JMIR Ment Health. 2017 Apr 3; 4 (2): e11. hana: 10.2196 / mental.5537.
Karacic S1, Oreskovic S1.
Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo
KEKAHI:
Hoʻohana nui ka poʻe ʻōpio i ka Pūnaewele no ka kamaʻilio ʻana, ka hoʻonaʻauao, ʻoliʻoli a me nā mea ʻē aʻe ma nā ʻano like ʻole. Hāʻawi i ko lākou mau manawa palupalu, akā paha lākou i koi i ka addiction pūnaewele.
KANAWAI:
ʻO kā mākou pahuhopu ʻo ia ka ʻike ʻana i nā ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe o ke kumu o ka hoʻohana pūnaewele ʻana i waena o nā ʻōpio me ka mahalo ʻana i nā makahiki o ka makahiki, ʻāina noho, a me ka wahine a me ka hoʻoili ʻana o nā hoʻohuiʻike pūnaewele ma luna o nā subgroup makahiki. ʻO kekahi pahuhopu ʻo ia ka hoʻoholo ʻana inā aia kekahi maʻa ma waena o ke kumu o ka hoʻohana pūnaewele a me ka makahiki a inā e pili ana kēia paʻahana i ka pae o ka addiction i ka Pūnaewele.
KANAKA:
Ua hoʻokō ʻia ka noiʻi i kahi hua maʻalahi maʻalahi o nā ʻōpio 1078-534 keiki kāne a me 525 mau kaikamahine hānai 11-18 mau makahiki e hele ana i nā kula haʻahaʻa a me ka grammar ma Kroasia, Finland, a me Polani. Ua noi ʻia nā mea ʻōpio e hoʻopiha i kahi nīnau no kona inoa ʻole, a hoʻolako i nā ʻike ma ka makahiki, ke ʻano wahine, ka ʻāina noho, a me ke kumu o ka hoʻohana pūnaewele (ʻo ia hoʻi, ke kula / hana a ʻoluʻolu paha). Kuhi ʻia nā ʻikepili i kuhi ʻia me ka hōʻike chi-square no ka hoʻoponopono.
Nā hopena:
ʻO nā mea'ōpio ka mea nui i hoʻohana i ka Pūnaewele no ka hoʻokipaʻana (905 / 1078, 84.00%). Uaʻoi aku ka wahine'ē aʻe ma mua o nā'ōpio ke hoʻohana iā ia no ke kula / hana (105 / 525, 20.0% vs 64 / 534, 12.0%, ma kēlā me kēia). ʻO kaʻenehana pūnaewele no kaʻoihana kula /ʻoihana i hoʻohana nuiʻia e nā poʻe'ōpio Polani (71 / 296, 24.0%), a ma muli o Croatian (78 / 486, 16.0%) a me Finnish (24 / 296, 8.0%) mau'ōpio. ʻO ka pae o ka'ānoninua Intaneti ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa ma waena o ka lālā o ka mahele o ka lālā 15-16 a makahiki a i emi loa i ka'āpana o ka lālā o 11-12 makahiki. Loaʻa kahi pilina nāwaliwali a maikaʻi ma waena o ka mea'ānoninua Pūnaewele a me ka lālā o ka huila piha (P = .004). ʻO nā kāne'ōpio i ka hapanui o ka hoʻohuiʻana ma waena o ka lālani o ka makahiki a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mea hōʻailona i ka Internet (P = .001).
NĀ KUMU:
ʻO nā makahiki ʻōpio ʻo 15-16 mau makahiki, ʻoi aku ka ʻōpio kāne, ka mea e ʻoi loa i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka pili o ka pūnaewele, aʻo nā ʻōpio ʻōpio ua mau makahiki 11-12 e hōʻike i ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa i ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka Pūnaewele.
KEYWORDS:
Pākuʻi Pūnaewele; opio opio; Nā pae o ka ʻōpio
PMID: 28373154
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