Shin wannan binciken ya sa Voon et al.
Lokacin da aka fallasa su, ma'aurata suna da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar kwakwalwa, idan aka kwatanta da sarrafawa a duk sassan kwakwalwa. Don haka a, shi ya aikata, amma yankuna guda biyu ne kawai karatun da aka yi a kowa shi ne dorsal na baya cingulation cortex.
- Harshen magana da ake magana akan wadannan sassan ƙwaƙwalwar: kwakwalwa mai kwakwalwa, kwakwalwa ta tsakiya, da amygdala.
- Seok & Sohn sun addabi waɗannan yankuna na kwakwalwa: thalamus, madaidaiciyar kwalliya ta farko (DLPFC), hagu na tsakiya na hagu, gwal supramarginal na dama, da kuma gyrus cingulate gyrus na dama
Bugu da ƙari, kuma yana da mahimmanci, shi ne faɗakarwa:
- Voon yana amfani da bidiyon 9-na biyu kamar yadda ake kira,
- Seok & Sohn sun yi amfani da faifan dakika 5 zuwa tsayayyun hotuna.
- Kuhn yayi amfani da .530 seconds zuwa hotuna
- Yi amfani da al al yayi amfani da 1.0 na biyu zuwa hotuna
Makullin Maɓalli
1) Na ga ya zama maras kyau cewa Seok da Sohn sun watsar da harshe mai karfi (nucleus accumbens), domin wannan shine wuri guda kowane nazarin ya tantance don sakewa. Wannan ya ce, binciken su yana ƙara ƙarin shaida daga wasu sassan kwakwalwa.
2) Seok da Sohn sun sami sakamako na gaske don DLPFC a cikin masu luwadi: a) Ya haskaka don batsa, b) amma amsa ta ragu ƙasa da tushe don hotunan tsaka tsaki. Wannan amsar ta dace da jarabar shan kwayoyi: DLPFC tana haskakawa don alamun magunguna, amma har yanzu yana da ƙananan aiki don lada na al'ada. Tattaunawar ta kira shi “canzawa kunnawa a cikin PFC“. Wannan karin bayani ya fadada akan shi:
"Musamman, waɗannan nazarin sun gano aikin da aka lalata na DLPFC a matsayin rashin ƙarfi a cikin haɓakar salience, wanda ke haifar da bayyanar cututtuka, kamar ƙara ƙwarewar da ba a sani ba ga yanayin jaraba kamar yadda yake a cikin abu da ɗabi'un da suka kamu da shi kuma ya rage sha'awa ga al'amuran yau da kullun-sakamako
3) A cikin wannan bayanin Seok da Sohn suna ba da shawarar abubuwan da suka gano basu daidaita da Kuhn ba (amma ban yarda ba):
A cikin nazarin abubuwan da ke tattare da batutuwa game da batsa, cin zarafi da yawa saboda sakamakon hotunan batsa zai iya haifar da sanyewa da downregulation na striatum, ciki har da ƙananan ƙwaƙwalwa, a cikin kyawawan lafiya (Kühn da Gallinat, 2014). Duk da haka, a cikin binciken da ake ciki yanzu, an samu cigaba da yawa a cikin mahadate a cikin kungiyar PHB, kodayake kamfanonin PHB suna kallon batsa sau da yawa
Apples da almuran: Kuhn ya bayyana ƙananan ƙarar fata a cikin caudate, ba kasa da kunnawa ba. Kuhn ya ruwaito karin amfani da batsa don haɓakawa tare da kasawar kunnawa.
4) Seok da Sohn sa'an nan kuma su nuna cewa bambancin da ke sama zai iya zama saboda wasu batutuwa daban-daban:
Wadannan bambance-bambance tsakanin sakamakon binciken yanzu da wadanda ke Kühn da Gallinat (2014) iya bayyana ta bambanci a cikin mahalarta. Wato, da bambanci da amfani da manya lafiya a cikin binciken da suka wuce, an gudanar da binciken mu a kan mutane da PHB.
Wannan yana haifar da wani lamari mafi girma: Me yasa za a yi amfani da shi et al da Kuhn & Gallinat duka suna bayar da rahoton KASAR kunna ƙwaƙwalwa zuwa abin da ake kira alamu, yayin da Voon da wannan binciken suna ba da rahoton GIRMA kunnawa zuwa abin da ake kira alamu. Dalilan da aka bayar har yanzu: a) bambanci a cikin abubuwan motsawa, b) bambance-bambance a cikin batutuwa.
- Matsalolin Cutar kwakwalwa ta kunna: Kuhn - .530 dakika hotuna; Yi aiki - 1.0 hotuna na biyu.
- Matsalolin MORE kwakwalwa kunnawa: Voon - dakika 9 na fim; Seok - dakika 5 na hoto.
Ba za a iya yin la'akari ba: Ba za mu iya kwatanta karatun yanzu tare da nazarin miyagun kwayoyi ba. Nuna batsa is halayyar jaraba don jarabar batsa. A gefe guda, mutum na iya yin jayayya cewa kallon batsa shima alama ce… don kallon karin batsa. Amma shin?
'Bambancin rikice-rikicen rikice-rikicen zai ce karin lokaci (musamman fim) yana haifar da sake kunnawa. Amma hakan yana riƙe da ruwa yayin da ma hotunan jima'i na al'ada suke canza aikin kwakwalwa? Kawai mamaki.
'Bambanci a cikin maganganun batutuwa' zai ba da shawarar cewa masu amfani da batsa masu nauyi ba su da ladabi / haɓakawa (ƙasa da amsawa), yayin da masu maye ba su lalacewa / haɓakawa (mafi girman amsawar kwakwalwa). Tun da ba haka lamarin yake ba, hujjar za ta kasance cewa sakewa ne kawai (jin daɗin haɓaka) na ɗan lokaci ya shawo kan mazauni don samar da mafi girman tsarin aiki. Wani lamari ne mai sauki, la'akari da cewa Voon kuma ya sami saurin al'ada a cikin sabon binciken ta (Banca et al.)
'Bambancin batutuwa' na iya aiki idan mahimman batutuwan Voon da Seok sun kasance gaskiya masu yin luwadi da madigo kuma ba tsarkakakke ba ne "masu lalata batsa" (ba tare da abokan tarayya sosai ba). Tabbas haka batun yake ga Seok, kamar yadda aka ɗauke batutuwa daga wuraren shan magani kuma suna da abokan yin jima'i da yawa, kuma mafi girman jima'i fiye da sarrafawa. Abubuwan da Voon ke magana a kai na fasaha ne: sun sami cikakkun tambayoyin maza da mata, wasu kuma an tura su ne daga likitocin, kuma duk sun sami mummunan sakamako. Wancan ya ce, Ina tsammanin ƙungiyar Voon ta haɗu sosai, tare da aan kaɗan waɗanda galibi suka kamu da batsa - kuma ba sa tarayya da abokan tarayya.
Yana iya zama cewa hotuna na iya zama alama mai ƙarfi ga mai luwadi da mata wanda mafi yawan ayyukansa na tayar da hankali ya haɗa da wasan kwaikwayo (karuwai, wuraren jima'i, da sauransu). Hoton na iya haifar da tunani / buƙatu game da yanayin rayuwa na ainihi. A gefe guda, hoto don mai amfani da batsa mai nauyi wanda bai riga ya kamu da jaraba ba, kuma / ko kuma wanda bai taɓa yin komai ba (watakila bai taɓa yin jima'i ba), zai zama mara kyau kuma ɗan abin takaici. Dopamine dinsa zai fadi saboda ya saba zama lokacin bidiyo kuma be samu biyan bukata ba (hasashen sakamako mara kyau).
A ƙarshe, watakila ba zamu iya kwatanta binciken na Voon (fim) zuwa wani binciken ba kamar yadda sauran nazarin da aka yi amfani da su har yanzu hotuna.
Ina tsammanin babban matsala da ke fuskantar wadannan nau'o'in karatun shine tabbatar da cewa batutuwa sun kasance kamar yadda ya kamata. Ko dai yana da 1) ma'aurata da matsalolin da suke matsawa game da aikatawa ko 2) mai shan magunguna wanda bai taba yin wasa ba kuma kawai yana amfani da batsa. Kuma kada ku haɗuwa biyu.
Shin Wannan Nazarin Yayi Kuhn Kuhn / Gallinat?
Ortaƙan - a cikin cewa duka karatun suna da canje-canje a cikin Ƙungiyar farko ta farko (DLPFC), wani yanki mai mahimmanci game da buri.
Kuhn ya ba da rahoton ƙasa da "haɗin haɗin aiki" yana haɓaka tare da ƙarin amfani da batsa (fassarar):
Haɗin aiki na kullun dama zuwa hagu na farko na hagu na farko an haɗa shi da halayen hotunan batsa.
Mun gano cewa wani yanki a gefen hagu na gaba (DLPFC) (Figure 1C) an hade da PHs da kyau, yana nuna cewa mahalarta wadanda suka cinye batutuwan batsa fiye da komai sun daina haɗuwa a tsakanin kyancin dama da hagu DLPFC
Seok & Sohn sun ba da rahoton mafi yawan kunnawa zuwa hotunan jima'i, amma ƙasa da kunnawa zuwa "abubuwan yau da kullun" (fassarar):
A cikin binciken da ake ciki yanzu, ganin yadda mafi girma DLPFC kungiya a cikin kungiyar PHB idan aka kwatanta da ƙungiyar kulawa tana iya yin la'akari da halayen saliance mai yawa ga jima'i.
Hakazalika da binciken binciken da aka yi game da ayyukan haɓaka a cikin mutane tare da jaraba a lokacin sha'awar da aka samu, mun sami canza aikin PFC a cikin kungiyar PHB.
Ba su bayyana a sarari “ƙaramar kunnawa zuwa al'amuran yau da kullun” ba, amma duk da haka adadi na 2, hoton B nuna wannan. Kuma suna cewa:
Musamman ma, waɗannan binciken sun gano cewa aikin DLPFC ya lalace a matsayin rashin haɓaka a sakamakon halayen salience, wanda ya haifar da bayyanar cututtuka, irin su rashin haɓaka ya ƙãra ƙwarewa ga abin da ya shafi ƙwauro kamar yadda yake a cikin abu da halayyar halayya kuma ya rage sha'awa ga al'amuran al'ada.
Ina tsammanin Seok & Sohn suna ba da tabbaci mai ƙarfi game da "jarabar jima'i" Batutuwa duk sun kasance "masu lalata da jima'i", kuma waɗannan mutanen suna da
- mafi girma mafi yawan abin da zazzabi a duk yankuna na sha'awa, da kuma
- Sakamakon halayen su na farko (mafi girma game da karuwa ga jima'i, amma an hana shi don ladabi) madaidaicin shan jima'i.
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