16: 1031-1041. doi: 10.2147 / NDT.S247292
Abstract
lub hom phiaj:
Txoj kev kawm no tau tshawb xyuas qhov tseeb thiab qhov tsis raug ntawm kev siv internet muaj teeb meem (PIU) hauv cov qauv loj ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas raws li hom kev siv internet.
Cov Khoom Siv thiab Cov Ntawv:
Txoj kev tshawb no tau tsim txij xyoo 2008 txog 2010, thiab 223,542 cov tub ntxhais hluas hnub nyoog 12 txog 18 xyoo koom nrog txoj kev tshawb no. Cov neeg koom tau teb cov lus nug txog kev nug tus kheej suav nrog cov khoom rau cov pej xeem, sijhawm siv internet, kev siv internet feem ntau thiab kev mob hlwb. PIU raug txheeb xyuas nrog Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob hauv Is Taws Nem Ncaws Lus Qhia rau Cov Hluas-Luv Npe.
tau:
Zuag qhia tag nrho tus lej ntawm PIU yog 5.2%, thiab tus lej ntawm tsis sib luag nrog poj niam txiv neej yog 7.7% ntawm cov tub hluas thiab 3.8% ntawm cov ntxhais. Kev faib tawm ntawm cov kev siv internet feem ntau yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov poj niam txiv neej. Kev siv internet feem ntau yog kev twv txiaj (58.1%) hauv cov tub thiab blog (22.1%) thiab tus cev lus / sib tham (20.3%) hauv cov ntxhais. Qhov txawv tsis sib xws rau PIU tau sib txawv raws li kev siv internet feem ntau; siv internet feem ntau yog rau duab liab qab piv rau cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb muaj qhov sib txawv ntau tshaj (4.526-fold siab). Cov kev mob tsis txaus siab, kev xav tua tus kheej, thiab kev tua tus kheej tau cuam tshuam nrog kev sib piv ntau dua rau PIU (1.725-, 1.747- thiab 1.361-fold, ntsig txog).
xaus:
Qhov kev kawm tam sim no tau txheeb cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb hais txog PIU hauv cov hluas. Kev faib tawm ntawm PIU muaj cov qauv sib txawv raws li kev sib deev thiab cov kev pabcuam hauv internet. Kev tshawb nrhiav ntawm PIU nrog cov lus pom zoo txheej txheem thiab kev ntsuas cov cuab yeej rau PIU ntawm txhua qhov kev pabcuam internet yog qhov xav tau.
TSEEM CEEB: kev quav; tiav hluas; sib deev sib txawv; siv internet
- PMID 32368065
- PMCID: PMC7182452
- DOI: 10.2147 / NDT.S247292
Introduction
Ob puas xyoo dhau los, internet tau nkag mus rau hauv tib neeg lub neej nyob rau hauv txoj kev sai thiab dav thiab tau dhau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev nyob niaj hnub, xws li kev mus yuav khoom, tau txais xov xwm thiab sib cuag nrog phooj ywg. Cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb hauv Asmeskas tau tshaj tawm tias kwv yees li 90% ntawm cov neeg laus tau siv internet hauv 2019, thiab cov neeg tsis siv internet tau tsawg los ntawm 48% hauv 2000 txog 10% hauv 2019.1 Tshwj xeeb, cov tub ntxhais hluas siv internet ntau dua hauv lawv lub neej txhua hnub dua li lwm tus neeg. Hauv 2018, 95% ntawm Asmeskas cov tub ntxhais hluas tau tshaj tawm tias muaj kev nkag mus rau lub xov tooj smartphones, thiab 45% ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas tau siv online nyob rau qhov ze-tas mus li.2
Txawm hais tias hauv internet muab ntau yam txiaj ntsig, xws li kev kawm, kev lom zem, kev sib tham, kev yooj yim, thiab kev xav hauv lub hlwb,3 ntau cov kev tshawb fawb tau tshaj tawm cov koom tes tsis zoo hauv is taws nem nrog cov hluas txoj kev mob hlwb, suav nrog kev nyuaj siab, kev ntxhov siab hauv zej zog, tua tus kheej, thiab cyberbullying.4-7 Qhov tseem ceeb, qhov muaj teeb meem rau kev siv internet (PIU) tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev siv ntau dhau thiab muaj cov yeeb yaj kiab ntxiv yog ib qho teeb meem loj tshaj plaws ntawm kev siv Is Taws Nem hauv cov neeg hluas, ntawm cov kev nthuav dav no tau tshaj tawm txog 26.7% los ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb dhau los.8,9
Cov tub ntxhais hluas tau paub tias yog qhov muaj mob yooj yim rau PIU vim tias qhov siab ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog nrog cov txheeb ze tsis haum ntawm prefrontal cortex (PFC), tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau thaum ntxov thiab nruab nrab ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas lub sijhawm.10-12 Ib qho ntxiv, qhov kev xav hauv lub siab nyob rau lub sijhawm menyuam mos thaum ntxov (2 xyoos) tau tshaj tawm tias muaj ntau qhov kev cuam tshuam loj rau PIU hauv cov hluas, qhia tau tias lub siab npau taws yog ib qho kev pheej hmoo loj rau PIU.13 Poj niam txiv neej yog paub tias yuav tsum yog lwm tus txawv tswj rau tus qauv ntawm PIU. Cov tub hluas yog cov nyiam siv internet twv txiaj, thaum cov ntxhais siv cov kev pabcuam social network ntau dua li cov tub.14,15 Ib qho ntxiv, ib puag ncig ib puag ncig, suav nrog cov ntawv sib txuas nrog cov niam txiv thiab cov phooj ywg kuj tseem tau qhia ua ib qho ntawm kev twv twv rau PIU hauv cov hluas. Piv txwv li, Badenes-Ribera li al16 tshaj tawm tias kev sib raug zoo nrog lawv niam lawv txiv cuam tshuam txog qib PIU feem ntau nyob rau ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas thaum ntxov, hos cov phooj ywg kev sib raug zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv cov laus thaum hluas.
Zoo li no, ntau cov kev tshawb fawb tau tshawb xyuas qhov kev txhawj xeeb uas nthuav dav rau PIU thiab lwm yam kev pheej hmoo hauv cov hluas, Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntsiab lus meej ntawm PIU tsis tau hais. Cov kws tshawb nrhiav tau soj ntsuam PIU nrog cov lus sib txawv thiab cov ntsiab lus, xws li "kev quav yeeb tshuaj hauv internet",17 “Siv internet lwv tawm”,18 “Siv internet muaj teeb meem”19 thiab “kev siv internet pathological”.20 Lwm yam kev tshawb fawb tsom rau kev ua si hauv internet tau siv cov lus “teebmeem hauv online kev siv”,21 “Kev twv txiaj hauv internet”22 thiab “muaj internet twv txiaj yuam pov”.23
Txawm hais tias cov lus sib txawv thiab lawv lub ntsiab txhais suav nrog lub tswv yim kev xav cuam tshuam nrog cov qauv hauv kev siv tsis tau siv internet ua rau muaj kev xiam oob qhab,24 ib qho laj thawj rau qhov tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus kub txhais tau yog hauv is taws nem muaj ntau cov ntsiab lus uas yuav cuam tshuam nrog kev twv txiaj xws li kev twv txiaj, twv txiaj, tham lossis saib duab liab qab. Cov Hluas25 taw qhia tias kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv hauv internet npog ntau yam ntawm kev coj tus cwj pwm tsis zoo tswj cov teeb meem thiab raug cais los ntawm tsib txoj haujlwm tshwj xeeb, suav nrog kev sib tham isthawmnev-kev sib deev, kev sib tham isthawmnev, kev sib txuas ntawm lub vas sab, kev qhia ntau dhau, thiab kev siv lub computer.
Ntawm cov subtypes tshwj xeeb ntawm PIU, "internet twv txiaj puas ntsoog" thiab "kev twv txiaj kev sib twv" tau suav ua kev kuaj mob hauv Tshooj 3 ntawm Kev Ntsuas thiab Cov Ntawv Teev Tseg ntawm Kev Puas Hlwb (DSM-5)26 thiab kev kho dua tshiab ntawm International Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Cov Kab Mob (ICD-11) los ntawm World Health Organization (WHO).27 Txawm hais tias nongaming internet kev ua ub ua no tsis raug suav hais tias yog kev kuaj mob vim tsis muaj pov thawj,24 tseem muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj nem puas yog kev twv txiaj hauv internet, xws li kev twv txiaj hauv internet,28 social networking29 thiab saib duab liab qab online.30
Txawm li cas los xij, txawm hais tias muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog ntau subtypes ntawm PIU, kev tshawb fawb tshawb txog qhov sib txawv muaj peev xwm ntxiv raws li cov kev pabcuam hauv internet tsis muaj. Kev tshawb pom German tam sim no nrog 6,081 tus tub ntxhais kawm hnub nyoog 12-19 xyoos tau tshawb xyuas qhov kev faib tawm ntawm kev siv Is Taws Nem siv hauv PIU thiab tsis yog PIU.31 Hauv kev kawm txog Rosenkranz li al31 kev siv internet tshaj plaws yog kev siv cov vev xaib thiab kev sib tham, thiab kev twv xyuas Internet ntau tshaj plaws rau PIU yog kev twv txiaj thiab twv txiaj. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tshawb fawb tshawb txog kev faib tawm thiab quav tshuaj muaj peev xwm raws li kev siv cov kev siv internet tshwj xeeb tseem tsis tau; qhov tseeb, rau peb cov kev paub, tsis muaj kev kawm hauv Kaus Lim Kauslim. Yog li, qhov kev tshawb nrhiav tam sim no txhawm rau tshawb xyuas qhov tsis muaj tseeb thiab cuam tshuam ntawm PIU hauv qhov piv txwv ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas raws li lub subtype ntawm kev siv internet.
Ntaub ntawv thiab kev
Cov neeg koom
Peb qhov kev tshawb fawb tau ua nrog cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm 2008, 2009 thiab 2010 Kaus Lim Cov Hluas Nyiam Kev Coj Ncaj Ncees Web-based Survey (KYRBS). KYRBS yog qhov kev tshawb fawb hla ntau xyoo uas tau ua txhua xyoo los ntawm Kauslim Chaw Tiv Thaiv thiab Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob (CDC) txij li xyoo 2005.32 KYRBS hais txog kev coj cwj pwm kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas. Daim ntawv tshuaj ntsuam no tau ua tiav nrog cov lus nug ua tiav los ntawm cov hluas, uas muaj 125 yam, nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv txog kev haus luam yeeb, kev haus cawv, kev rog, kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev, kev coj tus cwj pwm kev sib deev, kev siv yeeb tshuaj, kev siv Is Taws Nem thiab kev mob hlwb. Cov hom phiaj yog cov neeg sawv cev hauv thoob plaws hauv tsev kawm theem nrab thiab theem siab hnub nyoog 12-18 xyoo hauv Kaus Lim Kauslim, piv txwv ntawm 400 nruab nrab thiab 400 theem siab hauv txhua lub xyoo. Tag nrho cov neeg koom nrog 223,542, thiab xyoo 2008, 2009 thiab 2010 KYRBS suav nrog 75,238, 75,066 thiab 73,238 tus neeg, feem. Ua ntej txoj kev kawm nkag, tag nrho cov lus qhia txog lub hom phiaj thiab cov hau kev ntawm txoj kev kawm tau muab rau cov tub ntxhais kawm los ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv tau kawm, thiab cov ntawv sau cia raug pom zoo los ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm. Cov tub ntxhais kawm uas pom zoo koom nrog ua tiav qhov tsis nug npe, uas tau tshaj tawm hauv computer. CDC Pawg Tuam Thawj Saib Xyuas Kev Tshawb Nrhiav tau pom zoo cov kev cai rau KYRBS.
Assessment
Txhawm rau ntsuas PIU, Is Taws Nem Tsog Siv Hluav Taws Xob Ua kom Muaj Txiaj Ntsig rau Cov Hluas-Daim Ntawv luv luv (KS scale) tsim los ntawm Kim et al33 tau siv. KS nplai yog 20-yam tus kheej qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas nyob ntawm 4-point Likert nplai (1 = yeej tsis, 2 = qee zaum, 3 = ntau zaus, lossis 4 = ib txwm). Nws muaj rau lub subfactors: (1) kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev ua haujlwm coj tau ua (6 yam khoom), (2) kev cia siab zoo (1 yam), (3) tshem tawm (4 yam khoom), (4) kev sib raug zoo ntawm virtual (3 yam khoom), (5 ) tus cwj pwm txawv (2 yam), thiab (6) kam rau ua (4 yam). Tus neeg teb tau raug faib raws li cov qhab nia tau ua ib ntawm peb pawg: PIU meej, PIU yuav tshwm sim, thiab tus siv ntawm Is Taws Nem. Lub PIU Lub Ntsiab Lus tseeb raug txhais los ntawm tag nrho cov qhab nia ntawm 53 lossis siab dua lossis muaj tag nrho cov hauv qab no: kev hloov ua haujlwm tau qhab nia ntawm 17 lossis siab dua; tshem cov qhab nia ntawm 11 lossis siab dua; thiab kev zam ntawm cov qhab nia 13 lossis siab dua. Kev soj ntsuam PIU yog txhais los ntawm tag nrho cov qhab nia ntawm 48 thiab 52 lossis qhov nyob ntawm txhua yam ntawm cov hauv qab no: kev ua haujlwm yooj yim cov qhab nia ntawm 15 lossis siab dua; tshem cov qhab nia ntawm 10 lossis siab dua; thiab kev zam ntawm cov qhab nia ntawm 12 lossis siab dua. Hauv qhov kev kawm tam sim no, PIU pab pawg tau txhais tias yog cov koom nrog cov pab pawg PIU meej thiab muaj peev xwm.
Lub sijhawm siv Is Taws Nem tau nug nrog qhov sau "Koj tau siv pes tsawg teev thiab feeb ua 30 hnub kawg thiab hnub so hauv 12 hnub kawg?" Cov kev pab is taws nem siv uas yog siv los ntawm cov neeg tuaj koom tau nug txog qhov ntawv "Dab tsi yog qhov kev pab koj feem ntau siv Is Taws Nem feem ntau?" nrog cov kev xaiv xaiv nrog cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb, kev xa xov / sib tham, kev ua si, saib yeeb yaj kiab, mloog nkauj, saib yeeb yaj kiab xws li cov neeg siv tsim cov ntsiab lus, email, kav khw, saib duab liab qab, blogging, thiab lwm yam muaj nyob rau ntawm qhov tsis txaus siab, xav tua tus kheej, thiab yus xav tua yus tus kheej tau nug txog ib qho kev paub rau 12 lub hlis tas los uas muaj 'yog' lossis "tsis muaj" cov lus teb raws li hauv qab no: “Koj puas tau muaj kev tu siab lossis xav tias yuav txaus rau koj lub neej nyob rau ob lub lis piam hauv 12 lub hlis dhau los? ” rau kev nyuaj siab, "Koj puas tau xav txog kev tua tus kheej tiag 12 lub hlis dhau los?" rau kev xav tua tus kheej, thiab "Koj puas tau tua tus kheej XNUMX lub hlis tas los?" rau kev tua tus kheej.
Txheeb cais
Cov ntawv piav qhia tau raug siv rau kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov neeg hauv lub hom phiaj. Txhawm rau soj ntsuam cov koom haum ntawm cov kev siv internet feem ntau, kev nthuav dav thiab kev cuam tshuam ntawm PIU thiab cov lus piav qhia cov zauv, chi-square test thiab tshuaj xyuas qhov sib txawv (ANOVA) tau saws. Txhawm rau tshuaj xyuas qhov sib txawv tsis sib xws rau PIU raws li kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom sib txuas, logistic regression nrog PIU raws li cov neeg tsis paub qab hau tau siv los ntawm ob tus qauv. Thawj tus qauv suav nrog kev sib deev, qib kawm, feem ntau siv internet kev pabcuam, kev ntxhov siab tsis txaus siab, kev tua tus kheej thiab kev tua tus kheej raws li cov lej hloov tsis tau. Tus Qauv 2 ntxiv txog kev noj qab nyob zoo ntawm lub neej thiab tsev kawm ntawv kev ua tiav raws li covariates rau tus qauv 1. Cov kev tshuaj ntsuam tau raug ntsuas siv software pob SPSS 25.0 rau Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL).
tau
Ntaus Demographic
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov pej xeem muaj nyob hauv rooj 1Cov. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, 223,542 nruab nrab- thiab theem siab cov tub ntxhais kawm koom nrog qhov kev tshawb fawb, thiab 52.5% yog txiv neej. Zuag qhia tag nrho ntawm PIU yog 5.8%, thiab cov neeg siv internet muaj feem ntsib PIU yog 3.2%. Feem ntau ntawm PIU raws li kev sib deev yog 7.7% hauv cov tub thiab 3.8% ntawm cov ntxhais. Feem ntawm cov neeg tuaj koom uas tau muaj kev nyuaj siab ntxhov plawv, tua tus kheej, thiab tua tus kheej yog 38.0%, 19.1%, thiab 4.8%, feem.
rooj 1
Ntaus Demographic
| n (%) | |
|---|---|
| Tag nrho cov | 223542 |
| xyoo | |
| 2008 | 75238 (33.7) |
| 2009 | 75066 (33.6) |
| 2010 | 73238 (32.8) |
| Pw ua niam txiv | |
| Txiv neej | 117281 (52.5) |
| Poj niam | 106261 (47.5) |
| qib | |
| Middle-tsev kawm ntawv qib 1 | 38219 (17.1) |
| Tsev Kawm Ntawv Theem Nrab 2nd | 38423 (17.2) |
| Middle-tsev kawm theem 3 | 38280 (17.1) |
| Kev kawm theem siab 1 | 37218 (16.6) |
| Cov kawm qeb ob | 36926 (16.5) |
| Kev kawm theem siab 3 | 34476 (15.4) |
| PIU | |
| Tag nrho cov | 13056 (5.8) |
| Cov neeg siv pheej hmoo siab | 7183 (3.2) |
| Cov neeg siv khoom pheej hmoo | 5873 (2.6) |
| Cov tsos mob tsis txaus ntseeg; yog lawm | 84848 (38.0) |
| Kev xav tua tus kheej; yog lawm | 42728 (19.1) |
| Kev tua tus kheej; yog lawm | 10778 (4.8) |
| Kev Sojntsuam Nyiaj Txiag | |
| High | 13775 (6.2) |
| Siab-theem nrab | 48348 (21.6) |
| Nruab Nrab | 105472 (47.2) |
| Tsawg-theem nrab | 41322 (18.5) |
| Tsawg | 14625 (6.5) |
| Kev Kawm Txog Tsev Kawm | |
| High | 25440 (11.4) |
| Siab-theem nrab | 52399 (23.4) |
| Nruab Nrab | 60448 (27.0) |
| Tsawg-theem nrab | 57183 (25.6) |
| Tsawg | 28072 (12.6) |
Cov tsiaj ntawv luv: PIU, teeb meem siv internet.
Pej Xeem Kev Sib Tham thiab Correlates ntawm PIU Raws Li Kev Siv Is Taws Nem Feem Ntau
Ntawm txhua tus neeg tuaj koom, kev siv internet feem ntau yog internet twv txiaj (35.0%), tom qab ntawd tshawb fawb cov ntaub ntawv (16.2%), sib tham (14.1%), thiab blog (12.1%) (rooj 2 thiab Daim duab 1)). Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tsis txaus ntawm kev siv internet feem ntau sib txawv ntawm cov tub thiab ntxhais (x2 = 9144.0; p <0.001). Thaum cov kev pab cuam feem ntau siv hauv cov tub hluas yog kev twv txiaj hauv internet (58.1%), cov menyuam ntxhais siv blogging (22.1%) thiab sib tham (20.3%) feem ntau.
rooj 2
Koom Nrog Ntawm Kev Siv Is Taws Nem Feem Ntau thiab Tshaj Tawm thiab Kev Sib Koom PIU
| Feem Ntau Siv Kev Pabcuam Is Taws Nem | Kev Tshawb Xyuas Ntaub Ntawv | Neeg xa xov liaison / Sib tham | gaming | Taug Kev Ua Movie | Mloog Dab Neeg Music | Saib Cov Video (ie UCC) | Cov Chaw Zej Zog Hauv Is Taws Nem lossis Chav Kawm | Online Khw | Internet Pornography | blogging | thiab lwm yam | Tag nrho cov | Txheeb cais F lossis χ2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tag nrho cov | ||||||||||||||
| n | 36,150 | 31,446 | 78,325 | 8248 | 21,075 | 2896 | 4032 | 1147 | 5315 | 1716 | 27,142 | 6050 | 223,542 | |
| % | 16.2 | 14.1 | 35.0 | 3.7 | 9.4 | 1.3 | 1.8 | 0.5 | 2.4 | 0.8 | 12.1 | 2.7 | 100.0 | |
| Pw ua niam txiv | ||||||||||||||
| Txiv neej; n | 16,857 | 9873 | 68,139 | 4415 | 7257 | 1158 | 1064 | 313 | 780 | 1565 | 3637 | 2223 | 117,281 | 69144.0 * |
| % | 14.4 | 8.4 | 58.1 | 3.8 | 6.2 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 1.3 | 3.1 | 1.9 | 100.0 | |
| Poj Niam; n | 19,293 | 21,573 | 10,186 | 3833 | 13,818 | 1738 | 2968 | 834 | 4535 | 151 | 23,505 | 3827 | 102,434 | |
| % | 18.2 | 20.3 | 9.6 | 3.6 | 13.0 | 1.6 | 2.8 | 0.8 | 4.3 | 0.1 | 22.1 | 3.6 | 100.0 | |
| Siv Sijhawm Is Taws Nem; Txhais tau tias (SD) | ||||||||||||||
| Hnub Tim; cov sij hawm | 1.1 (1.3) | 1.6 (1.6) | 1.6 (1.8) | 1.3 (1.5) | 1.1 (1.3) | 1.4 (1.4) | 1.7 (1.5) | 1.0 (1.2) | 1.3 (1.3) | 2.0 (3.0) | 1.4 (1.4) | 1.5 (1.7) | 457.5 * | |
| Hnub so; cov sij hawm | 1.8 (1.8) | 2.4 (2.1) | 3.1 (2.5) | 2.4 (2.1) | 1.8 (1.7) | 2.4 (2.1) | 3.0 (2.2) | 1.5 (1.7) | 2.1 (1.8) | 2.8 (3.4) | 2.2 (1.9) | 2.4 (2.3) | 1112.5 * | |
| KS Nplai | 1298.4 * | |||||||||||||
| Txhais tau tias | 27.8 | 29.6 | 33.0 | 29.1 | 27.0 | 29.8 | 32.9 | 26.4 | 27.8 | 36.2 | 28.7 | 28.6 | ||
| SD | 8.6 | 9.0 | 10.5 | 8.9 | 7.7 | 8.9 | 9.7 | 7.7 | 7.8 | 18.1 | 8.1 | 8.9 | ||
| Tag nrho PIU; Yog lawm | 3791.9 * | |||||||||||||
| n | 1217 | 1534 | 7317 | 334 | 516 | 122 | 339 | 25 | 149 | 336 | 911 | 256 | 13,056 | |
| % | 3.4 | 4.9 | 9.3 | 4.0 | 2.4 | 4.2 | 8.4 | 2.2 | 2.8 | 19.6 | 3.4 | 4.2 | 5.8 | |
| Tsuas Yog Lus PIU; Yog lawm | 2624.9 * | |||||||||||||
| n | 666 | 817 | 4026 | 195 | 272 | 60 | 174 | 11 | 84 | 269 | 456 | 153 | 7183 | |
| % | 1.8 | 2.6 | 5.1 | 2.4 | 1.3 | 2.1 | 4.3 | 1.0 | 1.6 | 15.7 | 1.7 | 2.5 | 3.2 | |
| Kho Siab Rov Mob Dua; Yog lawm | 3867.8 * | |||||||||||||
| n | 13,412 | 15,171 | 24,081 | 3307 | 8288 | 1104 | 1585 | 443 | 2225 | 858 | 12,149 | 2225 | 84,848 | |
| % | 37.1 | 48.2 | 30.7 | 40.1 | 39.3 | 38.1 | 39.3 | 38.6 | 41.9 | 50.0 | 44.8 | 36.8 | 38.0 | |
| Kev xav tua yus tus kheej; Yog lawm | 1918.0 * | |||||||||||||
| n | 6107 | 7947 | 12,307 | 1662 | 3999 | 545 | 876 | 212 | 1100 | 533 | 6,208 | 1,232 | 42,728 | |
| % | 16.9 | 25.3 | 15.7 | 20.2 | 19.0 | 18.8 | 21.7 | 18.5 | 20.7 | 31.1 | 22.9 | 20.4 | 19.1 | |
| Kev Sim Siab; Yog lawm | 1386.4 * | |||||||||||||
| n | 1332 | 2458 | 2813 | 401 | 972 | 102 | 180 | 58 | 274 | 235 | 1665 | 288 | 10,778 | |
| % | 3.7 | 7.8 | 3.6 | 4.9 | 4.6 | 3.5 | 4.5 | 5.1 | 5.2 | 13.7 | 6.1 | 4.8 | 4.8 |
Nco ntsoov: * p <0.001.
Cov ntawv sau: PIU, Teeb meem siv internet; UCC, Cov neeg siv-tsim cov ntsiab lus; KS nplai, Is Taws Nem Raug Dab Tsim Nyog rau Daim Ntawv Teev Hluas-Luv Npe; SD, cov qauv sib txawv.
Feem ntau siv internet kev pab cuam raws li kev sib deev (%).
Feem pua ntawm PIU nyob rau hauv cov neeg siv ntawm txhua qhov kev siv internet tseem sib txawv raws li kev siv internet feem ntau (x2 = 3791.9; p <0.001). Feem ntau ntawm PIU yog qhov ntau ntawm cov neeg hluas uas tau siv internet rau kev saib duab liab qab feem ntau (19.6%), tom qab kev twv txiaj (9.3%) thiab internet zej zog (8.4%) (rooj 2 thiab Daim duab 2)). Qhov feem ntawm cov neeg siv internet twv txiaj ntawm tag nrho cov pab pawg ntawm cov uas PIU tau siab tshaj li 56.0%.
Dhau ntawm PIU raws li kev siv internet feem ntau (%).
Cov ntawv sau: PIU, teeb meem siv internet; UCC, cov neeg siv tsim cov ntsiab lus.
Qhov feem ntawm cov neeg koom nrog kev paub dhau los ntawm kev nyuaj siab, qhov kev xav tua tus kheej thiab kev sim kuj yog qhov ntau tshaj ntawm cov neeg hluas uas siv internet rau kev saib duab liab qab feem ntau (50.0%, 31.1% thiab 13.7%, feem), ua raws kev sib tham (48.2%, 25.3 %, thiab 7.8%, feem) thiab blogging (44.8%, 22.9%, thiab 6.1%).
Cov Khib Nyub Sib Txawv Tau Nyob Hauv PIU Pab Pawg Raws Li Cov Pej Xeem thiab Kev Siv Siv Hauv Is Taws Nem
rooj 3 qhia pom qhov txawv ntawm cov sib piv uas tau nyob hauv PIU pab pawg raws li pej xeem thiab kev siv internet kev hloov pauv. Qhov txawv ntawm cov menyuam yaus sib txawv tau nce siab hauv cov tub hluas ntau dua hauv cov menyuam ntxhais (LOSSIS = 1.520; p <0.001). Piv nrog rau cov neeg koom nrog cov yau tshaj, cov pab pawg kawm hnub nyoog loj dua tau qhia ntau qhov sib txawv, 1.274- rau 1.319-ntau dua, rau PIU.
rooj 3
Logistric Regression rau PIU nrog Covariates
| ntau yam | Model 1 | Model 2 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | p | OR | 95% CI | p | |||||
| Pw ua niam txiv | ||||||||||
| Poj niam | referent | |||||||||
| Txiv neej | 1.501 | 1.432 | rau | 1.573 | .000 | 1.520 | 1.450 | rau | 1.593 | .000 |
| qib | ||||||||||
| Middle-tsev kawm ntawv qib 1 | referent | |||||||||
| Tsev Kawm Ntawv Theem Nrab 2nd | 1.303 | 1.223 | rau | 1.387 | .000 | 1.274 | 1.196 | rau | 1.357 | .000 |
| Middle-tsev kawm theem 3 | 1.368 | 1.285 | rau | 1.457 | .000 | 1.327 | 1.246 | rau | 1.413 | .000 |
| Kev kawm theem siab 1 | 1.334 | 1.251 | rau | 1.423 | .000 | 1.286 | 1.205 | rau | 1.373 | .000 |
| Cov kawm qeb ob | 1.310 | 1.226 | rau | 1.399 | .000 | 1.238 | 1.158 | rau | 1.323 | .000 |
| Kev kawm theem siab 3 | 1.404 | 1.313 | rau | 1.501 | .000 | 1.319 | 1.232 | rau | 1.411 | .000 |
| Feem Ntau Siv Kev Pabcuam Is Taws Nem | ||||||||||
| Cov ntaub ntawv tshawb | referent | |||||||||
| Neeg xa xov / sib tham | 1.378 | 1.274 | rau | 1.490 | .000 | 1.285 | 1.188 | rau | 1.391 | .000 |
| gaming | 2.824 | 2.644 | rau | 3.015 | .000 | 2.661 | 2.491 | rau | 2.843 | .000 |
| Saib mauv vim | 1.127 | .995 | rau | 1.276 | .060 | 1.096 | .967 | rau | 1.241 | .152 |
| Mloog suab nkauj | .743 | .668 | rau | .825 | .000 | .733 | .660 | rau | .814 | .000 |
| Saib cov vis dis aus (piv txwv li UCC) | 1.287 | 1.063 | rau | 1.559 | .010 | 1.278 | 1.055 | rau | 1.548 | .012 |
| Cov zej zog Is Taws Nem lossis cov sibntsib | 2.785 | 2.453 | rau | 3.162 | .000 | 2.822 | 2.485 | rau | 3.206 | .000 |
| .682 | .456 | rau | 1.019 | .062 | .658 | .440 | rau | .985 | .042 | |
| Cov lag luam hauv online | .893 | .750 | rau | 1.063 | .203 | .873 | .733 | rau | 1.040 | .128 |
| Internet pornography | 4.944 | 4.311 | rau | 5.670 | .000 | 4.526 | 3.941 | rau | 5.198 | .000 |
| blogging | 1.058 | .967 | rau | 1.158 | .217 | 1.023 | .935 | rau | 1.120 | .616 |
| thiab lwm yam | 1.341 | 1.167 | rau | 1.541 | .000 | 1.335 | 1.162 | rau | 1.535 | .000 |
| Ntxub Thaum Kawg | ||||||||||
| Tsis yog | referent | |||||||||
| Yog | 1.782 | 1.710 | rau | 1.857 | .000 | 1.725 | 1.655 | rau | 1.798 | .000 |
| Kev tua tus kheej | ||||||||||
| Tsis yog | referent | |||||||||
| Yog | 1.813 | 1.728 | rau | 1.903 | .000 | 1.747 | 1.664 | rau | 1.833 | .000 |
| Kev Pab Tu Siab Rau Yus | ||||||||||
| Tsis yog | referent | |||||||||
| Yog | 1.450 | 1.353 | rau | 1.553 | .000 | 1.361 | 1.270 | rau | 1.459 | .000 |
Sau ntawv: Tus Qauv 1 suav nrog kev sib deev, qib kawm, feem ntau siv kev pabcuam hauv internet, kho kev ntxhov siab, kev tua tus kheej thiab kev tua tus kheej ua covariates. Tus Qauv 2 suav nrog kev noj qab nyob zoo ntawm lub neej thiab kev ua tiav hauv tsev kawm yog covariates ntxiv rau tus qauv 1.
Cov ntawv sau: PIU, teeb meem siv internet; UCC, cov neeg siv tsim cov ntsiab lus
Muab piv rau cov tub ntxhais hluas siv internet rau cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb feem ntau, qhov tsis sib xws rau PIU hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas uas siv internet rau kev saib duab liab qab feem ntau yog qhov siab tshaj plaws (LOSSIS = 4.526, p <0.001), tom qab ntawd cov neeg siv internet rau zej zog (LOSSIS = 2.822, p <0.001) thiab kev ua si (LOSSIS = 2.661, p <0.001). Cov neeg siv internet feem ntau mloog cov nkauj (LOSSIS = 0.733, p <0.001) thiab email (LOSSIS = 0.658, p = 0.042) qhia pom qhov sib txawv tsawg ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas siv internet hauv xov xwm tshawb nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv. Tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tsis sib xws ntawm pawg tau siv internet feem ntau rau kev tshawb fawb cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov pab pawg saib yeeb yaj kiab, online khw thiab blog.
Koom Tes Nrog Ntawm Psychopathology thiab Kev Nyab Xeeb rau PIU
Qhov feem ntau ntawm cov neeg koom nrog kev paub txog qhov kev tsis txaus siab, kev xav tua tus kheej, thiab kev tua tus kheej hauv 12 lub hlis dhau los yog qhov ntau tshaj nyob hauv pawg uas tau siv internet ntau tshaj rau kev saib duab liab qab (50.0%, 31.1%, thiab 13.7%, feem), ua raws los ntawm kev xa xov / sib tham (48.2%, 25.3%, thiab 7.8%, feem) thiab blogging (44.8%, 22.9%, thiab 6.1%, feem) ()rooj 2)). Lub xub ntiag ntawm kev nyuaj siab rov, kev tua tus kheej thiab kev tua tus kheej kuj tseem cuam tshuam nrog kev sib piv ntau dua rau PIU ntawm tag nrho cov qauv. (LOSSIS = 1.725, p <0.001; LOSSIS = 1.747, p <0.001; thiab 1.361, p <0.001, feem) ((rooj 3).
kev sib tham
Peb qhov kev tshawb nrhiav tau tshawb xyuas qhov tseeb thiab qhov cuam tshuam ntawm PIU hauv ntau ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas ua raws li kev siv internet feem ntau. Hauv peb txoj kev tshawb nrhiav, tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm PIU yog 5.4%, uas yog piv nrog cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los ua nyob rau lwm lub tebchaws. Ntau cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los ntawm PIU tshaj tawm ntau ntawm PIU nthuav dav. Piv txwv li, ib txoj kev tshawb nrhiav thoob plaws cuaj lub tebchaws nyob sab Europe tau tshaj tawm txog 25%, piv txwv li 14% txog 55% rau txhua lub tebchaws.34 Lwm txoj kev tshawb nrhiav tau ua rau rau 1 lub tebchaws Asian tau tshaj tawm tias kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv kev siv internet soj ntsuam los ntawm Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Nyab Xeeb (IAT) muaj li ntawm 5% hauv Kaus Lim Qab Teb mus rau 13% hauv tebchaws Philippines, thiab kev nthuav dav ntawm PIU li ntawm 46% mus rau XNUMX% Cov.35 Lwm txoj kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj hauv internet kuj tau tshaj tawm txog qhov muaj ntau ntawm cov kabmob nkees nkees ntawm 1% mus rau 18.7%9 thiab txij li 0.8% mus rau 26.7%.8 Cov kev tshawb fawb no tau sib cav hais tias cov kab kev dav dav ntawm kev nthuav dav rau PIU yuav tshwm sim vim tsis muaj qhov sib luag hauv cov txheej txheem, xws li cov ntsiab lus, ntsuas cov cuab yeej thiab txiav tawm rau PIU.8,36 Yog li, kev tshawb nrhiav yav tom ntej nrog kev pom zoo ntau dua cov ntsiab lus thiab kev ntsuas cov cuab yeej rau PIU yog qhov xav tau kom paub meej tias qhov xwm txheej ntawm PIU. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev tshawb xyuas meta nrog 27 qhov kev tshawb fawb txij xyoo 1998 txog 2006 qhia txog qhov nruab nrab ntawm kev twv txiaj hauv internet tsis txaus ntawm 4.7%, txawm tias muaj ntau tus nqi sib kis,37 uas yog xwm yeem nrog peb kawm.
Hauv peb qhov kev kawm, cov tub hluas tau pom tias qhov PIU ntau dua li cov menyuam ntxhais muaj kwv yees li ob npaug. Qhov no yog sib xws tshawb pom nrog ntau cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los uas tshaj tawm tias txiv neej poj niam txiv neej yog qhov phom sij rau PIU.38-40 Txawm li cas los xij, lwm txoj kev tshawb fawb tau tshaj tawm cov qauv sib txawv ntawm kev sib deev sib txawv rau feem ntau ntawm PIU. Piv txwv li, Durkee li al39 tshaj tawm hais tias muaj kev sib txawv me me ntawm kev nthuav dav ntawm PIU tau pom ntawm cov neeg sib deev hauv txoj kev kawm nrog cov tub ntxhais hluas los ntawm 11 European lub teb chaws txawm tias qee cov kev sib txawv ntawm kev sib txawv. Txoj kev tshawb fawb Canadian tseem qhia tias tsis muaj kev sib daj sib deev hauv feem ntau ntawm PIU.15 Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tshawb fawb nrog cov neeg laus los ntawm 9 European lub teb chaws tau tshaj tawm tias tag nrho PIU muaj ntau dua ntawm tus poj niam ntau dua li tus txiv neej.34 Cov kev tsis sib xws txog kev sib deev sib txawv hauv PIU tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm haiv neeg. Txawm li cas los xij, kom nkag siab txog qhov tsis sib xws hauv kev sib deev sib txawv hauv kev nthuav dav ntawm PIU, tshawb xyuas cov kev pabcuam tshwj xeeb uas siv nyob hauv is taws nem los ntawm ob tus poj niam txiv neej yuav tsum ua tib zoo xav txog.
Hauv peb qhov kev kawm, qhov kev siv internet feem ntau ntawm txhua tus neeg tuaj koom yog kev twv txiaj hauv internet tom qab los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshawb, kev xa xov / sib tham, thiab blog. Txawm li cas los xij, kev faib tawm ntawm kev siv internet ntau tshaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov poj niam txiv neej. Whereas cov tub hluas siv nyiaj ntau dhau kev siv internet rau kev twv txiaj tshaj plaws, cov menyuam ntxhais siv internet rau blog thiab messenger / sib tham tshaj plaws. Cov qauv no yog sib luag nrog kev tshawb pom hauv cov kev tshawb fawb dhau los. Cov ntxhais tau tshaj tawm tias lawv tau siv ntau kis xov xwm (74%) thiab kev pabcuam hauv lub network (70%) dua li cov tub hluas hnub nyoog 15 txog 17 (62% thiab 54%, feem).14,41 Dufour li al15 kuj tseem tshaj tawm tias qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm kev siv kev sib txuam ntau dhau hwv thiab blogs yog siab dua cov ntxhais dua li cov tub. Qhov tsis sib xws, kev siv internet twv txiaj tau raug ceeb toom tas li tias cov txiv neej siab dua li poj niam.15,26,34,42 Txawm hais tias yog vim li cas tiag tiag rau cov kev sib deev uas sib txawv hauv kev siv internet tsis tau taub zoo,42 cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los los piav qhia txog kev sib txawv ntawm kev sib deev hauv computer kev koom tes tau tsom rau ntau yam xws li cov ntsiab lus thiab kev tsim ntawm cov kev ua si ib txwm muaj, kev ua phem ntawm cov kev ua si, kev sib tw ntawm cov kev ua si, thiab kev sib raug zoo hauv cov kev ua si.43 Peb qhov kev tshwm sim rau kev siv internet ntau dua rau kev sib tham thiab sib tham thiab kev siv internet qis rau kev ua si ntawm cov ntxhais tshaj li cov tub hluas yuav cuam tshuam nrog cov pov thawj zoo tias poj niam muaj kev sib txuas lus ntau dua, thaum cov txiv neej yog cov ntaub ntawv ntau dua / kev ua haujlwm.44
Hauv peb qhov kev tshawb nrhiav, cov neeg ntawm PIU yog qhov ntau tshaj nyob hauv cov neeg twv txiaj hauv internet (suav ntau tshaj 50% ntawm tag nrho PIU pawg), thiab qhov tsis sib xws rau PIU tseem muaj ntau hauv cov neeg siv internet twv txiaj. Cov kev tshawb pom no muab cov pov thawj txhawb rau cov teeb meem tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev twv txiaj hauv internet thiab kev suav nrog kev twv txiaj hauv internet nyob hauv kev txheeb xyuas cov txheej txheem.26,27 Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tshwm sim ntxiv ntawm cov duab liab qab hauv internet yuav tsum raug sau tseg. Qhov feem ntau ntawm internet pornography raws li kev siv internet feem ntau tsis muaj siab (0.8%) thiab txawm tias tsawg kawg ntawm cov ntxhais (0.1%). Txawm li cas los xij, qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv rau PIU ntawm cov neeg uas siv internet feem ntau rau kev saib duab liab qab yog qhov ntau tshaj, uas cuam tshuam rau lub zog muaj zog ntawm kev saib duab liab qab hauv internet piv rau lwm cov kev pabcuam hauv internet. Yog lawm, kev noj cov duab liab qab tsis yog ib qho teeb meem tshwm sim los ntawm kev siv internet nkaus xwb. Nws tau sib cav tias ntau dhau ntawm cov neeg siv internet tsis yog siv tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv internet tab sis tsuas yog siv internet yog qhov nruab nrab rau lwm yam kev coj ua tsis zoo.45,46 Txawm li cas los xij, cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los tau taw qhia tias kev siv cov duab liab qab hauv internet tau nce, thiab nce "peb npaug A" (kev nkag mus, muaj peev xwm txaus, thiab tsis qhia npe) muab los ntawm is taws nem tau txhim kho kev pheej hmoo rau kev siv duab liab qab online.47 Ntxiv rau, peb txoj kev tshawb pom tsis sib haum nrog kev tshawb pom dhau los ntawm kev kawm dhau los ntawm Rosenkranz et al31 uas tau tshaj tawm tias qhov cuam tshuam qis dua qis qis ntawm kev sib deev ntsiab lus sib piv nrog kev twv txiaj thiab twv txiaj. Cov kev txawv txav no hais txog qhov muaj peev xwm ntxiv los ntawm kev sib deev ntsiab lus ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb yuav tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib raug zoo-ib puag ncig. Yog li, cov kev kawm txuas ntxiv kom nkag siab thiab tiv thaiv cov hluas los ntawm kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev siv teeb meem siv internet duab liab qab yog qhov xav tau.
Lwm qhov kev pom tseem ceeb ntawm peb txoj kev tshawb nrhiav yog qhov kev sib koom ua ke tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib piv siab ntau dua rau PIU thiab psychopathology, suav nrog kev nyuaj siab thiab tua tus kheej thiab sim, uas yog sib xws nrog kev tshawb pom los ntawm kev tshawb fawb dhau los24 uas tau tshaj tawm tias cov pab pawg ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm nrog PIU tau ua rau pom kev ntxhov siab ntau dua thiab tua tus kheej thiab ua rau nws tus kheej raug mob hnyav dua li ib pawg siv internet. Tshwj xeeb, nws tau nthuav tias qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm 'tau' cov lus teb rau kev tsis txaus siab, kev tua tus kheej thiab kev tua tus kheej tau siab dua hauv cov neeg siv kev xa xov / sib tham thiab blog tshaj li cov neeg siv ntawm lwm cov kev pabcuam, tshwj tsis yog cov neeg siv internet pornography, thiab qhov kev faib ua feem no yog qis tshaj nyob hauv cov neeg siv kev twv txiaj hauv internet. Qhov kev tshawb pom pom tau hais tias cov hluas uas muaj kev ntxhov siab nrhiav kev sib tham hauv Is Taws Nem ntau dua kev lom zem. Cov kev tshawb pom no zoo ib yam nrog qhov kev tshawb fawb dhau los24 uas tseem tau tshaj tawm tias muaj kev pheej hmoo siab ntau ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm uas tsis paub PIU ntau dua li cov tub ntxhais kawm uas muaj kev twv txiaj PIU. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm "tau" teb rau kev cuam tshuam kev mob siab, kev tua tus kheej thiab kev tua tus kheej tau muaj ntau tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv internet siv cov duab liab qab. Cov kev tshawb pom no qhia tias kev siv internet feem ntau rau kev saib duab liab qab yog cuam tshuam nrog kev puas siab ntsws, xws li kev nyuaj siab thiab tua tus kheej, nrog rau muaj peev xwm ntxiv tau.
Cov kev txwv
Peb txoj kev kawm muaj qee qhov kev txwv uas yuav tsum tau sau tseg. Txawm hais tias peb tau ua qhov kev tshawb fawb nrog cov qauv loj ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas, peb txoj kev kawm ua raws tus qauv hla ntu, uas txwv txoj kev txhais ntawm causality. Piv txwv li, kev ntxhov siab ntawm ntu, kev tua tus kheej thiab kev tua tus kheej muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev sib piv ntau ntawm PIU, thiab peb tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qhov kev taw qhia ntawm causality. Yog li, kev tshawb nrhiav yav tom ntej nrog kev tsim qauv ntev ntev yog lav. Qhov thib ob, txawm hais tias peb tau sim muab ntau yam kev pab cuam hauv is taws nem uas cov tub ntxhais hluas siv rau hauv cov lus nug, peb tsis suav nrog txhua qhov kev pabcuam. Piv txwv li, kev twv txiaj hauv internet yog ib qho kev txhawj xeeb tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv internet,28 uas tsis muaj nyob hauv daim ntawv nug lus nug. Thib peb, peb txoj kev kawm tau tshawb xyuas nws tus kheej daim ntawv tshaj tawm ntawm cov hluas nyob ib leeg, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam ntawm daim ntawv qhia. Qhov kev tshaj tawm ntawm cov kev puas siab puas ntsws yog paub tias cov lus qhia tsis sib xws, xws li cov niam txiv thiab cov hluas.48 Yog li, tau txais cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm ntau cov ntaub ntawv, suav nrog cov niam txiv, yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ntsuam xyuas tseeb ntawm cov tsos mob puas siab ntsws. Hmoov zoo, kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los tau tshaj tawm tias cov kev tshaj qhia tus kheej los ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas rau cov tsos mob ntawm kev quav yeeb tshuaj xws li haus cawv thiab quav yeeb quav tshuaj muaj ntau dua li muaj kev soj ntsuam tiag tiag tshaj li cov ntawv ceeb toom los ntawm niam txiv.48 Ntxiv rau qhov no, peb tau siv cov ntawv sib txawv los ntsuas kev nyuaj siab, kev xav tua tus kheej, thiab kev tua tus kheej thiab tsis suav nrog cov cuab yeej ntsuas kev ntsuas tus kheej. Txawm hais tias cov khoom tau yooj yim no tau saws los txhim kho cov lus teb los ntawm ib cov lus nug ntawm cov lus nug rau coob leej ntawm cov neeg tuaj koom, qhov no yuav ua rau tsis muaj cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws thiab tsis sib xws ntawm cov koom tiag tiag ntawm PIU thiab cov hluas kev xav, xws li kev nyuaj siab thiab tua tus kheej. Thaum kawg, cov ntaub ntawv hais txog tsev neeg tus yam ntxwv, xws li kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm niam txiv-menyuam thiab kev ua niam ua txiv, tsis muaj nyob hauv qhov kev tshawb fawb, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev hloov kho PIU hauv cov hluas.16 Yog li, cov kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej suav nrog cov ncauj lus ntxaws ntxiv ntawm psychopathology ntawm cov hluas thiab tsev neeg tus yam ntxwv los ntawm ntau cov ntaub ntawv raug lav kom paub meej cov kev tshawb pom tam sim no.
cov lus xaus
Txawm hais tias muaj qee yam kev txwv, peb txoj kev kawm tshawb pom cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb txog PIU hauv cov hluas. Kev faib tawm ntawm cov kev siv internet feem ntau muaj cov qauv sib txawv raws tus poj niam txiv neej. Kev nthuav dav ntawm PIU kuj tseem pom qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb raws li kev siv cov kev siv internet tshwj xeeb. Kev tshawb nrhiav yav tom ntej ntawm PIU nrog cov txheej txheem tau zoo thiab kev ntsuas cov cuab yeej rau txhua cov kev pabcuam hauv is taws nem xav tau los tsim cov tswv yim los tiv thaiv cov tub ntxhais hluas tus kheej los ntawm kev pheej hmoo ntawm PIU.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Cov kws sau ntawv xav ua tsaug rau Ministry of Education, Ministry of Health thiab Welfare, thiab Lub Chaw Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob thiab Tiv Thaiv Kauslim Lub Chaw Tiv Thaiv thiab Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob, uas muab cov ntaub ntawv nyoos.
Kev Qhia Nyiaj Txiag
Qhov haujlwm no tau pab los ntawm National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) uas tau nyiaj los ntawm tseemfwv Kauslim (MSIP; Ministry of Science, ICT & Kev Npaj Haujlwm Yav Tom Ntej) (NRF-2018R1C1B5041143).
Sau cov tswv yim
Txhua tus neeg sau ntawv tau ua ntau yam tseem ceeb rau cov kev xav thiab kev tsim qauv, kis tau cov ntaub ntawv, lossis tshuaj ntsuam thiab txhais cov ntaub ntawv; tau koom nrog hauv kev sau tsab xov xwm lossis hloov kho nws rau cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb kev txawj ntse; muab qhov kev pom zoo kawg ntawm cov qauv los mus luam tawm; thiab pom zoo ua kev lav ris rau txhua yam haujlwm.
Disclosure
Cov sau phau ntawv qhia tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev txaus siab hauv txoj haujlwm no.
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