Hoʻoponopono kūkākūkā o Prause et al., 2015

Introduction

ʻĀina aʻoi aku nei: "Hoʻololi i ka hopena o ka hopena maikaʻi ma o nā kiʻi moekolohe i nā mea hoʻohana pilikia a me nā mana e kū'ē'ē ana me ka porn pangā"(Hoʻoponopono a me al., 2015)

Pākuʻi: A hiki i kēia lā, kahi mea noiʻi UCLA mua Nicole Kaukahi 'claimslelo wiwo ʻole ʻo kāna aʻo ʻana no ka EEG "hoʻopunipuni i ka hoʻohālike kiʻi i ka porn."

ʻOiaʻiʻo:ʻO nā hualoaʻa, kuhikuhi i ka habituation / desensitization i nā meaʻoi pinepine pinepine porn. No ka mea ua hōʻikeʻia kēia pepa iʻoi aku o ka pili porn e pili ana emi Komo ka lolo i vanilla porn ma ka papa keia ka pūnaewele e kākoʻo ana i ke kuhiakau e hoʻohanaʻia e ka porn pumehana i ka hoʻonā moe kolohe. ʻO keʻano maʻamau,ʻo nā mea porn pinepine pinepine e hoʻonaniʻia e nā kiʻi kiʻi ho-hum porn. (Loaʻa like kēia mauʻike Kuhn & Gallinat., 2014) Ua kūlike kēia mauʻike ke ahonui,, he hōʻailona o lama. ^ E Ha yM. Ua ho'ākāka ʻia ke ahonui e like me ka hōʻemi iki ʻana o ke kanaka i ka lāʻau a hōʻeuʻeu paha ka hopena o ka hoʻohana hou ʻana. ʻO nā pepa e ʻeio ʻeiwa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma lalo nei e ʻae like me kēia ʻO ka loiloi YBOP Hoʻoponopono a me al., 2015.

Iwakāluakūmāhiku mau noiʻi i hōʻike i nā hopena i kūlike me ka sensitization / cue-reactivity. Ma muli o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana o nā mea hoʻohana porn pinepine i nā heluhelu EEG ma mua o nā kaohi, ua koi ka mea kākau alakaʻi ʻo Nicole Prause i kāna pepa, me nā hopena anomal, "hoʻopunipuni" i ke kumu hoʻohālikelike porn. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia ua heluhelu ʻia kāna mau heluhelu ʻana ʻo EEG i ka “cue-reactivity,” ma mua o ka nohona. ʻOiai inā ua pololeiʻo Prause, uaʻikeʻoleʻo ia i ka lua o ka lua i loko o kāna'ōlelo "falsification". ʻAʻohe o kāna mau koi e pili ana Hoʻoponopono a me al. 2015 Loaʻa ka loaʻaʻana o ka hanu i nā mea hoʻohana porn pinepine, 26 kekahi ua hōʻike mai kaʻike noʻonoʻo i ka cue-reactivity a iʻole ka makemake (ʻike) i nā mea hoʻohana porn ikaika: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27. ʻAʻoleʻikeʻo Science i ka loiloiʻoleʻole o nā haʻawina a me ka hewaʻole haʻi waha'ōlelo; uaʻike ka 'epekema i ka hoʻomana o nā hōʻike.

'Ōlelo Aʻo: Ma kēia haʻawina 2018 hōʻikeʻikeʻo Gary Wilson i kaʻoiaʻiʻo ma hope o nā'ōlelo noiʻi hoʻonaʻauao a me nā alakaʻi hewaʻole o 5, a me Nicole Prause EEG mau haʻawina (Steele et al., 2013 a Hoʻoponopono a me al., 2015): Holoholo Pūnaewele:ʻOiaʻiʻo a iʻole Fiction?

He ʻumi mau kūkā loiloi ʻōnaehana ʻo Hoʻoponopono a me al., 2015. Ma nā makahiki e hiki mai ana ka nui o nā haʻawina neuroscience ua paʻi ʻia (MRI, fMRI, EEG, neuropsychological, hormonal). Hāʻawi nā mea āpau i ke kākoʻo ikaika no ke kumu hoʻohālikelike e like me kā lākou mau ʻike i aniani i nā ʻike neurological i hōʻike ʻia i loko o nā lāʻau lāʻau. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā manaʻo o ka poʻe loea maoli e pili ana i ka hoʻowalewale porn / wahine i kēia papa inoa o 25 hōʻike loiloi hou & nā manaʻo (e pili ana i keʻano hōʻailona hana). ʻO nā pepa i lalo nā mea a pau eʻaelike Hoʻoponopono a me al. ʻike nā hopena o ka habituation i ka porn pili keʻano. ʻO ka pepa #2 (e Gola) wale nō i hoʻolakoʻia Hoʻoponopono a me al., 2015. ʻO nāʻaoʻao 9'ē aʻe kekahi mau paukū māhele e nānā ana Hoʻoponopono a me al., 2015 (a pau 'studylelo aku i ka loiloi EEG maoli i loaʻa i ka habituation a i ʻole desensitization). Kuhi ʻia nā pepa ma ka lā o ka paʻi.

1) Nā Neuroscience o ka Pūnaewele'Ilikala Pōhili: He Manaʻo A Hoʻopuka (2015)

Kū'ē kū'ē Hoʻoponopono a me al., 2015 (kuhikuhi 309)

Ua hoʻopuka houʻia kekahi aʻo EEG e pili ana iʻekolu o nā mea kākau hoʻokahi [309]. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ua loaʻa kēia noi hou i nā kumuhana likeʻole e like me ka mua [303]. Eia kekahi laʻana, hoʻohanaʻia e ia kekahi wai punahele he nui,ʻo nā mea noiʻi e hoʻohana ana i nā palapala noiʻi i hōʻoiaʻoleʻia no kaʻike ponoʻole o ka pono pūnaewele ponoʻole, aʻaʻole pono i nā kumu no nā hōʻike'ē aʻe o ka hōʻino a me ke kino o ke kino.
Ma ka noi hou, Prause et al. i ka hoʻohālikelikeʻana i ka EEG hana o nā mea nānā pinepine o ka'enekala Pōhili me nā mea mana i ka nānāʻana i nā kiʻi moekolohe a me nā kiʻi kūlohelohe [309]. E like me ka mea i manaʻoʻia, ua hoʻonuiʻia ka LPP amplitude e pili ana i nā kiʻi paleʻole no nā huiʻelua,ʻoiai ua emi ka nui o ka puʻukū no nā mea IPA. Ke kali nei i ka nui nui o ka poʻe e nānā pinepine ana i ka'enekala pilahili, ua'ōlelo nā mea kākau, "ʻO kēia hiʻohiʻona eʻike likeʻole ia i nāʻano hōʻailona o ka lāʻau."
ʻOiai nāʻike nui ERP ma ka paneʻana i nā mea hōʻailona e pili ana i nā kiʻi kūlohelohe eʻikeʻia ana i loko o ke aʻoʻana i nā mea hōʻaia,ʻaʻole i manaʻoʻia ka hopena o kēia manawa, a ua kūlike me nā hopena o Kühn a me Gallinat [263],ʻo ka mea iʻike hou aku i ka piliʻana me ka liʻiliʻi o ka lolo i ka paneʻana i nā kiʻi moekolohe. Ma ka papa kūkākūkā, ua kuhikuhi nā mea kākau iā Kühn a me Gallinat a no ka hāʻawiʻana i ka nohoʻana e like me ka ho'ākāka kūpono no ka palapala LPP haʻahaʻa. Eia kekahi mau ho'ākāka hou a Kūkā a me Gallinat i hāʻawi aku ai,ʻo ia paha ka hopena ikaika i loaʻa ai i nā loli neuroplastic. ʻO keʻano,ʻo nā kiʻi pikokala kiʻekiʻe ke hoʻohanaʻia me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa hina ma kaʻokoʻa o ka striatum, kahi'ākau e pili ana i ka moe kolohe a me ka hoʻoikaikaʻana [265].
He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo i nā hopena o Prause et al. aia ma kahiʻaoʻao o ka mea a lākou i manaʻo ai [309]. Hiki i kekahi ke manaʻo i ka poʻe e nānā pinepine i ka pilahili a me nā mana e loaʻa i nā mea likeʻole e like me ka LPP i paneʻia i kaʻike liʻiliʻi i nā kiʻi pilikino inā loaʻaʻole ka hopena o nā ponokala pūnaewele. Ma kahi no kaʻike o ka Prause et al. [309] ke manaʻo nei he nui nā mea nānā i nā mea e nānā i ka'enepili pumehana pūnaewele i nā hiʻohiʻona i nā kiʻi kiʻi. Hiki i kekahi ke pili like me ka hoʻomanawanui. Ma ka honua i kēia manawa,ʻo kaʻike pūnaewele kiʻekiʻe wikiwiki, hiki i ka mea hoʻohana pinepineʻana i nā mea'onike pūnaewele pūnaewele e nānā i nā meaʻilima a me nā wikiō ma mua aʻe o ka paʻi wikiwiki. Hana nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni i nā meaʻoihanaʻoihana a me nā kumuhana likeʻole ma mua o nā kiʻi moe kolohe [310] a ke nānā nei i nā hualoaʻa pilina pili i ka liʻiliʻi a me ka hoihoiʻana i nā kiʻi pilikino [311]. ʻO nā papahanaʻo Prause et al., Aʻo Kühn a me Gallinat e alakaʻi i ka manaʻo kūpono e nānā pinepine ka poʻe nānā i nā'enepela pono i ka hoʻonanea i ka nānāʻana i nā pane e like me nāʻoihana olakino a me nā mea hoʻohana porn.
Eia hou, ka'ōlelo o Prause et al. [309] "ʻO kēia nāʻike physiological mua o nā kānaka e hōʻike nei i nā pilikia o ka rules VSS" he pilikia no ka meaʻaʻole ia e nānā i nā noiʻi i paʻiʻia ma mua [262,263]. Eia kekahi, he mea nui e hoʻomaopopo i kekahi o nā pahuhopu nui i ka heluʻana i ka pane o ka lolo i kaʻikeʻana i ka mea hōʻailona pilapaka i kaʻikepili pilapila,ʻo ia ka nānāʻana i nā hoʻokauʻana i ka wahine. I ka hoʻohālikeʻana,ʻo nā haʻawina o ka cue-reactivity e pili ana i nā kolokinia koko e hoʻohana i nā kiʻi e pili ana i ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka cocaine (laina mākū ma ke aniani), ma mua o ka loaʻaʻana o nā kumuhana i ka cocaine maoli. Ma muli o ka nānāʻana i nā kiʻi pilikino a me nā wikiō,ʻo ia ka hana hoʻonā, he pono e nānā i kaʻikeʻana o nā lolo i nā mea ponoʻole i nā mea pumehana pūnaewele i ka hoʻomohala hoʻokolohua a me ka ho'ākākaʻana i nā hopena. Eia kekahi laʻana, heʻokoʻa ke hōʻikeʻana i kaʻike hoʻokahi i nā kiʻi i hoʻohanaʻia e Prause et al. [309], Voon et al. koho 'ia i nā wikiō 9-me ka lua i loko o kā lākou hanana hoihoi i ka papahana e pili pono i nā polokalamu porn pūnaewele [262]. ʻAʻole like me kahi hōʻikeʻelua i nā kiʻi likeʻole (Prause et al. [309]),ʻo ka hoʻonāʻana i nā wikiō 9-ʻelua ka mea i hoʻonāukiuki i ka nui o ka lolo i nā mea nānā nui o ka pūnaewele pornography ma mua o kaʻike 'ana i hoʻokahi mau manawa i nā kiʻi kiʻi. ʻO ka mea pili i ka kākauʻana o nā mea kākau i ka aʻoʻo Kühn a me Gallinat, ua hoʻokuʻuʻia i ka manawa like me ka haʻawina Voon [262],ʻaʻole naʻe lākou iʻike i ka Voon et al. ke aʻoʻia ma kahi o kā lākou pepa me ka mea nui.

2) Hoʻoemi ka LPP no nā kiʻi moekolohe i nā mea hoʻohana ponokala kiʻi pilikia e kūlike me nā hiʻohiʻona kuhi. Aia nā mea āpau i ke k modelkohu: Manaʻo ma luna o Prause, Steele, Staley, Sabatinelli, & Hajcak, 2015 (2016)

ʻO Biol Psychol. 2016 May 24. piʻi: S0301-0511 (16) 30182-X. hana: 10.1016 / j.biopsycho.2016.05.003.

ʻO Gola Matuesz¹. ¹ʻO Swartz Center no ka Neuroscience Pūnaewele, Institute for Neural Computments, Ke Kulanui o Kaleponi San Diego, San Diego, USA; Ke Kulanui o ka Hua'ōlelo Hinaika, ka Poʻekekemaʻo Pokekema, Warsaw, Polani. Helu helu helu'elepona: [pale ʻia ka leka uila].

Ka Pepa piha

Hāʻawi ka ʻenehana Pūnaewele i ke kumu kūʻai kūpono a me ka inoa ʻole i ka nui o nā ʻike ponokala kiʻi (Cooper, 1998). Hōʻike ka ʻikepili hiki ke loaʻa he 67.6% o ke kāne a me 18.3% o nā wahine ʻōpio Denemaka wahine (18-30 mau makahiki) e hoʻohana i nā ponokala kiʻi i kēlā me kēia pule (Hald, 2006). Ma waena o nā haumāna o ke koleke ʻo USA 93.2% o nā keikikāne a me 62.1% o nā kaikamahine e nānā nei i nā ponokala pūnaewele ma mua o nā makahiki 18 (Sabina, Wolak, & Finkelhor, 2008). No ka hapa nui o nā mea hoʻohana, he mea nui ka nānā ʻana i nā ponokala kiʻi i ka leʻaleʻa, pīhoihoi, a me ka hoʻouluulu (Rothman, Kaczmarsky, Burke, Jansen, & Baughman, 2014) (Häggström-Nordin, Tydén, Hanson, & Larsson, 2009), akā no kekahi , ʻo ka ʻai pinepine ʻana i nā kiʻi pono ʻole ke kumu o ka ʻeha (ma kahi o 8% o nā mea hoʻohana e like me Cooper et al., 1999) a lilo i kumu no ka ʻimi ʻana i ka lāʻau (Delmonico and Carnes, 1999; Kraus, Potenza, Martino, & Grant, 2015; ʻO Gola, Lewczuk, & Skorko, 2016; ʻO Gola a me Potenza, 2016). Ma muli o ka laha nui a me nā hakakā nīnūnē e nānā ana, ʻo ka ʻai ʻana i nā kiʻi pono ʻole kekahi mea pili i ka pilikanaka, e nānā nui nei i ka pāpāho, (e laʻa me nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni kiʻekiʻe: "Hilahila" na McQueen a me "Don Jon" na Gordon-Levitt) a mai nā kālaiʻāina (eg, ke kuhina nui o UK David Cameron's 2013 haʻi ʻōlelo e pili ana i nā kiʻi pono ʻole e nā keiki), a me ka noiʻi neurosains (Steele, Staley, Fong, & Prause, 2013; Kühn and Gallinat, 2014; Voon et al., 2014). o nā nīnau e nīnau pinepine ʻia nei: inā paha he mea addicting ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ponokala kiʻi?
ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o Prause, Steele, Staley, Sabatinelli, & Hajcak, (2015) i paʻi ʻia i ka nūhou o Iune o Biology Psychology e hāʻawi nei i nā ʻikepili hoihoi i kēia kumuhana. Ua hōʻike nā kānaka noiʻi i nā kāne a me nā wahine e hōʻike nei i ka nānā ʻana i nā ponokala kiʻi pilikia (N = 55),1 hōʻike i ka hopena o ka hopena maikaʻi loa (LPP - kahi hopena e pili ana i ka hōʻikeʻana i ka mea e pili ana i ka hiʻona a me ka hilinaʻi o ka hopena) i nā kiʻi moe kolohe me ka hoʻohālikelikeʻana i nā kiʻi kuʻunaʻole, ke hoʻohālikelikeʻia me nā pane o nā mana. Hōʻike pū lākou i ka pilikia o nā mea paʻi kiʻiʻoniʻoni me ka makemake nui o ka wahine ke loaʻa ka liʻiliʻi o ka LPP no nā kiʻi moekolohe a me nā moe kolohe. Manaʻo nā mea kākau: "ʻO kēiaʻano o nā hualoaʻa e likeʻole me kekahi mau wānana i hanaʻia e nā hōʻailona hōʻailona" (p. 196) a hoʻolaha i kēia hopena ma ka inoa o ka puke: "Ka hoʻololiʻana i nā kūlana kūpono i nā kiʻi moekolohe i nā mea hoʻohana pilikia a me nā mana e kū'ēʻole ana "Hoʻomau porn" ".
Minamina, i kā lākou ʻatikala, Prause et al. (2015) ʻaʻole i wehewehe mōakāka kahi ʻano o ka hoʻāhu a lākou e hoʻāʻo nei. Nā hualoaʻa i hōʻike ʻia ke nānā ʻia e pili ana i nā ʻōkuhi paʻa loa a i ʻole hāʻawi ʻole i ka hōʻoiaʻiʻo o ke kuhiakau e hoʻohana ʻia nā ponokala kiʻi pilikia i mea hōʻalo (e like me ka hihia o ka Incentive Salience Theory; Robinson a me Berridge, 1993; Robinson, Fischer, Ahuja, Lesser, & Maniates, 2015) a kākoʻo paha i kēia kuhiakau (e like me ka Reward Deficit Syndrome; Blum et al., 1996; 1996; Blum, Badgaiyan, & Gold, 2015). Ma lalo wau e wehewehe ai i nā kikoʻī.
Kahi hoʻoponopono: Swartz Center no ka Neuroscience Pūnaewele, Institute for Neural Computments, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093-0559, USA. Helu leka uila: [pale ʻia ka leka uila]
1 Pono eʻike i nā mea e hōʻike nei i nā hopena no nā kāne a me nā wāhine e hui pū ana, akāʻo nā haʻawina hou e hōʻike nei, heʻano likeʻole nā kiʻi kuhihewa o ka huhū a me ka valence ma waena o nā kākoʻo (e nānā iā: Wierzba et al., 2015)
2 Ke kākoʻo nei kēia koho ma kaʻoiaʻiʻo o nā'ōlelo i hoʻohanaʻia ma Prause et al. (2015) e pili ana iā IST (ie Wölfling et al., 2011
No ke aha ke kumu o ke kuhihewa a me ke kuhikau kuhihewa
Ma muli o nā hoʻohana pinepine o ka hua'ōlelo "cue-reactivity" na nā mea kākau e hiki iā mākou ke koho i ka mea e kākau nei i ka Moving Intentive Salient Theory (IST) i manaʻoʻia e Robinson lāuaʻo Berridge (Berridge, 2012; Robinson et al., 2015).2 Hoʻomaopopo kēia hana papa hana ʻelua i nā ʻāpana maʻamau o ka lawena hoʻoikaika - "makemake" a me "makemake". Pili pono ka hope i ka waiwai ʻike o ka uku, ʻoiai ka mea mua e pili ana i ka waiwai i manaʻo ʻia o ka uku, ana ʻia e pili ana i kahi kuhi wānana. E pili ana i ka aʻo Pavlovian, ʻo ka makana kahi stimulus unconditioned (UCS) a me nā kuhi e pili ana i kēia makana ma o ke aʻo ʻana he stimulus cond (CS). Ua loaʻa nā CS i aʻo ʻia i ka salience hoʻonāukiuki a hoʻāla i ka "makemake", i hōʻike ʻia i ka hana hoʻoikaika kino (Mahler and Berridge, 2009; Robinson & Berridge, 2013). Pēlā lākou e loaʻa ai nā waiwai like me ka uku ponoʻī. ʻO kahi laʻana e hana maʻalahi nā quail i lawelawe ʻia me kahi mea terrycloth (CS) i hui mua ʻia me ka manawa kūpono e copulate me ka quail wahine (UCS), ʻoiai inā loaʻa kahi wahine maoli (Cetinkaya a me Domjan, 2006)
Wahi a IST, ʻike ʻia ka mea hōʻalo ma ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka "makemake" (hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia e pili ana i ka cue; ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo LPP ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe) a me ka hoʻemi ʻia ʻana o "makemake" (hoʻoliʻiliʻi ʻia ka hopena e pili ana i ka uku; ʻo ia ʻo LPP haʻahaʻa). I mea e wehewehe ai i ka ʻikepili ma loko o ka papahana IST pono e wehewehe pono nā mea noiʻi i ka "makemake" e pili ana i ka cue. Hoʻokomo nā paradigms hoʻokolohua i nā kaʻina hana ʻelua i nā kuhi ʻokoʻa a me nā makana (ie Flagel et al., 2011; Sescousse, Barbalat, Domenech, & Dreher, 2013; Gola, Miyakoshi, & Sescousse, 2015). Hana a me al. (2015) ma kahi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi paradigm hoʻokolohua maʻalahi ʻoi aku, kahi e ʻike ai nā kumuhana i nā kiʻi ʻokoʻa me ka ʻike moekolohe a me ka wahine ʻole. I loko o kahi hoʻolālā hoʻokolohua maʻalahi ʻo ka nīnau koʻikoʻi mai ka ʻike IST: Hiki i nā kiʻiʻokoʻa ke hana i nā kiko (CS) aiʻole nā uku (UCS)? A nolaila: ke hōʻike nei ka LPP i ka "makemake" a "makemake paha"?
Manaʻo nā mea kākau he kiʻi kolohe nā kiʻi moekolohe, a ma laila e unuhi ai i ka LPP i hoʻemi ʻia e like me ke ana o ka "makemake" i hōʻemi ʻia. "ʻO ka makemake" e pili ana i nā kuhi he mea kūlike ʻole ia me ke ʻano hoʻohālikelike IST. Akā hōʻike i nā noiʻi he nui ʻole nā kiʻi moe kolohe. Ke uku nei lākou iā lākou iho (Oei, Rombouts, Soeter, van Gerven, & lāua ʻelua, 2012; Stoléru, Fonteille, Cornélis, Joyal, & Moulier, 2012; loiloi ʻia i: Sescousse, Caldú, Segura, & Dreher, 2013; Stoléru et al., 2012). ʻO ka nānā ʻana i nā kiʻi moekolohe e hoʻonāukiuki i ka hana ventral striatum (reward system) (Arnowet al., 2002; Demos, Heatherton, & Kelley, 2012; Sabatinelli, Bradley, Lang, Costa, & Versace, 2007; Stark et al., 2005; Wehrum-Osinskyet al., 2014), dopamine hoʻokuʻu (Meston and McCall, 2005) a me ka hōʻike pilikino a me ke ana hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka hoʻonāukiuki wahine (loiloi: Chivers, Seto, Lalumière, Laan, & Grimbos, 2010).
ʻO nā waiwai makana o nā kiʻi moekolohe hiki ʻole ke hānau ma muli o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka moekolohe (e like me ka meaʻai) kahi uku nui. Akā inā hōʻole kekahi i kēlā ʻano kūlohelohe kūlohelohe, loaʻa nā waiwai maikaʻi o nā stimulate erotic ma muli o ke aʻo ʻana o Pavlovian. Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, nā stimulus erotic visual (e like me ka wahine kāne ʻole a i ʻole wikiō ponokala kiʻi) he cue (CS) no ka hana moekolohe e alakaʻi ana i ka hopena climax (UCS) ma muli o ka moekolohe dyadic a i ʻole ka noho kaʻawale me ka porn. Eia kekahi i ke kumu o ka ʻai pinepine ʻana i nā kiʻi pono ʻole, pili nui ka pilina wahine (CS) me ka orgasm (UCS) a loaʻa paha nā waiwai o ka uku (UCS; Mahler and Berridge, 2009; Robinson & Berridge, 2013) a laila alakaʻi i kahi kokoke ( ieseeking ponokala kiʻi) a me nā hana hoʻomāinoino (ie, mau hola o ka nānā ʻana ma mua o ka hiki ʻana i ka piko).
Nānā ʻole i ka waiwai uku kūlohelohe a aʻo ʻia paha, hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina e hoʻonāukiuki nei nā kiʻi moekolohe iā lākou iho, ʻoiai me ka hiki ʻole o ka climax. Pēlā lākou i waiwai hedonic intrinsic no nā kānaka (Prévost, Pessiglione, Météreau, Cléry-Melin, & Dreher, 2010) a me rhesus macaques (Deaner, Khera, & Platt, 2005). ke hoʻonohonoho nei, kahi i loaʻa ʻole ai kahi hopena climax (UCS kūlohelohe), e like me ke aʻo ʻana a Prause et al ((2015) ("ua kauoha ʻia nā poʻe komo i kēia noi ʻaʻole e masturbate i ka wā o ka hana", p. 197). Wahi a Berridge, pili ka pōʻaiapili hana i ka wānana o ka uku (Berridge, 2012). No laila, ʻoiai ʻaʻole loaʻa kahi leʻaleʻa ʻē aʻe ma mua o nā kiʻi moekolohe i loaʻa ma aneʻi, ʻo ka nānā ʻana i nā kiʻi ka uku hope loa (ma mua o kahi cue wale nō).
Hoʻoemiʻia ka LPP no nā hana pānaʻi ma nā pilikia pilikino e pili ana i nā mea hōʻailona
Ke lawe nei i nā mea āpau i luna a mākou i manaʻo ai i nā kiʻi moekolohe ma ka Prause et al. (2015) ke aʻo ʻana, ma kahi o ke kuhi, ua hoʻokani paha ia i nā makana. Inā pēlā, e like me ka IST framework, LPP haʻahaʻa no ka moekolohe a me nā kiʻi ʻole moekolohe i nā mea hoʻohana ponokala kiʻi pilikia a me nā kumuhana me ka makemake nui i ka moekolohe e hōʻike maoli ana i ka "makemake". Kūlike kēlā hopena me ke ʻano hoʻohālikelike i hāʻawi ʻia e Berridge a me Robinson (Berridge, 2012; Robinson et al., 2015). Eia nō naʻe, e hōʻoia piha i kahi kuhiakau kuhihewa ma waena o ka hoʻolālā IST, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā noi hoʻokolohua, koi ʻia ka wehewehe a me ka uku. ʻO kahi laʻana maikaʻi o kahi paradigm hoʻokolohua hoʻolālā maikaʻi i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o nā noiʻi ʻana e pili ana i nā mea piliwaiwai e Sescousse, Redouté, & Dreher (2010). Ua hoʻohana ʻo ia i nā hōʻailona kālā a me nā moe kolohe (stimulate symbolic) a me nā makana maopopo (lanakila kālā a i ʻole nā kiʻi moekolohe). Ma muli o ka nele o nā kikoʻī i wehewehe pono ʻia a me nā makana ma Prause et al. (2015) ke aʻo ʻana, ʻaʻole maopopo leʻa ke ʻano o nā kiʻi moekolohe a no laila loaʻa nā hopena LPP i loko o ka pae o IST. No ka hopena i hōʻike ʻia i loko o ke poʻo inoa o ke aʻo "Hoʻohuli o nā hopena maikaʻi maikaʻi e nā kiʻi moekolohe i nā mea hoʻohana pilikia a me nā kāohi i kūlike ʻole me ka" hoʻomana porn "i pili ʻole e pili ana iā IST
Inā mākou e lawe i kekahiʻano hoʻonāukiukiʻokoʻa - Reward Deficency Syndrome (RDS; Blum et al., 1996, 2015) nāʻike i loaʻa e nā mea kākau e'ōlelo maoli nei no ke kuhiʻia o ke kuhiakau i hōʻaia. Hoʻolālāʻia ka papahana RDS i ke kuhiʻana i ka hopena dopaminergic no nā hana hoʻokūkū (hōʻikeʻia i ka hāʻuleʻana o BOLD a me ka hoʻoihoʻikepiliʻia) pili i kaʻimiʻana i ka manaʻo, ka impulse a me kaʻoi aku o ka makeʻana. ʻO nā mea i kākauʻia ma lalo o nā LPP liʻiliʻi i pilikia o nā mea pono kiʻi pilikino e pili pono ana i ka hoʻolālā hana RDS. Inā Hoʻoponopono a me al. (2015) e hoʻokolohua i kekahiʻano likeʻole, kūponoʻole kaʻikeʻia ma mua o IST a iʻole RDS, he mea makemake loa ia e hoʻopuka iki i kā lākou hana.
Nā'ōlelo hope
Ke aʻoʻia e Prause et al. (2015) ke hāʻawi i nāʻikepili hoihoi e pili ana i ka pilikia o ka lawelawe pono kiʻi.3 Eia naʻe, no ka nele o ke kuhikau kuhiakau kūpono e ho'āʻoʻia ai ka hoʻolālā a me ka hoʻonanea hoʻokolohua maʻamau (hiki ke ho'ākāka i keʻano o nā kiʻi'onikala),ʻaʻole hiki ke'ōlelo inā he kū'ēʻole nā manaʻo i hōʻikeʻia, aiʻole he kuhiakau no "ʻO nā kiʻi ponokala pīpī." Ua kāheaʻia nā haʻawina kūikawā hou me nā kuhi manaʻo kūpono. ʻO ia ka inoa poʻokela o Prause et al. (2015) kikokikona mua i ka hopena ma luna o ka media mass, 4 e hoʻonui nei i ka hopena pololeiʻole o kaʻepekema. Ma muli o ka pilikino a pilikala politika o ke kumuhana no nā hopena o ka lawe ponoʻole i nā ponokala kiʻi, pono nā mea noiʻi e kikoo i nā hopena o ka hopena me kahi kūkala nui. (hoʻokūkinoʻia ka hāʻawiʻana)
3 He kūpono eʻike pono i Prause et al. (2015) hoʻohana pono nā mea pilikia i nā kiʻi pāʻanikala no ka 3.8 h / week (SD = 1.3) ua aneane like me nā mea paʻi kiʻi ponoʻole ma Kühn a me Gallinat (2014) eʻai ana ma ka mean 4.09 h / week (SD = 3.9) . Ma Voon et al. (2014) mea hoʻohana pilikia i hōʻikeʻia ka 1.75 h / wiki (SD = 3.36) a pilikia ka 13.21 h / wiki (SD = 9.85) - nāʻike i hōʻikeʻia e Voon i ka American Psychological Science conference i ka Mei 2015.
4 Nā hiʻohiʻona o nā poʻomanaʻo o nā palapalaʻepekema hoihoi e pili ana iā Prause et al. (2015): "ʻO ka Pornʻaʻole he meaʻino e like me nā mea'ē aʻe, nā'ōlelo noiʻi" (http://metro.co.uk/2015/07/04/porn-is-not-as-harmful-as-other-addictions- hoʻopiʻi noiʻi-5279530 /), "'Aʻole Pono kāu Hana Hou" (http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/06/26/your-porn-addiction-isn-t-real.html) , "ʻO Porn"'Apena "ʻAʻole Ponoʻo ia, Neuroscientists Say" (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/06/30/porn-addiction- n7696448.html)
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Wehrum-Osinsky, S., Klucken, T., Kagerer, S., Walter, B., Hermann, A., & Stark, R. (2014). I ka lua o ka nānā ʻana: kūpaʻa o nā pane neural i ka hoʻonāukiuki ʻana i ka moekolohe. Ka Nūpepa o nā Kauka Moekolohe, 11 (11), 2720-2737. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jsm.12653
Wierzba, M., Riegel, M., Pucz, A., Lesniewska, Z., Dragan, W., Gola, M.,. . . & Marchewka, A. (2015). ʻO ka subotic erotic no ka Nencki Affective Picture System (NAPS ERO): ke aʻo hoʻohālikelike i ka moe kolohe. Nā palena i loko o ka Psychology, 6, 1336.
Wölfling, K., Mörsen, CP, Duven, E., Albrecht, U., Grüsser, SM, & Flor, H. (2011). E piliwaiwai a ʻaʻole hoʻi e piliwaiwai: i ka makaʻu no ka ʻiʻini a hoʻi hou ʻana - ua aʻo ʻia ka noʻonoʻo i loko. piliwaiwai pathological. ʻO Biology Psychology, 87 (2), 275–281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2011.03.010

3) Neurobiology o ka Hoʻopilikia Puʻupuʻu Hana Hana:'Ekea'Ekepekema (2016)

COMMENTS: ʻOiai he pepa pōkole wale kēia pepa, aia kahi mauʻike nui. Eia kekahi laʻana Hoʻoponopono a me al., 2015 a Kuhn & Gallinat, 2014 hōʻike i kahiʻike like: hoʻohana pono ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka porn me ka nohona kiʻekiʻe i ka porn. Ua hōʻikeʻia nāʻokoʻaʻelua lalo ka lolo i ka paneʻana i kaʻikeʻana i nā kiʻi o vanilla porn. Ma ka helu ma hope iho nei, "Ka hopena o ka hopena maikaʻi" e pili ana i nāʻike o ka EEG o Hoʻoponopono a me al.:

"He 'okoʻa, ke aʻoʻiaʻana i nā kānaka olakino kūpono i kahi kuleana no ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka nohona me ka hoʻohana nuiʻana i nā ponokala kiʻi. I nā kānaka olakino, hoʻonui i ka manawa e nānā ana i nā kiʻi pīkino pono e hoʻopiliʻia me ka haʻawina lima hema hema i nā kiʻi ponokala (Kühn a me Gallinat, 2014). Uaʻikeʻia nā haʻawina kūpono i ka hopena i nā kiʻi pilikino i nā haumāna me nā pilikia o nā kiʻi pono. " (hoʻokūkinoʻia ka hāʻawiʻana)

Ua'ōleloʻia ka pepaʻelua Hoʻoponopono a me al., 2015 a Kuhn & Gallinat, 2014 Loaʻa ka nohona i nā poʻe hana pume pinepine pinepine.

ʻO ka'ōlelo hōʻike piha:

Hanaʻia ka halihali kolohe (CSB) ma muli o ke akeʻakeʻa, ka impulsivity, ka pilikino / kino hanaʻana, a me kaʻaeʻana o ka psychiatric. Hoʻohālikelikeʻia ka pākuʻiʻana o ka CSB ma kahi o 3-6%, me kahi mua kāne. ʻOiaiʻaʻole i komo i loko o DSM-5, hiki keʻikeʻia ka CSB ma ICD-10 e like me keʻano o ka hoʻoponoponoʻana o ka puluna. Eia naʻe, pili ke kū'ē'ē e pili ana i ka hoʻohuiʻana o CSB (e like me keʻano o ka maʻi hōʻeuʻeu,ʻo ia hoʻi kekahi maʻi o ka moekino, he mea hōʻailona, a ma ka hoʻomau o ka moe kolohe maʻamau).
Hōʻikeʻia nā hōʻike mua e hiki ke hāʻawiʻia ka dopamine i ka CSB. Ma ka maʻi maʻi Parkinson (PD), ua pili nā hoʻoponopono hoʻoponopono o dopamine (Levo-dopa, dopamine agonists) me ka CSB a me nā maʻi'ē aʻe o ka mana (Weintraub et al, 2010). ʻO kahi liʻiliʻi o nāʻano hoʻonaʻauao e hoʻohana ana i ka naltrexone e kākoʻo i kona pono ma ka hoʻoemiʻana i nā koi a me nā hana e pili ana me CSB (Raymond et al, 2010), e like me ka hana opioidergic hiki i ka hana mesolimbic dopamine i ka ho'ēmiʻana i CSB. I kēia manawa,ʻoi aku ka nui,'ākau pono, nā neurochemical investigations a me nā ho'āʻo lāʻau e pono e hoʻomaopopo hou i ka CSB.
Hoʻokumu nā papahana hoʻonāukiuki i ka hoʻouluʻana i ka wahine. Ua loaʻa i ka poʻe CSB nā kānaka heʻole ka CSB ka hoʻonuiʻiaʻana o ka wahine ma mua o ka male, ka straltum ventral, a me amygdala (Voon et al, 2014). Ma nā kākoʻo CSB, hana pūnaeweleʻoihana o kēia pūnaewele e pili ana i ka makemake i ka wahine e pili ana i ka wahine, pēlā e hoʻopuka ai me nāʻike i loko o nā meaʻawaʻawa lāʻau (Voon et al, 2014). Hōʻike hou nā kānaka CSB i ko lākou nānā ponoʻana i nāʻike ponokala, e noi ana i nā pane o ka nānāʻana i ka wā mua e like me ka hoʻoponopono (Mechelmans et al, 2014). I ka CSB me nā maʻi o CSBʻole, hoʻonuiʻia ka hōʻailonaʻana i nā kiʻi pornokala ma ka makani stralcum, ka'ōwili a me ke poʻo o ka pobitofrontal, e pili pū ana me ka makemake wahine (Politis et al, 2013). Hoʻomaopopo kahi kiʻi hoʻokoe kiʻi liʻiliʻi i nā mea likeʻole ma mua i ka CSB me nā kānakaʻole-CSB (Miner et al, 2009).
Ii kaʻokoʻa, nā haʻawina e pili ana i nā mea olakino maikaʻi e hōʻike i kahi kuleana no ka nohona me ka hoʻohana nuiʻana i nā ponokala kiʻi. I nā kānaka olakino, hoʻonui i ka manawa e nānā ana i nā kiʻi pīkino pono e hoʻopiliʻia me ka haʻawina lima hema hema i nā kiʻi ponokala (Kühn a me Gallinat, 2014). Ke emi nei ka hopena maikaʻi loa uaʻikeʻia nā kiʻi pena kiʻi i nā haumāna me nā pilikia i hoʻohanaʻia e nā kiʻi pono. ʻO kēia mau hualoaʻa, ma ka hoʻohālikeʻana,ʻaʻole i ke kūpono. Hiki ke hoʻonuiʻia ka nohoʻana i nā kiʻi e pili ana i nā wikiō wikiō i nā kānaka olakino me ka hoʻohana nuiʻole; akā,ʻo nā nīnau a CSB me kaʻoihana koʻikoʻi / kūlohelohe paha iʻoi aʻe ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka hoʻonui.
ʻOiai ua hōʻikeʻia nā papahana neuroima no kekahi mau hanana neurobiological hikiʻole o ka CSB, pono e mālamaʻia kēia mau hopena e like me ka hāʻawiʻiaʻana o nā palena kūpono (e like me nā mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, nā hoʻohālike a me nā kāne, a pēlā aku). ʻO nā wā o kēia manawa ma ka noiʻi e hoʻopili ana i ka hoʻoholo pono inā ua kūpono ke nānāʻiaʻo CSB i mea hōʻai'ē aʻaʻoleʻole. Pono e hoʻonui i ka noiʻi no ka hoʻomaopopoʻana i keʻano o nā neurobiological e pili ana i nā mea likeʻole me nā maʻi e like me nā hopena o ka hopena no CSB. Hoʻomaopopoʻana i ka CSBʻo ia he "hōʻailona hana" e loaʻa i nā hopena koʻikoʻi no nā kulekele, ka paleʻana a me nā ho'āʻoʻana; akā, i kēia manawa,ʻo ka noiʻi i loko o kona wā'ōpiopio. Hāʻawiʻia kekahi mauʻano likeʻole ma waena o CSB a me nā hōʻaia lāʻau lāʻau, hiki i nā hana kūpono no ka pākiko ke hoʻokūpaʻa i ka'ōlelo no ka CSB, no ka hāʻawiʻana i kaʻike i nā kuhikuhi noiʻi e nānā i kēia kūpono. (hoʻokūkinoʻia ka hāʻawiʻana)

Kühn S, Gallinat J (2014). ʻO ka hoʻolālāʻana a me ka pilikino pili i pili i nā kiʻi ponoʻole:ʻo ka lolo ma ka porn. XAMAX XXUMX Psychiatry: 71-827.
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MH Miner, Raymond N, Mueller BA, Lloyd M, Lim KO (2009). ʻO ka hoʻomaka muaʻana o ka nānāʻiaʻana o nāʻano palupalu a me nā neuroanatoma o ka moe kolohe. NĀ PĀ'Ā PONO HOU 174: 146-151.
ʻO Politis M, Loane C, Wu K, O'Sullivan SS, Woodhead Z, Kiferle L et al (2013). Hoʻohanaʻia keʻano kūlohelohe i nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau i loko o ka dopamine e pili ana i ka moekolohe i ka maʻi maʻi o Parkinson. Nā 136 Brain: 400-411.
ʻO Raymond NC, Grant JE,ʻO Coleman E (2010). Hoʻonuiʻia me ka naltrexone e mālama i nā moe kolohe kolohe: kahi hoʻopiʻi hihia. 22 Nānāʻo Hannah Clinic: 55-62.
Voon V, Mole TB, Banca P, Porter L, Morris L, Mitchell S et al (2014). Hoʻopiliʻia keʻano kūpono o ka hanuʻana i ka hoihoi o ka moekolohe i loko o ka poʻe me ka maleʻole a me nā moe kolohe. PloS kahi 9: e102419.
Weintraub D, Koester J, Potenza MN, Siderow o AD, Stacy M, Voon V a me (2010). Nā pilikia o ka hoʻohei i ka maʻi o Parkinson: kahi hoʻomohala kūkino o nā maʻi 3090. Nū Neurol 67: 589-595. Nā Neuropsychopharmacology Reviews (2016) 41, 385-386; hana: 10.1038 / npp.2015.300

4) Inā paha i manaʻoʻia he kolohe i ka moekoloheʻana? (2016)

COMMENTS: ʻO kēia hōʻike, e like me nā pepa'ē aʻe,'ōlelo ia Hoʻoponopono a me al., 2015 ke kūlike me Kühn & Gallinat, 2014 (Nānā 72) uaʻikeʻia uaʻoi aku ka hoʻohanaʻana o ka porn me ka liʻiliʻi o ka lolo ma ka paneʻana i nā kiʻi o vanilla porn.

Nā wehewehe e hōʻike ana Hoʻoponopono a me al., 2015 (helu 73):

I ka hoʻohālikeʻana,ʻo nā haʻawina'ē aʻe e nānā ana i nā poʻe me ka loaʻaʻole o ka CSB, ua hoʻokūkala i kahi kuleana no ka nohona. Ma nā poʻeʻaʻole i loaʻa i ka CSB, ua hoʻopiliʻia ka moʻolelo lōʻihi o ka nānāʻana i nā kiʻi ponoʻole me ka hapa hema i nā pane kiʻi kiʻiʻoniʻoni, e hōʻike ana i ka lapalapa ponoʻole [72]. Hoʻoholo like, ma kahi hanana kūpono e pili ana i nā kāne a me nā wahine me ka CSB,ʻo ka poʻe e hōʻike ana i ka pilikia pilikia o nā kiʻi ponokala i loaʻa i ka hopena o nā kiʻi ponoʻole e pili ana i ka poʻe e hōʻikeʻole ana i ka pilikia. ʻO ka hopena maikaʻi loa e hoʻonuiʻia i ka paneʻana i nā hōʻailona hōʻailona ma ka noiʻana i nā mea'ānamai (73). ʻO kēia mau hopena iʻokoʻa i, akāʻaʻole iʻae like me, ka hōʻike o ka hana hoʻonui i nā haʻawina fMRI ma nā kumuhana CSB; uaʻokoʻa kaʻokoʻa i nāʻano likeʻole, nā mea maʻamau a me ka heluna kānaka i aʻoʻia. Ua hoʻohana pinepineʻia ka hōʻikeʻana o ka CSB i nā wikiō i hoʻohālikelikeʻia me nā kiʻi paʻi pinepineʻia; ua hōʻikeʻia keʻano o ka hoʻoukaʻana i kaʻokoʻa me nā wikiō e pili ana i nā kiʻi a me ka nohona ma keʻano e pili ana i nā hanana. Eia kekahi, i loko o ia mau pilikia no ka hoʻopiʻiʻana i ka hopena o ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka hopena, ua liʻiliʻi ka helu o nā hola o ka hoʻohanaʻana (pilikia: 3.8, ke kaha kikowaena (SD) = 1.3 me ka mana: 0.6, SD = 1.5 mau hola / wiki) ke aʻo CSM fMRI (CSB: 13.21, SD = 9.85 me ka mana: 1.75, SD = 3.36 hola / wiki). Pēlā, pili ka pilina i ka hoʻohana maʻamau, me ka hoʻohana kūpono e pili ana me ka hoʻonui i ka hanu. Pono e hoʻonuiʻia nā papahana e nānā i kēia mauʻokoʻa. (hoʻokūkinoʻia ka hāʻawiʻana)

5) ʻO ka PūnaekalaʻIke Pūnaewele ke kumu e hana ai i nā mea pili kino? ʻO kahi hōʻike me nā hōʻike hōʻailona (2016)

COMMENTS: ʻO kēia hōʻike, e like me nā pepa'ē aʻe,'ōlelo ia Hoʻoponopono a me al., 2015 ke kūlike me Kühn & Gallinat, 2014 (Nānā 72) uaʻikeʻia uaʻoi aku ka hoʻohanaʻana o ka porn me ka liʻiliʻi o ka lolo ma ka paneʻana i nā kiʻi o vanilla porn.

Ke kākauʻana iā Prause et al., 2015 (citation 130):

A 2015 EEG ma o Prause et al. i te hoohalike i ka poe kipa o ka pono pornokalapu porno (ma ka 3.8 h / week) i pilikia no ko lakou ike ana i na mana (manao 0.6 h / week) i ko lakou nana ana i na kii moe kino (1.0 s exposure) [130]. Ma kahiʻike e pili ana iā Kühn a me Gallinat, uaʻike pinepine nā mea nānā i nā'enepela pilapila e hōʻikeʻole i ka hoʻouluʻana o ke kino (LPP) i nā kiʻi moekolohe ma mua o nā mana [130]. ʻO nā hopena o nā hōʻikeʻelua e kuhikuhi ana i nā mea heluhelu pinepine o ka ponokalakala Pepikolo e makemake i ka hoʻonanea nui eʻike i nā manaʻo o ka pane ke hoʻohālikelikeʻia me nāʻoihana olakino a iʻole nā mea hoʻohana ponoʻole i kaʻikepili pūnaewele.167,168]. Eia hou, ua hōʻikeʻo Kühn lāuaʻo Gallinat e hoʻohanaʻia nā kiʻi ponokala pūnaewele kiʻekiʻe e like me ka pilinaʻoihana haʻahaʻa i waena o ka striatum a me ke cortex mua. ʻO ka piliʻole o kēia māhele kaʻahele e pili ana i nā koho maʻamau kūponoʻole iʻole nā hopena kūponoʻole paha [169]. Ma muli o Kühn a me Gallinat, ua höʻike i nä haʻawina neuropsychology ka höÿike ÿana o nä haumäna me ka piÿi aÿe i ka hana kuhi i ke kelepona i ka mana o ka mana ma ke keÿike ÿana i nä mea ponokala [53,114]. (hoʻokūkinoʻia ka hāʻawiʻana)

6) "Nāʻike a me kaʻikeʻole o nā manaʻo: Ke ola nei lākou me ka pinepine o ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā kiʻi pono?" (2017)

COMMENTS: ʻO kēia hana EEG ma nā mea hoʻohana porn i hōʻikeʻia ma ka'ōlelo 3 Nicole Prause EEG. Manaʻo nā poʻe kākau i nā haʻawina a pau o 3 Prause EEG i loaʻa maoli i ka desensitization a iʻole ka hana maʻamau i nā mea hana pume pinepine (e hana pinepine me ka hōʻailona). Ma nā kākauʻana ma lalo o kēia mau helu 3 e hōʻike i kēiaʻano Nicole Prause EEG (#8 Hoʻoponopono a me al., 2015):

7 - Hana, N. ʻO Steele, VR; ʻO Staley, C. Sabatinelli, D. Late kūlana kūpono i nā kiʻi kiʻi kūlohelohe me ka helu o nā hoa moe. Pau. Cogn. E pili. ʻO Neurosc. 2015, 10, 93-100.
8 - Hoʻoponopono, N. ʻO Steele, VR; ʻO Staley, C. Sabatinelli, D .; Hajcak, G. Ka hoʻoponoponoʻana i nā pono kūpono i ka hopena ma nā kiʻi moekolohe i nā mea hoʻohana pilikia a me nā mana e kū'ēʻole ana i ka "porn addiction". ʻO Biol. Psychol. 2015, 109, 192-199.
14 - ʻO Steele, VR; ʻO Staley, C. Fong, T. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa, N. Nonohoʻoki wahine,ʻaʻole pili wahine, pili i nā pane neurophysiological i hoʻopiliʻia e nā kiʻi moe kolohe. Ua pōmaikaʻi. Neurosci. Psychol. 2013, 3, 20770

Nā wehewehe e wehewehe ana Hoʻoponopono a me al., 2015 (kuhikuhi 8):

Ua hoʻohana pinepineʻia nā potential potential related (potential) (ERPs) e like me keʻano physiological o nā hopena i nāʻike o ka naʻau, e like me [24]. Ke hoʻohana nei ka hoʻohanaʻana i nāʻike ERP i ka nānāʻana i nā hopena ERP hou e like me ka P300 [14] a LPP kūpono kūpono (LPP) [7, 8] i ka nānāʻana i nā poʻe nānā pono i nā kiʻi paʻi kiʻi. ʻO kēia mauʻaoʻao hope loa o ka paʻi ho'āʻo ERP ua hoʻoiliʻia i nā kaʻina hana e like me ka hoʻomanaʻo a me ka hoʻomanaʻoʻana (P300) [25] me ke kākoʻoʻana o ka hoʻoponoponoʻana i nā hanana kūpono (LPP) [26]. Steele et al. [14] hōʻike i nāʻokoʻa nui o ka P300 iʻikeʻia ma waena o ka nānāʻana i nā kiʻi kūlohelohe me nā kiʻi kūlohelohe i piliʻole i nā manaʻo o ka moekolohe, aʻaʻole i pili i ka moekolohe o nā haumāna. Ua manaʻo nā mea kākau i kēiaʻikeʻoleʻana no ka mea iʻikeʻia nā kiʻi iʻikeʻoleʻia i ka noʻonoʻo i ka wai o ka poʻe komo, no ka mea,ʻo nā mea a pau e nānā ana i nā puke kiʻekiʻe o nā kiʻi ponokala, a laila e kāpiliʻia ai ka papahana P300. Manaʻo nā mea kākau e'ōlelo paha e nānā paha i ka LPP ma hope e hiki ke hāʻawi i kahi mea hana pono aku, e like me ia i hōʻikeʻia i nā kaʻina hana hoʻolālā. Ke hōʻike nei kaʻikeʻana i ka hopena o ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā kiʻi ponoʻole i ka LPP uaʻikeʻia ka nui o ka LPP nui i loko o ka poʻe i hōʻike i ka makemake o ka moekolohe kiʻekiʻe a me nā pilikia e pili ana i kā lākou nānāʻana i nā kiʻi pornokala [7, 8]. ʻO kēia hopena he mea i manaʻoʻoleʻia, e like me ka nui o nā haʻawina pili i nā mea e pili ana i nā mea hōʻailona i hōʻikeʻia i ka wā i hāʻawiʻia ai kahi hana hoʻonaʻauao e pili ana i nā pūʻulu,27]. Hoʻoponopono a me al. [7, 8] ke hāʻawi i nā manaʻo e pili ana i ke kumu e hiki ai i ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā ponokala kiʻi ke hoʻoemi i nā hopena LPP ma muli o ka manaʻo e hiki ke kūpono i ka hopena o ka hopena,ʻoiaiʻo ka poʻe i komo i loko o ka papahana hōʻikeʻana i nā kiʻi pornokala iʻike nuiʻia ma ka nui o nā hola i nānāʻia i nā kiʻi ponokala .

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Ua hōʻike pinepineʻia nā haʻawina i ka hoʻoponopono o ka physiological i ka hanaʻana i nā mea hoʻopihapiha e pili ana i ka hopena o ka nohona i nā mea eʻimi pinepine i nā kiʻi paʻikala [3, 7, 8]. ʻO ka manaʻo o nā mea kākau e pili ana kēia hopena no nā hopena iʻikeʻia.

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Makemake nā mea i kēia mua aku e hoʻohana i kahiʻikepili kiʻi kūhohonu kūwaho hou no ka hoʻololi i nā moʻomeheu. Eia kekahi, hiki paha i nā poʻe porn kiʻekiʻe ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i kā lākou mau pane i ka manawa o ka hoʻonaʻauaoʻana. Ua hoʻohanaʻia kēia mau weheweheʻana e [7, 8] e wehewehe i kā lākou hopena i hōʻikeʻia kahi hoʻouluʻana o ka hoʻolālāʻana e kuhikuhiʻia e ka LPP liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi (hiki i ka hopena kūpono) i nā kiʻiʻeleʻele e nā mea e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻohana ponoʻoleʻana i nā ponokala kiʻi. Ua hōʻikeʻia ka hōʻemi LPP i ka emiʻana o ke kaʻina hana kūpono [62, 63]. No laila, hiki i kahi LPP i kāohiʻia i nā kiʻiʻeleʻele ke hōʻike no ka nele i nā hopena nui i loaʻa ma ka papahana o kēia manawa ma nā pūʻulu no ka "pilikia". (hoʻokūkinoʻia ka hāʻawiʻana)

7) ʻO nāʻano neurocognitive i loko o ka maʻi kolohe kolohe (2018)

Ka wehewehe nui Hoʻoponopono a me al., 2015 (ʻo ia hoʻi ka helu 87):

ʻO kahi haʻawina e hoʻohana ana i ka EEG, i alakaʻiʻia e Prause a me nā hoahana, ua manaʻoʻo ia kahi poʻe e hopohopo e pili ana i kā lākou kiʻi ponokala, ke hoʻohālikelikeʻia i kahi hui mālamaʻole i ka pilikino i ko lākou hoʻohanaʻana i nā kiʻi pono. [87]. ʻO nā mea lawelawe i loko o kaʻeleʻele - nā pilikia pilikia o nā kānaka e hoʻoponopono ana i kā lākou nānāʻana i nā kiʻiʻokoʻa '(M=ʻO 3.8 mau hola i kēlā me kēia wiki) -e hoʻokuʻu i kahi hana kuʻuna liʻiliʻi (e ana i ka hopena o ka hopena EEG) i kaʻikeʻana i nā kiʻi kamepiula ma mua o ka hōʻikeʻiaʻana o nā kiʻi likeʻole. Ma muli o ka ho'ākākaʻana o nā hoʻokūkū pili i ka hopena i loko o kēia haʻawina (e like me ka makana a me ka uku, no kaʻike hou aku i Gola et al. [4]), hiki i nā hopena ke hāpai i kekahi mauʻike e hōʻike ana i ka hopena o ka hopena o ka hoʻoponoponoʻana [4]. Ma 2015, Banca a me nā hoa hana iʻike i nā kānaka me ka CSB e makemake i nā mea hoʻonāukiuki a me nā hōʻike i hōʻikeʻia e pili ana i ka nohona ma ka DACC i ka manawa e hōʻike pinepineʻia ai i nā kiʻi likeʻole [88]. ʻO nā hualoaʻa o nā haʻawina i hōʻikeʻia i hōʻikeʻia nei, hiki i ka hoʻonui pinepineʻana i nā kiʻi ponokala e hoʻonui i ka uku maikaʻi, hiki i ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka nohona a me ka hoʻomanawanui, ma laila e hoʻonui ai i ka pono o ka hoʻonāukiuki nui e hoʻonā i ka wahine. Eia naʻe, ua hōʻikeʻia nā haʻawina o nā makahiki lōʻihi e nānā hou i kēia. ʻO ka hui pūʻana,ʻo ka neuroima i ka noiʻi a hiki i kēia lā, ua hoʻolako i ka kākoʻo mua no ka manaʻo e pili like ana nāʻano CSB i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ka pāʻani, a me nā hana pāʻani e pili ana i nā kamepiula a me nā hana i hoʻololiʻia, e like me kaʻikeʻana a me ka nohona. (hoʻokūkīʻia ka hoʻolakoʻana).

8) Nā Porn Porn Online:ʻO mākou iʻike a he aha kā mākou e hāʻawi aku ai -ʻo ka wikiwiki (2019)

Kūkākūkā no ka hoʻopiʻiʻana o Prause's 2 EEG haʻawina: Steele et al., 2013 & Hoʻoponopono a me al., 2015 (penei ka helu 105 ʻO Steele, hōʻoiaʻo 107 i Prause):

ʻO kaʻike o kēia hana kuʻuna e hōʻailona ana i ka makemake i kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi ma ka hana mua mua [101] a me ka amygdala [102,103],ʻo ia ka hōʻoia o keʻano. ʻO ka hoʻonāukiʻiaʻana ma kēia mau'ōpuni o ke kaiapuni e hōʻike ana i ka uku kālā [104] a ua hiki ke hana i kekahi hana like. Eia kekahi, aia ka heluhelu i ka EEG ma luna o kēia poʻe hoʻohana, a me ka makemake i hoʻohaʻahaʻaʻia no ka moe me kekahi hoa, akā,ʻaʻole no ka masturbation i ka ponokalakala [105], kekahi mea e noʻonoʻo ana i kaʻokoʻa o ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe [8]. Hiki ke nānāʻia kēia he hōʻailona o ka desensitization. Eia nō naʻe, aia i loko o nā haʻawina a Steele he mau hanana maʻamau e noʻonoʻo ai (keʻano heterogeneity, ka nele o ka nānāʻana i nā maʻi o ka naʻau a me nā mea i hōʻaloʻole, ka nele o kahi pūʻulu mālama, a me ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā palapala noi no ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka porn)106]. ʻO kahi haʻawina e Prause [107], i kēia manawa me kahi pūʻulu hoʻomalu, hoʻopili hou i kēia mauʻike. ʻO ke kuleana o ka hoʻokūkū a me ka makemake i ka uluʻana i ka hana kuhi i ka cybersex ua hoʻopiliʻia i ka wahine heterosexual [108] a me nā male kāne kāne kāne kāne male [109].

Nā mana'o: Manaʻoʻia ka'ōlelo ma luna nei e hoʻopuka hou anaʻo Prause's 2015 EEG i nā hopena o kāna noiʻo 2013 EEG (Steele et al.):ʻO nā papahanaʻelua i hōʻike i ka hōʻike o ka nohonaʻana a me ke kālepaʻana, e kūlike ana me keʻano hōʻailona (palekana). E wehewehe iaʻu.

He mea nui eʻike i kēlā Hoʻoponopono a me al., 2015 AND Steele et al., 2013 i ia mau "mea pili porn". ʻO ka pilikiaʻo ia Steele et al. ʻAʻohe pūʻulu mālama no ka hoʻohālikelikeʻanaE! No laila, Prause et al., 2015 e hoʻohālikelike i nā poʻe 2013 mai Steele et al., 2013 i kahi'āpana hoʻonohonoho pono (akā naʻe, ua like ia me nā hewa i hanaʻia ma luna aʻe nei). Nā hualoaʻa: Ua hoʻohālikelikeʻia i nā mana "nā kānaka e loaʻa ana nā pilikia e hoʻoponopono ana i kā lākou nānāʻana i ka porn" i loaʻa nā pane haʻahaʻa i kahiʻikeʻelua i nā kiʻi o vanilla porn. ʻO nā hualoaʻa PUKAHI o nā papahana'EEGʻelua o Prause:

Steele et al., 2013:ʻO nā kānaka iʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoihoiʻana i ka porn emi makemake i ka moekolohe me ka hoa, akā,ʻaʻole e emi ka makemake e masturbate.
Hoʻoponopono a me al., 2015: "Nā mea hoʻohana i ka porn" i loaʻa emi Hoʻopili ka lolo i nā kiʻi o vanilla porn. ʻO nā haʻawina'Ekelani EEG haʻahaʻa e manaʻo neiʻaʻole e hoʻolohe nui nā poʻe "porn addicted" i nā kiʻi.

Hoʻopukaʻia kahi'ōnalena kūwaho mai nā noi 2:ʻO ka "poʻe porn hoʻokō" i hoʻololiʻia a hoʻohanaʻia i ka porn van porn, aʻo ka poʻe iʻoi aku ka hoʻoponoponoʻana i ka porn i makemakeʻia e hoʻokani i ka porn ma mua o ka moeʻana me ka mea maoli. Ua hoʻomohala waleʻia lākou (he hōʻailona maʻamau o ka mea hōʻailona) a me nā hanana kūpaʻa iʻoi aku i ka waiwai maoli. ʻAʻohe alanui e wehewehe i kēia mau hopena e like me ka hoʻopunipuniʻana i ka hoʻomana porn. ʻO nā hopena e kākoʻo ana i keʻano hōʻailona.

10) Hana i nā pae kūpono o ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā ponokala a me ka hana ʻino i ka hopena ʻole i ka manaʻo kūʻiʻo i ke kāne (2020)

Nā mana'o: Hoʻowahāwahā Hana a me al Kākoʻo i kākoʻo ʻole ʻia, ua ʻae nā mea kākau i nā wehewehe like loa i ʻōlelo ʻia i loko Hoʻoponopono a me al., 2015: "E hana et al. ^ E Ha yM. ua manaʻo ʻo ia paha ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia loaʻa ʻole ma muli o nā hopena habituation, e like me ka poʻe i komo i hōʻike me ka neʻe o ka LPP waveform alno laila ua ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe ma ka nui o nā hola a lākou i nānā ai i nā mea ponokala. ”

Hoʻokomo ʻana i ka ʻōlelo kumu ¶ AL., 2015:

Hōʻea nā noiʻi noiʻi i nā ʻano neural i ka pilikia a i ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kiʻi pornographic maʻamau. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻole ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻole i ka nānā ʻana i nā mea kiʻi kiʻi maʻamau ka mea e hoʻonui ai i ka loli LPP i hoʻonui ʻia i ka wā e hōʻike ʻia ai kekahi kanaka me nā ʻike erotic visual. (E hana et al., 2015). ʻO ka hoʻonui nui LPP kahi kikoʻī o ka hana mau o ka hoʻōla ʻana o ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana i ka naʻau, a he hōʻailona ia o ke ʻano hoʻoikaika. et al., 2014). Ke hoʻohālikelike nei, e pili ana i nā hopena ERP o ka nānā ʻana i ka pilikia ma ka nānā ʻana i ka hōʻola pilikino i ke ʻano, a ua hōʻike ʻia nā mea kākau mau i ka emi ʻana o ka māhele LPP. E hana et al. ^ E Ha yM. hōʻike ʻia nā mea i hōʻike ʻia a hōʻole paha i nā kiʻi kīnā ʻole pilikia me nā kiʻi hoʻonāukiuki (me nā kiʻi paʻi kiʻi).. ʻO nā mea nāna i hōʻike i nā pilikia e hoʻopiʻi nei i kā lākou kiʻi i nā kiʻi a me nā mea i makemake nui i ka wahine ke hōʻike nei i nā haʻahaʻa LPP i lalo o ka pane ʻana i nā kiʻi moekolohe. E hana et al. ^ E Ha yM. manaʻo ʻia ua manaʻo ʻole ʻia kēia hopena. He nui nā noiʻi o nā poʻe me ka lawena hoʻohālikelike ua hana i nā hana pili naʻau. ʻO ka maʻamau, ua ʻike kēia mau noiʻi i ka nui o ka nui o ka LPP i ka wā i hōʻike ʻia me nā kiʻi o ke ʻano o ka mea i hoʻohui ʻia ke ʻano o kekahi kanaka (Minnix et al., 2013). E hana et al. ^ E Ha yM. ua manaʻo ʻo ia paha ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia loaʻa ʻole ma muli o nā hopena habituation, e like me ka poʻe i komo i hōʻike me ka neʻe o ka LPP waveform alno laila ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nui o nā hola i hala e nānā i nā mea ʻike maka.