COMMENTS: Hōʻike hou aku nā uku nui ED i loko o nā kāne:
ʻO ka piʻiʻana o ED i loko o nā kānaka me nā 40-51 makahiki he 58.6%
ʻAʻole hāʻawi maikaʻi nā mea noiʻi i ka weheweheʻana, ma waho aʻe o kaʻikeʻana e piʻi ana ka nui o ED i nā'ōpio. E like me ka hana mua,ʻaʻole i nīnau nā mea noiʻi e pili ana i ka hoʻohana porn pūnaewele.
Mai ke aʻoʻana:
Eia naʻe, ua loaʻa iā mākou kekahi mau pilikia i loko o kēia heluna kanaka. ʻO ka piʻiʻana o ED i loko o nā kānaka me nā 40-51 makahiki,ʻo ia ka 58.6%, kahi iʻokoʻa mai nāʻikepili i nāʻike i hala i hala i hala (episode) mai ka 2% i ka 39% i nā kāne ma waena o nā makahiki o 40 a me 50 makahiki) [22]. Thiki ke ho'ākākaʻiaʻo ia i ka nui o ED ma ka 40-51 makahiki i kēia mau mea: ma mua, ua hōʻoia a nui aʻe nā hōʻike i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua ulu nui ka uluʻana o ED i nā poʻe'ōpio a me waena [23], [24]; ʻo ka lua, he kiʻekiʻe nui o ka ED pono (53.5% i nā mea a pau,ʻaʻole i hōʻikeʻia ma nā hualoaʻa) i hōʻikeʻia i loko o kēia pūʻulu, kahi i mālamaʻoleʻia i kaʻoihana ola [25]; ʻo ka kolu,ʻo nā hana kuʻuna a me nā pilina Haina e hiki ke hopena i ka piʻiʻana o ka loiloihana ED i waena o nā kāneʻelemakule [26],ʻoiaiʻaʻole nā helu IIEF-5 e wehe i ka psycho psycho ED [26], [27]. Tʻaʻole he mau pili kūikawā ma waena o ED, dyslipidemia a me nāʻano nohona,
Eia hou,ʻaʻole lākou e hāʻawi mai i ka ho'ākāka maikaʻi, ma waho aʻe o kaʻikeʻana e piʻi ana ka nui o ED i nā'ōpio. ʻO ka kumuʻelua (ED me ka loliʻole i kaʻoihana ola)ʻaʻole iʻaeʻia e like me ka hapanui o nā haʻawina mua i kauʻia ma luna o ka heluna kanaka a me ka ED. ʻO ka mea hoʻolālā,ʻaʻole i piliʻo ED i nāʻano o ke ola a iʻole nā ho'āʻo koko.
Paʻi ʻia: Malaki 25, 2014 DOI: 10.1371 / puke pai.pone.0092794
Yan-Ping Huang, Bin Chen mail, Ping Ping, Hong-Xiang Wang, Kai Hu, Hao Yang, Tao Zhang, Tan Feng, Yan Jin, Yin-Fa Han, Yi-Xin Wang, Yi-Ran Huang
Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo
Nä Pahuhopu
E hoʻopili i ka hana kūikawā ma waena o nā makahiki a me nā poʻeʻelemākule me ka kūlana kūkākūkā a ho'ākāka hou i ko lākou mau kumu no kēia kūlana.
Nā Kaupapa a me nāʻano
Ua hoʻonohonohoʻia nā kāne i loaʻa i ka moekolohe mau (frequency frequencyM1 manawa i kēlā me kēia mahina) i ka hoʻoheheʻeʻana o ka honua (ED), kūpono i ka ED nui a me kaʻole ED e like me ka International International of Erectile Function-5, a me nā kāne i moeʻole ke ho'āʻo nei no nā mahina 6 ma lalo o ka loaʻaʻana o kahi kūlanaʻike. ʻO nā mea pilikia e pili ana iā ED i hōʻiliʻiliʻia i loko o kahi hōʻailona o nā kānaka 1,531 o ka makahiki 40 a hiki i nā makahiki 80, a ua kākauʻia nā kumuhana hōʻike no ka hana asexuality ma ka hui huixx individually.. Ua alakaʻiʻia nā mākau like a me nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻolālā pālua i waena o kēia mau pūʻulu.
Results
ʻO ka nui o ka huina o ED a me ka kūlana hanaxxityity,ʻo 49.9% a me 37.2%. Uaʻoi aku ka nui aʻe o nā mea iʻoi aku ka hopena o ke kūlana kūkākūkā ma mua o ke kaʻina kūlike a me ka hewa ED ma keʻano o kaʻelemakule (makahiki MA65, ka lākiō hoʻomaopopo pololei (OR) 17.69 a me (Vs.) 7.19), diabetes (kino OR: 2.40 Vs. 2.36) a me ka hahaʻau (e like me OR: 1.78 Vs. 1.72). ʻO nā kumu kūpono no ke kūlanaʻikeʻole he "pilikia paʻakikī" (52.9%), "ʻaʻole e hopohopo e pili ana i ka moekolohe" (53.5%) ","ʻaʻole pono e loaʻa ka moekolohe i kēia mau makahiki "(47.7%), (44.4%), "luhi koʻikoʻi" (26.3%) a me "masturbation" (26.9%).
hopena a
Loaʻa nā kānaka me ke kūlana lawxual i nā mea koʻikoʻiʻoi aʻe no ED ma mua o nā kāne me ka ED a me ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka hapanui o kēia kūlana i nīnauʻia e pili ana i ka ED piha,ʻoiaiʻo nā kumu o kēia maʻamau maʻamau e pili ana i nā manaʻo kuʻuna a me nā pono, nā mea moekolohe a me ka masturbation.
Nā kiʻi
Hōʻike: Huang YP, Chen B, Ping P, Wang HX, Hu K, et al. (2014) Ka uluʻana i ka wahine ma waena o nā kauā a me nā kāneʻelemakule. Lōpū MAKE 9 (3): e92794. hana: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0092794
Luna ho'oponopono: ʻO Alice YW Chang, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Hospital Hospital, Taiwan
Loaʻaʻia: ʻOkakopa 30, 2013; Uaʻaeʻia: Pepeluali 26, 2014; Kuhiʻia: March 25, 2014
Kuleana kope: © 2014 Huang et al. ʻO kēia kahi open-access mea i hoʻokaʻawaleʻia ma lalo o nā hua'ōlelo o Nā Laikini Creative Commons, ka mea e hoʻohana ai i ka hoʻohanaʻoleʻia, ka hāʻawiʻana, a me ke kopeʻana i kekahi mehana, ke hāʻawiʻia ka mea kumu a me ka kumu kumu.
Kākoʻo kālā: Ua kākoʻoʻia kēia noi ma ka hāʻawiʻana mai ka National Natural Science Foundation o Kina (NĀ 81270741). PūnaeweleʻEpekema a me nā Komisina o ka Municipality Municipality (No 08411951700). ʻAʻole nā kuleana o ka poʻe waihona kālā ma ka hoʻolālā aʻo, ka hōʻiliʻili a me ke kānana hōʻiliʻili, ka hoʻoholo e hoʻolaha, a hoʻomākaukau paha i ka puke.
Nā mea hoʻolimalima: Ua haʻi aku nā mea kākau i kaʻaʻohe hoʻokūkū hoʻokūkū.
Introduction
Me ka uluʻana o ke kaiāulu a me keʻano o kaʻelemakule, ua hoʻonuiʻia nāʻoihana olakino a me nā lawelawe e pili ana i ka moekolohe, aʻo ka poʻe i waena o nā makahiki a me nā makahikiʻelemakule ka nui o ka poʻe iʻikeʻia no ka noiʻiʻana a me ka mālamaʻana i nā pilikia pili i ka wahine. ʻO ka hana maʻamau o Erectile (ED) ka hihia maʻamau maʻamau i kūkākūkāʻia e ka uluʻana o ka hoʻonaʻauao ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, akā naʻe, he mauʻike kūpono no kaʻike kūlohelohe e likeʻole me ED ma nā kūlana a me ke kino. Ma waho o ka hoʻoholo mau pono maʻamau i ka 2-3% o nā kāne aʻaʻole i ho'ākākaʻia e like me ka maʻiʻino [1], [2], hiki ke hoʻomaopopoʻia kahi kūlana o kaʻike kuʻuna e like me ke kūlana manawaʻole a iʻole ka hikiʻole ke hoʻololi i waena o nā poʻe waena a me nā poʻeʻelemākule iʻike i ka moekino ma mua o ka wā maʻamau. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, nā poʻeʻoihana olakino e noʻonoʻo e pili ana ka pilina o nā mea e pili ana i nā kumuhana o ke kino, ka hoʻomana, nā hoa moekolohe a me ka wahine kāne, aʻaʻole lākou e hōʻoia i kēia mau kāne maʻamau, i'ōleloʻia me ka loaʻaʻole o ka moekolohe pili lōʻihi, ʻO ka hana Erectile (IIEF) no ka hoʻoholoʻana iā ED. No ka'ōlelo kūpono maʻamau no ka loiloiʻana i ke kūlana o kaʻikeʻole, pehea e hōʻoia ai i ka pono o ka hana erectile a me ka huliʻana i nā kumu kūpono no kaʻikeʻole i loko o kēia pūʻulu. Akā i kēia lā,ʻaʻoheʻikepili,ʻikeʻole, a me kaʻikepili no ka heluna e hiki ke kōkua i nā kauka e hoʻomaopopo i ke kūlana o ka mea maʻamau. Ua laweʻo Shanghai i ke alakaʻi i ka wāʻelemakule a ua liloʻo ia i wahi mua me ka noho kahiko o ka lāhui ma Kina. ʻO ka nui o nā kānaka ma luna o 65 e hiki i kahi kiʻekiʻe oʻehā miliona i ka makahiki 2025, a laila noho 29% o ka heluna kanaka a pau [3]. Pēlā e hiki ai ke noʻonoʻo nuiʻia ka heluna ulu o Shanghai ma keʻano he aupuni, aʻo ka heluna kāne kāne paha ka mea kūpono loa no ka hoʻonaʻauaoʻana i nā moe kolohe. ʻO ka pahuhopu o kēia hoʻonuiʻana i ka nui o nā poʻe o ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka lāhui e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ka hana hana o nā poʻeʻokoʻa a me nā mākua me kahi kūlanaʻikeʻole ma ka hoʻohālikeʻana i ke kūlana o kaʻike kūlike me ED a me ka EDʻole e like me ka ho'ākākaʻana i ke kaulike, a ma keʻano o ka poʻe nāʻike a me nāʻano nohona a me nāʻano o keʻano o ka nohona a me ka hōʻuluʻulu houʻana i nā kumu kūpono no ka nīnau.
Nā Pono a me nā Una
Ka Heluhelu Kanaka
Ua nānāʻia kēiaʻimi i ka pilina a me ke kūlana olakino i waena o nā makahiki a me nā mākua mai 40 a hiki i ka 80 mau makahiki. Ua hoʻolālāʻia nā lālā he iwakāluakūmālua e like me ke kikowaena nui o ke kūlanakauhale, ka waho o ke kūlanakauhale a me ke kaona o nā kauhale e nā epidemiologists. Ua hoʻokumuʻia nāʻekalesiaʻehiku no ka hoʻokolokoloʻana ma kahiʻano hoʻomohala maʻamau. ʻO nā mea komo mai nā kaiāulu koho i waeʻia i hoʻokomoʻia e nā pepa paʻi. I ka manawa o ka hoʻokolokoloʻana (mai ka 2008 a hiki i ka 2011), ua hiki i nā kāne i mālama i ka mālama pono a noho i loko o ke kūlanakauhale no nā makahikiʻoi aku i ka makahiki hoʻokahi. ʻO nā kumu i loaʻa i nā maʻi o ka uluʻana i ke kino a me ka maʻi kūponoʻole paha, nā maʻi kūikawā (ʻo ia hoʻi nā maʻiʻeha o ka maʻi maʻi a me nā maʻi psychiatric, ka nui o ka maʻi kīnā a me ka maʻi heppa) a me ka nohoʻana o ka wahine kāne a me ka pilikino. Ua hoʻokūpaʻaʻia nā maʻi a pau e ka hōʻike pilipino, hōʻike loiloi a me ka ninaninauʻana. Ma ka 1,720 kuleana kūpono, ua hoʻokumuʻo 1,591 i ka helu palena i loko o ka home. ʻO ka 1,591 mau mea i pane i ka papa helu palena, ua hoʻokaʻawaleʻiaʻo 60 e like me kaʻike kū'ē'ē a iʻole i hoʻokūʻole, i waihoʻia nā kānaka 1,531 e kūpono no ka helu helu.
Nā Hana i hoʻohanaʻia
Ua hoʻolālāʻia ka malahana ma muli o keʻano o ka Massachusetts Male Study Study [4]. Ma keʻano pōkole, ua kipa kekahi kahuhana hoʻokipa kula / phpotomist i nā kumuhana i ka Center Community Service a iʻole kona home e like me nā hana maʻamau maʻamau i kūkuluʻia no ka papahana ākea. [5], loaʻa nāʻikepili lāhui, lawelawe i kekahi nīnau nīnau olakino laulā a me nā mea hoʻolālā pilikino kūlana, a loaʻa i ka loaʻaʻana o nāʻano koko. Ua loaʻa i kēia noi kahi hōʻailona loiloi hou e hoʻolālāʻia e ke keʻena (Renbi Hospital, Shanghai no No. RJLS2008175), a ua hāʻawiʻia kaʻae a hoʻomaopopoʻia e nā mea a pau e aʻo ana. Ua laweʻia nā hōʻiliʻili i hōʻiliʻiliʻia i loko o kahiʻikepili i hoʻonohonohoʻia ma o ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka pūnaewele ACCESS me ke kōmihana hana, hiki keʻikeʻia ma ka Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai a me Shanghai Institute of Andrology.
Ua loaʻa nā ana o ke koko. Ua heluʻia ka heluna pūʻulu kino (BMI) i ka ana i kaupaonaʻia i nā kilokui i māheleʻia e ka ana i ana i nā mika a hāmamaʻia me ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka hoʻohālikeʻana o ka Pūʻulu Ola Ola (WHO) [6]: ka kaumaha (≥25 kg / m2) ʻaʻole paha (<25 kg / m2). Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā ana o ka puhaka (WC) i ke ana o ka adiposity kikowaena, a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻelua mau ʻāpana: ka momona (≥90 cm) a i ʻole (<90 cm)) [7].
No ka loiloiʻana i ke kūlana wahine, ua hāʻawiʻia kekahi nīnau pili pono no ka piliʻana i ka moekolohe i kēlā me kēia kumuhana no ka pauʻana i kahi hiʻona. I loko o ka nīnau pilikino kūlana pili kanaka i hōʻuluʻuluʻia iā lākou iho iʻelua mau papa:ʻaʻohe moekolohe a iʻole ka moekolohe ma nā mahina i hala iho nei 6. Ua hāʻawiʻoluʻoluʻia kahi waihona 5 o ka International Declaration of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) i nā kumu me ke alapine o ka moekolohe ≥1 manawa no kēlā me kēia mahina i nā mahina i hala iho nei 6, a ua hoʻokaʻawaleʻia iʻekolu mau hanana: non-ED (IIEF-5M22), me ka ED (21≥IIEF-5≥12) a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ED (11≥IIEF-5≥5). ʻO nā mea i paneʻole me ka moekolohe e ho'āʻo ana no nā māhele 6 ma lalo iki iho ua ho'ākākaʻia e like me ka loaʻaʻana o kahi kūlanaʻike. ʻO nāʻike e pili ana i ke kūlana o ke kino, e like me ka hoa pili heterosexual ("male, makua kāne, wehe a hoʻokaʻawale" a me ka "pili pili ponoʻole"), pili pili i ka moekino ("ʻaʻole e pili i ka moekino"), pilikia proctile ("pilikia prectile"), ("ʻaʻohe mea e pono ai no ka moekoloheʻana i kēia mau makahiki"), ka pilikia o ke kanaka a me ke ola ("pilikia nui," "nāwaliwali nui" a me ka "haʻahaʻa o ka noho") a me ka masturbation ("ka masturbatory masturbation" a me " ), i hōʻiliʻiliʻia i hoʻokahi o ka poʻe. I ka hopena, ua hoʻopauʻia nā kumu kiko'ī no ke kūlana hanaxxity mai nāʻike i hōʻiliʻiliʻia o nā nīnauele.
Ua hoʻohanaʻia nāʻikepili mai ka hālāwai ninaninau ma waena e nānā i nā hopena ola o ka hoihoi. Ua noiʻia nā mea e pili ana i ka hoʻolālā mauʻana i nā makahiki i hala iho nei 5 ("hoʻonohonohoʻia" i ia manawa i hoʻokahi manawa ma kēlā me kēia wiki, no kaʻoi aku o nā mau makahiki 3) [8]. Subjects 'customary alcohol intake was estimated by self-report using the formula of Khavari and Farber [9]. Uaʻikeʻia ka uahi puhi puhi ma o ka hōʻike pilikino, a ua hoʻohālikelikeʻia nā mea puhi puhi i kēia manawa e like me ka mea e puhi ana i ka meaʻai i ka manawa o ka loiloi a ua puhi i ka puhi ma mua o 100 cigareki i ko lākou ola [10]. Ua heluʻia ka inuʻana i ka meaʻai ma o ka nīnau nīnau pinepine no nā makahiki 5 i hala iho nei a ua hoʻokaʻawaleʻia i loko o nā'āina ("hoʻonohonohoʻia" i ka manawa hoʻokahi i hoʻokahi lā, no kaʻoi aku o ke mau makahiki 1).
No ka hōʻoiaʻiʻoʻana i kēia hopena o nā maʻi o ka maʻi i hōʻikeʻia i kēlā me kēia, ua hoʻohana mākou i nāʻano likeʻole me ka hōʻike loiloi lāʻau, ka loiloiʻana i nā loiloi, ka nūele loiloi, aiʻole nā noi noi. Ua hōʻikeʻia ka hahaohao ma ka paepae inā ua hōʻoiaʻia kahi aʻoi aʻe paha o nā kumu i lalo: 1) ua hoʻohanaʻia ke kumuhana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau; 2) ke koko kiʻekiʻe o ke koko o ka poliXXUMUM mmHg a iʻole ka diastolic pressure pressureXXUMUM mmHg [11]. Ua kapaʻiaʻo Dyslipidemia e like me ka nui o ka cholesterol MA5.72 mmol / L; a / / triglyceridesM1.70 mmol / L; a / aiʻole ka lipoprotein cholesterol maʻamau =3.64 mmol / L; a me / a hoʻohana 'ia paha o ka lāʻau cholesterol-downering. Ua kapaʻia ka maʻi diabetal e like me ka wikiwiki o ke koko glucose poʻo7.0 mmol / L a / a hoʻohana paha o ka lāʻau hōʻailona diabetes. I ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka NIH-CPSIʻOihana Hōʻailona Hōʻailona Hōʻailona (PLS), uaʻikeʻia keʻano o ka hōʻailona maʻamau (LUTS), a me / a perineal a / a iʻole e kaumaha aiʻole ka pilikia [12]. Ua hoʻohanaʻia kaʻikeʻana o ka'ōlohelohe International (IPSS), ke'eneke kūpono maʻamau (DRE), ka lāʻau lapaʻau o ka ultrasound a me ka loaʻaʻana o nā lāʻau'aloʻolo merogene e hoʻomaopopo i kaʻoiaʻiʻo o ka lipopholasia prostatic (BPH).
Ua hoʻopau maikaʻi nā mea aʻo a pau i kahi papahana aʻo e hoʻohuli iā lākou i nā kumuʻelua o ka haʻawina a me nā pono a me nāʻano hana i hoʻohanaʻia. Ua laweʻia kekahi'ōpēpī no ka laweʻana i ke koko no ka lāʻau glucose (ʻana i ka hoʻohanaʻana i keʻano enzymatic hexokinase i hoʻololiʻia) a me nā koi lipid (i hōʻoiaʻia me ka enzymatically ma o ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā hoʻopiʻi kūʻai kūʻai) [13]. ʻElua mau hanana o nāʻano koko kūponoʻole e hukiʻia no nā mea himona [14], [15], [16] a me ka helu holoʻokoʻa a pau o ka prostate (TPSA) [17], kēlā me kēia. Ua hanaʻia nā hoʻokolohuaʻana i ke koko ma kahi keʻena laʻauʻokoʻa (Hospital Hospital Renji, Shanghai, Kina).
ʻIkeʻIke Heluhelu
Hoʻokaʻawaleʻia nā mea a pau iʻehā mau makahiki i kēlā me kēia makahiki e like me ka hāʻawiʻana o ka heluna kanaka iʻikeʻia (40-51, 52-59, 60-64 a me 65-80). Ua hoʻokaʻawaleʻia ka nohoʻana o ka moe i nāʻehā: non-ED, kelepona ED, kūpono i ka hewa ED a me ka statusxxuality. Hoʻolaha hoʻokahi ANOVA (ʻike i nā kikowaena maʻamau), Kruskal-Wallis (hōʻuluʻuluʻikeʻikeʻole) a me nā ho'āʻo kūhāhā (ʻikeʻikeʻia) i hoʻohālikelikeʻia ma waena o nā huiʻehā i nāʻano likeʻole, a ua hoʻohanaʻia ka correct correctionʻo Bonferroni e pale aku keʻano o nā hoʻohālike likeʻana. I ka hopena, ua nānā nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻoponopono āpau i nā kikowaena i hoʻonohonoho muaʻia,ʻo keʻano o ke kino a me nāʻano o keʻano e pili ana i ka nohokino. Ua hāʻawiʻia nāʻokoʻa mau e like me ka mean ± ka hoʻokaʻawale maʻamau (SD) a me ka median (minimal-maximum). ʻO Statistical PUa manaʻo ʻia ʻo <0.05 e hōʻike ana i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā hui. Ua hana ʻia nā anamanaʻo helu āpau me SPSS13.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA).
Results
Ma ka 1,720 kuleana kūpono, ua loaʻa iā mākou nā pane mai nā māhele 1,591 (92.5 māhina) a me nā helu i hoʻohālikelikeʻia mai nā'ōnaehana 1,531 (89.0 māhina). ʻO nā'āpana o nā meaʻokoʻa o nā makahiki he mau 12.9% (40-51), 22.6% (52-59), 28.0% (60-64) a me 36.4% (65-80), ma kēlā me kēia. ʻO ka helu holoʻokoʻa a pau o ED a me ka kūlana kūkākūkā o 49.9% (765 / 1,531) a me 37.2% (569 / 1,531), i kēlā me kēia. ʻO ka hoʻokaheʻana i nā maʻi kūlohelohe a me ka nohona piliʻana i nā makahiki o nā makahiki i hōʻikeʻia ma Hōʻike 1. ʻO nā kumu kūikawā no ke kūlana nīnau, me nā kumu nui "ʻaʻole e hopohopo i ka moekolohe" (53.5%), "pilikia hoʻopiʻi" (52.9%), "ʻaʻohe mea e pono ai no ka moekoloheʻana i kēia mau makahiki" (47.7%), " kaohimaha "(44.4%) a me" ke kūkuluʻana i ka masturbatory "(26.9%), i hōʻuluʻuluʻia ma Hōʻike 2.
Hōʻike 1. ʻO ka māheleʻana i ka maʻi kūlohelohe a me ka nohona pili kanaka ma waena o nā'ōpio.
hana: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0092794.g001
Hōʻike 2. ʻO nā kumu kūpono no ka nīnauʻole o ka heluna kanaka me ka moekoloheʻole.
hana: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0092794.g002
1 Pūnaewele hōʻuluʻulu i nāʻokoʻa o nā mea pilikia e pili ana iā ED ma nā papaʻehā. ʻO ka nui o ke kūlana o ka nui o kaʻike kanaka i ka makahiki, ke kiʻekiʻe o ke koko, ke kiʻekiʻe o ka FBG, ka creatinine a me ka level TPSA, a me ka leka LH haʻahaʻa; a hōʻike i ka nui o ka maʻi diabetes a me ka hypertension.
Ka Papahana 1. Nā hōʻikeʻike a me nāʻike o nā poʻe i komo e like me ka IIEF-5.
hana: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0092794.t001
2 Pūnaewele hōʻike i nā hui ma waena o ka nohona pili kino a me nā mea pilikia o ED. Ma ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka loiloi loiloi, uaʻike mākou i kahi pilina maikaʻi ma waena o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa a me ka hewa ED a me kaʻelemakule (ka liʻiliʻi ratio (OR) = 8.01, 95% CI: 3.62-17.71; P<0.001), diabetes (OR = 2.36, 95% CI: 1.16–4.80; P = 0.02), hāpai (OR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.07-2.79; P = 0.03), BPH (OR = 3.58, 95% CI: 1.55-8.25; P = 0.03) a me PLS (OR = 5.88, 95% CI: 1.20-28.79; P = 0.03); a me ka pilina maikaʻi ma waena o ka nohona a me kaʻelemakule (OR = 18.49, 95% CI: 10.34-33.05; P<0.001), diabetes (OR = 2.40, 95% CI: 1.36–4.25; P = 0.003) a me ka hanu (OR = 1.78; 95% CI: 1.25-2.55; P = 0.002).
Ka Papahana 2. ʻO ka Bivariate a me ka hui lehulehu o nā hopena o ka hopena me kaʻoihana moekolohe.
hana: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0092794.t002
kūkākūkā
ʻO kā mākou mauʻike, i hoʻonohonohoʻia ma ka hōʻikeʻike'āina mai Shanghai, hōʻikeʻia i ka nui o ka poʻe o waena a me nāʻelemakule i loaʻa nā pilikia pili i ka wahine, a he nui nō hoʻi ka nui o nā kāne i hōʻike i ka kūlana nīnau. Ua loaʻa i nā kāne me ke kūlana maʻamau ka hopena iʻoi aku ka hopena ma mua o ka nui o ka nui o ka ED a me ka nui o nā kumu no kā lākou hana likeʻole me ka hana'elepili o ka honua, akā he mau kānaka wale nō me ke kūlanaʻikeʻole iʻikeʻia he kūkulu kūlohelohe lākou i ka manawa o ka masturbation.
ʻO ka nui o nā hihia kuʻuna a me nā mea likeʻole o ED i loko o kā mākou haʻawina i kākoʻo i nā noiʻi mua ma nā'āina'Asia a me nā Komohana [18], [19], [20], [21]. ʻO nā hopena pilikia o ED i pili i nā makahikiʻelemakule, ka maʻi hīkī, ke kiʻekiʻe, BPH a me PLS, aʻo kaʻelemakule ka mea kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa. Eia naʻe, ua loaʻa iā mākou kekahi mau pilikia i loko o kēia heluna kanaka. ʻO ka piʻiʻana o ED i loko o nā kānaka me nā 40-51 makahiki,ʻo ia ka 58.6%, kahi iʻokoʻa mai nāʻikepili i nāʻike i hala i hala i hala (episode) mai ka 2% i ka 39% i nā kāne ma waena o nā makahiki o 40 a me 50 makahiki) [22]. Hiki ke ho'ākākaʻia ka loli nui o ED ma 40-51 makahiki i kēia mau mea:ʻo ka mua,ʻo ka nui a me nāʻike'ē aʻe i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hōʻikeʻia ka ulu nui o ka uluʻana o ED i nā poʻe'ōpio a me waena. [23], [24]; ʻo ka lua, he kiʻekiʻe nui o ka ED pono (53.5% i nā mea a pau,ʻaʻole i hōʻikeʻia ma nā hualoaʻa) i hōʻikeʻia i loko o kēia pūʻulu, kahi i mālamaʻoleʻia i kaʻoihana ola [25]; ʻo ka kolu,ʻo nā hana kuʻuna a me nā pilina Haina e hiki ke hopena i ka piʻiʻana o ka loiloihana ED i waena o nā kāneʻelemakule [26],ʻoiaiʻaʻole nā helu IIEF-5 e wehe i ka psycho psycho ED [26], [27]. ʻAʻole he mau pili nui ma waena o ED, dyslipidemia a me nāʻano noho, ka mea e like paha mai kaʻikepili noiʻiʻItalia i nā poʻe maʻi me ka dyslipidemia [28] aiʻole / a me nāʻano hewa [29], [30] he piʻi ka nui o ka hoʻomohalaʻana i ED. ʻO kēia mau kuhihewaʻole i hiki mai ke kumu o ka heluna kānaka. Smith et al. [31] uaʻikeʻiaʻaʻole he pilina ma waena o ka helu IIEF-15 a iʻole ka paʻakikī o ED a me ka cholesterol serum a me nā triglyceride, a me Hall et al [32] ʻike pū ʻia ʻaʻohe hui maikaʻi maikaʻi ma waena o hyperlipidemia i hana ʻole ʻia a me ED i ke ana hoʻohālike multivariate. I kā mākou heluna kanaka noiʻi, ʻo ka hapanui o nā kumuhana he ʻelemakule makahiki (64.5 pakeneka> 60 mau makahiki) a ua ʻeha ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā maʻi ʻōnaehana, no laila ke koi ʻia nei ko lākou kūlana olakino maikaʻi e hoʻomaikaʻi i ko lākou nohona (e laʻa me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka papaʻai a me nā ʻano hoʻoikaika kino). paha e pōmaikaʻi i kā lākou kaohi o ka dislipidemia a me ka momona. Akā ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ua manaʻo ʻia kēia mau hopena e pili ana i ka hopena o ka hopena o kēia maʻi i nā maʻi ʻōnaehana ma mua o nā kumu nohona maikaʻi ʻole.
Ua hoʻohana nuiʻia ka pūnaewele papahana IIEF (aiʻole IIEF-5) no ka loiloiʻana i ka hanaʻoihana [33], [34]. Eia naʻe,ʻo ka nīnau nīnau, me ka nānāʻole i nā kāne me ka "ʻaʻohe moe kolohe i nā 4 mau pule hope loa", ua palena ia no ka loiloiʻana i ke kūlana kūkākūkā i ho'ākākaʻia maʻaneʻi me ka loaʻaʻole o ka hoʻowākinoʻana no nā mahina keu 6. No ka mea,ʻaʻohe'ōlelo kūikawā no ka loiloiʻana i kaʻike i kaʻikeʻole i loko o nā papahana hōʻoia, ponoʻole ke kāpaeʻia nā haumāna me kaʻikeʻole i nā kānaka noiʻi ma ka nui o nā pūʻulu. Eia naʻe, he mea koʻikoʻi ka paneʻana i kēia nīnau ma muli o ka nui o nā kānaka i halaʻole i ka halaxual asexual,ʻo ia hoʻi ka poʻeʻelemakule. [35], [36]. Ma kā mākou noiʻana, ua hōʻikeʻo 37.2% o nā makahiki waena a me nāʻelemakule i ka statusxxxuality, no laila e hōʻike anaʻaʻole hiki ke haʻaleleʻia ka hōʻuluʻuluʻana o kēia pūʻulu. No ka ho'ākākaʻana i ke kūlana hilahila o ka hana erectile (ED hana a iʻole ka hana kūwaho maoli) i ka hui pū me keʻano asexuality, ua hoʻohālikelike mākou i kahi kūlike me keʻano kūpono i ka ED a me ka ED-ʻole ma nāʻano o nā pilikia pili i ED. ʻO nā lālā no ka hoʻouka kūikawā o 60-64 makahiki a me 65-80 makahiki i nā mea pane i ke kūlana'ikexuality kaʻoi loa o ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka hui pū me ka huhū kūpono a me ka hewa ED ma o ka 2.5 fold a me ka 2.2 pākahi. Eia kekahi, uaʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o nā maʻi o ka maʻi maʻamau a me ka hauhaʻi i nā kāne me ke kūlana o ke kūlana maʻamau ma mua o ka nui o nā kāne ED. Ua hōʻikeʻia kēia mau hopena i ka piliʻana o ka hapanui o nā hihia i kahi kūlana'ikewai a pili i ka ED piha, i maopopo i kaʻikeʻana o ka nui o nā kāne me kahi kūlanaʻikeʻole i ka hiki i ka moekolohe maʻamau.
Ma ka ho'āʻoʻana e hōʻoia i kaʻaelike i haʻiʻia nei, uaʻike mākou i nā kumuhana hōʻike pilipino no ka hana hewa i kēlā poʻe kāne me ka moe koloheʻole. Ua hōʻike ka hōʻike hōʻike pūʻokoʻa i kā mākou haʻawina i hōʻikeʻia ka 52.9% o nā kāne i loko o nā kūlana o ka'enekeneke kanaka i "pilikia hoʻopiʻi" no ke kumu nui o kēia hulina, ke kākoʻo mau nei i ka hōʻoia i hōʻikeʻia. Eia kekahi, nā hoʻopiʻi o ka "pōpilikia koʻikoʻi" (44.4%), "ka pilina pili kino" (26.3%) a me ka "liʻiliʻi haʻahaʻa" (4.4%), e pili ana i ka pilikanaka, ka naʻau a me ke kino nā mea e hoʻokūpilikia ai i ka hopena o ka hana kino a me ke kūkuluʻana [37], [38],ʻo ia hoʻi nā kumu o ka hoʻomohalaʻana i nā mea maʻamau i kēia heluna kanaka. ʻO kēia mau ho'ākāka i weheweheʻia i ka hapa no ke kumu i pilikia ai ka nui o nā kāne me ke kūlana maʻamau. Uaʻike mākou i ka nui o nā kāne me ke kūlana nīnauʻole "ʻaʻole lākou e noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ka moekolohe" (53.5%) a "ʻaʻohe mea e pono ai e pili i ka moekoloheʻana i kēia mau makahiki" (47.7%) e like me nā kumu kumuʻelua'ē aʻe no kaʻikeʻole, me ka hāʻawiʻana i kēia mau kumu e loaʻa ai kahi hana kūpono maʻamau. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, keʻano o nā hiʻohiʻonaʻelua: nā manaʻo e pili ana i ka moekolohe a me ka nele i ka moekolohe. No ka mea, ua mareʻia nā kāne he nui i ke kūlana maʻamau a iʻole he ola kinoʻana ma mua o lākou,ʻo ke kūlana maʻamau o kēia mau mea e pili ana i ka noho maʻamau a me ka piliʻana i ka moekolohe a me ka pilina. [39]. ʻO ke kumu kūpono loa no kaʻokoʻa o nā manaʻo kolohe e lilo paha i mea e hopohopo ai ka hana maʻamau i ko lākou ola'eʻeʻe me ka hoʻonuiʻana o ka makahiki. Hiki ke hoʻopiliʻia ka nele o ka moekolohe me kaʻelemakule (e hōʻike ana i ka 65.70 ± 8.20 makahiki), ka testosterone haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (i ka hoʻohālikelikeʻana me kaʻole ED) a me nā maʻi o ka maʻi maʻamau, e like me nāʻikepili i loko o ka Study European Training Aging (EMAS) [40]. ʻO ke kauʻana o ka mumua testosterone matū e hiki ai i ka lobido iki o ka libido [41], aʻo kahi hemahema o ka testosterone maʻamau ka mea e hoʻonāukiuki i ka pilau o ka honua ma ka hanaʻoleʻana i ka vasodilation o ka penile arterioles a me nā mea kino [42]. No laila,ʻokoʻa nāʻanoʻokoʻa likeʻole a me ka makemake haʻahaʻa pili i nā mea pilikia o ED.
Hiki i nā kāne me ke kūlana hoʻokahi a me kaʻike pilikino ka manaʻo e hoʻomau i ka hana maʻamau ponoʻole ināʻaʻole lākou e moe kolohe. Eia naʻe, uaʻike mākou i kahi māhele liʻiliʻi o nā kāne me ka nānāʻana i ka "xxxxx "i ka" single, widowed, divorced or separate "(4.3%) ma muli o nā kumu o ka hana maʻamau i ke aʻo. ʻOiai kahi i kahi hapahā o nā kānaka me kaʻike maʻamau i hōʻikeʻia ua loaʻa iā lākou kaʻike kūkākūkā,ʻo 35.3% wale nō (9.5% i loko o nā mea a pau) i manaʻoʻia he hana kūpaʻa maʻamau. I ka pōkole,ʻoiai ua hōʻikeʻia nā kumu he nui no ka nīnauʻole, hiki i ka hapanui o lākou ke manaʻoʻia e hoʻokau i ka pilikia a me nā mea pilikia.
He nui nāʻano ikaika o kēia haʻawina, e like me kahi hoʻolālā aʻoʻana o ka poʻe koa, ka nui o nā hiʻohiʻona nui a me nā kuʻuna maʻamau i alakaʻiʻia e nā nīnauele i aʻoʻia. Ua ho'ēmiʻia ka hāpai kohoʻana no ka nui o ka pane paneʻana ma ka hoʻonuiʻana (92.5%). ʻO ka mea nui, ua wehe mākou i ke kūlana kūkākūkā a me ka wae pololei a me nā wae i hoʻohālikeʻia me ka'ōlelo hoʻoholo'ōlelo ma keʻano he lālā kūkākūkā no ka hoʻokolohua. Hiki ke hoʻohui i kahi kūlana o ke kūlanaʻikeʻole e pili ana i kahi olaxuality lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi i nā puke e like me kaʻole'ōlelo kūikawā no ka loiloiʻana i ka solxxxity i loko o kaʻoihana ola. Eia naʻe, pono e noʻonoʻo nā palena o kēia aʻo no ka weheweheʻana i nā hopena. E like me ka nui o nā noiʻi noiʻi likeʻole, hoʻokahi o ka hopohopo heʻoiaʻiʻo uaʻikeʻia kekahi mauʻikepili, akā naʻe, ua'āponoʻia nāʻano pilikino e like me ka pololei. No ka hoʻopiʻiʻana i kēia pilikia, ua hōʻiliʻili mākou i nāʻikepili iʻikeʻia e hiki ai ke kākoʻo i nā hualoaʻaʻikeʻia. ʻO kekahi manaʻo nui,ʻaʻole mākou i hōʻiliʻili i kaʻikepili kūpono e pili ana i ke kūlana olakino o nā hoa wahine aʻaʻole mākou i nānā a hoʻopaʻapili i ka nohona asexual ola e like me nā mea maʻamau i ko mākou heluna.
I ka hopena, ua hele pinepine ka mea maʻamau i waena o nā makahiki o nā makahiki a me nāʻelemakule, aʻo nā kānaka me kēiaʻano uaʻoi aku ka hopena o ka hopena o ED ma mua o nā kāne me ka ED a me ka ikaika. ʻO ka hapa nui o ke kūlana o ka nohona pili i hiki ke pili i kahi kūlana ED piha,ʻoiaiʻo nā kumu no kahi kūlana kūkākūkā e pili ana i nā manaʻo kuʻuna a me nā pono, nā hoa moekolohe a me ka masturbation. Pono e hoʻonui i nā noiʻi e hoʻolālā i kahi hoʻokolokolo kūpono no ka loiloi i ka hoʻomauʻana i ka hana o ka polytechic erectile i loko o ka heluna kanaka me kahi kūlana makexuality, a kuhikuhi i kahi māhele o nā kāne maʻamau,ʻo ia hoʻi nā'ōpio'ōpio,ʻo ia hoʻi, a hiki i 18 makahiki. E kōkua ka mea hope i ka weheweheʻana i nā mea, iʻikeʻoleʻia, hiki iā ia ke hoʻoulu i nā'ōpio i ka hōʻeuʻeu no ke olakino pili kino.
mau hoomaikai ana
Paipai nā mea kākau i ke aloha iā Professor Cadavid Nestor Gonzalez-Cadavid (Keʻenaʻo Urology, UCLA Kula Medicine, Charles Drew University) no kāna kōkuaʻana me kēia palapala.
Nā mea kōkua i kākau
Loaʻa a hoʻolālāʻia nā ho'āʻo: BC YW YH. Hana i nā hoʻokolohua: PP HW KH HY TF YJ TZ YH. ʻImiʻia kaʻikepili: YH HW KH HY TF YJ TZ. Nā kikowaena i hāʻawiʻia / nā mea hana / unuhi waiwai: KH HY TF YJ TZ. Hoʻopili i ka pepa: YH HW. Ke nānā hou nei iā ia no kaʻike Intellectual: Bin Chen Ping Ping Hong-XiangʻO Wang Kai Hu HaoʻO Tānana Feng Yan Jin Tao Zhang.
E hoʻomaopopo '
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