Suʻega o le Tulaga Faʻataonia o le Tulaga Faʻatino ma le Fausiaina o Taʻaloga Vitio Pathological Faʻaaoga (2015)

Behav Sci (Basel). 2015 Dec 15;5(4):602-25. doi: 10.3390/bs5040602.

Groves CL1, Nuuese D2, Tapscott RL3, Lynch PJ4.

LINI I LE SUʻESUʻEGA SUʻESUʻEGA

lē faʻatino

E tolu suʻesuʻega na suʻesuʻeina le fausiaina o le faʻaogaina o taaloga vitio pathological ma faʻataʻitaʻiina lona aoga faʻamaonia. O le toe faia o suʻesuʻega talu ai, suʻesuʻega 1 na maua ai faʻamaoniga o le faʻaogaina o le aoga i le 8th ma le 9th graders (N = 607) faʻavasegaina o tagata taʻaloga pathological. O le su'esu'ega 2 na toe faia ma fa'alautele mea na maua o le su'esu'ega 1 fa'atasi ma tamaiti a'oga kolisi (N = 504). O le faʻamaoniaga faʻamaonia na faʻavaeina i le suʻesuʻega 3 e ala i le fuaina o faʻamatalaga faʻaalia i taaloga vitio i kolisi kolisi (N = 254), e pei o tagata taʻaloga pathological na sili atu ona faʻaalia lagona ma tuʻuina atu le maualuga o iloiloga faʻavae o taaloga vitio nai lo tagata e le o pathological ma tagata e le o ni taʻaloga. O suʻesuʻega e tolu na faʻafeiloaʻi e faʻaalia ai o le faʻaogaina o taaloga vitio faʻapitoa e foliga tutusa ma isi vaisu i ana mamanu o fesoʻotaʻiga ma isi fausaga. O lo'o fa'atalanoaina vaega fa'apitoa ma fa'amatalaga o le Initaneti Gaming Disorder.

Lautele Talanoaga

I le Suʻesuʻega 1 ma le 2, na matou faʻataʻitaʻiina taaloga vitio faʻamaʻi faʻatasi ma tagata eseese ma fua eseese. Talu ai o loʻo i ai ni faʻataʻitaʻiga faʻapitoa mo isi vailaʻau ma amioga ua fai ma vaisu, e pei o le faʻaleagaina o le tagata, matou te valoia e tatau ona faʻaalia le faʻaogaina o ata vitio faʻatasi ma le ita [46], amio fa'asaua [47], amioga fa'afeagai, ma le fiafia i sauaga i ta'aloga. Na fa'aalia vaega ta'itasi. Pe a faatusatusa i tagata taʻaloga e le o faʻamaʻi faʻamaʻi, o tagata taʻaloga faʻamaʻi na sili atu le togi i luga o fuataga o uiga ita, auai i tulaga maualuga o amioga faʻafeagai ma le faʻamalosi, ma sili atu le fiafia i sauaga i taaloga vitio. O le sili atu o le fiafia mo sauaga i taaloga vitio i le va o taaloga vitio e mafai ona finauina o se faamaoniga o le faapalepale [48,49]. E le gata i lea, o fesoʻotaʻiga taua i le va o taʻaloga vitio faʻamaʻi ma uiga faʻamalosi ma le faʻaleagaina e faʻaalia ai le faʻalavelave faʻalavelave faʻaleagaina o uiga faʻaleagaina mo taʻaloga vitio pathological, e ui lava e leai ni suʻesuʻega faʻapitoa na faia i lenei suʻesuʻega.

Mo le faʻataʻitaʻiga a le kolisi, o faʻaiʻuga e tutusa lelei ma iʻuga o talavou laiti e ui lava e ese le fuaina mai le Suʻesuʻega 1. Ae ui i lea, o nisi o nei sootaga e leʻi ausia le faʻailoga mo le taua o fuainumera i lenei faʻataʻitaʻiga tuai. O tagata ta'aalo fa'aleaganu'u na togi maualuga i luga o se uiga ese'ese uiga fa'ata'ita'i fua, ma lipotia le maualuga maualuga o amioga fa'afeagai ma le fa'aleaga. O tagata taʻaloga faʻamaʻi na sili atu foi nai lo tagata e le o ni faʻamaʻi faʻamaʻi e lipotia le fiafia i le tele o sauaga i taaloga vitio. O lenei faʻataʻitaʻiga faʻapitoa e faʻaalia ai faʻamaoniga lelei o le malosi o le fausiaina, ae faʻaalia e ono vaivai le aʻafiaga i tamaiti aʻoga kolisi. E ui lava o le fausiaina o taʻaloga pathological na suʻesuʻeina i le tele o vaitausaga (faʻataʻitaʻiga, [50,51]), e toʻaitiiti lava lomiga na tuʻuina atu suʻega o vaitausaga eseese e lua i le lipoti e tasi (faʻataʻitaʻiga, [46]). O le mea lea, o le galuega o loʻo i ai nei e faʻaopoopo i nei suʻega talu ai i le lagolagoina o le faʻalauteleina o lenei fausiaina i le tele o vaitausaga.

O le faʻateleina o taʻaloga vitio pathological na maualalo i le suʻesuʻega 2 nai lo le suʻesuʻega 1 (6% ma le 12% o tagata taʻalo, i le faasologa). E tele mafua'aga e maualalo ai le fa'atupuina o tupulaga matutua nai lo talavou. Muamua, na matou suia a matou mea ina ia sili atu ona faʻamalosi i itu e fa. O mea na tusia e faʻataʻitaʻia ai le DSM-IV pathological gambling criteria sili atu ona vavalalata (ona o nei faʻamaumauga na aoina aʻo leʻi maua le DSM-5), ae mo tupulaga talavou o mea na faʻavae i luga o nei taʻiala, ae na faʻamatalaina ina ia malamalama i ai. vasega 8. E faapena foi, e lua mea faaopoopo na tusia e fetaui ma le DSM sili atu ona vavalalata, tasi le mea na pa'ū ma le diagnostic cut-point na siitia mo tamaiti aoga kolisi. Lona lua, o filifiliga na tu'uina atu i ē na tali mai na fa'amālosia mo tamaiti a'oga kolisi i le Su'esu'ega 2, lea o le tele o aitema e na'o le ioe/leai filifiliga, ae o le tele o aitema e ioe/leai/o nisi taimi filifiliga mo tupulaga talavou ma o nisi taimi e fa'avasegaina i le "ioe" mo le tele. mea. E tusa ai ma lenei tulaga, matou te matauina nisi o mataupu o tamaiti aʻoga e makaina le "le iloa" i luga o le tele o mea nai lo le makaina o le "ioe". O le tele o nei mataupu e foliga mai o ni faʻamaʻi pe a mafaufau i la latou faʻataʻitaʻiga atoa o le faʻaaogaina o taaloga vitio, ae na faʻavasegaina e le o ni faʻamaʻi ona oa tatou tulaga faʻapitoa. Na pau lava le mea e ofo ai, o tagata taʻaloga pathological e leʻi eseese a latou faʻailoga i le faʻalavelaveina o taʻaloga. E mafai ona finau mai se auala e tali atu ai e faapea e tatau i tagata taaalo pathological ona sili atu le le fiafia o taaloga, ae e mafai foi ona avea ma tulaga e sili atu le tomai o tagata taaalo pathological ma o lea e le maua ai le le fiafia o taaloga. O le leai o so'o se aafiaga taua e le fa'amalamalamaina ai nei manatu fa'atauva e lua.

Tolu, atonu o tamaiti a'oga kolisi e itiiti le fa'alavelave i taaloga vitio fa'ama'i ona o lo latou avea o se vaega e masani ona maualuga le galuega. Ma le mea mulimuli, atonu o loʻo aʻafia ai le eseesega o le atinaʻe, e faʻapea o talavou laiti e sili atu ona afaina i taaloga vitio faʻamaʻi, masalo ona e itiiti a latou manaʻoga mo o latou taimi nai lo tamaiti aʻoga kolisi. O lenei su'esu'ega e le fa'atagaina i tatou e iloa po'o fea, pe afai ei ai, o nei fa'amatalaga mo le eseesega i fua faatatau masani. Afai ei ai se fa'aituau i la tatou faiga ma tupulaga matutua atu, e mafai e a tatou pasene ona manatu faatauvaa i le taatele i lenei vaitausaga. O se suʻesuʻega a le atunuʻu o talavou Amerika mai le 8 i le 18 tausaga na faʻaalia ai le faʻateleina i le 8.5% o tagata taaalo [6]. Ae ui i lea, o sootaga taua i le va o taaloga vitio ma le ita, osofaʻiga, ma le fiafia i sauaga i nei suʻesuʻega e lua e faʻafeiloaʻi e fautua mai ai o taʻaloga vitio faʻataʻitaʻi e pei ona fuaina e le DSM-style checklist o loʻo faʻaalia mamanu tutusa ma isi vaisu.

I le Su'esu'ega 3, e ta'i tolu ta'aloga ta'ito'atasi ma tu'uina atu fa'amatalaga e uiga io latou lagona fa'alagona ma fa'amasino le tele o vaega o ta'aloga. Fa'ata'ita'iga, e tatau i tagata ta'aloga pathological ona fa'aalia fa'amaoniga o le fa'atuputeleina. E pei ona fa'ata'ita'iina, na lipotia mai e le au ta'aloga fa'ama'i le tele o suiga i tulaga fa'alagona ma fa'amauina o latou aafiaga i le ta'alo i ta'aloga e sili atu le lelei nai lo tagata ta'aloga e le o fa'ama'i ma tagata e le o ni ta'aloga.

O faiga fa'alagona a le au ta'a'alo fa'aleaganu'u i le ta'alo i ta'aloga sa lavelave, peita'i, e tatau ona va'aia ma le fa'aeteete la tatou fa'auigaga se'ia mafai ona toe fa'atusaina e nisi su'esu'ega. O se tasi faʻamatalaga e faapea o tagata taʻaloga pathological na lipotia mai le faʻaitiitia o le vevesi ma le ita pe a uma ona taʻalo atonu ona na maua ai se "faʻaleleia". Na lipotia mai e le au taaalo Pathological le lagona o le tuulafoaiina, faanoanoa, ma le le fiafia ma sili atu le malosi pe a uma ona taaalo. Tuuina atu o se tasi o faʻataʻitaʻiga mo vaisu o le tagata taʻalo e faʻaosofia e taʻalo e sola ese mai tulaga faʻalagona le lelei, o nei faʻamatalaga e lagolagoina ai le manatu o tagata taʻaloga pathological e fesoʻotaʻi ma taʻaloga ma faʻaitiitia lagona le lelei. Ae ui i lea, sa latou lipotia foi le lagona le toafilemu, toafilemu, ma le fiafia. E foliga tutusa lava ma le faʻaalia o faʻamatalaga masani, pe a faʻaalia i se faʻaosofiaga e fesoʻotaʻi ma vaisu e faʻateleina ai faʻamaoniga o le alu ese ma le manaʻo (faʻataʻitaʻiga, [52,53]). E le gata i lea, e le o manino le ata pe a mafaufau i le fiafia ma le ita. O nisi tagata taʻaloga faʻamaʻi e sili atu le fiafia ma faʻaitiitia le ita pe a uma ona taʻalo, ae o nisi na faʻaalia le faʻafeagai. Atonu o nei fa'ai'uga na mafua mai i le faiga o le lisi o siaki e fuaina ai lagona, nai lo le fesili pe fa'afefea lagona o tagata auai. Matou te fautuaina le suʻesuʻega i le lumanaʻi e fuaina tali faʻalagona i taʻaloga e faʻatatau le tele o latou lagona taʻitasi, nai lo le lisi faʻavasega faʻaoga e le MAACL. Afai e leai se isi mea, o le a sili atu ona maaleale i suiga. Manatua e le tutusa lea ma le gaioiga masani faʻaalia, aua o le taʻalo i se taaloga vitio mo le 20 minute e sili atu nai lo le "cue". Ae ui i lea, o faʻamaumauga na lagolagoina le manatu muamua e faʻapea o tagata taʻaloga pathological o le a sili atu ona faʻaalia lagona i le taʻalo i taaloga vitio.

Pe a fuaina le poto masani i taaloga mo taaloga taitasi, e sili atu le lelei o tagata ta'aloga fa'ama'i i ta'aloga nai lo tagata e le o ta'aloga ma tagata ta'aloga e le fa'ama'i. Na latou manatu o taaloga e sili atu ona faʻafiafia, faʻafiafia, malie, faʻafefe, faʻaosofia, fiafia, faʻaosoina, faʻaosofia, ma fai ma vaisu nai lo tagata e le o taʻaloga ma tagata e le faʻaleagaina. Na latou fa'avasegaina fo'i ia ta'aloga e le'i fa'a'au'au nai lo isi tagata auai. E pei ona valoia, e le'i eseese i latou i fa'avasegaga o uiga fa'amoemoe o ta'aloga, e pei o le saua, fa'atosina, po'o le faigata o ta'aloga. O le mafuaʻaga lea na aofia ai e nisi tagata suʻesuʻe se vaega "o nisi taimi" ma maua ai le afa i le va o le "ioe" ma le "leai" [6,46].

E tele fa'amatalaga fa'amatalaga o lo'o tumau pea ona su'esu'eina. Mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, matou te faʻavaeina la matou faʻavasegaga i luga o le DSM-style tuʻutuʻuga, lea na faʻavasegaina ai tagata auai na tali ioe i le lima pe sili atu o faʻataʻitaʻiga faʻataʻitaʻiga o tagata taʻaloga pathological ma isi uma na faʻavasegaina e le o faʻamaʻi. O suʻesuʻega na lipotia iinei o loʻo tuʻuina atu ai ni faʻamaoniga o le faʻamaonia mo lenei faʻasologa faʻavasega faʻapitoa e faʻaaoga ai se mea tipi. Ae ui i lea, o le numera o faʻataʻitaʻiga faʻataʻitaʻiga e tuʻuina atu e le tagata taʻalo e faʻaalia ai le maualuga o le maʻi e mafai ona tutusa le aoga. O le mea moni na matou mauaina le sili atu o le suʻega-toe suʻesuʻeina le faʻamaoni mo le numera o taʻiala o loʻo i ai nai lo le pe o le au auai na pa'ū i luga poʻo lalo ifo o le matou tipi e taʻu mai ai o suʻesuʻega faaopoopo e tatau ona suʻesuʻeina lenei mataupu, e ui lava matou te iloa le taua o le falemaʻi o le faʻaofiina o mea taua mo fa'amoemoega fa'ama'i. Masalo o loʻo i ai tikeri o le faʻaogaina o le pathological e faʻatusalia ai luitau eseese ma e manaʻomia ona togafitia i se tulaga ese. O se mataupu fa'atatau e fa'atatau i le lelei o mea faigaluega su'esu'e sitaili siaki e mafai ona 'ese'ese ai tagata ta'aalo e matua'i fa'atosina mai ta'aloga fa'ama'i (fa'ata'ita'iga, [51,54]). O le lomiga talu ai nei o le DSM-5 taʻiala ua taʻitaʻia ai le mea ua avea ma felafolafoaiga aoga tele e uiga i faʻamaoniga e sili ona faʻailoga tagata faʻapitoa mai tulaga faʻamaʻi (faʻataʻitaʻiga, [31,55,56,57,58,59]). Ioe, atonu o le taimi nei o le luitau sili lea i le fanua. O suʻesuʻega na tuʻuina atu iinei e leʻi fuafuaina e tuʻuina atu se suʻega o nei fesili, o le mea e leaga ai, e ui lava matou te faʻamoemoe e mafai ona aoga faʻamatalaga mo le talanoaga. Mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, afai na faʻaaogaina se suʻega e sili atu le le mautonu (e pei o le manaʻomia o mea e sili ona faʻafitauli, masalo o le faʻaleagaina o togi ma le pepelo, e faʻamaonia mo le tasi e manatu faʻamaʻi), o le faʻamaʻi pipisi e pa'ū, ae o le faʻasologa atoa o fesoʻotaʻiga ma isi. fa'afitauli fa'aletonu e fa'aauau pea.

O a matou manatu na faʻavae i luga o le tulaga faʻapitoa o le tele o ituaiga o mea ua fai ma vaisu e tatau ona faʻaalia foliga tutusa o fesoʻotaʻiga, e pei o le maualuga o le ita ma amioga faʻafefe. E ui lava na faʻamaonia tele lenei mea, e aoga le mafaufau pe aisea e ono tupu ai. E leai se mafua'aga talafeagai e tatau ai ona va'ai mai ta'aloga pathological amioga fa'aleaga. O la matou taumatematega e faapea o lenei mamanu e foliga mai o se faʻafitauli o loʻo i lalo ifo o le faʻalavelave, o le auala lea matou te mafaufau ai i le Initaneti Gaming Disorder. O suʻesuʻega i le lumanaʻi e tatau ona suʻeina lenei manatu.

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