Nā Manaʻo: Ua loaʻa i nā nānā fMRI nā abnormalities ma nāʻaoʻao o ka poʻe me ka Internet Addiction Disorder.
ʻO Chin Med J (Engl). 2010 Jul; 123 (14): 1904-8.
Liu J, Hao XP, Osunde I, Li X, Zhou SK, Zheng HR, Li LJ.
kahi
Institute of Mental Health, ka lua o Xiangya Hosipital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, Kina.
Hōʻuluʻulu:
Ka Ike:
Hoʻopilikia ka pilikia o ka Pūnaewele (IAD) i kahi pilikia olakino noʻonoʻo koʻikoʻi ma waena o nā ʻōpio Kina. ʻO ke pathogenesis o IAD, ʻaʻole naʻe i maopopo. ʻO ke kumu o kēia noiʻi ua noi i ka ʻano homogeneity regional (ReHo) e kāohi i ka ʻano hana ʻano encephalic o nā haumāna puka kula IAD ma lalo o ke kūlana hoʻomaha.
Pākuhi:
Ua hana ʻia ke kiʻi resonanc magnetic hana (fMRI) ma nā haumāna kula kolepa 19 IAD a me nā mana ko 19 ma lalo o ka hoʻomaha hoʻomaha. Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano ʻo ReHo e kālai i nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka ReHo awelika ma ʻelua mau pūʻulu.
Results:
Nā mea nui i ʻike ʻia e ko ReHo i loaʻa i ka hui IAD i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hui mana: cerebellum, brainstem, kumulima kananima gyrus, bilateral parahippocampus, frontal lobe (rectal gyrus, inveior frontal gyrus and tengah frontal gyrus), left frontal gyrus, left precuneus , he gyrus postcentral kūpono, gyrus waena waena kūpono, kūpono loa ka manawa kino gyrus, waiho i ka gyrus temporal kiʻekiʻe a me nā gyrus temporal waena. ʻAʻole i loaʻa nā wahi kīkē o ReHo i loaʻa i ka hui IAD i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka pūʻulu mana.
Nā hopena:
Aia nā abnormalities ma ka home homogeneity ma nā haumāna kula IAD i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā kāohi a me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ke ʻōnaehana ma ka hapanui o nā wahi encephalic hiki ke loaʻa. Hōʻike nā hopena i ka hoʻololi pono ʻana o ka lolo i nā haumāna haumāna IAD. ʻO nā pilina ma waena o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hoʻohui ʻana ma waena o ka cerebellum, brainstem, limbic lobe, frontal lobe a me apical lobe e pili paha i nā ala e uku aku ai i nā ala.
Ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka Pūnaewele i nā makahiki i hala. Hōʻike nā ʻikepili mai Kina Pūnaewele Pūnaewele Pūnaewele (ʻo Dekemaba 31, 2008) ua hele ka 298 miliona mau kānaka ma ka pūnaewele, a ʻo 60% mau kāne ma lalo o 30 mau makahiki. Me kēia helu waiwai o nā mea hoʻohana pūnaewele, ua pilikia nā pilikia o ka pili ʻana i ka pūnaewele i ka nānā ʻana mai nā psychiatrists, nā mea aʻoaʻo a me ka lehulehu. Hoʻopilikia ka pilikia hoʻohui pūnaewele ma kēia manawa i kahi pilikia olakino noʻonoʻo koʻikoʻi ma waena o nā ʻōpio Kina. Ua hōʻike ʻo Chou lāua ʻo Hsiao1 he mea pono ka helu ʻana o ka Pūnaewele i waena o nā haumāna kula no Taiwan. Ua ʻike ʻo Wu lāua ʻo Zhu5.9 i ka 2% o nā haumāna haumana kula Kina e like me ka mea i hoʻohui ʻia ma ka pūnaewele. ʻO ke pathogenesis o IAD, ʻaʻole naʻe i maopopo.
ʻO ka hoʻomaha ʻana i ka moku'āina fMRI, ua neʻe hou aku ka manaʻo hou no ka mea ua aʻo ʻia nā poʻe ʻikepili i kahi noa e neʻe iki ʻole a hoʻopaʻa ʻia ko lākou mau maka i ka hana fMRI. No laila, hoʻomaha ka moku'āina fMRI i ka hoʻomaikaʻi pono ʻana o ka noi hau. I kēia manawa i ka noiʻi fMRI kūlana hoʻomaha, ua hoʻohana ʻia kahi ʻano homogeneity hou (ReHo) i ke ʻano he loiloi pae o ka ʻĀina o ke koko (BOLD) i ʻike ʻia e ka lolo.3 Ua manaʻo ʻia e ʻae ʻia ka hoʻomaha hoʻomaha fMRI. pathophysiology o IAD.
METHOD
Nā Kaupapa
Wahi a ke kumukūʻai YDQ e hoʻololi ʻia e Beard a Wolf, 3 mai Iulai 2008 a hiki i Mei 2009, 19 IAD (11 kāne a me 8 wahine; mau makahiki ʻo (21.0 ± 1.3) mau makahiki me 18 a 25 mau makahiki) nā kumuhana (ʻo ke ʻano o ka makahiki (19 ± 20.0) mau makahiki me ka hanu mai 1.8 a hiki i 18 mau makahiki) e hana ana i ka fMRI ma lalo o ka hoʻomaha hoʻomaha ma kā mākou haukapila. Ua kūpono nā mea a pau e like me ke kāʻili ʻia ʻana e ka Edinburgh Inventory. ʻAʻohe kumuhana i lawe i kekahi lāʻau lapaʻau e hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka lolo o ka lolo. Loaʻa i nā poʻe āpau kahi hōʻike loiloi normal. Ua hālāwai lākou me kēia huaʻōlelo e pili ana i kēia helu: 25) nā 1 ka nui o nā criteriia e pono e hālāwai me nā palapala noiʻi ʻo Diagnostic for Addiction Internet (Beard5— "3 + 5 mau kumuʻi"), a hālāwai me kēlā me kēia i ke koena o nā mau criteriia. ʻO 1) ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻouka ʻana ≥2 mau hola i kēlā me kēia lā no 6 mahina. 3) hana maoli i ka ʻoihana, me ka emi ʻana o ka hana hoʻonaʻauao, hiki ʻole ke mālama pono i ke aʻo ʻana o ke kula. ʻAʻole i hōʻike nā mea hōʻike i ka mōʻaukala o ka maʻi neurological o ka schizophrenia, ke kaumaha a me ka mea hilinaʻi a me nā maʻi psychiatric paha. ʻAʻole kahi kūlike statistically nui i ka makahiki, ka wahine a me nā pae hoʻonaʻauao ma waena o ka hui IAD a me ka pūʻulu mana. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ke Komite Ua noiʻi o ka lua o Xiangya Hosipital i ke kikowaena o Central University. Hāʻawi nā kumuhana āpau i kā lākou ʻae ʻia a kākau ʻia no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana.
ʻRIlelo ʻo MRI
Ua loaʻa nā kiʻi ma kahi 3.0T Siemens Tesla Trio Tim scanner me nā gradients wikiwiki wikiwiki. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ke poʻo o ka mea hui me kahi wili poʻo maʻamau. Hāʻawi ʻia ka pale kapa e kaohi i ka neʻe ʻana o ke poʻo. Loaʻa nā kiʻi axial T1 a me T2 i kaupaona ʻia i nā kumuhana āpau. I ka manawa hoʻomaha o ka moku'āina fMRI, ua kauoha ʻia nā poʻe e paʻa i ko lākou mau maka, e noho me ka neʻe ʻole i ka mea ʻole. Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā palena ma hope no ke kiʻi kiʻi anatomical T1: 3080/12 ms (TR / TE), 36 mau ʻāpana, 256 × 256 mākia, 24 cm kahua o ka ʻike (FOV), 3 mm ʻāpana mānoanoa a me 0.9 mm āpau, 1 NEX, ʻūlū hāhā = 90. Ma nā wahi like i nā ʻāpana anatomical, ua kiʻi ʻia nā kiʻi hana e ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kaʻina kiʻi echoplanar me nā kaha penei: 3000/30 ms (TR / TE), 36 mau ʻāpana, 64 × 64 matrix, 24 cm kahua o ka nānā (FOV), 3 mm ʻāpana mānoanoa a me ka 0.9 mm āpau, 1 NEX, ʻaoʻao flip = 90. He 9 mau minuke ka lōʻihi o kēlā me kēia memo fMRI.
ʻIkepili helu
Aia nā ʻikepili o kēlā me kēia kumuhana fMRI i nā helu manawa 180. Ua kiola ʻia nā helu manawa ʻelima o ka ʻike fMRI ma muli o ke kūpaʻa ʻole o ka hōʻailona MRI mua a me ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka poʻe komo i ke kaʻina, me ka waiho ʻana i 175 mau puke. Ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia nā koina 175 i koe me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka polokalamu Statement Parametric Mapping 2 (SPM2) (Ke Kulanui ʻo London, Pelekane). Ua hoʻoponopono ʻia ka manawa ʻāpana, a hoʻopili ʻia i ke kiʻi mua o kēlā me kēia kau no ka hoʻoponopono neʻe, spatially normalized to MNI and was smoothed with a Gaussian filter of 8 mm full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) to emi ke kani a me ke koena ʻokoʻa i ka anatomia gyral. Ua emi nā kumuhana āpau ma mua o 0.5 mm o ka hoʻoneʻe i X, Y, Z a me 1.0 ° o ka neʻe angylar i ka scan fMRI holoʻokoʻa. ʻAʻohe kumu i kāpae ʻia. Ua noi ʻia kahi kānana kūlohelohe (0.01Hz <f <0.08HZ) e hoʻoneʻe i nā nalu alapine haʻahaʻa a me ke kani pinepine pinepine o ka physiological.
Ua hoʻohana mākou i ka coefficient o Kendord o ka concordance (KCC) 4 e ana i ka homogeneity āpana o ke kaʻina manawa o kahi voxel i hāʻawi ʻia me kāna voxel hoa noho kokoke 26 ma kahi ala voxel-wisdom. Hiki ke helu ʻia ka KCC e kēia ʻano:
Aia ma hea ʻo KCC o kahi hui, mai 0 a 1; ʻO Ri ka helu helu o ka manawa manawa ith, ʻo n ka helu o nā kiko manawa o kēlā me kēia moʻo manawa voxel (eia n = 175); = ((n + 1)) / 2 ka manaʻo o nā Ri's; k ka helu o nā voxels i ka hōʻuluʻulu (eia k = 27). Ua loaʻa ka palapala ʻāina W pākahi ma kahi voxel e ke kumu voxel no kēlā me kēia ʻikepili kumuhana i hoʻonohonoho ʻia. Ua kuhi ʻia ka papahana i luna ma Matrix Laboratory (MATLAB, MathWorks Inc., Natick, USA)
No ka mākaʻikaʻi ʻana i ka ReHo ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā IAD a me nā kaohi, ua hana ʻia kahi hopena kaulua ʻelua mau hopena t ma nā palapala ʻāina ReHo pākahi i kahi voxel-by-voxel. Ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka palapala helu helu hopena ma ka paepae hui o P <0.001 a me ka nui o ka nui o 270 mm3, a ua hopena i ka paepae P <0.05.
Nā Hua
No nā mea āpau, ʻaʻohe hoʻololi pathological nui i loaʻa me ka kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe T1- a me ka MRI kaumaha ʻo T2. Ua hōʻike ka pūʻulu IAD i nā wahi o ka lolo i ka ReHo i ke kūlana hoʻomaha i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā kaohi. Ua hoʻonui ʻia ka ReHo ma luna o ka cerebellum, brainstem, ʻākau cingulate gyrus, bilateral parahippocampus, cup frontal cup (rectal gyrus, iniorior frontal gyrus and middle frontal gyrus), left unggul frontal gyrus, left precuneus, right postcentral gyrus, right front occipital gyrus , ka puʻu kino hema loa, waiho i ka gyrus temporal kiʻekiʻe loa a me nā gyrus temporal waena. ʻAʻole i loaʻa ka nui o ReHo i kahi hui IAD (Kiʻi a me ka Papa.
Kiʻi. ʻO nā wahi ʻokoʻa i ka lolo me ka hoʻonui ʻia o ReHo i nā kiʻi i hoʻohui ʻia o nā IAD a me nā kaohi i loaʻa e ka polokalamu SPM2. A: cerebellum. B: ʻōnaehana lolo. C: gyrus cingulate akau. D: ʻākau parahippocampus. E: left parahippocampus. F: haʻalele i ka mua gyrus mua. Loaʻa i kēia mau ʻāina ka waiwai ReHo kiʻekiʻe: IADs> nā kāohi. L: hema. R: pololei. Hōʻike ka polu polu i nā ʻāpana lolo o ka hana. Ua hana ʻia kahi hoʻāʻo t hoʻokahi ma nā palapala ʻāina ReHo pākahi ma kahi voxel-by-voxel ma waena o nā IAD a me nā kaohi. Ua hoʻāʻo ʻia ka ʻikepili o nā hui ʻelua me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ʻelua mau laʻana. Ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka palapala helu helu hope loa ma ka paepae hui o P <0.001 a me ka nui o ka hōʻuluʻulu nui o 270 mm3, a ʻo nā hopena ka hopena o P <0.05.
Pākaukau. ʻO nā ʻāpana ʻāina me ka homogeneity regional regional i IADs i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā kaohi
KA HOOHOLO
Ke ʻano ReHo e pili ana i ka fMRI
ʻO ke ʻano ʻo ReHo, kahi ala hou e kāʻalo ai i ka ʻikepili fMRI ma lalo o ka hoʻomaha hoʻomaha.4 ʻO ke kumu kumu o ka hypothesis o ReHo ma ke ʻano he kūloko like ʻole kahi o kona mau hoalauna. Hoʻopiʻi ia i ka ReHo o ka manawa manawa o ka hōʻailona BOLD o ka lula. No laila, hōʻike ʻo ReHo i ka home homogeneity o ka hōʻailona BOLD o ka ʻona ma mua o kona kūwaho. Hiki ke ʻike ʻo ReHo i ka hana ma nā wahi ʻokoʻa o ka lolo. Ua hoʻopili pono ʻia ke ʻano ʻo ReHo i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana ʻo Parkinson, Alzheimer, hoʻoʻeha, ka luhi i ka hyperactivity maʻi, schizophrenia a me ka epilepsy.5-10, akā, ʻaʻole i ʻike i ka hana o ka lolo o ka IAD ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hoʻomaha hoʻomaha fMRI.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā manaʻo o nā hoʻonuiʻina o ka lolo ReHo i IAD i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā kāohi
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mana, ʻike ʻia ka hui hoʻokolohua ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o nā wahi o ka lolo ReHo ma luna o ka cerebellum, brainstem, cingulate gyrus, bilateral parahippocampus, cup frontal cup (rectal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus and middle frontal gyrus), left unggul frontal gyrus , ka waiho mua o ke precuneus, ka gyrus postcentral ʻākau, kahi gyrus waena waena pono, kūpono i ka puhoi kino tempal, waiho i ka gyrus temporal kiʻekiʻe a me nā gyrus temporal waena. Hōʻike ia i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana nīneʻe.
Ua hōʻike nā haʻawina i nā cerebellum i kahi kiʻekiʻe cognitive kiʻekiʻe, 11-12 e like me ka ʻike ma ka ʻōlelo a pēlā pū. Aia kahi pilina hana nui ma waena o ka cerebellum a me ka lolo, e kōkua ana e hoʻoponopono i ka hana cognitive, manaʻo a me nā manaʻo i kekahi nui. Aia ka pilina fibrous ma waena o mesencephalon a me cerebellum, cerebellum a me ka thalamus, cerebellum a me cerebrum, e like me ka lobe prefrontal. Ua ʻike nā mea noiʻi i ka pili ma waena o nā abnormalities cerebellar a me ka hōʻike kino ʻana o kekahi mau maʻi noʻonoʻo.13 Ua loaʻa nā haʻawina i nā mea maʻi me ka schizophrenia ua prefrontal lobe-cerebellum a me nā cerebellum-thalamus nawaliwali, akā ua hoʻonui ʻia ka pilina thalamus-prefrontal .14
Aia ka cingulate gyrus pili i ka ʻōnaehana limbic ma kahi pono o ka corpus callosum. ʻO ia, me ka parahippocampal gyrus, i manaʻo ʻia he wahi nūnū ia o ka cortex heterotypical a me neocortex, i ʻike ʻia kekahi me ka mesocortex. ʻO ka cingut mua o ke anawa ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā kūmole a lawelawe iā ia i ka lilo ʻana o sensory i loko o ka hoʻoponopono papaha. ʻO ka hiʻona koʻikoʻi ka hana koʻikoʻi o ka mālama ʻana i nā paio. Hoʻokomo ka posterulate cingulate i ke kaʻina o ka ʻike maka a me sensorimotor.15-18
Ma Mesencephalon a me nā subuhi hippocampi he hana nui i ka ʻōnaehana dopaminergic mesolimbic. ʻO ke kūlohelohe ʻo Vive tegmental he wahi nui ia o ke ala uku a he nui nā pilina ma waena o ka mesencephalon a me cerebellum, a me ka mesencephalon a me cerebrum. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hoʻohui hoʻohui hou ʻana o ka mesencephalon, cerebellum, cingulate gyrus a me ka parahippocampal gyrus e kūlike me ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana o nā ʻano o nā ala e hoʻolaʻa ʻia. Hōʻike ia, i kekahi, ʻo nā pili o ke ala e hoʻolaʻa ana i IAD i hoʻonui ʻia.
Ua loaʻa ka noiʻi ʻana i hoʻonui nui ʻia ʻo ReHo ma ka ʻāina kino a me ka ʻāina occipital, ka mea e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻoki ʻia i ka hui IAD ma mua o ka hui kāohi. ʻO kēia paha ke kumu o ka mea i hiki ke hoʻomālamalama, e like me ka hoʻokaʻa pinepine ʻana i ke kiʻi ʻoihana pūnaewele, hoʻonoho ʻia i loko o ka pā uila nui a i ʻole ke kani ʻana o ka pāʻani. ʻO ka kikowaena optic a me auditory, nā mea e hōʻeuʻeu pinepine ʻia e lilo i manawa lōʻihi, e lilo i ka leʻaleʻa a i ʻole ka mana i hoʻonui ʻia. ʻO ka hana nui o ka limu kino i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka ʻike noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana a me ka hoʻoponopono auditory ma o cortex pili mua a me ka lua. ʻO ka hoʻonui hoʻonui ReHo i ka cortex o ka pahu kino, e lawelawe pono ana i ka mea e hoʻokūkū nui ai e hōʻike i ka poʻe iho e like me ka mea hoʻoili pūnaewele. ʻO ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa hou ʻana i ka hana ma ka pūnaewele ʻo IAD e pono i kahi noiʻi hou aku.
Ma ka fMRI, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Bartzokis et al19 ka nui o ka pahu o ka limu a me ka limu temporal i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia i nā kokona a me nā poʻe hilinaʻi amphetamine, ʻoiai nā mea hina o ka puʻu kino i loko o ka niu kokoleka me ka hoʻonui nui ʻana. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka hiki ʻana i ka cocaine dependence ke hōʻemi i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka hina o ke kino o ka lola, a me ka hōʻemi o ka limu frontal a me ka limu temporal hiki ke hōʻailona i ka hōʻailona hoʻomohala. ʻO ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ReHo i ka cortex o ka limahana o ka hana ma ke ʻano honua, hiki ke lilo i hōʻailona mua o ka palena o ka barin, a hiki i kahi nui ke hōʻike i ka nui o ka hana o ka lolo. Ua loaʻa iā Modell et al20 ka hana i waena o ka caudate nucleus, corpora striata, thalamencephal, cortex o ka limu mua ma ka wai a me ka mea inu lāʻau e ka fMRI. ʻIke ʻo Tremblay lāua ʻo Schultz21 i ka hana o nā gyri orbital o ka limu mua a me nā uku e pili ana, a me ka pōʻino i ke orbital gyri o ka limu mua e hiki ai i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa a me ka paipai.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka mea maʻamau, ka hoʻonui ʻia o ReHo i kekahi mau wahi o ka lula mua a me ka limu parietal e hōʻike aku ana i kahi hoʻonohonoho ʻoi aku ma mua o ka mea maʻamau. ʻO ka cortex o mua o ka limu mua, ka mea ʻoi loa ka paʻakikī a me ka ulu ʻana o ka wahi neocortex, e ʻae i nā kaona nerve aueia mai ka limu parietal, lobe temporal, lobe occipital, a me ka cortex murio-hui cortex kokoke i Brodman 1, 2, a me 3, as limbic latero-association cortex, including cingulate gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus and his efferent nerve fibers project to striatum and pons. ʻO ia ka māhele koʻikoʻi o ka lolo no ka kaohi ʻana i ka impulsion.22-24
Ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻano like ʻole o ka parietal lobe e pili pū ana me ka hana visuospatial .ʻO ka hoʻololi kino i ka mea e pili ana i ka mea hiki ke alakaʻi i ka hoʻoikaika ikaika o ka cethex parietal maikaʻi ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua.25,26 Na fMRI, ua ʻike ʻo Zheng et al27 e hana nui ana ka lula apical. Kauia ke wā a kuhi ka lolo i ka hoʻomanaʻo pōkole. Ua ʻike ʻo Neuroanatomy ua ʻae nā dormal prefrontal lobe i ka projection of association fiber mai ka apical lobe, a me ka cortex nānā mua i lawe i nā ʻano spatial (ma ka visual informaton i hoʻololi ʻia e ke ala ʻike) i ka cortex pili o ka puahi apical, a ua hoʻokumu i ka ʻike spatial ma ʻo ka manawa like. Ma ka hope, ua hāʻawi ʻia ka ʻike pili i ka spatial i ka pahu dorsal prefrontal lobe e hana i ka hoʻomanaʻo spatial. Ma kahi huaʻōlelo, hoʻopau ka ʻike ʻike ʻike i ke kaʻina hana positional a me ka spatial i kahi kūlana posterior cortex e dorsal pathway.28
Ma muli o nā palapala i loaʻa a me nā hualoaʻa o kēia hoʻokolohua, manaʻo mākou ua hoʻopiʻi ʻia nā kiʻi a me ke kani e nā ala auditory a me nā ala hoʻokae ʻike ʻike. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea paʻa e like me ka waihoʻoluʻu, kahi kūlana spatial pili a me nā ʻike kikowaena i kūkulu ʻia i ka pahu parietal. I ka hopena, ua pālahalaha nā hōʻailona i ka laka mua e hāpai i ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana e like me ka hoʻoholo aʻe, hoʻolālā a me ka hoʻokō ʻana. ʻO ka hoʻihoʻi pinepine ʻana i kēia mau ʻāpana encephalic o nā addict pūnaewele e alakaʻi ana i ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻōnaehana ma kēia mau ʻāina. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka hana ʻōnaehana ma waena o ka cerebellum, brainstem, limbic lobe, frontal lobe a me ka apical lobe e pili ana me nā ala uku, a pono e hōʻoia ʻia ka ʻoihana paʻa me nā haʻawina hou.
Ma ka hopena, noi kēia noiʻi i ke ʻano koʻina fMRI hoʻomaha e hōʻiliʻili i ka ʻikepili a me ke ʻano ʻo ReHo e kāohi i nā ʻike. Ua ike makou aia he abnormalities ma ka home homogeneity ma IAD haumāna haumāna hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hui mana. Loaʻa ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka hoʻonohonoho o ke ʻimi i ka hapanui o nā wahi. Hōʻike nā hualoa i ka hoʻololi pono ʻana o ka lolo i nā haumāna haumāna IAD a me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i waena o ka cerebellum, brainstem, limbic lobe, frontal lobe, apical lobe kūpono paha e uku i nā ala. Ke hāʻawi nei kēia haʻawina i kahi ala hou a me ka manaʻo e noiʻi ana i ka etiology o IAD, a ua hōʻoia i ka hiki ke noi iā ReHo i nā preclinical a me nā haʻawina IAD i ka manawa like.
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