PLoS hana. 2013 Nov 4;8(11):e78708.
hana: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0078708. 2013 eCollection.
Yuan K1, Jin C, Cheng P, ʻO X, Dong T, Bi Y, Xing L, von Deneen KM, Yu D, Liu J, Liang J, Cheng T, Qin W, Tian J.
Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā haʻawina neuroimaging ma mua ua hōʻike i nā ʻano hana hewa a pili i nā hana pono i pili i nā ʻōpio me nā ʻatikala pāʻani pūnaewele (OGA). Eia nō naʻe, he mau haʻawina hoʻonaninani kūloko (fMRI) i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka hoʻomehana kūloko o ka hopena o ka flinttuations i ka pae o ka oxygen-dependence o ke koko (BOLD) i ka wā hoʻomaha a me ka liʻiliʻi o nā noiʻi i noiʻi i ka pilina ma waena o nā kūlana hoʻomaha o kahi kūlana abnormal a me ka mana hoʻomohala ʻokoʻa. hiki iā ʻoe. Ma ka noiʻi ʻana i kēia manawa, hana mākou i ka nui o ka haʻahaʻa fluctuation haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (ALFF) e makaʻala ai i nā hiʻohiʻona kūloko o ka mau lolo ʻōpiopio i ka wā ʻōpio me OGA a me nā mana olakino maikaʻi i ka wā hoʻomaha. He ʻumikumamāwahine o nā ʻōpiopio me OGA a me 18 mau makahiki-, ka hoʻonaʻauao- a me nā poʻe hana ola olakino maikaʻi i komo i loko o kēia aʻo. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mana olakino, ka ʻōpio me ka OGA i ka nui o ka nui o nā helu ALFF i ka cortex medial orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), ka precuneus hema, ka wahi ʻokoʻa hoʻihoʻi mokulele (SMA), ka parahippocampal gyrus kūpono (PHG) a me ka bilulate waena o ka bilateral waena cortex (MCC). Ua ʻike ʻia hoʻi nā mea hewa o kēia mau ʻāina i nā haʻawina hoʻohui i mua. ʻO ka mea nui, ʻike mākou i nā waiwai ALFF o ka medial OFC hema a haʻalele precuneus i hōʻoia maikaʻi ʻia me ka lōʻihi o OGA i ka wā'ōpiopio me OGA. Ua hui pū ʻia nā pupu ʻĀina ALFF o ka medial hema o ka OFC me ka hana hoʻokalakala ʻo Stroop. Ua hōʻike ʻia ko mākou mau hopena no ka hana o ka neuronal spontpon sponal o kēia mau ʻāina i hoʻopili ʻia i loko o ka mana o ka pathophysiology o OGA.
Introduction
Ua ho'ākāka ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pāʻani pili pūnaewele (OGA) ma ka hoʻohana pono ʻana i ka Pūnaewele a me ka hiki ʻole o kahi kanaka i ke kāohi i kona hoʻohana ʻana i ka Pūnaewele, ua loiloi ʻia he ʻano ʻano like ʻole o ka mana o ka hoʻonāukiuki. [1]-[3]. ^ E Ha yM. Ua hōʻike mai nā ʻikepili mai ka Pūnaewele Pū ʻIkepono o China (hoʻolaha ma ka lāʻo Pepeluali 2, 2010) i ka nui o ka piʻi ʻana o OGA ma waena o nā ʻōpio ʻōwili o Kina e pili ana i 14%. ʻOiai kekahi o nā pilikia olakino maʻamau ma waena o nā ʻōpio Kina, ua pili ʻo OGA i ka lawe ʻana o ka pono o ka naʻau o ka naʻau, kahi kōpae aʻoaʻo a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa hana i nā hana. [4], i kēia manawa ke lilo nei i pilikia olakino olakino e pili ana i nā ʻōpio a puni ka honua [5], [6]. ^ E Ha yM. ʻOiai ʻaʻole i hoʻopaʻa mana ʻia nā OGA i loko o kahi papa psychopathological, ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina he nui o nā ʻōpio OGA i nā ʻano hana hewa a me ka hana i loko o ka cortex o orbitofrontal (OFC), ka hāmeʻa mokulele hoʻohui (SMA), cingulate cortex, parahippocampal gyrus (PHG), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), precuneus, gyrus temporal, insula a me ka cerebellum [1], [2] Ua pili nā mea ʻokoʻa ma kēia mau ʻāina i ka hōʻino kino e nā mea pili i nā mea hoʻokaumaha [7], a e pili pū me ka hanaʻole i ka cognitive control, executive control, craving, reward sensitif, goal-kuhikuhi-behaviour and work work in OGA adolescents [1].
ʻOiai ʻo OGA e hoʻokau i ka luhi a me nā pilikia o ka lehulehu, ʻaʻohe manawa o ka mālama ʻia no OGA [8]. ^ E Ha yM. Ua hoʻokomo nā Klinikina ma Kina i nā papa hana hoʻonā, ua hoʻopaʻi ʻia a me ka mālama ʻana i ka hoʻopaha uila, a loaʻa ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana no kēia mau mea mālama. [4]. ^ E Ha yM. Kūkulu ka hana pono no ka pale a me ka mālama ʻana iā OGA pono e hoʻokau i kahi ʻike maopopo i nā hana a lalo o kēia ʻano. I kēia manawa, ua pili ka nui o nā noi ʻana OGA i ka ʻike ʻana i nā hemahema o ka hana a me nā hana hana pili i ka hana me nā OGA, he mea kōkua i ka loiloi ʻana i ka hana neural i lalo o OGA. Eia nō naʻe, ua loiloi kekahi mau noiʻi i ka palena o ka oxygen oxygen--hilinaʻi (BOLD) i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka hōʻailona no ka hana spont regional o OGA i ka wā hoʻomaha. Aʻo kahi ala ʻole noninvasive, ka hoʻomaha ʻana i ka mana hoʻokele magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) i hoʻohana ʻia e noiʻi i nā kuʻekuʻe haʻahaʻa o ka lohi ʻana (LFF) i nā hōʻailona BOLD, ka mea e pale aku i nā hana e pili ana i ka hana a hiki ke hōʻike i ka hana neʻe i loko o ka lolo [9], [10]. ^ E Ha yM. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ka ala hoʻomaha fMRI e hōʻike i ka intrinsic maʻamau a me ka papa hana atypical hana o ka lolo. [10]. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka hana neuronal abnormal i ka wā hoʻomaha hoʻomaha e hiki ke lilo i māka kūpono e hōʻike ai i ka holomua a me ka hana hoʻokō o nā maʻi o nā maʻi he nui.
I kēia manawa, ʻo Liu et al. hoʻohana i ke ʻano o ka homogeneity regional (ReHo) a ua ʻike nā poʻe me OGA i ka nui o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā helu ReHo ma ke kaila cingulate gyrus, bilateral parahippocampus, waiho mua precuneus, a waiho ana i ka poʻe mua gyrus maikaʻi. [11]. ^ E Ha yM. E hōʻike ana ke ʻano ʻo ReHo i ka homogeneity kino o ka LFF kūloko i ka ulu ʻana o ka ikaika, a kau ʻia ma ka hypothesis e pili ana i nā leo kīnā kokoke [12]. ^ E Ha yM. ʻOiai ke manaʻo ʻia nei ka nui o ka LFF (ALFF) e pili pū ana me ka hana neuronal kūloko, ʻoiai ke kumu o ka loli ʻana o ALFF i OGA e noho mau ana. [13]. ^ E Ha yM. Eia kekahi, Liu et al. [11] ʻaʻole i noiʻi i ka pilina ma waena o nā waiwai hoʻomaha hoʻomaha kūlana o ka ʻāina a me ka lōʻihi o OGA. E noiʻi hou aku i nā ʻano lawehala hoʻomaha i ka ʻōpio OGA, ua hoʻohana ʻia ke ala ALFF ma ke ʻano noiʻi ʻana a me ka ʻike i ka lōʻihi o OGA. Eia kekahi, ua ʻike nā mea noiʻi i ka hiki ʻana o ka mana cognitive control control i ke keiki'ōpiopio me OGA me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi hana Stroop a unuhi kala. [14], [15]. ^ E Ha yM. No laila, ʻo ka loiloi hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ke aʻo ʻana i kēia manawa, ʻo ia ka hana ma ka hana Stroop color-kupu. ʻO ka pilina o nā ʻike neuroimaging e ʻike pono ʻia i nā hanana ʻē aʻe i ʻike ʻia i ke ola ma OGA e lilo ia i ʻōlelo hou no ka mea nui o kēia mau ʻike iā OGA.
Nā Pono a me nā Una
ʻO nā kaʻina noiʻi āpau ua apono ʻia e ka West China Hospital Subcomm Committee ma Human Studies a ua hana ʻia e like me ka Hōʻike ʻia o Helsinki. ʻO ka poʻe a pau a me ko lākou kahu i kā mākou aʻo ʻana i ʻae ʻia i ka ʻae ʻia.
Nā Kaupapa
E like me ke ʻano o ka hoʻopiʻi Young Diagnostic Questionnaire (YDQ) no nā pae OGA e Beard a me Wolf [8], [16], he iwakālua haumāna o OGA i kānana ʻia mai ka haumāna 165 freshman a me nā haumāna hana pōkoki. ʻEwalu mau makahiki ʻōpio me nā kāne OGA (12 kāne, ʻo ia ka makahiki = 19.4 ± 3.1 mau makahiki, aʻo 13.4 ± 2.5 mau makahiki) i komo i kā mākou aʻo ʻana me ka wehe ʻana i ʻelua mau mea pāʻani hema. E hoʻokolokolo inā loaʻa nā loli kī ʻole i ka palena o ka lolo, ua manaʻo ʻia ka lōʻihi o ka maʻi ma o ka maʻi retrospective. Ua noi mākou i nā kumuhana e hoʻomanaʻo i ke ʻano o ko lākou ola ma ka manawa ua hoʻohui ʻia lākou i kā lākou pāʻani online, ʻo ia ka World of Warcraft (WOW). No ka hōʻoia i kēlā pilikia lākou OGA, ua hoʻihoʻi mākou iā lākou me nā paʻuna YDQ i hoʻololi ʻia e Beard lāua ʻo Wolf. Ua hōʻoia ʻia ka hilinaʻi ʻana o nā hōʻike ponoʻī mai nā kumuhana OGA ma ke kamaʻilio ʻana me ko lākou mau mākua ma ka kelepona ʻana a me nā hoa o nā hoa.
Iwaluʻumikumamāwau mau makahiki- a me nā mana olakino maikaʻi e pili ana i ka male (12 kāne a me 6 wahine, ʻoi aku ka makahiki = 19.5 ± 2.8 mau makahiki, hoʻonaʻauao 13.3 ± 2.0 mau makahiki) me ka ʻole pilikino pilikino a pilikino paha i nā maʻi psychiatric i komo pū i kā mākou aʻo ʻana. Wahi a nā haʻawina OGA ma mua, ua koho mākou i nā mana olakino i hoʻolilo ma lalo o nā hola 2 i kēlā me kēia lā ma ka Pūnaewele [4]. ^ E Ha yM. Ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā ʻōna olakino me ka paʻu YDQ e hoʻololi ʻia e Beard a me Wolf e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ai ʻaʻole lākou e loaʻa mai ka OGA. ʻO nā poʻe āpau i ʻae ʻia i nānā ʻia he Kina lima ālani maoli a loiloi ʻia e ka hōʻike pilikino ponoʻī a me Edinburgh Handedness Questionnaire. ʻO nā kūlike o ka hui no nā ʻelua ʻelua ka 1) ola o kahi maʻi neurological i loiloi ʻia e ka Structured Clinical Uiui no ka Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV); 2) ka waiʻona, Nikotine a hōʻino paha lāʻau ma o ka urine drug screening; 3) hapai a manawa kāne paha i loko o nā kāne; a me 4) kekahi mau maʻi kino e like me ke kūpeʻe o ka lolo, hepatitis, a he epilepsy paha e like me ka loiloi ʻia e like me ka loiloi loiloi a me nā moʻolelo lapaʻau. ʻO ka pākuʻeha hopohopo o ka Hamilton (HAMA) a me ka ʻikepili o Beck-inventory-II (BDI) i hoʻohana ʻia e loiloi i nā kūlana pilikino o nā poʻe a pau i nā hebedoma ʻelua ma mua. Hāʻawi ʻia ka ʻike kikoʻī kikoʻī hou aku i ka 1 Pūnaewele.
ʻO ka ʻikepili hui ʻokoʻa
Wahi a kahi noiʻi ma mua [17], i hoʻolālā ʻia i ka hoʻolālā kala-Stroop hana ma ke hoʻohana ʻana i ka polokalamu E-prime 2.0 (http://www.pstnet.com/eprime.cfm). Ua hana kēia hana i kahi hoʻolālā poloka me nā kūlana ʻekolu, ʻo ia hoʻi he congruent, incongruent a hoʻomaha. ʻEkolu huaʻōlelo, ʻulaʻula, a uliuli, a me Green i hōʻike ʻia i ʻekolu mau kiʻi (ʻulaʻula, uliuli a me ke ʻōmaʻomaʻo) me ka hoʻouluulu a me ka incongruent stimulation. I ka hoʻomaha, hōʻike ʻia kahi keʻa ma waenakonu o ka maka, a ua koi ʻia nā kumuhana e hoʻoponopono i ko lākou mau maka ma kēia keʻa me ka pane ʻole ʻana. Hoʻolaha ʻia nā hanana āpau i ʻelua holo me nā ʻokoʻa ʻana o nā poloka congruent a me incongruent. Ua kauoha ʻia kēlā me kēia wahi i ka pane i hōʻike ʻia no ka wikiwiki ma o ka pihi ʻana i kahi pihi ma kahi Serial Response Box ™ me ka lima ʻākau. Pihi ka pihi e ka ʻāʻī ʻana, waena, a me ke apo lima pili i ka ʻulaʻula, uliuli, a me nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Ua hoʻowalewale ʻia nā poʻe komo i loko o kahi lumi maluhia ke noho mālie lākou. Ma hope o ka hana mua, hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā hōʻike kuhi ʻia i ʻelua a ʻekolu paha mau lā ma mua o ke kaomi ʻana o MRI.
Nā ʻina Hana MRI
Ua pau ʻia nā haʻawina āpau i ka 3-T GE scanner (EXCITE, GE Signa, Milwaukee, WI, USA) e hoʻohana ana i kahi kuʻi poʻo poʻo manu manuahi ma ke ʻano he kākā poʻokela poʻo ʻewalu ala i loko o ka Huaxi MR Research Center, Chengdu, Kina . ^ E Ha yM. Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā pale umu e hoʻoemi i ke kao a me ka walaʻau scan. Ma hope o ka nānā ʻana i ka hanana localizer, ʻike ʻia nā kiʻi kaupaona ʻo T1 me ka puʻina poʻomanaʻo o kahi mākaukau e hoʻoneʻe ʻia (TR) = 1900 ms; echo time (TE) = 2.26 ms; ke kihi flip (FA) = 9 °; kahua o ka ʻike ( FOV) = 256 × 256 mm2; data matrix = 256 × 256; ʻoki = 176; leo halea = 1 × 1 × 1 mm3). A laila, ua kiʻi ʻia nā kiʻi hana hoʻomaha hoʻomaha i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi ʻano echo-planar-imaging (TR = 2000ms; TE = 30ms; FA = 90 °; FOV = 240 × 240 mm2; data matrix = 64 × 64) me 32 axial slit (slice mātahi = 5 mm a ʻaʻohe slice gap, huina holoʻokoʻa = 180) i hoʻokahi holo o ʻeono mau minuke. Ua aʻo ʻia nā kumuhana e pani i ko lākou mau maka, e hoʻomau a ʻaʻole hoʻi e noʻonoʻo i kekahi mea pono i ka wā a pau ka scan. I ka hopena o ka loaʻa ʻikepili, ua hōʻoia nā mea a pau e mālama lākou i ka wā o ka hana ʻimi.
ʻO ka mākaʻikaʻi data a me ka helu ALFF
Ua hana ʻia ka pauna kiʻi kiʻi e hana ai me ka helu helu helu Parametric Mapping (SPM5, http://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/spm) polokalamu uila a me ka ʻAna Hana Hana Hoʻohālikelike Pūnaewele no ka hoʻomaha ʻana i ka waihona fMRI (DPARSF) [18]. ^ E Ha yM. No kēlā me kēia hoa, ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā kiʻi mua he ʻ mua e pale i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka hōʻailona ma mua o ka hiki ʻana i ka hoʻokaumaha ʻana o ke ʻano o ka hoʻokalakupua a me ka hiki ʻana i nā kumuhana e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka wili panilima fMRI. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka nui koʻo utomo 170 no ka lohi ʻana i ka manawa a ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia no ka hoʻoponopono poʻo. ʻAʻole i aʻo ʻia nā poʻo i ka holo o ke poʻo ma mua o ka 1 mm o ka neʻe ʻana a i ʻole 1 ° ka ʻae ʻana i kekahi ʻaoʻao. A laila, nānā ʻia nā kiʻi a pau i kiʻi ʻia i loko o ka hui ʻo Montréal Neurological Institute (MNI) EPI, a hoʻohālikelike ʻia i 3 mm isotropic voxels a laila hoʻāhu ʻia (piha loa i ka hapalua-lōʻihi = 8 mm). Ma hope o kēlā, ma ke kāhea ʻana i nā hana i ka Resting-State fMRI Data Analysis Toolkit (REST, http://rest.restfmri.net), ka palena linear-trend a me ke kānana ʻo ka band-pass (0.01-0.08 Hz) no ka hoʻemi ʻana i nā hopena o nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ke alakaʻi hele kino a me nā haʻalulu. [18] i hana ʻia ma ka hana manawa.
Ma hope o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana, ua hana ʻia ka helu ALFF me ka hoʻohana ʻana i DPARSF ma ke kāhea ʻana i nā hana ma REST e like me nā haʻawina mua. [19]. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka mea mua, no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka mana kikoʻī, ua hoʻololi ʻia ke ʻano o ka manawa i kānana ʻia me ka pūnaewele frequency e hoʻohana ai i kahi wikiwiki no Fourier (FFT). A laila ua loaʻa i ke kumu pahu o ka mana kikoʻī no kēlā me kēia kuhikuhi kaha e hoʻopili i kahi nui ma ke ʻano he alapine (frequency). ʻO kēia mau mana waiwai, i ʻokoʻa ʻia ma 0.01-0.08 Hz i kēlā me kēia mele, ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo ia nā helu ALFF. I ka hopena, ua hoʻohana ʻia kēia kile ʻeneka kūpono ʻole i kā ALFF waiwai. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ALFF o kēlā me kēia kuahiwi i ka waiwai ALFF o ka honua i loko o ka mask-utina piha no kēlā me kēia kumuhana, e hōʻike ana i kahi ALFF maʻamau o kēlā me kēia mele e loaʻa ana kahi waiwai o ka 1.
ʻIkepili helu
No ka loiloi i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka hui o OGA a me ka hui o ka hui i ka makahiki, ka wahine, ka maʻi maʻi, a me nā makahiki o ka hoʻonaʻauao, ʻelua-ʻālana t-hana ʻia nā hana me ka SPSS 13.0 a me p> 0.05 manaʻo ʻia he mea ʻole. E mākaʻikaʻi i nā wahi i loaʻa nā waiwai ALFF i ʻokoʻa mai ka waiwai o 1, kahi laʻana hoʻokahi tʻaoa (p<0.05, hewa hewa ʻohana (FWE) i hoʻoponopono ʻia) me ka hoʻohana ʻana iā SPM5 i loko o kēlā me kēia hui. A laila, he laʻana ʻelua t-ʻoi aku ka hana e hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻokoʻa ALFF ma waena o nā hui ʻelua ma hope o ka kāohi ʻana no ka makahiki a me nā kāne. Ua hoʻoponopono ʻia no ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā simulasi Monte Monte. I ka paepae i hoʻoponopono ʻia a pUa kiʻi ʻia ʻo <0.05 mai kahi paepae hui o p<0.005 no kēlā me kēia voxel a me kahi hōʻuluʻulu liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o 351 mm3 (ʻ programlelo alpha AlphaSim i ka polokalamu AFNI, http: // afni.nimh.nih.gov/). No nā wahi lolo i hōʻike ʻia e nā maʻi OGA nā hewa ALFF, ua lawe ʻia nā waiwai ALFF o kēlā me kēia wahi, i hoʻonui ʻia a hoʻoponopono hou ʻia i nā hōʻailona pathological i hōʻike ʻia e ka lōʻihi o nā maʻi a me ka hana o ka hana Stroop.
Results
Ua hōʻike kā mākou mau hopena i ka helu o OGA ma kahi o 12.1% i loko o kā mākou noiʻi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. Wahi a kā lākou hōʻike pilikino ma ka hoʻohana pūnaewele, ua hoʻohana nā kumuhana OGA i nā hola 10.2 ± 2.6 i kēlā me kēia lā a me 6.3 ± 0.5 mau pule i kēlā me kēia pule ma ka pāʻani pūnaewele. ʻO ka poʻe'ōpiopio me OGA i hoʻolōʻihi i nā manawa he nui i kēlā me kēia lā a me nā lā i kēlā me kēia pule ma ka Pūnaewele ma mua o nā kaohi (p<0.005) (1 Pūnaewele).
Nā hopena ʻokoʻa hoʻoweliweli
Ua hōʻike aku nā iwi ʻelua i ka hopena Stroop nui, ma laila ka manawa lōʻihi o ka hopena i ka wā incongruent ma mua o ke kūlana congruent (OGA: 677.3 ± 75.4 ms vs 581.2 ± 71.6 ms a loaʻa nā mana: 638.3 ± 65.9 ms vs 549.0 ± 50.6 ms; p<0.005). Ua hana ʻoi aku ka hewa o ka hui OGA ma mua o ka pūʻulu hoʻomalu i ka manawa incongruent (8.56 ± 4.77 vs 4.56 ± 2.93; p<0.05), ʻoiai ka lohi o ka pane ʻana i ana ʻia e ka manawa kuhi (RT) i ka manawa incongruent i unuhi ʻia nā kūlana congruent ʻaʻole i ʻokoʻa loa ma waena o kēia mau hui ʻelua (98.2 ± 40.37 ms vs 91.92 ± 45.87 ms; p > 0.05).
Nā hopena o nā hōʻikeʻikepili
Ua hōʻike ʻia nā palapala ALFF o nā pūʻulu OGA a me nā pūʻulu o ka mana i hōʻike ʻia Laau. 1, a hōʻike ʻelua mau pūʻulu i nā helu ALFF kiʻekiʻe loa i ka posterulate cingulate cortex (PCC) / precuneus, medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), a me ka bilateral inferior parietal lobe (IPL) i ka wā hoʻomaha. Kuhi ʻia kēia mau ʻāina i ka ulia ʻoihana mode ma nā haʻawina mua [19]. ^ E Ha yM. A ʻelua kumuhana t-e kaohi ana i ka makahiki a me ke kāne a hoʻoponopono ʻia no nā hoʻohālikelike he nui (e hoʻohana ana i nā hoʻohālikelike ʻo Monte Carlo o ka nui o ka hōʻiliʻili liʻiliʻi e hāʻawi ana i kahi paepae i hoʻoponopono ʻia o p <0.05 mai kahi paepae i hoʻoponopono ʻole ʻia o p <0.005 no kēlā me kēia voxel) i hōʻike ʻia ua hōʻike nui ka hui OGA i nā koina ALFF i ka medial hema o ka OFC, ka precuneus hema, ka hema SMA, ka PHG ʻākau a me ka MCC bilateral i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hui hoʻokele. ʻAʻole loaʻa nā wahi lolo me ka hoʻemi ʻia o nā waiwai ALFF. Hoʻohui ʻia, ua ʻike ʻia kahi hoʻopili maikaʻi maikaʻi ma waena o ka lōʻihi o OGA a me nā koina ALFF maʻamau i ka OFC waena waena (r = 0.6627, p = 0.0027) a me ka precuneus hema (r = 0.5924, p = 0.0096) (Laau. 2). Loaʻa ka waiwai o ALFF o ka hema hema o OFC e helu ʻia nei me ka nui o nā hala i pane i ka wā kuhihewa i waena o nā poʻe ʻōpio me OGA (r = 0.6690, p = 0.0024) (Laau. 3). No ka mea, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kumuhana OGA i kiʻekiʻe e pili ana i ka helu ʻana ma ka BDI, a ua ʻike hou mākou i ka ʻike helu imaging, e hoʻohana ana i ka BDI ma kahi o covariate. Hoʻohālikelike nā hōʻike hopena i ka ikepili maoli. Ua hoʻāʻo pū ʻia mākou inā i hoʻokō ʻia nā helu BDI me nā waiwai ALFF o nā ʻōpū utuhina abnormal, lōʻihi o OGA a me ka hana o ka hana Stroop. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻohe hopena nui i ʻike ʻia.
kūkākūkā
Ma ka noiʻi o kēia manawa, ua hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻano ALFF e nānā i nā kūlana hoʻomaha i waena o nā mea maʻi me OGA a me nā kaola maʻamau. He ala maʻalahi a hōʻoiaʻiʻo ALFF e ana i ka nui o ka loli o ka haʻahaʻa ʻana i ka hōʻailona BOLD, a ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina mua i ke kaha o kēia kaʻina hana e ʻike pono ai i ka wahi o ka lolo he mau hanana kahe maʻamau [13]. ^ E Ha yM. Ma loko o kēlā me kēia hui, ʻike mākou i kekahi mau wahi e hōʻike ana i nā kiʻekiʻe ALFF kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā wahi lolo i ka wā hoʻomaha.Laau. 1). Ua hoʻopihapiha ʻia kēia mau ʻāina i nā ʻāina nui o ka ʻōnaehana mode maʻamau (DMN) [20]. ^ E Ha yM. E pili ana i ka pākahi ʻelua t-ʻo nā hopena hopena, pili i nā kaola olakino, ka ʻōpio me ka OGA i hōʻike i ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka ALFF ma ka hema medial OFC, waiho mua precuneus, haʻalele hema, PHG a me ka bilateral MCC i ka wā hoʻomaha.Laau. 2). He mea pono ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia ua loaʻa nā haʻuki o ka OGA nui i ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kaumaha ma ka BDI, eia naʻe, ka loiloi me ka BDI e like me kahi covariate i hōʻike i nā hopena like. Eia kekahi, ʻike pono nā helu ALFF o medial hema OFC a me ka precuneus i kūpono me ka lōʻihi o OGA (Laau. 2). Eia kekahi, e hōʻoia i ka hiki ʻana i ka hiki ke mālama i ka mana cognitive dable i loko o nā ʻōpio me OGA, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻonaninani ʻano Stroop i loko o kā mākou noi. Kū like me nā ʻike o mua [14], [15], ua hana ʻo ka hui OGA hou aku i nā hala he nui ma mua o ka kaohi o ka pūʻulu i ka manawa incongruent, ka mea i hōʻike ʻia i nā ʻōpio me OGA i ʻike i ka hiki ke hoʻomāoea ʻano cognitive control, e like me ke ʻano ʻana o ka hōʻike-Stroop hōʻike hōʻike. ʻO ka mea mahalo, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia pū ʻia nā helu ALFF o ka hema hema o ka OFC me ka nui o nā hewa i ka wā i ʻike ʻole ʻia i waena o nā ʻōpio me OGA (Laau. 3). Ke hōʻike nei kā mākou mau hopena i nā loli o ka ALFF i loko o ka OFC e lilo i ʻano biomarker e hoʻohālikelike ai i ka mana o ka hoʻomohala i ka pehu o OGA.
I kēia noiʻi ʻana, ʻike mākou ua hoʻonui ʻia nā helu ALFF i ka medial OFC hema i ka hui OGA. Ma ka Anatomically, ka nui o nā pilina o ka OFC me ka striatum a me nā limahana kūwili (e like me ka amygdala), ka mea i ʻike ʻia i ka hoʻomohala kuhi i nā kaʻina kuhikuhi i ka pahuhopu ma o ka loiloi ʻana i ka manaʻo kumu o ka hoʻoulu a me ka koho ʻana i ka hana e loaʻa ai ka makemake mau hopena. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hana hoʻohālikelike a ka lima o ke OFC i OGA i nā haʻawina mua [4], [11], [15]. ^ E Ha yM. Park et al. i pai a 18ʻO ka noiʻi F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) e noiʻi i ka ʻōnaehana cerebral glucose metabolism i ka wā hoʻomaha o ka poʻe ʻōpiopio me OGA a me nā mana maʻamau, a hōʻike i ka hana metabola OFC i mau makahiki ʻōpio me OGA i hoʻonui ʻia me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻole. [21]. ^ E Ha yM. Ua hōʻike aku kēia loiloi e pili ana i ka hana ababally metabolic ma ka wahi o ka OFC e pili ai i ka hoʻopulapula ʻana i ka hoʻokele ʻana a me ka hana ʻana i nā uku pānaʻi i ka wā ʻōpio me OGA. E pili ana i nā hana hana MRI pili i ka hana, Ko et al. Ua hoʻomaopopo i ka neural substrates o ka hana pili i ka pāʻani pūnaewele ma o ka loiloi ʻana o nā wahi pili i pili i ka cue-induced gaming doses, a ʻikea e hiki ai i ka ʻĀina hiki ke hoʻihoʻi i ka nui i loko o ka mea i hoʻohālikelike ʻia inā i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā kaohi. [22]. ^ E Ha yM. He like o kēia ʻimi i ka cue-induced craving i ka dependence waiwai [23], kahi i manaʻo e ʻaoʻī ka makemake i ka pāʻani ʻikepili a me ka makemake nui i ka waiwai hilinaʻi paha i ka like me nā hana ne like me ka neurobiological. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina neuroimaging mua i hoʻopili ʻia i ka nui o ka hina hina o ka OFC ma ka hui OGA [1], [4]. ^ E Ha yM. Ma ka laina me kēia mau ʻike loina a hana ukali, ʻike kā mākou noiʻi ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kumu ALFF kiʻekiʻe loa i ka medial OFC i ka wā ʻōpiopio me OGA hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mana. Eia kekahi, kahi pilina nui ma waena o nā waiwai ALFF o ka OFC a me ka hana hana i ka wā o ka hōʻike Stroop ma ka kala kala i ʻike ʻia ma ka hui OGA (Hōʻike 3). Ua hōʻike mua nā haʻawina hoʻokau mua i ka hui ʻana ma waena o ka hakakā Stroop a me ka hoʻonaninani glucose i loko o ka OFC ma waena o nā kumuhana kokohiko [24]. ^ E Ha yM. Hōʻike kēia ʻano hana-lolo i ka nui o nā kūlana mana hoʻomaha o ka OFC e pili pū ana me ka mana cognitive control cognitive ma waena o ka poʻe'ōpiopio me OGA.
Nui loa nā waiwai ALFF i ka precuneus i nā kumuhana OGA i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā kaohi. ʻO ka precuneus he wahi lolo i ka cortom posteromedial o ka limu parietal a loaʻa i kahi hana koʻikoʻi i ka hana cognitive basic. [25]. ^ E Ha yM. Ua koho ʻia ka precuneus e pili i ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i nā episodic hoʻomanaʻo, ʻike kikoʻī-ʻike maka-hoʻāhewa, ka hoʻokaʻina ʻana a me ka ʻike. [25]. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka manawa hou nei, ua hōʻike pū kekahi mau noiʻi nui i hoʻonui nui ʻia ʻo ReHo ma ka precuneus hema i ke kula haumāna OGA i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā kaohi [11]. ^ E Ha yM. Eia kekahi, hōʻike kahi haʻawina ua pili aku ka precuneus i ke kī pāʻani, makemake nui a me ka paʻakikī o ka OGA, a hōʻike ʻia e hoʻonoho ka precuneus i ke kaʻina ʻana o ka puʻupuʻu pāʻani, hoʻopili pū i ka hoʻomanaʻo hou ʻana a kōkua i nā cue-induced craving no ka pāʻani pūnaewele. [26]. ^ E Ha yM. No laila, manaʻo mākou e pili ana nā kūlana abnormalities o ka precuneus i ka poʻe ʻōpio me ka OGA e pili me ka makemake i ka OGA lōʻihi.
Ua ʻike ʻia nā waiwai nui ALFF ma nā kumuhana OGA, pili i nā kaohi, a ma ka hema hema, bilateral MCC a me PHG pololei. He koʻikoʻi ke kula i ka mana o ka cognitive control, voluntary action, ka hoʻomaka ʻana / ka pale ʻana i nā pane o nā kaʻa [27] a me ka paio pu ana no hoi [28]. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka MCC ka waena waena o ka gyrus cingulate a koʻikoʻi no ka mālama kūleʻa a me ka hoʻouka ʻana [29]. ^ E Ha yM. Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā haʻawina mua i nā haʻawina pili i nā mea e pili ana i ka hoʻomaha ʻana i ke kūlana o ka SMA a me ka MCC [30], [31]. ^ E Ha yM. Manaʻo ʻia ka PHG i ka hāʻawi ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻike paʻa i ka hoʻomanaʻo hana [32]. ^ E Ha yM. Ke hoʻomanaʻo nei ka hana hana e pili ana i ka mālama pilikino a me ka hoʻolimalima ʻana ma luna o ka ʻikepili a he mea nui nō hoʻi ia no ka kāohi cognitive [33]. ^ E Ha yM. Liu et al. ua hōʻike i hoʻonui nui ʻia ʻo ReHo i ka bilateral PHG i nā haumāna haumāna kula OGA i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā kaohi [11]. ^ E Ha yM. Eia kekahi, loaʻa kekahi mau noiʻi anisotropy haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka PHG ma nā kumuhana OGA [4]. ^ E Ha yM. Ua hōʻoia ʻia kā mākou mau hopena i ka hoʻohālike kūlana hoʻomaha hoʻomaha o ka PHG i nā ʻōpio me OGA.
Ma ka hopena, i kēia haʻawina, ʻike mākou ua pololei ke ALFF i ka poʻe ʻōpiopio me ka OGA hoʻohālikelike i nā mana, ʻo ia hoʻi nā kumu nui ALFF ma ka hema hema o OFC, hema precuneus, hema hema, MA ka pololei PHG a me ka bilateral MCC. Ua ʻike mākou i nā kumu kiʻekiʻe o ka ALFF i ke medial hema o CC a me ka precuneus i hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia me ka lōʻihi o OGA. Ua hui pū ʻia nā waiwai ALFF o ka hema hema OFC me ka hana ʻana o ka hana Stroop hana kala (ʻo ia hoʻi nā pane pane) i loko o ka hui OGA. Ua hōʻike ʻia kā mākou mau ʻike i ka hana maʻamau o nā hanana maʻamau o kēia mau ʻāina i mea e hoʻohālike ai i lalo o ka pathophysiology i lalo o nā mea hoʻohana OGA. Ma muli o nā hopena like ʻole o ka hoʻomaha hoʻomaha i ka lāʻau lapaʻau e pili ana i ka loli ʻana o ka mokuahi e pili ana i ka loli, ua manaʻo mākou e ʻae ʻo OGA i nā hana neural me ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. He mea pono ia e noʻonoʻo e pono ke kaumaha ka manaʻo e lilo i ka hilahila i ka wā e wehewehe nei i nā ʻike neuroimaging i ke aʻo nei. Pono kahi noiʻi hou ʻana e hāʻawi aku i nāʻikeʻepekema hou e pili ana i ka OGA.
mau hoomaikai ana
Makemake mākou hoʻomaikaʻi iā Qin Ouyang, Qizhu Wu, Junran Zhang, Changjian Hu a me Haifeng Luo no ke kōkua ʻepono koʻikoʻi i ka lawelawe ʻana i kēia noiʻi.
Kālāʻike kālā
Kākoʻo ʻia kēia pepa e ka Project no ka National Key Basic Research and Development Program (973) ma lalo o ka ʻae ʻana o ka helu No. 2011CB707700; ka National Natural Science Foundation o Kina ma lalo o Grant Nos 81227901, 81271644, 81271546, 30930112, 81000640, 81000641, 81101036, 81101108, 31200837, 81030027, 81301281; a me nā kālā noiʻi kumu kālā no nā Kulanui Central, ka ʻImi Pūnaewele Pūnaewele o Inner Mongolia ma lalo o ka ʻae ʻana ʻo 2012MS0908. ʻAʻohe kuleana o ka poʻe kālā kālā i ka hoʻolālā noi ʻana, ka ʻikepili a me ka nānā ʻana, hoʻoholo e paʻi, a hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka kākau.
E hoʻomaopopo '
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