Su wane ne zane-zane na duniya?
Wannan shi ne babban abin da ke faruwa Masturbation, Fantasy da Bautar. Wannan sakon ya fara ne da lura da Leonard Shlain MD cewa babu wata dabba da ke yin al'ada ta yadda tsananin karfin maza, kuma ya kammala tare da goyon bayan tarihi don shawarar cewa al'adun yau cikakken mulki zama aiki na tsarin rayuwarmu na yau da kullum maimakon dabi'ar mutum.
Yanzu ya bayyana cewa bayanin Shlain na iya aiki ne kawai ga WEIRD. A bara, Jami'ar Cambridge ta Kwararre da ƙwararren Brain buga wani bita: “Mutane masu ban mamaki a duniya?”Mawallafanta sun nuna cewa masana kimiyya suna yin maganganu akai-akai game da halayyar ɗan adam - ta yin amfani da samfuran da aka ɗebo kusan daga al'ummomin yamma, Ilimi, Masana'antu, Mawadata, da Demokraɗiya (WEIRD). Kusan kashi 96% na batutuwan da aka ruwaito halayensu a cikin manyan mujallu na hankali sun fito ne daga 12% kawai na yawan mutanen duniya.
Don dalilai masu amfani, batutuwan da galibi ake karba su ne daliban jami'a na Yammacin Turai, waɗanda ke cikin nutsuwa cikin yanayi maras kyau idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'in. Don haka, "Bai kamata ya zama abin mamaki ba cewa duniyar tunanin su ma baƙon abu bane kuma." (shafi na 79-80)
Hakika, wani ilimi wryly shawara cewa mafi kyaun gajerun kalmomi ga yawancin ɗaliban ɗalibai zai zama MYOPICS: jari-hujja, Matasa, masu son-kai, Neman jin daɗi, Ware, Masanin Ciniki, da Kwanciya. A ganinsa, game da duk abin da ɗalibai za su iya bayyana shi ne “abin da mutane za su kasance kamar idan an cire su daga mafi yawan matsalolin da aka zaɓa. [Musamman:] cikakken nihilism da rashin kamewa lokacin da takurawar al'ada ta al'ada game da halayyar ɗan adam da yanke shawara suka kasance cikin annashuwa. ”
Kamar yadda membobin al'ummomin WEIRD suke daga cikin mafi karancin wakilcin jama'a game da cikakken bayani game da mutane, marubutan binciken sun yi gargadin cewa, "Muna bukatar mu zama marasa ƙoshin lafiya wajen magance tambayoyin yanayin ɗan adam bisa ga bayanan da aka samo daga wannan musamman na bakin ciki, kuma mafi ban mamaki, yanki na bil'adama. "
Tare da wannan hangen nesa a hankali, bari mu sake yin la'akari da abin da muke tunanin mun sani game da halayenmu na al'ada da yawa. Masana burbushin halittu Hewlett da Hewlett sun nuna cewa,
Littattafan jima'i na Ba-Americanasar Amurka game da jima'i suna ba da ra'ayi cewa al'aura maza da mata na gama gari ne idan ba na ɗan adam ba, a wani ɓangare, saboda dogaro da tsare-tsare da tsare-tsare da yawa da aka gudanar a jihohin [WEIRD]. Wani littafin kwaleji na ilimin jima'i ya ce, “al’aura al’ada ce da ta zama ruwan dare tsakanin matasa, kuma yawancin mutane suna yin al’aura a wani lokaci a rayuwarsu.”
Duk da haka, kamar yadda Hewletts ya rubuta a cikin su 2010 binciken, Al'adun jima'i, ciki har da al'amuran mu na yau da kullum, ba su da ban sha'awa ta hanyar al'adun al'adu. Ma'aikatan Hewletts sun isa wannan mahimmanci ta hanyar nazarin halin jima'i na al'adun tsakiyar tsakiyar Afirka. Sun yi mamakin fahimtar cewa ba Aka Aka da Ngandu sun san abin da ke faruwa ba:
Sun yi dariya yayin da muke ƙoƙarin bayyanawa da bayyana ayyukan jima'i. Mun yi tunanin cewa wataƙila sun kasance masu jin kunya ko jin kunya, amma wannan zai iya zama rashin halayyar Aka da muka sani tun da daɗewa. ...
Ya kasance da wuya a bayyana motsin kai ga Aka. Sun sami wannan abu ne mai ban mamaki kuma sun ce yana iya faruwa da nisa a Congo, amma ba su san shi ba. Babu wata kalma ba ta wanzu ba. Mun tambayi maza, musamman, game da al'aura kafin su yi aure ko a lokacin da ake lalata jima'i kuma duk sun nuna cewa hakan bai faru ba. [Addedara girmamawa]
Al'aura kuma da alama ba safai ake samu ba a wasu yankuna na gandun daji. Mun tambayi Robert Bailey… game da abubuwan da ya fuskanta na kokarin tattara maniyyi don karatun haihuwa daga mazajen Lese a dajin Ituri na Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Congo. Ya nuna yana da matukar wahala a bayyana wa maza yadda za a yi kokarin samin samfurin maniyyi. Ya ce duk da bayyanannun bayanai da doguwar umarni na maniyyi uku daga cikin maniyyi hudu sun zo masa hade da sirrin farji. shafi na 113-114
Bisa ga al'adu na al'adu, Hewetts yayi la'akari da cewa litattafan kwaleji-wakilci na jima'i na namiji na iya nuna ainihin bukatu da fifiko na al'amuran al'adu na Turai (WEIRD) na al'ada maimakon na 'yan Adam. (Dubi takardun shaida game da mai sauki Aka.)
Idan yana da hankali don taka tsantsan game da al'adar al'aura kanta, watakila ya kamata mu zama da taka tsantsan wajen nacewa cewa al'aura ga kowane ƙarfin motsawa kuma tare da kowane saurin kawowa al'ada ne. Yana iya zama ruwan dare gama gari don rage yawan WEIRD don yin al'aura da shi kara mita a ƙarƙashin rinjayar sabon littafin yau da kuma lalata batsa na Intanit. Amma duk da haka irin wannan al'ada ta al'aura tana bayyana da ban mamaki a cikin babban yanayin halayyar mutum.
Abin sha'awa, a can is aiki na WEIRD ma'anar "sha'awar liwadi," amma mutum baya jin shi. Neman sani? Yana da "7 ko fiye da inzali / mako don akalla watanni 6 a jere bayan shekaru 15."
Ya kamata a lura da cewa, ba tare da yin la'akari da inda MUHIMMAN ilimin jima'i zasu iya sanya shinge don al'aura na al'ada ba, yawanta shine manufa mai saurin motsawa. Mai ba da shawara game da jima'i Ian Kerner kwanan nan ya kiyasta cewa maza suna yin al'aura 50 zuwa 500 kashi dari fiye da su ba tare da batsa na Intanit ba-tare da halayen kullun a cikin ɗakin gida. Har ila yau, mun ji daga kuri'a na (samari) da suka iya yanzu kawai ya raya wani erection yayinda ake ba da labaran yanar gizo.
Shin yana da amfani mu ilmantar da kanmu game da sauran al'adun al'aura a duniya? Nuna wanzuwar fannoni da yawa na halayyar maza da mata za a iya cika su ba tare da kunyata kowa ba. Idan muka ga kanmu kan yanayin cikar halin mutum na yau da kullun, ƙila za mu iya fahimtar tushen duk wata matsala da ke tasowa daga wuce gona da iri. Faffadan ilmi na iya, a zahiri, ya ƙarfafa mutane suyi gwaji tare da zaɓuɓɓukan da suka fi musu amfani-ba tare da tunanin kansu baƙon abu ba.
Wani mahalarta taron ya raba abubuwan da suka dace:
- http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/science/2011/10/ahmadinejad_s_assertion_about_gays_in_iran_isn_t_that_crazy_afte.html
- https://web.archive.org/web/20170703053221/http://huntgatherlove.com/content/sexy-sexless-culture
- http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/2005/jun/15/childrensservices.familyandrelationships
- https://pragmasynesi.wordpress.com/2009/04/28/secrets-of-the-phallus-why-is-the-penis-shaped-like-that/
(2020) Me yasa muke Yammaci Don haka Baƙon Al'amari? Ka'idar
BABI NA GASKIYA
Shin mutanen Afirka Aka sune mafi kyau iyayensu a duniya?
Yayin da matan ke farauta, maza suna kula da jariran - har ma suna barin su tsotsan nonon. Joanna Moorhead ta tambayi masanin halayyar ɗan adam Barry Hewlett me yasa Aka kasance iyayen da basu dace ba
Tambaya ce wacce ta haɗu da Aristotle, Darwin da ɗina ɗan shekara uku cikin ruɗani: menene ainihin nonuwan maza? A wannan makon, kungiyar agaji ta Fathers Direct ta zo da amsa, ta hanyar kwarin gwiwa da wasu binciken da ta gano game da wata kabila makiyaya daga mafarautan Afirka. Amsar, da alama, ita ce wanda ɗana ɗan shekara uku (kuma Darwin, ya zama mai adalci) ake zargi gaba ɗaya: nonuwan maza suna wurin a matsayin tsayin daka don lokacin da mama ba ta kusa kuma akwai bambino da ke taƙama da juna bukatar wani abu don tsotsa.
Kuma, idan kun yi tunani game da shi, me yasa ba haka ba? Babu shakka namijin namiji ne, yana da rauni ko da yake yana da wadataccen abinci, yana ba da karin haske fiye da yadda ya ce, wani abu ne.
Wannan hakika yadda yake ga Farfesa Barry Hewlett, wani Ba-Amurke ɗan masanin ilimin ɗan adam wanda shi ne mutum na farko da ya ga shayar da namiji nono tsakanin mutanen Aka Pygmy na tsakiyar Afirka (jimillar mutane kusan 20,000) bayan ya yanke shawarar zama tare da su don nazarin hanyar su. rayuwa mafi kusa. A lokacin da ya lura da cewa wasu lokuta mahaifinsu na shayar da jarirai, ba abin wahayi ne mai ban mamaki ba, duk da haka, kamar yadda zai iya kasancewa da ya hango yana gudana a cikin dakin shayarwa a Mothercare a Manchester.
Domin a lokacin Hewlett ya fahimci cewa, idan ya zo ga batun kula da daidaiton jinsi, 'yan Aka - wadanda ke kiran kansu mutanen dajin - sun doke duk wani da ya taba karatun hannu. Dangane da bayanan da ya fara tattarawa sama da shekaru 47 da suka gabata, Aka uba suna iya kaiwa ga jariransu kashi XNUMX% na lokacin - wannan a bayyane ya fi iyaye a kowace ƙungiyar al'adu a doron ƙasa, wanda shine dalilin da yasa Fathers Direct suka yanke shawarar dub da “mafi kyawun dads a duniya".
Abin ban sha'awa game da Aka shine cewa matsayin mace da na mace kusan suna iya canzawa. Yayin da mata ke farauta, maza suna tunanin yara; yayin da maza ke dafa abinci, matan suna yanke shawarar inda za su kafa sansani na gaba. Kuma akasin haka: kuma yana cikin wannan akasin haka, in ji Hewlett, cewa ainihin sakon yana da mahimmanci. "Akwai rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin mata da maza a cikin al'ummar Aka - misali, mata, su ne masu kula da farko," in ji shi. “Amma, kuma wannan yana da mahimmanci, akwai matakin sassauci wanda kusan ba a san shi ba a cikin al'ummarmu. Aka ubanninsu za su shiga cikin matsayin da iyaye mata ke aiki ba tare da tunani na biyu ba kuma ba tare da tunani ba, ba tare da wata mahimmanci ba, mafi mahimmanci, rashin asara - babu wani abin kunya da ke cikin ayyukan daban-daban. ”
Aya daga cikin abubuwan da aka fi sani da rayuwar Aka shine cewa mata ba kawai kamar yadda mazajensu ke farauta ba, amma har ma wasu lokuta sun fi ƙwarewa kamar mafarauta. Har zuwa yanzu, yawanci ana ɗauka cewa, saboda matsayin mata a matsayin masu ba da fata da kulawa da matasa, a tarihi farauta ta zama kariyar maza a duniya: amma a cikin wani bincike Hewlett ta sami wata mace da ta yi farauta har zuwa watan takwas na ciki kuma ta dawo a yi aiki da tarun sauro da kuma mashininta wata daya bayan haihuwa. Sauran uwaye sun tafi farauta tare da jariransu a rataye a gefensu, duk da cewa abincinsu, duiker (nau'in ɓarke), na iya zama dabba mai haɗari.
Idan duk ya zama kamar aljanna ce ta mata akwai, alas, abin tsoro a cikin tatsuniya: Hewlett ya gano cewa, yayin da ayyuka da yanke shawara galibi abubuwa ne da ake rabawa, akwai rufin gilashin Aka. Manyan ayyuka a cikin kabila koyaushe suna zuwa ga maza: kombeti (shugaba), da tuma (mafarautan giwa) da nganga (babban mai warkarwa) a cikin garin da ya karanta duk maza ne. Amma wannan ba ya ragewa, in ji shi, daga mahimmiyar gudummawar da suka bayar a matsayin masu ba da kulawa a bangaren kula da tarbiyya: kuma kuma, ko dai, ba ya rage tasirin sakon da ya yi imanin cewa mutanen Aka suna da shi ga ma'auratan yamma da ke gwagwarmayar neman daidaito tsakanin bukatun aiki, aikin gida, biyan bukatar kai da kuma renon yara.
"Abin nufi game da Aka," in ji Hewlett, "shi ne cewa rawar da iyaye maza ke da ita bangare daya ne na dukkan tsarin rayuwarsu, kuma wannan ita ce kusan duk abin da za mu iya koya daga. Abu daya da yake da mahimmanci yayin renon matasa shine mahimmancin da aka ɗora akan kusancin jiki: kusan watanni uku, jariri yana kusan kusan haɗuwa da ɗayan iyayenta ko kuma tare da wani mutum. Babu wani abin kamar gado a sansanin Aka saboda ba a taba jin cewa ma'aurata za su bar jaririnsu kwance ba tare da kulawa ba - ana rike jarirai a kowane lokaci. ” Aka baba, a bayyane yake, ba su son ko da zuwa ƙasa zuwa kwatankwacin gidan giyar tare da yaro haɗe da kirjinsu (ko ma kan nonon); da Aka tipple, ruwan inabin dabino, galibi wasu gungun maza ne ke jin daɗinsu tare da jariransu a hannuwansu.
Wannan duk yayi nesa da yamma kuma, in ji Hewlett, abu na farko da mahaifa anan zasu iya tunani akai shine rashin lokaci da saduwa ta zahiri da suke yawan yi da yaransu. "Akwai babban ma'ana a cikin al'ummarmu cewa mahaifa ba koyaushe suna tare kuma dole ne ku bata lokaci mai yawa tare da yaronku ba amma za ku iya sanya wannan ta hanyar samun lokaci mai kyau tare da su," in ji shi. “Amma bayan zama tare da Aka, na fara shakkar hikimar wannan layin. A ganina abin da iyaye suke buƙata shine lokaci mai yawa tare da 'ya'yansu, kuma suna buƙatar riƙe su kusa da yawa fiye da yadda suke yi a wannan lokacin. Akwai kyawawan gudummawa na kwarai da iyaye maza za su iya bayarwa don tarbiyyar da yaransu, amma bai kamata mu raina muhimmancin tabawa da cudulla ba. ”
Wannan shine ɗayan mahimman darussan da Aka kawo wa Hewlett na ƙwarewar iyaye, ya ce: shi uba ne na yara bakwai, shekarunsu tsakanin 13 da 22, kuma ya tsara rayuwarsa da aikinsa don haka ya sami damar kasancewa a kusa da yawa kamar yadda suke girma. Ya ce karatunsa na Aka kuma sanya shi ya zama mai amincewa da raba uba (halaye biyu da Aka ke da su a bayyane, a bayyane).
Wani darasi da Aka ke da shi a gare mu - kuma wannan duka mu ne, uwaye har da uba - shi ne game da yadda yara ke da daraja, da kuma sa'ar da za mu same su a rayuwar mu. Idan ya ɗan ji daɗi sosai, wannan shine ainihin dalilin da ya sa muke buƙatar ji shi: gaskiyar ita ce, in ji Hewlett, cewa mun ɓace cikin gaskanta cewa yaranmu nauyi ne maimakon albarka kuma wannan wani abu ne da Aka taɓa yi. “A wurin Aka, yayan ku sune darajar rayuwar ku. Batun yaro a matsayin nauyi zai zama ba zai yiwu a fahimta ba there yara sune kuzari, ƙarfin rayuwar al'umma. ” Wata magana daga wata kabila da ya karanta, Bafulatani, ya taƙaita batun: suna cewa kuna da sa'a idan kuna da wanda zai yi muku abin kunya.
Amma baya ga wancan nonon da yake shayarwa: Jack O'Sullivan na Fathers Direct ya ce an gayyace shi ne a wasan kwaikwayo na hira bayan hira a ranar Litinin a sakamakon rahoton da ya fito fili, kuma ya fuskanci cakudewar tsoro, damuwa da tallafi. "Wasu iyayen sun yi waya cewa sun bar yaronsu ya tsotsi nononsu - sau da yawa hakan ta faru ne lokacin da jaririn ke kwance a kirjinsu a gado," in ji shi. Amma wasu mutane sun kasance masu kyama: kalmomin "cin zarafin yara" sun fito fiye da sau ɗaya, wanda ke nuna banbancin al'adu masu ban sha'awa yayin da kake tunanin haka, ga mutanen Aka, yawancin hanyar da muke tarbiyyar da yaranmu za su ɗauki matsayin cin zarafin yara a gare su (jarirai ana barin su su kadai a wani daki daban da iyayensu, misali).
Ga O'Sullivan, abin bakin ciki shine cewa rashin kulawa da wahayi na Aka ya nuna ci gaba da rashin jin daɗi game da kusanci tsakanin mahaifin da jariransu: yayin da kusancin uwa-da yara ya kasance jama'a sosai, kuma ana yin bikin, an kusanci kusancin kusancin mahaifin da yaro daga da damuwa a kan lamarin, duk da tarin shaidu da ke nuna cewa, idan aka ba su dama, iyaye maza na iya zama kowane mai amsawa ga jariransu kamar uwaye dangane da karanta siginansu da sadarwa tare da su. A takaice dai, in ji O'Sullivan, maza suna tsoron kawance da jarirai da kananan yara - kuma yana iya zama sake duban wannan tsoron, dangane da kwarewar Aka, na iya zama kwarewar namiji da 'yanci.
· Barry Hewlett shine co-marubucin Hunter-gatherer Childhoods (Aldine Transaction).
Har ila yau duba -
- Maza: Shin Mawuyacin Hanyoyin Cin Hankali Ya Sa Mai Hango?
- daga The Archives of Sexual Behavior - Masturbation yana da dangantaka da ilimin cututtuka da ƙwayar cuta: Magana akan Quinsey (2012)
- Amincewa da abubuwan al'ajabi na Masturbation Adult - Ka sake yin la’akari da waɗannan sanannun tatsuniyoyin nan guda biyar game da jima'i
NOTE: YBOP ba yana cewa fatar al'ada ba ne a gare ku ba. Kawai yin ma'anar cewa yawancin abubuwan da ake kira kiwon lafiya da'awa da za a hade da orgasm ko taba al'aura suna haɗuwa da dangantaka ta kusa da wani ɗan adam, ba mawama / masturbation ba. Musamman ma, haɗin da aka yi tsakanin wasu alamun lafiyar lafiyar marasa lafiya da halayyar (idan gaskiya) tabbas ne kawai hulɗar da ta samo asali ne daga mutanen da ke da lafiya fiye da su wanda ke da alaka da jima'i da tsoma baki. Ba su damu ba. Nazarin bincike:
Abubuwan Lafiya na Lafiyayyu na Ayyukan Jima'i (2010)) ya gano cewa jima'i yana da alaƙa da tasiri mai kyau, yayin da al'aurar ba ta kasance ba. A wasu lokuta taba al'aura yana da alaka da amfanin lafiyar jiki - ma'anar cewa karin al'ada da aka danganta da alamun lafiyar marasa lafiya. Ƙarshen wannan bita:
"Dangane da hanyoyi masu yawa, samfurori, da matakan, bincike na binciken yana da mahimmanci a nuna cewa wannan aiki na jima'i (Penile-Vaginal Intercourse da amsa ta hanyar kogasm) yana da dangantaka da, kuma a wasu lokuta, yana haifar da matakan da ake dangantawa tare da kyakkyawan aiki da kuma aiki na jiki. "
"Sauran halayen jima'i (ciki har da lokacin da Penile-Vaginal Intercourse ya lalace, kamar tare da robar kwaroron roba ko ɓoyewa daga abubuwan da ke cikin kwakwalwa) ba su da dangantaka, ko a wasu lokuta (irin su al'aura da jima'i) wanda ya haɗu da kyakkyawan aiki da kuma aiki na jiki . "
"Maganin jima'i, ilimin jima'i, farfadowa da jima'i, da kuma binciken jima'i ya kamata su rarraba cikakkun bayanai game da amfanin kiwon lafiya na musamman na Intanet na Penile-Vaginal, kuma ya zama mafi mahimmanci a cikin kwarewarsu da kuma ayyukan shiga."
Har ila yau, ga wannan gajeren taƙaitaccen bayani game da al'aura da alamun kiwon lafiya: Masturbation yana da dangantaka da ilimin cututtuka da ƙwayar cuta: Magana akan Quinsey (2012)
Yana da wahala a daidaita ra'ayi cewa taba al'aura yana inganta yanayi tare da abubuwan da aka gano a cikin jinsi biyu cewa yawan al'aura da ake alakantawa da wasu alamun alamun damuwa (Cyranowski et al., 2004; Frohlich & Meston, 2002; Husted & Edwards, 1976), ƙasa da farin ciki (Das , 2007), da wasu alamomi da yawa na rashin lafiyar jiki da hankali, wanda ya hada da damuwa (Costa & Brody, 2011), hanyoyin kare halayyar mutum, balagawar karfin jini ga damuwa, da rashin gamsuwa da lafiyar hankalin mutum da rayuwa gaba daya ( don sake dubawa, duba Brody, 2010). Yana da wuya kuma a ga yadda al'aura take tasowa ga sha'awar jima'i, lokacin da yawan al'aura mafi yawanci ana danganta ta da lalataccen aikin jima'i a cikin maza (Brody & Costa, 2009; Das, Parish, & Laumann, 2009; Gerressu, Mercer, Graham, Wellings, & & Nbsp; Johnson, 2008; Lau, Wang, Cheng, & Yang, 2005; Nutter & Condron, 1985) da mata (Brody & Costa, 2009; Das et al., 2009; Gerressu et al., 2008; Lau, Cheng, Wang, & & Yang, 2006; Shaeer, Shaeer, & Shaeer, 2012; Weiss & Brody, 2009). Hakanan ana alakanta yawan al'aura tare da rashin gamsuwa da dangantaka da ƙarancin kauna ga abokan tarayya (Brody, 2010; Brody & Costa, 2009). Sabanin haka, PVI yana da alaƙa sosai da mafi ƙoshin lafiya (Brody, 2010; Brody & Costa, 2009; Brody & Weiss, 2011; Costa & Brody, 2011, 2012), mafi kyawun aikin jima'i (Brody & Costa, 2009; Brody & Weiss, 2011; Nutter & Condron, 1983, 1985; Weiss & Brody, 2009), kuma mafi ingancin dangantaka mai kyau (Brody, 2010; Brody & Costa, 2009; Brody & Weiss, 2011).
Bugu da ƙari kuma, ko da yake ba a rage yawan ciwon daji na prostate ba tare da haɓaka da yawa (ba tare da ƙayyadadden halin jima'i ba) (Giles et al., 2003) [Lura da hujjoji masu karo da juna, duk da haka:Ciwon ƙwayar cutar ciwon mahaifa zai iya haɗuwa da jima'i na jima'i: Mutanen da suka fi yin jima'i a cikin 20s da 30s na iya haifar da mummunan hadarin ciwon daji na prostate, bincike ya nuna. "], Mitar PVI ce wacce ke da alaƙa musamman da rage haɗari, yayin da yawan al'aura yake da alaƙa da haɗarin haɗari (don nazari kan batun, duba Brody, 2010). Dangane da wannan, yana da ban sha'awa a lura cewa taba al'aura yana da alaƙa da wasu matsalolin na prostate (mafi girman matakan prostate musamman na kumburi da kumbura ko prostate mai taushi) kuma, idan aka kwatanta da inzalin da aka samu daga PVI, zubar da aka samu daga al'aura yana da alamun aikin talaucin talauci da ƙaramin kawar da kayan sharar gida (Brody, 2010). Halin halayen jima'i kawai wanda yake da alaƙa da mafi ƙarancin halayyar mutum da lafiyar jiki shine PVI. Sabanin haka, al'aurawa koyaushe tana haɗuwa da alamun rashin talauci (Brody, 2010; Brody & Costa, 2009; Brody & Weiss, 2011; Costa & Brody, 2011, 2012). Akwai hanyoyi da yawa da zasu iya haifar da tunani da kuma ilimin lissafi, wanda wataƙila sakamakon zaɓin yanayi yana fifita tsarin kiwon lafiya a matsayin sababin da / ko tasirin motsawar neman, da ƙarfin samun da morewa, PVI. Sabanin haka, zaɓin hanyoyin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da ke ba da lada don motsa su ba zai yuwu ba saboda tsananin halin kuzari da zai iya faruwa idan ya hana mutum daga PVI ta hanyar mayar da shi abin da ba shi da amfani don jin daɗi (Brody, 2010). Mafi mahimmanci, al'aura tana wakiltar wasu gazawar hanyoyin dabarun yin jima'i da alaƙar kusanci, duk da haka yana iya kasancewa, kuma koda kuwa ba wani abin mamaki bane yana rayuwa tare da samun PVI. Dangane da wannan, abin lura ne cewa mafi yawan al'aura suna haɗuwa da rashin gamsuwa da fannoni daban-daban na rayuwa ba tare da mitar PVI ba (Brody & Costa, 2009) kuma da alama ya rage wasu fa'idodin PVI (Brody, 2010).
A karshe ganin wannan PDF - Harkokin Lafiyar Jama'a, Harkokin Lafiya, da Harkokin Mawuyacin Harkokin Abubuwan Hulɗa a Tsakanin Matsalar Tunawa Daga cikin Matasan Matasa (2014)
“Don haka, yaya farin cikin masu amsawa waɗanda suka taba al'ada a kwanan nan idan aka kwatanta da waɗanda ba su da ba? Hoto na 5 ya nuna cewa daga cikin wadanda suka bada rahoton wadanda basa jin dadin rayuwarsu awannan zamanin, kashi 68 na mata da kashi 84 na maza sunce sun taba al'ada a cikin satin da ya gabata. Associationaƙƙarfan haɗin kai tare da rashin farin ciki ya bayyana layi tsakanin maza, amma ba mata ba. Maganarmu ba ta nuna cewa al'aura tana sa mutane rashin farin ciki ba. Yana iya, amma yanayin giciye na bayanan baya bamu damar kimanta wannan. Koyaya, daidai ne a ce mazajen da suke da'awar suna da farin ciki ba su da cikakken rahoton bayar da al'aura kwanan nan fiye da maza marasa farin ciki. ”
“Al’aura kuma ana danganta ta ne da bayar da rahoton rashin dacewar aiki ko tsoro a cikin mu’amala da kuma matsalolin tafiyar da alakar mutane cikin nasara. Mastabawan da suka gabata da makon da suka gabata suna nuna mahimmancin alaƙar damuwa mafi girma fiye da waɗanda suka amsa tambayoyin waɗanda ba su ba da rahoton al'aura a ranar da ta gabata ko a makon da ya gabata ba. Mastabawan da suka gabata da makon da ya gabata suna nuna mahimmancin alaƙar damuwa mafi girma fiye da waɗanda aka ba da amsa waɗanda ba su ba da rahoton al'aura a ranar da ta gabata ko a makon da ya gabata ba. ”
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