Hoʻohana i kēia mau manu e hoʻihoʻi i kēia mau manu i kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe
Na NATALIE ANGIER
Ma waena o nā kīkēkē āpau āpau i kēia mau lā ma luna o nā makana no nā makuahine tiger a me nā ʻōpio helikopter, e ʻae iaʻu e hana i kahi māla no ke ʻano hoʻohilahila manuahi o ka uwapo ʻo New Caledonian.
Kui ʻia nā poʻo puaʻa hou ʻo Kaledonian no kā lākou mākaukau paahana.
I ka laikini, kaomi a me ka paʻakikī o kā lākou hoʻohana lāʻau, ko lākou hiki ke hoʻowalewale a me nā lāʻau i mālama ʻia i nā lāʻau, nā lau, nā ʻāpana, nā kaula a me nā mea kūlohelohe a me kahi mea ʻē aʻe paha i hiki iā lākou ke ʻike i loko o ka lako kūpono no ka lawaiʻa ʻana i ka meaʻai, ka lawaiʻa ʻana. -, kolu - a ʻoi aku paha, nā māka nui, ʻaʻohe i nā ʻili o ke kuapo i ka vivarium nonhuman, a ua komo i kēlā me kēia mau puke hoʻonaninani dexterous like me nā elepani, nā puke me nā chimpanzees.
Ua hala nā wikiō o nā haʻawina noiʻi me nā mea ʻakeva, e hōʻike ana i nā manu e hana nei i nā mea e ʻike pono ʻia ana. I kekahi laʻana kaulana mai Kulanui o Oxford, he wahine i kapa ʻia ʻo Betty e hāwili i kahi ʻāpana pololei o ke kūwaho i waho o kahi cylinder aila e hana i ka ʻano o ka kaula, a laila hoʻokomo ʻo ia i loko o kahi silika e lawe ai i kahi kāʻei lima mai ka lalo ma kahi paʻa me he mea lā e haki ai kahi iho pani mai kahi kahawai. ʻAʻole kū ke kiʻi i nā wikiō kamaʻilio-kamaʻāina.
No laila pehea e hana manawaleʻa ai ka manu ma ka hana hoʻopunipuni? Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hōʻike hou i loko o ka puke pai Animal Animal Behaviour and Learning and Behaviour na mea noiʻi ma ke Kulanui o ʻAmelika e hōʻike ana ʻaʻole paha he nui loa ka hopena o ka pōmaikaʻi o nā nostrums e pili ana i ka poʻe: E hoʻomau nā keiki i ka wā ʻōpiopio i ka wā paʻa i kahi paʻa. home home; alakaʻi e ke kumu; hāʻawi i ka hoʻoikaika paʻa; ahonui a hoʻomau; hōʻohiʻoki i kekahi o nā keiki makua ma kahi o ka pākeke i kekahi manawa i loko o kona waha; a e hoʻomaopopo e pili ana i ka manawa manawa e poholo a lalo paha kahi goshawk a hoʻopau i ka papahana holo aʻoaʻo āpau.
Ua haʻi ʻo Jennifer C. Holzhaider, ka mea alakaʻi i nā nūhou ʻelua i hōʻike ʻia i loko o hoʻokahi makahiki o kā lākou hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ke kula he ʻekolu makahiki, ua hānau nā ʻōpio a lākou i ukana i mau hueholu o nā moa.
"Ua manaʻo mākou, ʻae, e loaʻa iā mākou he ʻewalu mau waʻa e hiki ai iā mākou ke nānā," wahi āna. Akā, ʻo nā goshawks, nā kiʻī, nā ʻūlau a me nā ua hoʻoheheʻe i lawe i kā lākou huaʻī, a hoʻokahi wale nō o kēlā mau moa pēpē i ola. "He ola paʻakikī ma ka nahele; aia wale nō ia nā mea, "wahi a Kauka Holzhaider.
Ma ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka hana pilikino a me ka hana a nā wīwī a me nā kikoʻī o kā lākou ola paʻakikī i kēlā me kēia lā, manaʻo nui nā mea noiʻi e loaʻa i nā ʻike hou i loko o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka naʻauao, ka hoʻohui ʻana ma waena o ka noʻonoʻo kino a me ka pono, a me ka pili pono o kēlā me kēia mana koho i ka hoʻolaha ʻana ka pono o nā lolo holoholona nui.
Makemake nā mea noiʻi e ʻike i ke kumu o ka 700 a i ʻole nā mea ʻano nui o nā manu, nā manu, nā mea manuahi, nā mea like ʻole a ka poʻe kūlohelohe o ka honua ka mea maʻamau, ua lilo ka huakaʻi nui o New Caledonian i kēlā me kēia ʻano. he YouTube o ka lālani.
"He pōkole nui," wahi a Russell D. Grey, ka luna o ka papa hana ma Auckland. "No ke aha lākou? No ke aha kēia ʻano ʻokoʻa ma kahi liʻiliʻi o ka mokupuni i ka Pākīpika hiki ʻole ke hoʻohana wale akā e hana i nā ʻano mea like ʻole, a i kahi kūpono ʻole ma mua o ke ʻano he rote a i ʻole nā papahana? No ke aha e hiki ai iā lākou ke hana ma ka liʻiliʻi loa a me nā cimpanzees i nā hoʻokolohua o ka ʻimi e hōʻike ai i ka ʻike ʻana i nā ʻano pilikino o ke ʻano honua a me ka hiki ke hoʻomālamalama mai ka pilikia mai kahi mua.
Inā aʻo nā manu e pale aku i nā lua a me nā pani i ka hoʻokau ʻana i kahi pahu pākēkē pepa, no ka laʻana, e pale aku lākou i nā lua a me nā pani ʻia ma nā ʻano like ʻole o ka papa lāʻau. "Ka ʻike ʻana i ko lākou ʻano pilikino," wahi a Kauka Grey, "ʻo ia ka hapa nui o nā lekiō."
Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina DNA hou e kū mua ana nā corvids i ka hopena o ka dinosaur, ma kahi ka 65 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ma kahi me ke kanaka o Ausetalia, a ua puka mai i waho. ʻAʻole i hele ka lōʻihi o nā kūpuna o ka puʻu Kaledoni ma mua o ka hoʻokū ʻana i ka ʻāina ma 220-mile ka lōʻihi e loaʻa ai i kona inoa.
ʻO ka hāleanehole Hou nā kaona ʻona nui ka leʻaleʻa o ka bila a me ka hulu, a ma ka awelika o 12 ʻehā ka lōʻihi a me ke kaupaona 12, ke ʻano waena o ka corvid: he liʻiliʻi iki ma mua o kahi manu, ʻoi aku ka pōpō ma mua o kahi jay a i ʻole kahi jackdaw. ʻO ka nui o ka palaʻai he mea ʻē aʻe.
"Ua nui ka nui o nā puʻu corvid," wahi a Kauka Grey, "akā hōʻike ʻo nā hōʻike hōʻike hewa loa ka nui o ka lolo o New Caledonian a ʻo nā corvids wale nō." A ʻo ka lolo, e hoʻonui ʻia, e hōʻike ana i nā paena nui ma ka avian like o ka cebitating forebrain , kūikawā hana i pili i ke aʻo ʻana a me nā akamai ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.
He mea kupaianaha nō hoʻi kā lākou mau bila, "ʻoi aku ka like me ke kūlike a ke kanaka kū'ē ma mua o ke kumukui corvid maʻamau," wahi a Dr. Grey.
"Hōʻike manawaleʻa kēia kīnā e mālama i nā mea hana," wahi a Anne Clark, nāna e aʻo i nā pua ʻaʻAmelika ma ka Kulanui o State ma New York ma Binghamton akā ua ʻike pono ʻia nā moa puaʻa hou o Caledonian ma ke kula. "Ke nānā nei wau iā lākou, manaʻo lākou e hopu i kahi lāʻau i ka wā i ʻike ʻia ʻole ai lākou e ʻike i kahi mea i waho," i ʻōlelo ʻia ai, i ka hoʻopuka ʻana o ka mea hoʻokūkū e hoʻoponopono i kahi pilikia me ka peni lima.
ʻO nā manu hana ʻaneʻane i ʻole i waho ma ke kula. Loaʻa iā lākou nā ʻōpala kūpono, kīhai lākou i ka lālā o ka lālā, a laila wili i ka hua lāʻau i nā ʻaukā pono. Wehe lākou i nā ʻāpana mai nā palena o nā ʻāpana kuʻuna o Pandanus, a laila hoʻohālikelike i nā ʻāpana i nā ihe nui maikaʻi.
Me kā lākou mau lekiʻi a me nā ihe, lawe lākou i nā slugs, nā pepeke a me nā invertebrates ʻē aʻe mai nā puʻu hohonu i ka lepo a i ʻole nā lāʻau. ʻO nā manu o nā hahai ma ke ʻano maʻamau.
Ma o ka loiloi transisland i hoʻohuli ʻia o nā hiʻohiʻona i waiho ʻia ma nā lau Pandanus e nā ʻōpala i kihi ʻia, ua manaʻo ʻo Gavin Hunt o ke Kulanui o ʻAkarana o kēlā me kēia mau ʻano hana like puʻupuʻu mai kēlā me kēia wahi, a paʻa mau kēlā mau hiʻohiʻona. Ma ka hōʻuluʻulu, nā ʻukala Kanake i kā lākou moʻomeheu.
He hana paʻakikī ka hoʻomana ʻana. I ka noi ʻana i ke ola o nā manu, ua hōʻoia ʻo Kauka Holzhaider a me kāna mau hoa i ka ʻike ma mua ʻO nā ʻīlio manuahi hou loa o Kalakona ʻaʻole ia he mau pōpoki kai-noho ola, ʻoiai he nui nā ʻīlio a me nā manu hānai, akā, pili i kahi hoʻonohonoho nīnika. Hoʻohui ʻo ka wahine a me nā wahine i ka wā o ka makahiki, hoʻopili hou i kā lākou pilina me nā mea hoʻowalewale e like me ka hānai ʻana a me ka ʻaʻa ʻana o kekahi i kekahi, e noho kokoke ana e hoʻopā, ʻaʻole hoʻi i noʻonoʻo i ka wā e pāʻani ai kā lākou hoa me kā lākou mea hana.
Noho nā manu ʻōpio me ko lākou mau mākua no ʻelua mau makahiki a i ʻole paha - he hilinaʻi nui lōʻihi, na ka manu alapine manu - a hana like lākou me ka ʻohana, ke kamaʻilio ʻana i ka wā āpau. "He ala kēia o ke kamaʻilio ʻana me ka leo mālie, 'Waak, waak, waak," maikaʻi kēlā me kēia ʻano, "i ʻōlelo ʻia e Dr. Holzhaider.
Pono nā juvenile i kā lākou apu. "Ke hoʻomau nei lākou, hakakā nui a me ka hoʻopuka ʻana ma nā lau Pandanus, e hoʻāʻo nei e hana," wahi a Kauka Holzhaider, "akā noʻeono mau mahina a, ʻaʻole i hiki i nā mea ulu ʻole ke hana i kahi mea hana."
Hoʻokomo nā mākua i ka wāwahi, e hāʻawi ana i ka meaʻai a nā kaukau a lākou i hoʻopiʻi ʻia me ko lākou mau mea hana hanohano ponoʻī. "Ma ka ʻike ʻana i kā lākou mau mākua i ka kīʻaha mai ka lāʻau mai, ua ʻike lākou aia kekahi mea pono e ʻimi pono ʻia," wahi āna. "Ke hoʻomau nei lākou iā lākou."
ʻO ke kaʻa pahupaʻa-ma-lāʻau: hana ia i kēlā me kēia manawa.
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