Tus cwj pwm ntawm kev sib deev thiab tus cwj pwm txuam nrog cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv hauv Bahir Dar University: txoj kev tshawb fawb (2014)

Abstract

Introduction

Hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas raug pheej hmoo ua tus cwj pwm ntawm kev sib deev tau raug lees paub tias kev txhawj xeeb tseem ceeb hauv kev noj qab haus huv, kev sib raug zoo thiab cov neeg hauv lub ntiaj teb tab tom tsim [1]. Cov tub ntxhais hluas thiab cov hluas muaj taus mob ntau yam teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv. Vim tias lawv feem ntau muaj kev sib daj sib deev ntau zaus thiab kev siv lub hnab looj tsis raug cai [2]. Cov txiv neej hluas tej zaum lawv muaj kev sib deev thawj zaug nrog cov niam ntiav, thaum cov pojniam hluas tuaj yeem muaj kev sib deev thawj zaug nrog cov txiv neej laus, ob qhov no muaj feem ntau kis tau tus kabmob kis los ntawm sib deev (STIs) suav nrog Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) [1, 2]. Kev quav yeeb tshuaj ua rau cov neeg siv ua rau muaj qhov pheej hmoo ua plees ua yi xws li muaj kev tiv thaiv kev sib deev uas tuaj yeem tsim kev lag luam, kev sib raug zoo, lub cev, lub hlwb, thiab kev noj qab haus huv2, 3].

Cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv tsev kawm yog nyob rau hauv cov hnub nyoog hluas thiab muaj qhov pheej hmoo ua tus cwj pwm kev sib deev xws li kev tiv thaiv kev sib daj sib deev tsis ua rau tus kabmob HIV, lwm cov kabmob STI thiab kev xav ua cev xeeb tub [4-6]. Cov tub ntxhais hluas ntxhais hluas yog cov poj niam xav paub ntau ntxiv uas ua rau raug rho tawm tsis nyab xeeb, mob hnyav, ntxiv lawm tshob thiab tuag [3, 7].

Cov tub ntxhais hluas hnub nyoog 10 – 24 xyoo tsim puag ncig 1.8 billion thiab sawv cev rau 27% ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov pej xeem [7]. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau sau tseg tias vim lawv nyob hauv cov hnub nyoog ntawm cov hluas, lawv tus cwj pwm coj tus cwjpwm tsis zoo ua rau lawv muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev sib deev [7, 8]. Cov kab mob sib kis los ntawm kev sib deev xws li HIV / AIDS thiab lwm yam teebmeem kev ua me nyuam (RH) yog qhov kev hem thawj loj tshaj plaws rau kev noj qab nyob zoo ntawm cov hluas thiab cov hluas [7, 9].

Thoob plaws ntiaj teb, ib feem peb ntawm 340 lab tus kabmob tshiab sib kis ib xyoos nyob rau cov neeg hnub nyoog qis dua 25 xyoos. Txhua xyoo, ntau dua ib ntawm txhua 20 tus neeg hluas cog lus tias yuav tua tus kabmob STI. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau tshaj tawm ntau dua li ib nrab ntawm txhua tus kabmob HIV tshiab tshwm sim rau cov neeg hnub nyoog 15 txog 24 xyoos7, 10].

Hauv Ethiopia, cov tub ntxhais hluas (hnub nyoog 15 – 24) sawv cev rau ib pawg ntawm lub teb chaws loj tshaj plaws, suav nrog txog 35% ntawm cov neeg [11]. Txhawm rau txhim kho kev sib deev thiab kev ua me nyuam kom noj qab haus huv thiab kev nyob zoo ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas cov neeg, Ethiopia muaj lub teb chaws cov tswv yim thiab cov haujlwm. Qee cov tswv yim yog xa tawm ntawm txhua tus hluas RH-cuam tshuam thiab txoj cai los ntawm poj niam txiv neej, hnub nyoog, kev txij nkawm, thiab chaw nyob; daws cov teeb meem RH tam sim thiab ntev mus ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas; thiab ntxiv dag zog rau kev koom tes nrog ntau haiv neeg los teb rau tus ntxhais hluas lub siab ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov rau kev sib deev thiab tsis yog kev sib daj sib deev [7, 12]. Qee yam ntawm cov haujlwm yog tsim kom muaj kev paub txog kev noj qab haus huv, muab kev pabcuam rau cov hluas, muaj peev xwm ntxiv peev txheej ntawm tib neeg, muaj peev xwm tshawb nrhiav lub sijhawm tshiab thiab nthuav kev sib koom tes ntau yam [7, 12]. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau cuam tshuam cuam tshuam feem ntau rau cov pej xeem vim nws tsis ncaj qha mus rau cov tsev kawm qib siab cov tub ntxhais kawm xav tau thiab kev cia siab, ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv kev coj tus cwj pwm thiab kev siv tshuaj lom neeg lub cev tsawg kawg nkaus [13]. Yog li, kev sib daj sib deev ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas thiab cov hluas tseem yog qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb hauv Ethiopia [11].

Cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los ua nyob hauv lwm cov tsev kawm qib siab hauv Ethiopia pom tau tias 26.9% mus rau 34.2% ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm tau sib deev. Ntawm lawv, 45.2% muaj ntau dua ib tus neeg sib deev thiab 59.4% tau sib deev thawj zaug hauv tsev kawm ntawv theem siab. Ntxiv mus, lub hnub nyoog nruab nrab thaum thawj zaug kev sib deev yog 17.9 xyoo thiab 4.4% ntawm cov neeg koom nrog muaj kev sib deev nrog cov neeg ua lag luam kev sib deev [4, 14-16]. Inadditon, cov kws tshawb fawb sib txawv kuj tau tshaj tawm tias muaj ntau yam sib txawv ua rau lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev sib deev ntawm cov hluas. Ntawm cov, kev haus dej haus cawv thiab kev zom luam yeeb yog qhov muaj feem [4, 17-19].

Txawm hais tias Ethiopia nyob hauv kev sib koom ua ke los txhim kho tus cwj pwm kev sib deev ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas siv lub tswv yim sib txawv, kev ua si thiab cov cai ntawm lub teb chaws, kev mob kis tseem pheej loj hlob tsis tu ncua nyob hauv lub teb chaws tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv kev kawm txuj ci thov lub neej ntawm cov khoom lag luam feem ntau ntawm Ethiopian zej zog uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov nqi hauv zej zog muaj txiaj ntsig thiab nyiaj txiag, ob qho tib si tam sim ntawd thiab xyoo dhau los. Ntxiv mus, kev hloov pauv ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas tus cwj pwm; nws tau suav tias cov tub ntxhais kawm kev coj tus cwj pwm sib txawv hloov sib cuam tshuam ntawm ib cheeb tsam, kev vam meej, kev ua nroog thiab kev coj noj coj ua ntawm cov tib neeg. Tshwj xeeb, Bahir Dar University nyob hauv thaj chaw uas muaj cov neeg taug kev coob, nyiam so haujlwm thiab muaj kev lom zem hmo ntuj uas yuav ua rau cov tub ntxhais kawm koom nrog kev coj tus cwj pwm sib deev sib txawv. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog cov teeb meem saum toj no, muaj paucity ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntau tus sawv cev ntawm tus cwj pwm kev sib deev ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv cov tsev kawm qib siab hauv qib siab hauv tebchaws thiab tseem nyob ntawm Bahir Dar University cov tub ntxhais kawm. Yog li ntawd, lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov kev tshawb fawb no txhawm rau soj ntsuam txog tus cwj pwm kev sib deev thiab cuam tshuam nrog ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia.

txoj kev

Qauv loj thiab piv txwv txheej txheem

Kev txiav txim raws tus qauv loj

Tus qauv loj tau txiav txim siab siv ib tus qauv sib txawv ntawm cov pej xeem xav txog cov kev xav hauv qab no: P = 50% (Qhov feem pua ​​xav tau ntawm kev sib deev ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm), 95% kev ntseeg siab thiab qib yuam kev ntawm 5%.

Tus qauv rau suav qhov loj me piv txwv yog:

Xav tias yog 10% qhov tsis teb, cov nyhuv tsim 2, qhov ntsuas qhov piv txwv yog: n = 384 × 2 + 10% = 768 + 76.7 = 848. Qhov loj ntawm tus qauv xeem yog 848. Txawm li cas los xij, tsuas yog 817 BDU cov tub ntxhais kawm ua tiav daim ntawv nug tiav.

tau

Lub neej zoo kev coj noj coj ua

Tag nrho ntawm 817 tag nrho cov tub ntxhais kawm puv sijhawm nrog cov lus teb ntawm 96.7% koom nrog txoj kev tshawb no. Ntawm cov no, 545 (66.7%) yog txiv neej. Tnws txhais tau tias lub hnub nyoog ntawm cov lus teb yog 21 xyoo ntawm 18 txog 30 xyoo. Feem Ntau 618 (75.6%) ntawm lawv nyob nruab nrab ntawm 20-24 xyoos. Kuvn kev sib raug zoo, 466 (57.1%) yog los ntawm Amhara thiab 147 (18%) yog Oromo. Txog rau kev ntseeg, 624 (76.4%) ntawm cov neeg teb tias yog Orthodox Christian no. Hauv txoj kev kawm no, 704 (86.4%) tseem tsis tau muaj txij nkawm. Tsib puas kaum (62.4%) ntawm cov neeg koom kev kawm yog xyoo ib lossis ob tus tub ntxhais kawm. Txog, 802 (98.2%) ntawm cov neeg soj ntsuam nyob hauv chaw pw chaw ua si (Rooj  1).

 

rooj 1

Kev sib txawv ntawm tib neeg, puas tau muaj kev sib deev, ntau tus khub thiab tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv kev sib deev ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv Bahir Dar University, 2013

Kev nkauj kev nraug

Feem ntau ntawm kev sib deev uas ib txwm muaj yog kev sib deev tau ua yog 297 (36.4%). Hauv qhov kev kawm tam sim no, yav dhau los cov neeg sib deev sib deev tau yog 126 (42.7%) ntawm cov tub ntxhais sib deev. Muaj ntau tus neeg sib deev tau yog 110 (48.5%) thiab 16 (23.5%) hauv txiv neej thiab poj niam, ua raws. Txog ntawm kev siv hnab looj, 113 (38%) ntawm cov neeg sib deev tau siv tiag tiag cov hnab looj thaum sib deev. Saib cov duab liab qab tau pom nyob hauv 534 (65.4%) ntawm cov neeg soj ntsuam. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 421 (77.2%) pom hauv cov txiv neej (Cov lus  1).

Kev sib deev sib deev rau kev sib pauv nyiaj tau pom nyob hauv 12 (4%) ntawm cov neeg sib deev sib deev (Cov lus qhia  2)). Lub hnub nyoog nruab nrab thaum thawj zaug kev sib deev yog 18.6 xyoo. Xya caum ob (24.3%) ntawm cov neeg teb tau pib kev sib deev ua ntej muaj hnub nyoog 18 xyoo. Ntxiv mus, ntawm cov neeg teb leej twg tau deev dua, 174 (58.6%) tau pib sib deev thaum tsev kawm theem nrab. Txawm li cas los xij, 33 (11.1%) tau sib deev thawj zaug hauv tsev kawm ntawv theem pib (Rooj  3).

 

rooj 2

Kev hloov pauv ntawm tib neeg, saib yeeb yaj duab porn, koom nrog cov koom haum hmo ntuj thiab kev sib deev rau kev sib pauv nyiaj ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv Bahir Dar University, 2013

 

rooj 3

Lwm tus kev sib deev thiab kev coj cwj pwm ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm Bahir Dar University hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog txiv neej thiab poj niam, 2013

Hais txog vim li cas rau yav dhau los muaj ntau tus neeg sib deev, nrhiav kev txaus siab rau kev sib deev thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntev yog qhov laj thawj loj hauv cov txivneej thiab pojniam, feem. Ntawm qhov tod tes, ntawm cov neeg teb uas tsis siv hnab looj xwm yeem, 67 (36.4%) tau tshaj tawm tias hnab looj qau txo qis kev txaus siab rau kev sib deev. Ntxiv mus, kev siv hnab looj txo qis kev sib deev txaus siab yog qhov laj thawj ntawm cov txiv neej thaum muaj kev hlub nrog tus khub yog qhov laj thawj loj ntawm cov pojniam rau kev tiv thaiv kev sib deev (Rooj  3)). Ib qho tseem ceeb ntxiv, yuav tsum tau tos kom txog txij nkawm, 363 (69.8%) yog qhov laj thawj loj heev uas tsis pib sib deev thiab lwm qhov laj thawj tau teev nyob hauv Table  3.

Puas tau muaj kev sib deev nrog cov neeg ua lag luam kev sib deev tau tshaj tawm los ntawm 27 (7.4%) ntawm cov neeg soj ntsuam. Rau caum plaub (21.5%) ntawm cov tub ntxhais sib deev muaj kev paub txog kev sib deev nrog cov neeg laus. Kev sib daj sib deev tom qab saib cov yeeb yaj duab porn, haus dej haus cawv thiab kev zom zaub mov tau raug sau tseg hauv 73 (24.6%), 102 (34.3%) thiab 51 (17.2%) ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm uas tau sib deev txhua lub sijhawm (Cov lus  3).

Ntau txoj kev tsom xam txog ntawm tus cwj pwm kev sib deev

Ntawm kev txheeb xyuas ntau yam xwm txheej, hnub nyoog sib txawv tau muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog kev sib deev thiab saib cov duab liab qab. Cov neeg teb uas muaj hnub nyoog 20–24 xyoo (AOR = 9.5, CI = 3.75 - 23.85) thiab> 24 xyoo (AOR = 3.65, CI = 1.7 - 7. 8) feem yog 10 thiab 3.6 npaug feem ntau yuav muaj kev sib deev. Cov, cov lus teb hauv cov hnub nyoog pab pawg> 24 xyoo tau 3 lub sijhawm saib cov duab liab qab ntau dua li cov tub ntxhais kawm hnub nyoog ntawm 20 xyoo (AOR = 3.0, CI = 1.05 - 8.39). Zoo li no, kev sib deev sib txawv pom tias muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog keeb kwm ntawm saib cov yeeb yaj duab porn, koom nrog hmo ntuj thiab yeej tau muaj kev sib deev rau kev sib pauv nyiaj. Tus txiv neej cov neeg teb yog 4.1 zaug ntawm lub sijhawm dhau los uas tau saib cov yeeb yaj duab porno piv rau poj niam cov txiv neej (AOR = 4.1, CI = 2.88 - 5.75). Txawm li cas los xij, poj niam cov neeg teb tau yuav luag 3.7 zaug los ua kev sib daj sib deev rau kev sib pauv nyiaj piv rau txiv neej cov txiv neej (AOR = 3.7, CI = 1.04 - 13.2) (Rooj  4)). Txuas ntxiv, ntau tus txiv neej yog cov neeg koom hmo ntuj ntau dua li poj niam (AOR = 2.3, CI = 1.25 -3.43) (Cov Lus  5).

 

rooj 4

Bivariate thiab multivariate tsom xam ntawm cov xwm txheej cuam tshuam nrog kev sib deev tas li, muaj ntau tus khub sib deev, thiab kev sib deev rau kev sib pauv nyiaj ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm Bahir Dar University, 2013

 

rooj 5

Bivariate thiab Multivariate tsom xam ntawm cov xwm txheej cuam tshuam nrog saib yeeb yaj duab porn, koom nrog cov koom haum hmo ntuj thiab kev sib deev nrog cov neeg ua lag luam sib deev ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm Bahir Dar University, 2013

Qhov feem ntawm puas tau muaj kev sib deev tsis txawv txav ntau nyob rau xyoo ntawm kev kawm thiab kev ntseeg. Zoo li no, muaj ntau tus neeg sib deev tsis txawv txav ntau los ntawm kev sib deev, kev ntseeg thiab kev coj ua zoo (Rooj  4)). Kev faib ua feem ntawm cov tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv kev sib deev tsis txawv txav raws lub hnub nyoog, poj niam txiv neej, chaw nyob, xyoo ntawm kev kawm, kev coj ncaj ncees, kev ntseeg thiab lwm yam kev piav qhia.

Cov tub ntxhais kawm uas saib cov duab liab qab yog 1.8 lub sijhawm muaj kev sib deev ntau dua piv rau cov tsis siv (AOR = 1.8, CI = 1.19 - 2.59). Ib yam li ntawd, cov neeg teb cov neeg uas saib cov yeeb yaj duab porn yog 2.8 lub sijhawm ntau dua ntawm kev sib deev ntau dua piv rau cov uas tsis saib cov yeeb yaj duab porn (AOR = 2.8, CI = 1.12 - 6.9). Cov neeg koom hmo ntuj yog 7 zaug ntawm kev sib deev (AOR = 7.4, CI = 4.23 -12.92) (Rooj  4)). Ib yam li ntawd, mus koom cov koom txoos thaum hmo ntuj tseem yog cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb uas ua rau muaj kev sib deev nrog cov neeg ua lag luam sib deev (AOR = 4.6, CI = 1.8- 11.77) (Rooj  5).

Haus dej cawv kom tsis tu ncua (AOR = 1.9, CI = 1.35 - 2.83) kuj yog qhov cuam tshuam rau lub sijhawm sib deev tas li. Qhov feem ntawm muaj ntau tus neeg sib deev tau ntau dua qee zaum qee tus neeg haus cawv ntau dua li tus tsis haus cawv (AOR = 2.8, CI = 1.4 - 5.6) (Cov Lus  4)). Txhawm rau koom nrog cov koom txoos thaum hmo ntuj, haus cawv tsis xwm yeem (AOR = 9.5, CI = 5.2 - 17.5) thiab tsis tu ncua (AOR = 3.3, CI = 1.1 - 10.1) kuj tseem ceeb ntawm lub rooj (Cov Lus  5).

Muaj ntau tus neeg sib deev tau kuj yog 2.8 lub sijhawm ntau dua ntawm khat chewers piv rau cov tsis yog chewers (AOR = 2.8, CI = 1.4 - 5.69). Kev zom zom ua si tseem ua rau muaj kev sib deev sib deev kom tau nyiaj (AOR = 8.5, CI = 1.31 - 55.5) (Rooj  4)). Ntxiv mus, zom luam yeeb tsis tu ncua (AOR = 1.98, CI = 1.08 - 3.64) thiab haus cawv (AOR = 4.78, CI = 3.17-7.20) tau muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev saib yeeb yaj duab porn (Rooj  5).

kev sib tham

Hauv qhov kev kawm no 36.4% ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm tau sib deev txhua lub sijhawm. Qhov txiaj ntsig no piv rau kev tshawb nrhiav hauv Nigeria (34%) [24]. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev faib ua feem no tau siab dua qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm BSS-II (9.9%) [23], kev tshawb fawb los ntawm lwm cov tebchaws (26.9% rau 34.2%), Ethiopia [4, 14-16] thiab kev tshawb nrhiav hauv Indian tsev kawm ntawv (5% rau poj niam thiab 15% rau txiv neej cov tub ntxhais kawm) [[25]. Hauv kev sib piv, nws yog qis tshaj piv rau lwm cov kev tshawb fawb hauv Africa. Piv txwv li, 49% rau 59% ntawm puas tau sib deev hauv tsev kawm qib siab thiab University cov tub ntxhais kawm tau tshaj tawm hauv South Africa [26] thiab Uganda [27]. Cov lus piav qhia txog qhov txawv ntawm qhov sib piv ntawm kev sib deev ntawm cov neeg hluas ntawm kev tshawb fawb sib txawv yuav yog vim muaj kev sib txawv hauv keeb kwm kev coj noj coj ua yav dhau los, kab lis kev cai ntawm tib neeg, nrog rau qhov sib txawv ntawm kev paub, tus yam ntxwv thiab kev coj ua rau HIV / AIDS.

Lub hnub nyoog thaum xub pib deev kev sib deev yog qhov ntsuas tseem ceeb ntawm kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev pheej hmoo ntawm cev xeeb tub thiab kab mob sib kis. Lub hnub nyoog nruab nrab thaum thawj zaug kev sib deev (18.6 xyoo) rau txiv neej thiab poj niam hauv qhov kev kawm no piv rau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm EDHS (18.2 xyoo) [22], lwm cov tsev kawm qib siab hauv Ethiopia [14-16] thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv Madagascar (18.4 xyoo) [26]. Hauv kev sib piv, lub hnub nyoog nruab nrab ntawm thawj zaug kev sib deev yog siab dua li kev tshawb pom ntawm Jimma University (17.7 xyoo) [4] thiab Gomo Gofa (17 xyoo) [28]. Ntxiv mus, ntau dua ib nrab (58.6%) ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm kev sib deev tau muaj kev sib deev thawj zaug hauv tsev kawm theem nrab. Qhov no yoog nrog kev kawm ntawm lwm cov Tsev Kawm Ntawv Qeb Siab hauv Ethiopia txij li 58.5% mus rau 75.2% [4, 14-16]. Qhov no yuav qhia tau tias teeb meem kev sib deev thaum ntxov yog qhov teeb meem tsis yog nyob hauv tsev kawm qib siab xwb, tab sis kuj tseem nyob hauv tsev kawm theem siab thiab theem qis. Yog li, cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv tsev kawm theem nrab yuav tsum yog lub hom phiaj nrog kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv thaum cov hluas ua rau muaj kev tsis txaus siab ua ntej ntawm kev sib deev. Cov tshwm sim ntawm ntau logistic regression qauv qhia lub hnub nyoog ntsig txog kev faib ua feem ntawm puas tau muaj rab qau ntawm qhov paum qhov twg muaj hnub nyoog nce qhov feem ntawm kev sib deev tau nce. Cov neeg teb cov muaj hnub nyoog 20 xyoo thiab laus dua pom dua cov neeg hauv qab 20 xyoo qhia tias lawv muaj kev sib deev. Qhov no yog tuaj nrog cov lus ceeb toom los ntawm 2011 EDHS [22].

Qhov feem ntawm puas tau muaj ntau tus neeg sib deev ntawm cov neeg uas muaj kev sib deev sib deev yog 42.7%. Zoo sib xws kev tshawb pom tau sau tseg hauv Bahir Dar nroog ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm tsev kawm qib siab [29] thiab hauv Gonder [30]. Txawm li cas los xij, tus nqi siab ntawm ntau tus neeg sib deev tau qhia hauv Wolaita University [31]. Hauv kev sib piv, kev kawm hauv Haramaya [15] thiab Jimma University [4] tshaj qhia tus nqi qis dua puas tau deev ntau leej neeg. Qhov sib txawv tuaj yeem yog vim muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ntsuas qhov loj me, kev kawm cov neeg thiab lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab raws kev cuam tshuam kev hloov cwj pwm.

Koom nrog tus cwj pwm pheej hmoo xws li Khat zom, haus cawv, koom nrog hmo ntuj thiab saib cov duab liab qab yog qhov nws tus kheej tau cuam tshuam txog qhov uas yuav muaj kev sib deev thiab muaj ntau tus neeg sib deev. Nws yog nyob rau hauv txoj kab nrog kev kawm los ntawm Slovakia [32] thiab lwm cov tsev kawm qib siab hauv Ethiopia [4, 14-16]. Qhov no tuaj yeem yog vim muaj kev pheej hmoo pom kev muaj peev xwm txo qis nrog kev haus cawv thiab khat noj raws li cov tub ntxhais kawm yuav tsis muaj peev xwm txiav txim siab txiav txim siab thiab lawv kuj tsis tuaj yeem twv seb qhov ua tau teeb meem loj ntawm lawv qhov kev ua.

Qhov ntau zaus ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev sib deev tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv hauv qhov kev kawm no (62%) tau muab piv nrog kev kawm ua tiav hauv Jimma University (57.6%) [4] thiab kev kawm ntawv siab ntawm Cambodia [33]. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tau siab dua kev kawm los ntawm Medawolabu University (40.4%), Ethiopia [34]. Ntxiv mus, qib kev siv tiag tiag (38%) ntawm cov tub ntxhais sib deev tau qis dua lwm qhov kev tshawb fawb, Ethiopia [15, 29, 34] uas teev cia 48% - 81% kev siv tiag tiag li hnab looj. Qhov no tuaj yeem yog vim qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas tus cwj pwm, qhov sib txawv ntawm kev paub txog kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev coj tus cwj pwm kev sib deev, teeb meem kev muaj me nyuam thiab kev txawj ntse ntawm kev siv hnab looj.

Raws li txoj kev tshawb no, 7.4% ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm sib deev tau sib deev nrog cov neeg ua lag luam sib deev. Qhov no yog qis dua kev tshawb pom ntawm lwm lub tsev kawm hauv Ethiopia [4, 31, 34] qhov twg tus nqi ntawm kev sib deev nrog cov neeg ua lag luam pw ua ke yog 13.9% rau 24.9%. Qhov sib txawv no tej zaum yuav txawv ntawm qhov kev paub txog hom kev sib kis thiab kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev sib deev ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv cov tsev kawm qib siab sib txawv. Txawm hais tias kev mus koom cov koom txoos thaum hmo ntuj yog qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev sib deev nrog cov neeg ua lag luam sib deev nkaus xwb, Bahir Dar University tau pib txoj cai tswjfwm uas yuav txwv cov tub ntxhais kawm tsis pub koom cov koom haum hmo ntuj. Txoj cai muaj kev tiv thaiv cov tub ntxhais kawm kom tsis txhob nyob sab nraud lub sijhawm thaum hmo ntuj.

Hauv qhov kev kawm no, qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib deev sib deev vim yog nyiaj yog 4%. Nws yog qhov sib piv nrog kev sib txuam sib luag ntawm lwm cov Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Ethiopia (4.4%) [4, 14, 15]. Hauv kev sib piv, nws tseem qis dua lwm qhov kev kawm hauv Bahir Dar nroog [35] cov tub ntxhais kawm ntiav hauv tsev kawm qib siab thiab Addis Ababa qhov kev sib deev sib deev ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas yog 20.6% [36] thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv tsev kawm qib siab yog 14.5% [37]. Kev sib pauv nyiaj kom tau nyiaj tau coj los siv ntau rau poj niam ntau dua li txiv neej.

Hauv ntau lub sawm fem cov ntxhais hluas muaj kev sib deev nrog tus txiv neej uas nyiam laus dua lawv. Qhov kev coj ua no tuaj yeem pab txhawb kev kis tus kabmob HIV thiab lwm tus kabmob STIs vim tias cov txiv neej laus muaj ntau dua raug tus kab mob no. Hauv qhov kev tshawb fawb no, 21.5% ntawm cov neeg siv dag zog sib deev tau sib deev nrog cov neeg laus. Zoo sib xws, raws li EDHS txoj kev tshawb nrhiav, ntau dua 21% ntawm cov poj niam hnub nyoog 15-19 uas muaj kev sib deev nrog kev sib deev nrog tus txiv neej kaum lossis ntau dua xyoo laus dua lawv thiab tsawg tus txiv neej hluas, <1% tau sib deev nrog cov poj niam laus dua [22].

Qhov feem ntawm saib cov yeeb yaj duab porn hauv qhov kev kawm no (65.4%) piv rau lwm cov kev nrhiav hauv Ethiopia (47.2%) [30]. Txawm li cas los xij, peb qhov kev tshawb pom tau zoo dua li cov kev tshawb fawb tau ua hauv Medawolabu (15.6%) [34] thiab Jimma Universities (32.4%) [4]. Qhov feem ntau siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev saib cov duab liab qab tau tshawb pom ntawm cov txivneej thiab cov muaj hnub nyoog> 24 xyoo cov neeg teb. Qhov no tej zaum yuav cuam tshuam nrog kev ua neej ntawm kev sib txawv.

Hauv qhov kev tshawb fawb no, qhov sib piv ntawm kev mus kawm cov koom haum hmo ntuj yog sib piv nrog kev kawm hauv Bahir Dar nroog ntiav tsev kawm ntawv qib siab [29] thiab Jimma cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv [4]. Cov txiv neej cov neeg teb tau 2.2 lub sijhawm los koom rau cov koom haum hmo ntuj dua li poj niam. Qhov no tej zaum yuav cuam tshuam nrog cov txiv neej xav tias muaj kev ywj pheej ntau dua thiab kev nplij siab mus koom cov koom txoos yav hmo ntuj ntau dua li cov poj niam vim tias hauv zej zog muaj kev coj noj coj ua. Qhov sib txawv ntawm kev coj noj coj ua tseem sib raug zoo nrog koom nrog cov koom haum hmo ntuj (Rooj  5)). Qhov no yuav cuam tshuam nrog kev coj noj coj ua txawv thiab kev cuam tshuam ntawm qhov tseem ceeb thiab cov cai ntawm lub zej zog.

Qhov loj ntawm qhov kev kawm no yog qhov ntawm kev tshawb fawb hla ib feem uas tej zaum yuav tsis piav qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ib ntus ntawm cov txiaj ntsig tshwm sim thiab qee qhov piav qhia hloov pauv. Cov ntsiab lus kawm tshawb fawb los ntawm nws tus kheej ntsuas cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov teeb meem nkag siab ntsig txog kev sib deev uas tej zaum yuav ua rau kev tsis muaj kev xav tau. Yog li, qhov pom ntawm kev kawm no yuav tsum tau txhais nrog cov kev txwv no.

cov lus xaus

Txoj kev tshawb no tau qhia meej meej ntxiv txog kev coj tus cwj pwm kev sib deev ntawm Bahir Dar University cov tub ntxhais kawm. Tus cwj pwm kev sib daj sib deev xws li kev sib deev thaum hnub nyoog ntxov, muaj ntau tus neeg sib deev, tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv kev sib deev, thiab kev sib deev nrog cov neeg ua lag luam pw ua ke yog qhov kev coj ua ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv Bahir Dar University. Siv tshuaj yeeb dej caw, mus koom hmo ua si thiab saib duab vis dis aus tau raug paub tseeb tias ua rau muaj kev coj cwj pwm sib deev txawv txawv. Yog li, cov kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv yuav tsum ua kom muaj zog, ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab saib xyuas ob qho tib si hauv tsev kawm ua ntej thiab hauv tsev kawm qib siab.

Cov ntaub ntawv sau npe

WML Pab xibfwb qhia ntawv nyob hauv Tsev Kawm Qib Siab Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv thiab Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Science, Bahir Dar University hauv Kev Kho Mob Microbiology. BAB Tus Lwm Thawj Coj ntawm Medical microbiology, lub hauv paus haujlwm ntawm Microbiology, Immunology thiab Parasitology ntawm College of Medicine thiab Health Science, Bahir Dar University. MYM Pab xib fwb hauv Tsev Kawm Ntawv Qib Siab Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv thiab Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Science, Bahir Dar University hauv Kev Kho Mob Parasitology.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Tshooj ntawv

Cov Ntaub Ntawv Qhia Ntxiv

Zememagegn Mulu, Email: moc.oohay@23_mednoW.

Mulat Yimer, Email: moc.liamg@talumremiy.

Bayeh Abera, Email: moc.liamg@51arebaeyab.

References