ʻO nā mea nui e hana ai i waena o nā'ōpio, nā kāne kāne o ke kāne e hana aʻaʻole hoʻi e hōʻike aku i nā pilikia hoʻohālikelike hoʻohālike (CAEP) (2015)

COMMENTS: E nānā i kēia mahele o ka aʻo

Stephanie A. Sanders PhD1,2,3, Brandon J. Hill PhD1,4, Erick Janssen PhD1,5, Cynthia A. Graham PhD1,2,6, *, Richard A. Crosby PhD1,2,7, Robin R. Milhausen PhD1,2,8 a me William L. Yarber HSD1,2,3,9

ʻO ka mea i kākau muaʻia ma ka pūnaewele: 17 AUG 2015

DOI: 10.1111 / jsm.12964

Ua kākoʻoʻia nā noiʻi i hoʻopukaʻia ma kēia puke e ke Keʻena National Institute of Health and Human Development (NICHD) o Eunice Kennedy Shriver o nā National Institutes of Health ma lalo o ka helu helu R21 HD 060447, E. Janssen a me SA Sanders (PI). ʻO ka palapala wale nō ka kuleana o nā mea kākau aʻaʻole i hōʻike i nā manaʻo kūlana o nā National Institute of Health.

Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo

Introduction

ʻO nā pilikia kūkulu hoʻohālike e pili ana i ka Condom (CAEP) he mea manaʻoʻole i ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka kāpena condom. ʻAʻole maopopo nā mākau mana o CAEP, a inā paha eʻikeʻia nā kānaka e hōʻike nei i kēia mau pilikia i nā pilikia o ka pae honua i nā manawa i hoʻohanaʻoleʻia ai ka condoms.

AIM

ʻO ka pahuhopu o ka hoʻonaʻauaoʻana,ʻo ia ka nānāʻana, ma kahi hiʻohiʻona o ka'ōpiopio male-'ōpio, nā kāne heterokū (nā makahiki 18-24), inā paha hiki i nā kānaka e hōʻike i ka CAEP nā pilikia kūkulu i ka hoʻohanaʻoleʻana i ka condoms a me (ii ) e hoʻoholo i nā pae hoʻohālikelike no ka hoʻoheheʻeʻana o ka erectile.

Nā Papahana

ʻO ka nui o nā kānaka 479 i hōʻiliʻiliʻia ma ka pūnaewele ua hoʻopihaʻia ka International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) a pane i nā nīnau e pili ana i nā pilikia pili kūkulu i ka hoʻohanaʻana a me ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā condoms i nā lā 90 i hala hope loa. Ua nānāʻia kaʻikepili, ka pilina kāne, a me nāʻokoʻa o ke kūlana olakino e like me ka hoʻopiliʻana.

Ka Papahana Kumu Loaʻa

Hōʻike i ka hopena o ke kino i hōʻikeʻia e ke kino ma ka hoʻohanaʻana o ka condom a i ka manawa o ka hui penile-vaginal (PVI) i nā lā ma mua o 90 a me IIEF-5.

Results

No nā kānaka, ua ho'ēmiʻia ka 38.4% i ka hui CAEP,ʻo 13.8% i loaʻa ka CAEP ma ka hoʻohana condom, 15.7% me ka CAEP ma PVI, a me 32.2% i loaʻa ka CAEP ma loko o ka mana condom a me ka PVI. ʻO nā kānaka e hōʻike ana i kekahiʻano CAEP iʻoi aku ka nui aʻe ma mua o ka hōʻikeʻana o nā kāne i ka CAEP no ka hōʻike pūʻana paha i nā pilikia o ke kūkuluʻana i ka wā e hana ai i kaʻaeʻana. ʻO nā kāne i hōʻike i ka CAEP i ka manawa o ka PVI wale nō a iʻole i ka manawa o ka noi a me ka PVI iʻike nuiʻia ma lalo o ka IIEF-5 ma mua o nā kāne me ka CAEP.

Panina

ʻO nā hopena i hōʻikeʻia e hiki i nā kānaka e hōʻike i ka CAEP keʻike hou i nā pilikia hou o ke kūkuluʻana. Pono nā kauka e hoʻomaopopo i kaʻikeʻana o nā kāne e hoʻohana ana i ka condoms i ka CAEP a inā he kūpono, e nānā i ka hoʻonaʻauao'enekino a hāʻawi i ka hoʻonaʻauao aʻoaʻo condom.

Introduction

ʻO ke kuhiʻiaʻana o ka hana'elepile erectile (ED) heʻano likeʻole ia ma nā haʻawina, e pili ana i ka māhele o ka wehewehe a me nā paeʻana i hoʻohanaʻia [1-3]. ʻO kekahi o nā mea wanana maʻamau no nā pilikia o universaltile ka makahiki. ʻOiai kaʻoi aku o ka hoʻomauʻana o ED iʻoi aku kaʻoi aku o kaʻoi aʻe i waena o nāʻelemakule [4], hōʻikeʻia nā pilikia'ekelapili e ka poʻe'ōpio. Hoʻokahi o nā maʻi o ka maʻiʻeha i hoʻohālikelikeʻia e pili ana i ka 2% o nā kāne ma lalo o ka makahiki 40-50 i'ōhumu no nā pilikia hoʻolimalima pinepine (EPs) [2]. ʻO kahi noiʻi hou loa i nā'āina'Elekaʻelima i hōʻikeʻia ua loaʻa iā 5% o nā kāne ma waena o 18 a me 29 mau makahiki i ka ED i nā mahina i hala iho nei 6 [5]. ʻO ka māhele o nā kānaka'ōpio i loaʻa i nā manawa kūpono kahiko, akā,ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe, mai ka 16% i kahi hiʻohiʻona o nā kāne ma lalo o nā makahiki 40. [6] i ka 30% ma kahi hiʻohiʻi Swiss no nā kāne o 18-25 makahiki [7].

ʻO kaʻike maʻamau o nā pilikiaʻeleʻele kahiko e hōʻikeʻia ai e hiki i nā mea keʻano waiwai ke hoʻokumu i kahiʻoihana koʻikoʻi nui. ʻO ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā condoms male he hoʻokahi ia o nā hiʻohiʻona o kahi kūlana e hoʻonohonoho ana i kekahi mau kānaka eʻike i nā pilikia o ke ere. Ma ke aʻoʻana o nā haumāna lapaʻau Pelekāne (keʻano makahiki: 21.2 makahiki), uaʻikeʻiaʻo 13.3% i loaʻa iā ED, hoʻohanaʻia me ka Māhele Pāʻani Kūikawā o ka Pono Erectile (IIEF-5) [8]. ʻO nā keikikāne i loko o kēia haʻawina nāna i hoʻohana i ka condoms heʻelua paha e hiki ke hōʻike i nā pilikia'āpono pono. I loko o kahi hōʻailona o nā poʻe maʻi i hoʻopiliʻia i ke kino e ka poʻe i laweʻia [9], 37.1% o nā kāne i hōʻike i nā pilikia kūkulu hoʻowalewale condom (CAEP) ma ka liʻiliʻi hoʻokahi manawa. Aia kekahi mau palapala noi, e pili ana i nā kāne moe kāne a me nā kāne henerosexual, i kēia manawa e kākau nei i ka CAEP he mea maʻamau [10]. ʻOiai ka hoʻomaopopoʻoleʻiaʻana o ka hana CAEP i loko o kahi noiʻi psychophysiologic hou o nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻokipa wahine,ʻo nā kāne me CAEP e makemake i ka manawa a me ka ikaika nui paha e hoʻonuiʻia ma mua o nā kāne me ka CAEP [11]. Akā, he mea maʻamau, akā, he emi nā hāmeʻa erectile ma ka hui CAEP wale nō i ka minuke mua o ka hoʻouluʻana i nā hanuʻana o ka wahine, me kaʻikeʻole i nāʻano likeʻole ma hope.

Hiki ke hoʻowahāwahāʻia ka pilikia o ka pilikia a me ka pilikia kūpono o ka CAEP, a me nā pilikia e pili ana i ka pilikia. [12], hoʻohana 'ole condom (hoʻopau hopena a me ka wehe mua) [9,13], a me ke kāohi i ka condom [14,15]. Ma kahi hoʻokolohua hope loa e pili ana i nā kānaka 1,875, nā manaʻo o ke kūkuluʻiaʻana o ka "maikaʻi" (me nāʻike o ka rigidity, ka penile lōʻihi, a me ke kaʻina, a me ka paʻakikī o ka kūkuluʻana i nā kūkulu) me ka likelike loa o ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka condom [13]. Hiki paha i nā kāne keʻike i ka CAEP ināʻaʻole lākou i ka hilinaʻi e hoʻohana pono i nā condoms, inā lākou eʻike i nā pilikia me ka condom e pono ai a manaʻo paha, a inā lākou e moe me nā hoa lōʻihi [9].

Nā Aims

Hoʻokahi nīnau, akā,ʻaʻole i nīnauʻia inā he mau kānaka paha e hōʻike i ka CAEP i ka hopena o nā pilikia ma kahi o ka moekolohe iʻole e hoʻohanaʻia ka condoms. No laila,ʻo ka pahuhopu o kēia aʻoʻana he mea e nānā ai, ma kahi hiʻohiʻona o ka poʻe'ōpio, nā kāne heterosexual (18-24), inā paha e hōʻike mai ana ka CAEP (i ka manawa o ka māpona condom, i ka wā o ka hui penile-vaginal [PVI], aiʻole ma nā kūlanaʻelua) hiki i: (i) loaʻa nā EPs ke hoʻohanaʻole i ka condoms; a (ii) ke kaʻawale i ka IIEF. ʻO kā mākou pahuhopuʻaʻole i ka manaʻo e hoʻomau i ka hoʻomauʻana i nā pilikia o ka honua a me ka hoʻomaopopoʻana i ka hoʻoponoponoʻana o ka CAEP i loko o kahi hōʻailona hanaʻole o nā'ōpio, a me nā kāne condom.

Nā Papahana

i komo

He mau'ōpiopio nā poʻe i komo, ma o nā papa inoa o nā kulanui (e like me nā hui haumāna a kulanui a me nā papa inoa o kaʻoihana) a hoʻolakoʻia nā leka uila ma Facebook. Ua loaʻa kaʻaeʻia mai nā luna pule a me nā kulekele hoʻolaha Facebook. Ua hoʻopiʻi mākou i nā kānaka me ka CAEP ma nā leka hoʻomaopopo i nīnauʻia: "Ua pilikia nā kāpena i kāu hana kūkuluʻana?" A "Māhele i nā condoms i kou loli?" E like me ke kohoʻana i ka pūnaewele, aia ma waena o 18 a me 24 makahiki, he heterone, ua hoʻohana i ka condom no PVI i loko o nā lā 90 i hala, a me ka hiki ke heluhelu i ka'ōlelo Pelekānia. Eia kekahi, ua weheʻia nā kāne inā lākou i loko o kahi pilina pili ponoʻole (monogamous) no ka 1 mahina a iʻole ka lōʻihi, no ka mea, ua loaʻa ka hoʻohana condom i ka hāʻuleʻana i loko o ka malama mua o ka pili [16]. Ua kāpiliʻia nā kānaka hōʻike CAEP. Ua noi aku mākou i nā pane i kekahi nīnau pono i ka hopena o ke ana e pili ana inā ua lawe lākou i ka nīnau me ka pololei a me ka hoʻohanaʻana o kā lākouʻike; ʻo 1.2% wale nō ka pane i pane maiʻaʻole lākou i noʻonoʻo pono a ua wehe mākou i kā lākouʻikepili.

ʻO ka laʻana hope loa he 479 mau kāne ʻōpio. Ua ʻae ʻia ka ʻae palapala i kākau ʻia mai nā mea komo āpau a ua ʻae ʻia ka papa loiloi Institution o ke kula nui i nā kaʻina hana aʻo.

Pākuhi

Ke Kumu Hana Hua'ōlelo

EPs i ka hoʻohanaʻoleʻana i nā Hōpomo

Loiloi ʻia ʻelua mau nīnau iā EP inā ʻaʻole hoʻohana nā kāne i ka condom. Ua noi ʻia nā mea i komo ʻia e "E noʻonoʻo e pili ana i nā manawa i loaʻa ai iā ʻoe ka penile – vaginal sex i ka PAST 90 DAYS a ʻaʻole ʻoe i hoʻohana i kahi condom." Ua ukali ʻia e nā nīnau ʻelua, "Ehia mau manawa āu i lilo ai a i hoʻomaka paha e nalowale i kāu kūkulu ʻana ma mua o ke komo ʻana (ma mua o ka hoʻokau ʻana i kāu ʻenekini i ka ʻōpala)?" a "Ehia mau manawa i lilo iā ʻoe a hoʻomaka paha e nalo i kou kūkulu ʻana ke hana nei ʻoe i ka moekolohe (ma mua o kou pau ʻana)? ʻO nā ʻaoʻao pane ʻē aʻe: “ʻaʻole loa,” “i kekahi manawa,” “emi ma mua o ka hapalua o ka manawa,” “ka hapa nui o ka manawa,” “mau,” a “ʻaʻole hiki iaʻu ke pane no ka mea ua hoʻohana mau wau i ka pale pale.” Kuhi ʻia kēia mau loli ʻelua ma ke ʻano he EP ma mua o ke komo ʻana (EP-Ma mua) a me EP ma ka manawa o PVI (EP-PVI). No kēlā me kēia loli, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kāne ma ke ʻano he "ʻAe" inā pane lākou i kekahi manawa a i ʻole pinepine a me "No" inā ʻaʻole lākou i pane.

IIEF-5 [17]

ʻO ka IIEF-5 heʻano pōkole o ka 15-mea IIEF, hoʻohanaʻia e like me ke kikowaena pokole e helu i ED. Ua hoʻokumuʻia kekahi helu heluʻai no kēlā me kēia mau meaʻelima a hoʻohanaʻia no ka'ānakā. Ma muli o kēia mau helu, ua hoʻonohonohoʻia nā kānaka i kaʻole ED (22-25), ED (17-21), ED (12-16) haʻahaʻa, ED (8-11) i haʻahaʻaʻia, aiʻole ED EDN (5) -7), e pili ana i nā papahana i hōʻikeʻia e Rosen a me nā hoa [17].

Nā Māla o ke Kōmike Akahi o ka Hui

Nā CAEPs

ʻElua mauʻano CAEP i heluʻia e nā mea hoʻokahi. ʻO ka mea mua, ua nīnauʻia nā kāne, "Pehea ka nui o nā lā i hala o 90 iāʻoe i nalowale aiʻole e hoʻomaka ana e haʻalele i kou kūkuluʻiaʻana ma ke kauʻana i ka condom ma mua o ka pilina pili?"ʻO nā pane'ē aʻe: "ʻaʻole," "no kekahi manawa" ka manawa, "" ka hapa nui o ka manawa, "a me" ka manawa a pau. "Ma hope, ua nīnauʻia nā kāne,"ʻEhia mau manawa ma mua o 90 i hala iāʻoe aiʻole e hoʻomaka ana e haʻalele i kou kūkuluʻiaʻana ma ke kāʻeiʻana i ka condom i loko o ka pilina pili? " : "ʻAʻole loa," "kekahi manawa," "emi iho o ka hapa o ka manawa," "ka hapa nui o ka manawa," a me "mau." Ua kapaʻia kēia mau hoʻololiʻelua e like me CAEP-Application (CAEP i ka manawa o ka condom) a me CAEP-PVI ( CAEP i ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka condom no PVI), kēlā me kēia. No kēlā me kēia hoʻololi, ua hoʻonohonohoʻia nā kāne e like me "ʻAe" inā pane lākou i kekahi manawa aʻoi pinepine paha a me ka "ʻAʻole" ināʻaʻole lākou e pane. ʻEhā mau hui i hanaʻia me kēia mau hoʻololiʻelua: No-CAEP, CAEP-Application wale nō, CAEP-PVI wale nō, a me CAEP-ʻO lāua.

Nā Palapala Hōʻike a me nā Kuleana Kūpono

Ma waho aʻe o ka pae kuleana a me ka hoʻoneʻeʻana i nā mea i hōʻike muaʻia, ua hoʻohālikelikeʻia nāʻano o nā mea kākau moʻolelo a me nā hopena kūpono o ka hopena: ka lāhui, ka herpalo / ka Latina, ka hoʻonaʻauao, ka hoʻomana, ka waiwai, ka nui o ka home, ka noho koikoi, ka moʻolelo o ka nohoʻana o STI. ua hoʻokau pinepine aku ka mea komo i ka manaʻo i kekahi, a inā paha ua aʻoʻiaʻo ia e hoʻohana i ka condom male. Nā pilikia o ka pilikia i kēia manawa (diabetes, epilepsy, depression / anxiety, ka nui o ka sclerosis, ka maʻi dystrophy muscle, ke koko kiʻekiʻe, ka naʻau puʻuwai, a me ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau) (no ka nānāʻana i ka pilikia o ka maʻi hyperactivity / disorder disability disorder [ADHD / ADD], diabetes, heart , ka puʻuwai, ka hopohopo, ka hormonal, a me nā mea'ē aʻe) a me nā mea i hanaʻia e ka mea hele ma muli o ka pilikia pili i ka moekolohe i nā mahina i hala mua o 12. Ma ka hoʻohanaʻana i kahi manawa no ka manawa o 90, ua anaʻia nāʻano o nā mea hou: inā paha i loko o ka papahana ka haumāna e hoʻololi i ka hana condom a iʻole e hoʻololi i ka moe kolohe, e hoʻohana i nāʻano hana kuʻihewa, inā pahaʻo ia e ho'āʻo ana i kāna hoa ( s), a me ka manawa i hoʻohana pinepine aiʻo ia i nā mea hoʻopikoʻi 5 (PDE-5i) i ka manawa o ka wahine ke hoʻohanaʻole i ka condom.

KaʻIkepiliʻIkepili

Ua hoʻohanaʻia nā ho'āʻoʻana i nā heluʻeleʻele e hoʻoholo i nā pilina ma waena o ka hoʻohālikelikeʻana o CAEP (No-CAEP, CAEP-Application wale nō, CAEP-PVI wale nō, a me CAEP-ʻelua) a me nā pane i nā nīnauʻelua e pili ana i nā hana i ka hoʻohanaʻoleʻana i ka condom, Nā kāʻei IIEF-5 (ʻaʻohe ED i ka hewa ED), a me nāʻano hoʻololi'ē aʻe. Ma muli o ka meaʻuʻuku i kaʻole iʻikeʻia nā frequencies ma kekahi mau pūnaewele i hōʻehaʻeha i nā manaʻo no nā kānalua kilokilo, ua hana mākou i ka 4 × 2 (ʻaʻole loa kekahi o nāʻike o EPs i loko o ka manawa hōʻike). Ma hope o kēia, ua hoʻokumuʻia nā hanana post-hoc me ka ho'āʻoʻana i nā hōʻailonaʻo 2 × 2.

Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻike o ka ʻokoʻa e hoʻohālikelike i ka IIEF-5 a me nā helu hoʻomau ʻē aʻe ma nā hui me nā hoʻāʻo a Scheffé i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana ma hope o ka hoc. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka mea nui ma P <0.05. Hana ʻia nā loiloi me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka SPSS Version 21 (nā helu helu ʻo IBM SPSS no Windows, mana 21.0; IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA).

Results

ʻO ka makahiki maʻamau, he mau makahiki 20.43 (ke kumu kikowaena = 1.63). ʻO ka hapanui iʻikeʻia he keʻokeʻo (80.1%), 6.8% like Asia, 4.7% likeʻAmelikaʻAmelika /ʻeleʻele, aʻo ke koena e like me nā hui'ē aʻe. Ua hōʻikeʻiaʻo 4.2% o nā kāne e Herpanic / Latino. ʻO ka hapanui (66.5%) hōʻike i ko lākou kūlana hoʻonaʻauao kiʻekiʻe loa e like me ke kula kulanui a me ke kula haʻahaʻa, 3.8% kiʻekiʻe kekelē, 29.4% kula kiʻekiʻe, a me 0.4% iʻole i ke kula kiʻekiʻe. Ma kahi o ka hapalua (54.7%) hōʻike i ko lākouʻano pilina pilikino he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa-waena a heʻuʻuku paha a piʻi aʻe ka 53.0% i nā ala i nā kūlanakauhale nui. Uaʻoki poepoeʻia ka hapa nui (87.3%),ʻaʻole i loaʻa i kahi STI (97.3%), a ua aʻoʻia e hoʻohana i ka condom male (63.0%). Ua hōʻikeʻia ka hō'āhewaʻoleʻia e 9.2%.

ʻO nā kānaka 479, 184 (38.4%) i hoʻohuiʻia e like me No-CAEP, 66 (13.8%) ma CEDP-Application wale nō, 75 (15.7%) ma CAEP-PVI wale nō, a me 154 (32.2%) ma CAEP-ʻO lāua. ʻAʻole iʻikeʻia kekahiʻano no ka makahiki, ka lāhui, ka Hispanic / Latina, ka hoʻonaʻauao, ka hoʻomana, ka loaʻa, ka nui o ke kūlanakauhale, ka noho koikoi, ka moʻolelo o ka nohoʻana o STI, inā paha i hōʻehaʻoleʻia kekahi mea me ka manaʻoʻole, a inā paha ua aʻoʻiaʻo ia e hoʻohana i ke kāne condom.

Hāʻawiʻia kaʻikepili mai nā kānaka a pau e hōʻike ana i kekahi CAEP (i kēlā me kēia hui CAEP) a me ka hoʻohālikelikeʻana i kēlā me kēia o nā kānaka e hōʻikeʻole ana i ka CAEP. ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻokoʻa wale nō i loaʻa no ka hōʻeha / hopohopo, me ka 12.9% o nā kāne ma ka hui CAEP e hōʻike nei i kēia e like me 4.9% o nā kānaka ma ka hui No-CAEP (χ2 = 8.14, kekelē o ke kūʻokoʻa [df] 1, P  = 0.004). Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻohe ʻokoʻa pūʻulu i ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana o ka lāʻau no ke kaumaha (3.2%) a i ʻole ka hopohopo (2.9%). ʻO ka ʻokoʻa hui wale nō i ka hoʻohana lāʻau no ADHD / ADD ka lāʻau, me 3.3% o ka hui No-CAEP a me 8.9% o kēlā me kēia hui CAEP e hōʻike nei i ka hoʻohana ʻana o kēia mau lāʻau (χ2 = 5.62, df 1, P = 0.018). Ma lalo o 1% hōʻike diabetes (0.8%), epilepsy (0.8%), mau sclerosis (0.2%), mustrular dystrophy (0.2%), naʻau maʻi (0.9%); kahi like haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i hoʻohana ʻia i ka lāʻau diabetic (0.8%), naʻau o ka puʻuwai (0.4%), a me nā lāʻau o ka hōmona (0.9%). Ua hōʻike iki aʻe ka poʻe komo i ke kahe kiʻekiʻe (2.1%), nā pilikia olakino ʻē aʻe (1.7%), a me ka mālama ʻana no nā pilikia moekolohe ma nā mahina he 12 i hala iho nei (1.5%).

Ma nā makahiki i hala aku nei 90, he hapa ka poʻe i komo i loko o nā papahana e hoʻololi i kā lākou hana condom (1.7%) a iʻole hana kolohe (1.3%) a heʻuʻuku i hoʻohana iā PDE-5i no ka pili pili wahine me (1.9%) aiʻole condoms (1.9%) . ʻAʻohe mea i makemake e loaʻa ka hoa hānau. Ma mua o ka hapalua o nā kāne i hōʻikeʻia ua hilinaʻi lākou i nā kāpena kāne male no ka hoʻouluʻana i ka hānau (54.9%) a / a i hoʻohana paha lākou i nā kāpena kāne male me kekahi mauʻano o ka hānauʻana (59.1%) ma mua o kekahi mau manawa i nā lā i hala iho nei o 90. ʻAʻole i loaʻa nāʻokoʻa o nā hui no kekahi o kēia mau hoʻololi. Loaʻa ka nui o nā kānaka ma ka hui CAEP (17.3%) ma mua o ka hui No-CAEP (9.8%) i hōʻikeʻia ua hilinaʻi lākou ma keʻano o ka mana hānau ma waho o ka condoms ma kahi mau manawa i nā manawa i hala mua o 90 lā (χ2 = 5.18, df 1, P = 0.023).

ʻO ka nui o nā manawa i hoʻohanaʻia e nā kānaka condom i ka lā 90 lā manawaʻo 10.8 (ka hoʻohālike maʻamau = 14.3) aʻaʻole nui kēiaʻano ma nāʻaoʻaoʻehā. Ua like ka nui o ka mana o ka condom a no ka hui CAEP-ʻelua (73.4%) i ka hoʻohālikeʻia me ka hui No-CAEP (82.4%) (F (3,471) = 3.44, P = 0.017), me nā hui ʻē aʻe waena a ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa kekahi i kekahi (CAEP-Noi 82.1% wale nō; CAEP-PVI 77.7% wale nō).

EPs i ka hoʻohanaʻoleʻana i nā Hōpomo

Ma kahi o hoʻokahi hapahā o ka laʻana (23.0%) hōʻike ʻia ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke pane i kēia mau nīnau no ka mea hoʻohana mau lākou i nā condom. Pākaukau 1 hōʻike i nā mākau no nā kāne i koe. Ma muli o kaʻikeʻana o nā kānaka he nui o nā EPs i ka wā i hoʻohanaʻoleʻia ai nā condom, ua hoʻohālikelikeʻia ka heluʻehā o CAEP ma nā haʻawina i heluʻiaʻo "Yes" vs. "No" no EP-Before and EP-PVI. Uaʻano likeʻole nā ​​hui CAEP ma ka EP-Prior i hoʻololiʻia (χ2 = 40.14, df 3, P  <.001). ʻO ka pākēneka o nā kāne e hōʻike nei ma kahi o ka manawa EP ma mua o ke komo ʻana i ka No-CAEP, CAEP-Noi wale nō, CAEP-PVI wale nō, a me CAEP-ʻO nā hui ʻelua, he 9.9, 35.7, 23.6, a me 43.0. I ke kālailai ʻana ma hope o ka hoc, ua hapa iki ka nui o nā kāne no ka hōʻike ʻana iā EP ma mua o ke komo ʻana ke hoʻohana ʻole i kahi condom i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā hui ʻē aʻe. Pākaukau 1 hōʻike i nā hopena o nā hoʻohālike post-hoc.

Papa 1. ʻO ka pinepine o nā pilikia kūkulu i ka hoʻohana ʻole ʻana i nā condom i hoʻohālikelike ʻia ma nā hui CAEP

Nā pilikia kūpono ke hoʻohanaʻole i ka condom

Groups

No-CAEP (n = 142)

Ka CAEP-Nonohana wale nō (n = 42)

Nā CAEP-PVI wale nō (n = 55)

CAEP-ʻelua (n = 128)

  1. *P <0.001
  2. Hōʻike nā mea kākau i nā hopena o nā hoʻohālikelike post-hoc P  <0.05 pae hoʻohālikelike. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa ka ʻokoʻa o nā hui e kaʻana like i kahi leka. ʻOkoʻa ka poʻe i kaʻana like ʻole i kahi leka.
  3. CAEP = pilikia pilikia o ka hoʻolālā; PVI = ka pilina penile-vaginal.
Mamua o ka komoʻana    
ʻAʻole (%)90.1a64.3b, c75.4b57.0 c
I kekahi manawa (%)4.928.616.430.5
Ke emi iho nei ka hapalua o ka manawa (%)3.57.15.58.6
Ka hapa nui o ka manawa (%)1.401.83.9
Nā manawa pau (%)0000
I ka manawa o ka PVI    
ʻAʻole (%)95.1a85.7b43.6 c54.6 c
I kekahi manawa (%)3.511.940.033.1
Ke emi iho nei ka hapalua o ka manawa (%)1.42.412.77.7
Ka hapa nui o ka manawa (%)001.84.6
Nā manawa pau (%)001.80

ʻOi aku ka nui o nā hui CAEP no EP-PVI (χ2 = 8 3.00, df 3, P  <.001). ʻO ka pākēneka o nā poʻe e hōʻike nei ma ka liʻiliʻi iā EP i kēlā me kēia manawa ma waena o PVI he 4.9, 14.3, 56.4, a me 45.4 no ka No-CAEP, CAEP-Noi wale nō, CAEP-PVI wale nō, a me CAEP-Nā hui ʻelua. I ke kālailai ʻana ma hope o ka hoc, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāne i ka hui No-CAEP i hōʻike i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā EP i ka wā o ka PVI ke hoʻohana ʻole ʻia i ka condom i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā hui ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka CAEP-PVI Wale a me CAEP-Loaʻa nā pākēneka kiʻekiʻena a ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa loa kekahi i kekahi. ʻO ka pākēneka o nā kāne ma ka CAEP-Noi pae wale nō i loaʻa iā EP ma ka liʻiliʻi i ka manawa o waena o ka manawa waena a he ʻokoʻa loa ia mai nā hui ʻē aʻe.

IIEF-5

ʻO kā alpha Cronbach no ka IIEF-5 no kēia laʻana he 0.76. E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia i ka Papa 2, IIEF-5 ka nui o nā helu likeʻole ma nā hui CAEP (F(3,475) = 15.40, P <.001). ʻO nā mākia maʻamau no nā hui āpau ma luna o 21 (i ka pae nonclinical) [17]. ʻO ka'ōnaehana No-CAEP ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa (23.92) (hōʻike i kaʻoihanaʻoi aku o kaʻoihana), ma mua o nā hui CAEP-PVI wale nō (22.93) a me CAEP-ʻelua mauʻaoʻao (22.12), akāʻaʻole ma ka CAEP-Application wale nō (23.20) . ʻO ka helu kaulike no ka hui CAEP-ʻeluaʻaʻole iʻoi aku kaʻokoʻa loa mai ka hui CAEP-PVI wale nō, akā uaʻano likeʻole ia mai nāʻaoʻao'ē aʻe. ʻO ka nui o ka helu CAEP-Application wale nō a me CAEP-PVI wale nō nā hui likeʻole.

Pakuhi 2. Nā helu IIEF-5 a me nā hoʻohālikelike ED e nā hui CAEP

 

No-CAEP (n = 184)

Ka CAEP-Nonohana wale nō (n = 66)

Nā CAEP-PVI wale nō (n = 75)

CAEP-ʻelua (n = 154)

  1. *P <0.001
  2. Hōʻike nā mea kākau i nā hopena o nā hoʻohālikelike post-hoc P  <0.05 pae hoʻohālikelike. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa ka ʻokoʻa o nā hui e kaʻana like i kahi leka. ʻOkoʻa ka poʻe i kaʻana like ʻole i kahi leka.
  3. CAEP = pilikia pilikia o ka hoʻolālā; ʻO ED = ka hana i hoʻonohonoho ponoʻia; IIEF-5, International Index of Erectile Makahiki; PVI = ka hui penile-vaina; SD = ke kaulike maʻamau.
Mean (SD) IIEF-5 helu*23.92 (2.24)a23.20 (2.51)a, b22.93 (2.56)b, c22.12 (2.54)c
Ka hoʻolahaʻana o ka IIEF-5 Score*    
ʻAʻohe ED (%)91.3a81.8b77.3b, c68.2 c
Keʻena ED (%)7.115.220.028.6
Hoʻololi i ED (%)0.53.01.33.2
Pākuʻi kūpono (ED) (%)1.101.30
Nui (%)0000

Ma ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā helu IIEF-5, ua hoʻonohonohoʻia nā kānaka mai ka ED a hiki i ka hewa ED me nā papahana i hōʻikeʻia e Rosen et al. [17] (ʻike i ka Papa 2). No ka mea heʻuʻuku nā kānaka i hoʻonohonohoʻia e like me ke ED me ka haʻahaʻa a iʻole ma luna, ua hui mākou me nā ED me he hui hoʻokahi. I ka hoʻohālikelikeʻana i nā hui CAEPʻehā ma luna o nā mea hoʻohālike i hoʻokaʻawaleʻia me ka ED a me kekahi ED, aia kahi hui nui (χ2 = 28.98, df 3, P <.001). ʻO ka pākēneka o nā poʻe komo i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e like me kēlā me kēia ED he 8.7, 18.2, 22.7, a me 31.8 no ka No-CAEP, CAEP-Noi wale nō, CAEP-PVI wale nō, a me CAEP-Nā hui ʻelua. Pākaukau 2 hōʻikeʻia nā huapalapala i nā hopena o nā hōʻailona post-hoc e hōʻoia ana i ka hui No-CAEP i ka nui o nā kāne me EDʻoi aʻe ma mua o nā hui'ē aʻe.

kūkākūkā

I loko o kēia hiʻohiʻona o nā'ōpio, heterosexual, condom-men men, CAEP e pili ana i ka nui o nā hiʻohiʻona i ka nui, akā i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (haʻahaʻa) o nā pilikia proctile. ʻO nā kānaka e hōʻike ana i kekahiʻano CAEP (i ka manawa a me ka manawa o ka PVI) iʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka pūʻulu No-CAEP no ka hōʻike pūʻana hoʻi i nā pilikia o ke kūkuluʻana ma mua o ka uluʻana a me ka hoʻopaʻaʻana i ka wā e hanaʻole ai i ka condom. ʻO nā kāne i hōʻike i ka CAEP i ka manawa o ka PVI wale nō a iʻole i ka manawa o ka noi a me ka PVI iʻike nuiʻia ma lalo o ka IIEF-5 ma mua o nā kāne e hōʻikeʻole ana i ka CAEP. ʻO nā hui a pau e hōʻike ana i ka CAEP he mea nui loa e hoʻohālikeʻia e like me keʻano o ED me ka haʻahaʻa i mua o ka hui No-CAEP. Eia nō naʻe, ma ka CAEP-ʻO ka huiʻelua, i loaʻa ka helu kiʻekiʻe loa o ka IIEF-5-iʻikeʻiaʻo ED,ʻo ka hapanui (68.2%) o nā kāneʻaʻole i kū i nā palena hoʻoholo no ka ED.

Aia kekahi mau wehewehe kūpono no kēia mau hopena. ʻO ka mea mua,ʻaʻole ia he mea e kahaha ai inā he mau EP nō hoʻi nā kāne me ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā condoms. ʻO ka lua,ʻoiai e'ōhumuʻia, hiki i nā kānaka keʻike mua i ka make o ke kūkuluʻana i ka wā e hoʻohana ai lākou i nā condom e hiki ke hopohopo no kaʻikeʻana i nā hoʻouka ma keʻano maʻamau a no laila eʻoi aku ka maʻalahi i ka hoʻonuiʻana i kaʻike ED. [18]. E like kēia me keʻano o nā noiʻi'ē aʻe e kuhikuhi ana i ka nui o nā manaʻo noʻonoʻo a me ka naʻau e like me ka hopohopo a me ka hihia ma ka hoʻoponopono a me ka hoʻomauʻana o ED [19].

ʻO nā kānaka i hōʻike i ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka lāʻau o ka ADHD uaʻoi aku ka nui o ka hōʻikeʻana iā CAEP. Ua hōʻike nā loiloi mua i nā huina kūlike o ka moe kolohe i waena o nā poʻe'ōpio me ADHD [20] a ke hoʻohana nei nā kānaka e hoʻohana ana i ka lāʻau ADHD i kekahi manawa i nā pilikia o ka'elepile e like me ka hopena o ka lāʻau [21].

hoʻokau

Hiki ke kaupalena kūkākūkā o kā mākou mauʻike. Ua palenaʻia kēiaʻano ma ka hoʻolālāʻana i ka'ōpio'ōpio, heterosexual, condom-use men i kēia manawa ma kahi pili lōʻihi piliʻole i ka moekino, ka mea'ōlelo Pelekania, a ua loaʻa iā ia ka pūnaewele. No laila,ʻaʻole e hiki keʻikeʻia nā hualoaʻa i nā kāne ma waho o kēia mau kumu hoʻohanohano. ʻO kā mākou kumuhana no ka haʻaleleʻana i nā kāne e pili ana i ka pilina pili i ke kāne no hoʻokahi mahina aʻoi paha, ua hōʻikeʻia ka noiʻi e hōʻike ana nā kānaka ma ka makahiki o ka makahiki 18-24 i ka hoʻokele nui haʻahaʻa me nā hoa kūikawā ma mua o nā hoa maʻamau [22]. ʻO nā kānaka ma ka hui makahiki 18-24 kekahi mea nui loa i ka STI a me ka HIV [23], me ka nui o ka nui o ka condom hoʻohana [24].

Hāʻawi ʻia i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka condom kahi ana pono, nā kāne i hoʻohana ma mua i ka condom akā hoʻopau ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana, malia paha no ka CAEP a i ʻole nā ​​pilikia ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole i hōʻike ʻia i kā mākou hāpana. ʻO kahi palena hou ʻoiai mākou e hoʻohana i kahi mea hana i hōʻoia ʻia e loiloi i ke koʻikoʻi o nā pilikia erectile, ʻaʻole mākou i loiloi i ka pilikia o kekahi kanaka e pili ana i ka pilikia; nā pae hoʻohālikelike no ka ʻike ʻana i ka maʻi erectile kāne e pono ai ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kaumaha nui e pili ana i nā ʻōuli [25]. ʻO kā mākou manaʻo ma kēia aʻoʻana,ʻaʻole ia e hōʻike i ka nui o ka nui o ka maʻi erectile, akā, e hōʻoia inā hōʻike nā kānaka i ka CAEP i ka loaʻaʻana o nā EPs i ka hoʻohanaʻoleʻana i nā condoms a inā he likeʻole nā ​​helu IIEF i nā kānaka hōʻikeʻole CAEP.

Hōʻike nā mea i hōʻikeʻia e nā kāne e hōʻike ana i ka CAEP i loko o kā mākou mau hiʻohiʻona, aneane 18-32% hālāwai i nā papa helu IIEF no ke anuanu ED (e like me ka hōʻikeʻana o CAEP ma ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka condoms wale nō, i ka manawa o PVI, aiʻole ma ka manawa o ka noi a me ka PVI). ʻOiaiʻo ka hapanui o kēia mau haumāna i hōʻuluʻuluʻia i loko o ka māhele "mālie" ED, akā, aia nō nā hopena o ka hopena o kēia mau hopena. Ua hoʻohuiʻia ka EPs i ka hoʻohanaʻana o ka condom i ka hana kūponoʻole a me ka hoʻokūʻole, [9] pili pū kekahi me ka makaʻu o ka loaʻa STI / HIV; no laila, hoʻomaikaʻi ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā ʻike o nā kāne no ka hoʻohana condom. Hiki i kēia hui kāne ke pōmaikaʻi mai kekahi ʻano o ka hana kuʻuna pōkole e hōʻemi i ko lākou mau pilikia erectile. ʻOiai ʻo ka mālama ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau no ED he "laina mua" kokoke loa ia no nā kāne me nā pilikia erectile, ua hōʻike ʻia nā noiʻi ma mua ʻaʻole e lanakila ʻo PDE-5i iā CAEP. [26]. Eia kekahi, hiki i ka PDE-5i hoʻohana i mea pilikia no ka hoʻohauna kope condom [27].

Ma ka nānāʻana i nāʻike i hiki i nā kāne me CAEP ke makemake i manawa hou e hoʻonuiʻia ai ma mua o nā kānakaʻaʻole e hōʻike i ka CAEP,ʻo Janssen a me nā hoahana [11] ua paipai ʻia e paipai ʻia nā kāne me ka CAEP e hana i ka manawa kūpono e ala aʻe a hōʻoia i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hoʻonāukiuki kūpono, ke hoʻohana ʻia nā condom. ʻO nā loiloi pailaka hou o kahi hana pilikino home-alakaʻi e hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻohana condom ma waena o nā kāne ʻōpio (e koi ana i ka komo ʻana o ka mea lapaʻau liʻiliʻi) ua hōʻike i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka hilinaʻi i ka hiki i nā kāne ke hoʻohana i nā condom, ka pono ponoʻī no ka hoʻohana condom, a me ka hōʻoluʻolu condom a me kahi hoʻemi i ka haki a me nā EP ma hope o ka hana [28,29]. Pono e pono no ka hoʻonaʻauao maikaʻi aʻe i ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka condom. Ma kahi o ka hapakolu (37%) o ka'ōpana o nā kāne condom e hoʻohana i kēia manawa pehea e hoʻohana pono ai i ka condom pono. Pono nā kauka e hoʻomaopopo i kaʻikeʻana o nā kāne e hoʻohana ana i ka condoms i ka CAEP a inā he kūpono ia, e hana i nā mea e pono ai no ke kelekema a me ka hāʻawi aku i ka hoʻonaʻauao aʻo condom. [28,29].

Panina

ʻO nā hopena i hōʻikeʻia e hiki i nā kānaka e hōʻike i ka CAEP keʻike hou i nā pilikia hou o ke kūkuluʻana. ʻOiaiʻaʻole hiki i nā EPs ke hālāwai i nā palena papahana no ED, pono eʻike nā kauka eʻike nā kānaka e hoʻohana ana i ka condoms i ka CAEP a ma kahi e pono ai, e nānā i ka hoʻonaʻauaoʻokoʻa a hāʻawi paha i ka hoʻonaʻauao aʻoaʻo.

Kōkua o ka Hulina: ʻAʻole hōʻike ka mea kākau (s) i kahi paʻi kelepona.

'Ōlelo Kākau

Kūkākūkā o 1

  • (a) Ke Kūlana a me ka HoʻolālāStephanie Sanders; ʻO Erick Janssen; ʻO Brandon Hill
  • (B) Loaʻa o kaʻikepiliStephanie Sanders; ʻO Erick Janssen; ʻO Brandon Hill
  • (c) Kaʻike a me ka weheweheʻana i nāʻikepiliStephanie Sanders; ʻO Erick Janssen

Kūkākūkā o 2

  • (a) Hoʻoponoponoʻana i ka'ŌleloStephanie Sanders; Cynthia Graham; Bill Yarber; ʻO Rick Crosby; ʻO Robin Milhausen
  • (B) Ke nānā hou iā ia no kaʻIke HeluʻikeStephanie Sanders; Cynthia Graham; Bill Yarber; ʻO Rick Crosby; ʻO Robin Milhausen; ʻO Erick Janssen; ʻO Brandon Hill

Kūkākūkā o 3

  • (a) Hōʻoia hope loa o ka Pauhana i hoʻopauʻiaStephanie Sanders; Cynthia Graham; Bill Yarber; ʻO Rick Crosby; ʻO Robin Milhausen; ʻO Erick Janssen; ʻO Brandon Hill

E hoʻomaopopo '

1 Kekaha KR, Kealakekua K, Kelepaʻu K, Keoki K, Kelepa K, Kelepa J, Kekuhi AJ, Kelemānia C, Keʻena B, Kekuhi A, Keiko C, Kelepaʻi W, Phelps A, Kelemānia AM, Pono. : Nānā i kaʻikeʻekolu o kaʻike kaiaulu a me ke ola (Natsal-3). Lancet 2013; 382: 1817-1829.