Ke ho'ākāka 'ana i nā hōʻike' ana i nā pāʻani video a me nā hōʻailona o ke kīnā hyperactivity disorder i nā mea'ōpio (2006)

Nā Manaʻo: ʻOi aku ka pāʻani wikiō = ʻoi aku nā hōʻailona o ka ADHD

Ann Gen Kekahuna. 2006 Oct 24; 5: 16.

Chan PA, Rabinowitz T.

kahi

Ke Keʻena ʻOihana Kikowaena, Ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Rhode Island, Ke Kulanui o Brown, Providence, RI 02912, USA. [pale ʻia ka leka uila]

Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo

KEKAHI:

ʻO ka hoʻohana nui ʻana o ka Internet ua pili ia me ka nānā ʻana i ka maʻi lapaʻau deficit deficit (ADHD), akā, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia ka pilina ma waena o nā pāʻani wikiō a me nā hōʻailona ADHD i nā ʻōpiopio.

KANAKA:

Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi hōʻike o nā ʻōpio a me nā mākua (n = 72 ʻōpio, nā mākua 72) e loiloi ana i ka hana ʻo kēlā me kēia lā i hoʻolilo ʻia i ka Internet, ke kaiāulu, nā pāʻani wikiō ʻoliʻoli, a Internet nā pāʻani wikiō, a me kā lākou hui pū ʻana me ka hana ʻana a me ka hana kaiaulu. He haumana kula kiʻekiʻe nā kumuhana i ka papa ʻeiwa a me ka ʻumi. Ua mālama ʻia nā haumāna i kahi ʻōpio i hoʻoponopono ʻia Internet lama Scale (YIAS) a nīnau i nā nīnau e pili ana i ka hoʻoikaika kino, nā papa, nā hana, a me nā paʻa kula. Ua noi ʻia nā mākua e hoʻopiha i ka Scale Rating Parent Conner '(CPRS) a pane i nā nīnau e pili ana i nā kūlana olakino / psychiatric i kā lākou keiki.

Nā hopena:

Aia kahi hui nui ma waena o ka manawa e pāʻani ai i nā pāʻani ma mua o hoʻokahi hola o ka lā a me YIAS (p <0.001), ka awelika o ka helu kiko (p <or = 0.019), a me nā "Inattention" a me "ADHD" ʻāpana o ka CPRS (p <or = 0.001 a me <<= = 0.020). ʻAʻohe hui nui i ʻike ʻia ma waena o ka papa kuhikuhi lehulehu (BMI), hoʻoikaika kino, ka nui o nā paʻa, a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana "Oppositional" a me "Hyperactivity" o CPRS a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pāʻani wikiō.

Ka Hopena:

ʻO nā'ōpiopio e pāʻani nei ma kahi o hoʻokahi hola o ka console a i Internet nā pāʻani wikiō paha i loaʻa nā hōʻailona hou aʻe a i ʻole e pili ana i ka ADHD a i ʻole ka mālama ʻana ma mua o ka poʻe ʻaʻole. Ma muli o nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole e loaʻa paha kēia mau kūlana i ka hana maʻa, ʻo nā hopena i hoʻohui ʻia o ka manawa i hoʻolilo ʻia i nā pāʻani wikiō e kau paha i kēia mau kānaka i ka piʻi nui o nā pilikia ma ke kula.

kāʻei kua

ʻO ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kelepona ma ka ʻumikūmāiwa ʻumikūmāiwa ua hoʻomaka i ka manawa o ka kamaʻilio a me ka hoʻomohala kanaka. ʻO nā holomua ma mua o ka ʻenehana i hana ʻia i ke kelepona ʻana, kelepona a me ka ʻāhā. ʻO kēia manawa, ua lilo ka Pūnaewele i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻololi i loko o ke ao honua a hoʻoikaika i nā ʻano like ʻole o ke kamaʻilio. Ua hāpai kēlā me kēia hanauna i nā hopohopo e pili ana i ka hopena maikaʻi o nā uila e pili ana i nā pono o ka nohona a me ka pili pono. Hoʻonohonoho ka Pūnaewele i nā ʻōpio no nā kumu he nui a ua lilo i pilina pili ʻana no ka lehulehu me nā mea hoʻohana, ka leka uila, ka pāʻani, ka hoʻonaʻauao, nā mele.

Hōʻike ʻia ka Pūnaewele a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe he hopena koʻikoʻi olakino a me ka noʻonoʻo i ka ʻōpio. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka hui ma waena o ka nānā ʻana i ke kīwī a me ke koʻikoʻi, nā pilikia nānā, ka hana o ke kula, a me ka hana ʻino.1-6]. Pēlā nō hoʻi, ua hōʻike nā noiʻi hou e pili ana i ka hoʻohana pūnaewele puni ʻole i kapa ʻia ʻo "Internet Addiction" i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ke olakino olakino.7,8]. Ua hōʻike pū ʻia kahi pilina koʻikoʻi ma waena o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka Pūnaewele a me ka nānā ʻana i ka hemahema hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) i nā keiki kula haʻahaʻa.9]. Ua hōʻike kekahi mau noiʻi i nā mea like ma waena o ka pāʻani wikiō pāʻani wikiō a me ka palaka pathological a i ʻole ke hilinaʻi mea waiwai [10-12].

ʻAʻole maikaʻi ka hopena o nā pāʻani wikiō i ka poʻe ʻōpio ʻoiai me kahi ulu ulu o nā hōʻike e hōʻike nei i ko lākou ʻano addictive a kaulana [13-15]. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pāʻani wikiō ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano televise i nā keiki.16]. I nā wā'ōpiopio ma mua, ua pili ʻia ka momona i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka manawa i nā pāʻani wikiō, akā ua hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia nā haʻawina ʻē aʻe i kēia ʻike i ka lehulehu.17-19]. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā haʻawina o ke olakino noʻonoʻo a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pāpā ʻana i kūkākūkā kūikawā i nā pāʻani wikiō, akā ua waiho pū ʻia iā lākou ma kahi ʻie a me ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka pūnaewele. ʻO kahi māhele i hoʻopaʻa ʻia nui ʻia ka ʻike o nā pāʻani wikiō a me ko lākou pilina e pili ana i ka hana hoʻonāukiuki ma hope o nā keiki.14,20-22]. ʻO nā nū ʻikepili i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā hui ma waena o nā pāʻani wikiō a me nā ʻano like ʻole e like me ka epilepsy, nā musculoskeletal disorders, a me ka hohonu o ka thrombosis kūʻokoʻa, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i hoʻokū ʻia ka ikaika o kēia mau pilina.23-27].

ʻOiai ke nānā maikaʻi ʻole nei, ua hōʻike kekahi mau noiʻi i nā hopena kūpono o nā pāʻani wikiō e hoʻomohala nei. ʻO kekahi noiʻi e Li et al. ua loaʻa ka pilina kūpono ma waena o ka hoʻomohala ʻana me ka hoʻomohala kognitive i nā keiki kamaliʻi preschool.28]. Ua hōʻike kekahi mau haʻawina ʻē aʻe ma mua o ka ʻike pāʻani kamepiula ʻenehana i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana o ka simulator laparoscopic simulator i nā kauka.29]. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka pāʻani wikiō e hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e pili i ka aʻo i ke aʻo ʻana a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole, e pili ana i ka hoʻonaʻauao olakino [30,31].

ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa ka huaʻōlelo "pāʻani wikiō" ma waena o console a me nā pāʻani wikiō pūnaewele / kamepiula akā hōʻike i kahi clustering leʻaleʻa. ʻO nā pāʻani wikiō ʻoluʻolu pū me Nintendo, Sony Playstation, Microsoft Xbox, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Nānā nā pāʻani wikiō pūnaewele i nā pāʻani kamepiula i pāʻani ʻia ma ka pūnaewele i kahi hoʻonohonoho kaiāulu me nā mea pāʻani ʻē aʻe. ʻOiai kūlike i ke kūlohelohe, aia kekahi mau ʻano ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi. Hiki ke pāʻani i nā pāʻani Console me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe, akā ʻo ka hapa nui o nā pāʻani he "mea pāʻani hoʻokahi" a makemake ʻia e pāʻani wale. Akā, ua hoʻolālā ʻia nā pāʻani pūnaewele no ka hoʻohana "multi-player" a pāʻani pū ʻia me nā mea ʻē aʻe ma ka pūnaewele, maʻamau i nā pūnaewele mamao. ʻOi aku ka pipiʻi o nā pāʻani Console ma mua o nā pāʻani Pūnaewele, a ʻaʻole koi i kahi kamepiula. ʻOkoʻa ka ʻano o nā pāʻani wikiō i pāʻani ʻia ma ka Pūnaewele me nā pāʻani console. ʻO nā papahana pāʻani hōʻoluʻolu e pili ana i nā haʻuki, ka hana, ka hoʻolālā, ka ʻohana, ka puzzle, nā pāʻani pāʻani, a me ka simulate, ʻoiai nā papahana pāʻani wikiō i hoʻolālā ʻia no ka hoʻohana pūnaewele ʻoi aku ka kikoʻī a ʻo ka hana nui a me ka hoʻolālā. ʻO ka mākeke pāʻani wikiō, me ka nānā ʻole i ka ʻano, kahi ʻoihana miliona-biliona kālā e kuhikuhi pinepine i nā keiki a me nā ʻōpio.

ʻAʻole maopopo ka pilina pili ma waena o nā pāʻani wikiō a me ADHD. Ke kū nei ka ulu ʻana o ADHD a he pilikia koʻikoʻi loa i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, kālā, a me nā kumuwaiwai hoʻonaʻauao [32,33]. ʻO ka ADHD kahi maʻi maʻi paʻakikī e koi pinepine ana i ke komo ʻana mai ke keiki i pili i ke keiki a i ʻole ka ʻōpio, nā kumu, nā mākua, a me nā kauka i mea e hōʻike pololei ʻia ai ka mālama ʻia ʻana.34]. ʻO ka pālākiō helu makua makua kāne (CPRS) [35] ʻo ia ka mea hana e hoʻohana nui ʻia e kōkua i ke kūloko ʻana o nā keiki me ADHD. ʻO ka CRS ka ninaninau makua a me ke kumu aʻoaʻo, a komo pū me kekahi mau mea e komo pū ana me ke kue kū'ē, ka hyperactivity, ka mālama ʻana, a me ADHD.

Ua nānā kēia noiʻi i ka pilina ma waena o ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka pāʻani wikiō a me nā hōʻailona o ADHD. ʻO nā ʻōkuhi ʻē aʻe i aʻo ʻia i ka hui ʻana o ka pakanā kino (BMI), nā māka kula, ka hana, ka detentions, a me ke kūlana ʻohana.

E hele:

hana

Hoʻolālā a me nā kaʻina hana

Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻae IRB, ua lawe ʻia nā kumuhana mai kahi kula kiʻekiʻe ma Vermont. Ua loaʻa ka ʻae mai nā luna kula a ua hana ʻia me ke alakaʻi alakaʻi a me nā kumu kula. Ua lawe ʻia nā noiʻi i 9 a pauth a me 10th haumāna haumāna ma ke kula (n = 221). Hoʻokomo ʻia ka survey i nā ʻāpana no nā haumāna (ʻelima mau ʻaoʻao) a me nā mākua (ʻelua mau ʻaoʻao) e hoʻopiha kū hoʻokahi, a me kahi palapala i ʻae ʻia e pono ai e kau inoa ʻia e ka haumāna a me ka makua no ke komo ʻana i ke aʻo. Kahi na huina o ka ʻikepili āpau. Ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā loiloi (n = 162) ma o ke Keʻena alakaʻi Kula. He ʻumikumamāwalu mau noiʻi ua kāpae ʻia ma muli o nā pane piha ʻana. ʻO ka loko wai kumuhana hope loa 144; 72 kēlā me kēia mai nā mākua a me nā haumāna. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka mana helu kumu no ka 10% prevalence o nā maʻi psychiatric i ka poʻe ʻōpio a ʻōpiopio a kāhea ʻia no nā haumāna 200 no kahi mana o 0.80. Eia nō naʻe, ua loaʻa nā hopena koʻikoʻi statistical ma hope o ka nānā ʻana i nā nīnau nīnau 144 a alakaʻi iā mākou e hopena e hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia ka noiʻi ma ia manawa.

Pākuhi

Loiloi ʻia ka manawa ma ke pāʻani ʻana i nā pāʻani wikiō, ke nānā ʻana i ke kīwī, a i ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka Pūnaewele me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pālākiō manawa ma lalo o hoʻokahi hola, hoʻokahi a ʻelua mau hola, ʻekolu a ʻehā mau hola, a ʻoi aku paha ma mua o ʻehā mau hola. ʻO nā mea noiʻi haumāna e pili pū ana me ka ʻĀina Hoʻohui Pūnaewele o Young, i hoʻololi ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pāʻani wikiō (YIAS-VG; kūlike kūloko, alpha = 0.82) [36]. Hana ʻia kēia pākuʻina i nā haʻawina mua no nā hiʻohiʻona addictive pūnaewele [13,36]. Hōʻike nā nīnau i ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole o nā pāʻani wikiō ma ka hana kaiaulu a me nā pilina me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pāʻani wikiō nui, mālama ʻole i ka hana a me ke ola kaiaulu, ke kakali, ka ʻole o ka kaohi, a me ka salience. Ua ana ʻia nā mākua ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka Palapala Helu Makua Conners '(CPRS; kūlike kūloko, r = 0.57) [35]. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ka CPRS i nā ʻano i ʻehā mau māhele: kū'ē, hyperactivity, inattention, a me ADHD. Nā waiwai ʻē aʻe i komo i ka wahine, ke kūlana ʻohana, ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa i kēlā me kēia pule, nā paʻahao i ka mahina i hala aku nei, ka hana, a me ka hana hoʻokūkū. Ua wehewehe ʻia ke kūlana ʻohana ma ke ola ʻana me nā mākua a i ʻole ka noho me kekahi makua kāne i male ʻia a haʻalele ʻia paha. ʻIke ʻia ka hana hoʻonaʻauao ma o ka pae helu haʻahaʻa holoʻokoʻa a me ka helu hope i loaʻa ma ke kula matematika a me nā papa ʻōlelo Pelekane e hāʻawi ʻia ana kēia mau wahi ʻelua i mea hoʻokūkū koʻikoʻi ma kekahi papa kula kiʻekiʻe.

ʻIkeʻikepili

Ua kālailai ʻia nā loli hilinaʻi ʻia i ka helu helu (BMI, nā māka, YIAS-VG, CPRS) me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hoʻāʻo t a ka haumāna a me ka hōʻike ʻo Mann-Whitney. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka hana hope ma nā waiwai waena a ʻo ia ka hana i makemake ʻia ke hoʻāʻo ʻana i nā ana liʻiliʻi. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka ʻikepili ma ke ʻano he "ʻae / ʻaʻole" (ka moekolohe, ka hana, nā paʻa paʻa, ka hoʻoikaika kino, a me ke kūlana ʻohana) me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka chi square square. Ua manaʻo nui ʻia nā hopena inā p ≤ 0.05. ʻO ka manawa i pāʻani i nā pāʻani wikiō, e nānā ana i ke kīwī, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pūnaewele ka loli kūʻokoʻa. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā wā i hoʻolilo ʻia no nā haumāna i hoʻolilo i lalo o hoʻokahi hola a ʻoi aku paha ma mua o hoʻokahi hola ma kekahi hana. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻoki hoʻokahi hola no ka mea ua hāʻawi ia i ka hāʻawi like ʻana o ka nui o nā laʻana ma waena o nā hui ʻelua ʻoiai ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā manawa manawa ʻē aʻe.

E hele:

Results

Ua hui ʻia ka haumāna aʻo 72. ʻO nā kāne 31 a ʻo 41 wahine i ka makahiki ʻeiwa a ʻumi. ʻO ka makahiki awelika ʻo 15.3 ± 0.7 mau makahiki. Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻatikala kumuhana i ka Papa Table1.1. ^ E Ha yM. Kokokeʻo 32% o nā haumāna a hana ʻo 89% i nā mākua i male ʻia. He ʻumi nā haumāna he liʻiliʻi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka mahina hope loa a ua komo ʻelua mau haumāna i kahi hakakā kino i ka makahiki i hala. ʻEhā mau haumāna i inu i ka waiʻona a ua hōʻike kahi haumāna hoʻokahi i ka ulaula. Ua hōʻike aku ʻelua haumāna i kahi helu maʻi o ADHD a ʻehā i hōʻike ʻia e pili ana i ke kaumaha a / a i ʻole ka hopohopo.

1 Pūnaewele

Nā Manaʻo Kumuhana

ʻO ka manaʻo BMI no ka poʻe ʻōpio nāna i nānā ma mua o hoʻokahi hola o ka televise i kēlā me kēia lā ʻo 20.28 ± 2.33 a me 22.11 ± 4.01 no ka poʻe e nānā ana ma mua o hoʻokahi hola o nā kīwī (p = 0.017, Papa Table2).2). Aia he lina e pili ana i kahi BMI kiʻekiʻe loa no nā wā'ōpiopio i hala ma mua o hoʻokahi hola e pāʻani ana i nā pāʻani wikiō, akā ʻaʻole mau koʻikoʻi kēia mau hopena. ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia kekahi hui ma waena o BMI a me ka manawa i pau ma ka Pūnaewele.

2 Pūnaewele

Kino Mass Index

ʻO nā haumāna i pāʻani i nā pāʻani wikiō ma mua o hoʻokahi hola a hoʻonui i ka nui o nā helu ma ka YIAS-VG (p <0.001 no nā pāʻani wikiō a me nā wikiō Pūnaewele, Papa. Table3).3). Ua pili nā hana ʻē aʻe i ke ʻano o ka YIAS-VG i hoʻonui ʻia, akā ʻaʻole nui.

3 Pūnaewele

Nā Hoʻohui Mana

Loaʻa nā hoʻonui nui i ka hikiwawe (p ≤ 0.001 no ka pāʻani pūnaewele a me ka ʻolua wikiō) a me ADHD (p = 0.018 a me 0.020 no ka ʻoliʻoli a me ka pāʻani o ka Pūnaewele, ʻo kēlā me kēia) ka hana i ka poʻe i pāʻani i nā pāʻani wikiō ma mua aʻe o hoʻokahi hola (Pepa. (Table3).3). ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia kekahi ahahui nui ma waena o ka hyperactivity a i ʻole e kūʻē i nā mea kūlike o ka CPRS a me ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka pāʻani wikiō. ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi ma kekahi o nā māhele ʻehā a me ke hoʻohana pūnaewele a me ka televise.

Aia ke kahe e pili ana i nā helu haʻahaʻa i nā haumāna e kipa ana i ka Pūnaewele a pāʻani i nā pāʻani wikiō ma mua o hoʻokahi hola. (Table4).4).). Eia nō naʻe, ʻike ʻia nā helu haʻahaʻa ma waena o nā haumāna e pāʻani nei i nā pāʻani wikiō ma mua o hoʻokahi hola a ma ka pae pae helu pae holoʻokoʻa (GPA, p = 0.019 a me 0.009 no ka ʻoliʻoli a me ka pāʻani o Internet, ma kēlā).

4 Pūnaewele

Hana ʻĀina

Ua ʻoi aku paha ka nui o nā kāne ma mua o ka wahine e noho ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi hola i ka lā e pāʻani ana i ka console a me nā pāʻani wikiō pūnaewele (p <0.001 a me p = 0.003, i kēlā me kēia). Ua hōʻike nā kāne he iwakālua i ka pāʻani ʻana i nā pāʻani wikiō ma mua o hoʻokahi hola o ka lā a hoʻokahi wahine ʻōpio i hōʻike i ka pāʻani ʻana i nā pāʻani wikiō ma mua o hoʻokahi hola. ʻAʻohe pilina koʻikoʻi ma waena o ke kāne a me ka manawa e nānā ai i ke kīwī a i ʻole ma ka Pūnaewele. ʻAʻole i loaʻa iā mākou kahi hui koʻikoʻi ma waena o ka manawa i hoʻolilo ʻia i nā palapala pāpāho a me nā haumāna i hana, ua male i nā mākua, loaʻa i nā paʻa hou aku i kēlā me kēia mahina, a i hoʻohana pinepine paha.

E hele:

kūkākūkā

ʻO ka ADHD ma waena o nā keiki a me nā wā'ōpiopio, ua pili ʻia i ka genetic a me nā kūlana kūloko.37]. ʻO nā manaʻo pilikino, ua hōʻike ʻia ka nui o ka hoʻohana pūnaewele wale nō i pili me ADHD. ʻO ke kāohi ʻana o ADHD e hilinaʻi nei i nā input mai nā kumu, nā mākua, a me nā kauka. Ua loaʻa kēia noiʻi i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka ADHD a me nā hōʻailona inattention i loko o nā ʻōpio'ōpiopio e pāʻani nei i nā pāʻani wikiō ma mua o hoʻokahi hola i hoʻokahi lā.

Ua hōʻike ʻia ka prevalence o ADHD i ka wā ʻōpiopio o 4-7% [37,38]. Ua loaʻa kēia noiʻi ka hōʻoi o 8.3% e pili ana i ka maʻi i hōʻike ʻia e kahi makua. ʻAʻole hiki ke koho e koho i ka ʻike maoli ʻana i ka ADHD i hoʻokumu wale ʻia ma nā helu kumu o ka CRPS. Loaʻa nā hōʻailona he nui a paʻakikī paha i ka hoʻāliʻi a me ke ʻano ADHD i nā haumāna i pāʻani i nā pāʻani wikiō ma mua o hoʻokahi hola, akā, ʻoi aku ka noiʻi hou aʻe i maopopo ka ʻike ʻana i ka pilina ma waena o nā pāʻani wikiō a me ADHD. ʻAʻole maopopo e pili ana paha ke pāʻani nei i nā pāʻani wikiō i hoʻokahi mau hola e alakaʻi i ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā hōʻailona ADHD, a i ʻole nā ​​ʻōpiopio me nā hōʻailona ADHD e hoʻonui i ka manawa ma nā pāʻani wikiō.

ʻAʻole loaʻa kēia loiloi i kahi hui ʻana ma waena o nā pāʻani wikiō e hoʻohana ana a me ke ʻano kūʻē a kūʻē i kona ʻano. ^ E Ha yM. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā noiʻi mua i ka hopena maikaʻi ma waena o ka uʻi ʻana i nā pāʻani wikiō a me ka hana ʻino.4,14,20,21]. Hiki ke kūpono i nā wikiō wikiō i ke ʻano o kēia ʻano ʻano i nā pūʻulu o nā hanana i ʻole ka hoʻohālikelike a i ʻole me nā ʻano hana hoʻomānoino ʻē aʻe ma ka pāpā. ʻAʻole i hoʻolālā ʻia ka mana o kēia noiʻi e ʻike i nā ʻokoʻa like, no laila ʻaʻole hiki i nā ʻikepili ke hana ʻia.

Ua hōʻike ʻia ka hopena o ka nānā ʻana ma ke ʻano televise ma BMI i kekahi mau haʻawina.1,2,5,6]. ʻIke mākou i kahi hui nui ma waena o ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o BMI a me ka nānā ʻana i ka televise no hoʻokahi o hoʻokahi hola. ʻO ka pāʻani ʻana i nā pāʻani wikiō ma mua o hoʻokahi hola i ʻole i pili pū kekahi me ka hoʻonui ʻana BMI. Ua ʻike ʻia nā haʻawina mua i kahi pilina koʻikoʻi ma waena o BMI a me nā pāʻani wikiō i nā ʻōpio ʻōpio.18,19]. ʻIke ʻia kā mākou mau ʻike i kēia ʻoihana e hoʻomau i ka wā ʻōpio.

ʻAʻole i pili ʻia ka manawa ma ka Pūnaewele me ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o BMI; Loaʻa kahi hiʻohiʻona i ka hoʻemi ʻana o BMI i nā wā ʻōpio e hoʻohana nei i ka Pūnaewele ma mua o hoʻokahi hola. Hōʻike ʻia kā mākou mau ʻike i nā ʻōlelo hōʻike o kēia e palena i nā manawa hulina a me nā pāʻani wikiō o nā keiki e pono e hahai ʻia.6].

Ua pili nā pāʻani wikiō ʻelua a me nā pāʻani wikiō pūnaewele me ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā helu ʻai maʻa i ana ʻia e YIAS-VG. Loiloi ka YIAS-VG i ke kēkelē a nā pāʻani wikiō e hopena maikaʻi ʻole ai i nā ʻano nohona like ʻole e like me nā hana o kēlā me kēia lā, nā pilina, ka hiamoe, a me nā manaʻo o kēlā me kēia lā. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā helu YIAS-VG e hōʻike nei i ka pāʻani maikaʻi ʻana i nā pāʻani wikiō ma mua o hoʻokahi hola i ka lā i nā pilina a me nā hana o kēlā me kēia lā. ʻAʻole mākou i wehewehe i kahi ʻoki ma ka YIAS-VG e hoʻomaopopo i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pāʻani wikiō "nui" akā ʻaʻole i lawa nā helu ma kā mākou pūʻulu e noʻonoʻo ʻia ma ke ʻano he hōʻike o "Ka Pūnaewele Pūnaewele" [13,36].

Ua haʻahaʻa ʻo GPA i ka poʻe i pāʻani i nā pāʻani wikiō ma mua o hoʻokahi hola. ʻOiai ʻo kēia koleke haʻawina he GPA kūlana kiʻekiʻe loa, ʻo ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o kahi "A" (ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi hola o nā pāʻani wikiō) me kahi "B" (ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi hola o nā pāʻani wikiō) kahi hoʻololi nui i ka papa. No nā haumāna i ʻoi ʻole ka mākaukau o ka ʻike, he mea nui paha kēia. Aia kekahi ʻano e pili ana i ka GPA haʻahaʻa i nā haumāna e nānā kīwī ana ma mua o hoʻokahi hola. Ua hōʻike ʻia ke kīwī nui e pili pū ana me ka hana maikaʻi ʻole o ke kula [6].

Ua ʻike ʻia kēia hoʻokolokolo ʻana i ka pāʻani ʻana i nā pāʻani wikiō a me nā pāʻani wikiō pūnaewele ma mua o hoʻokahi hola o ka lā he hopena maikaʻi ʻole ka pili kaiapili a me ka hopena i ka poʻe ʻōpio. ʻAʻole pili kēia hui i ka "addict" i nā pāʻani wikiō a i ʻole ke pāʻani ʻana no nā wā nui. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻohe ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka pāʻani ʻana i nā pāʻani wikiō ma ka Pūnaewele a i ʻole ka pūnaewele console. ʻO ke ʻano nui o nā pāʻani wikiō ka mea e hilinaʻi ai i kēia manawa ma waena o nā pāʻani wikiō a me nā ʻano hana, me ka nānā ʻole inā ma o ka Pūnaewele a ma kahi ʻōnaehana hōʻoluʻolu.

Nui nā palena o ke aʻo ʻana. Hoʻohālikelike kēia ʻāpana hoʻāʻo i nā wikiō a me ADHD no ka pili ʻana i nā pilina kumu-hopena. No laila, hiki ʻole ke haʻi e pili ana ka pāʻani ʻana i nā pāʻani wikiō i ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā hōʻailona ADHD, a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻōpio me nā hōʻailona ADHD nui e hoʻolōʻihi i nā manawa e pāʻani ana i nā pāʻani wikiō. Pono nā noiʻi haʻawina e nānā pono i kēia pilina. ʻO ke kumuhana cohort he ʻelele hoʻi o nā pūʻulu āpau. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā haumāna i pane i ka loiloi he Caucasian, ʻaʻole i hui pū me ka lāʻau a me ka waiʻona, ua male nā ​​mākua, a ua hana maikaʻi i ke kula. No laila, ʻo ka pilina ma waena o nā pāʻani wikiō a me ADHD i loko o nā pahu e hiki ʻole ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia. Ua hoʻolālā ʻia kēia haʻawina e nānā i nā ʻōpio i ʻoi aku i ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi hola o ka manawa e pāʻani nei i nā pāʻani wikiō. He mea maikaʻi loa ia e nānā i ka cohort hope loa i ka nānā ʻana inā he pilina loulou ma waena o ka manawa e pāʻani nei i nā pāʻani wikiō a me nā hōʻailona ADHD a i ʻole ka hana a nā makahiki ʻē aʻe a i ʻole kekahi pilina ʻē aʻe ma waena o ka poʻe i hoʻolōʻihi i ka manawa ma kēia mau hana.

E hele:

Panina

I ko mākou ʻike, ʻo ia ka noiʻi mua e loaʻa ka pilina ma waena o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pāʻani wikiō a me ka hōʻailona ADHD i nā ʻōpio. ʻO ka loiloi ʻana o nā mea koʻikoʻi ADHD e pili pinepine i ka ʻike ʻana i ka home a me nā kūlana kaiaulu. Nā pilina makua, nā hana ʻōpiopio o ka wā kamaliʻi (ʻo ia hoʻi ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka preterm) a me ka hoʻohana nui ʻana me ka pūnaewele pili me ADHD ma hope aʻe o ke ola. ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i kēia a me nā mea e pili ana i ka hopena i kōkua i ka ADHD e alakaʻi i ka pale a me nā hoʻolālā mālama mua.

E hele:

'Apili A

E hele:

'Apili B

6 Pūnaewele

UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT PARVEY SURVEY (E hoʻopau ʻia e ka makua / kahu e pili nui nei i ka mālama a ka haumāna i kēlā me kēia lā)
E hele:

Hoʻomanaʻo kiko

Ua hoʻoponopono ʻia kēia ʻatikala ma hope o ka paʻi. Ua koho mua ʻia ka Beck Depression Inventory ma Hoʻokaʻa A (Papa (Loha5),5), akā ua lawe ʻia no nā kumu kope.

5 Pūnaewele

UNIVERSITY of VERMONT KAUKULE KULA (E hoʻokō i hoʻokahi me ka haumāna)
E hele:

'Ōlelo hōʻeia

Mahalo nui mākou iā Diantha Howard no ke kōkua helu ʻana a me Juliette Chan i kona kākoʻo. Mahalo nui mākou iā Linda Barnes lāua ʻo Sarah Smith Conroy no kā lākou kōkua.

E hele:

E hoʻomaopopo '

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