ʻO ka manaʻo lapaʻau. 2018 Jun 7; 9: 252. doi: 10.3389 / fpsyt.2018.00252.
PMID: 29930524
PMCID: PMC5999751
DOI: 10.3389 / fpsyt.2018.00252
Paka a Sunyoung1, Hyera Ryu1, Ji-Yoon Lee1, Aruem Choi1, Dai-Jin Kim2, Sung Nyun Kim3* a ʻO Jung-Seok Choi1,4*
Nā Mana:
ʻO ka noiʻi ʻana i noiʻi neural hono i pili aku i nā pane ʻana i nā maʻi i loko o ka poʻe maʻi me ka pāʻani pūnaewele ma ka Pūnaewele (IGD) e hoʻohana ana i ka loea e noho nei ka mana o ka electroencephalography (EEG).
Pākuhi:
Hoʻokomo mākou i nā mea maʻi 30 me IGD a me 32 kumuhana hoʻomalu olakino (HCs). ʻO nā mea maʻi IGD, ua hoʻopau ʻo 18 i kahi hoʻolālā outpatient i komo pū me ka ʻoihana lapaʻau me nā selotonin reuptake selectives no nā mahina 6. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka pane ʻana o ka EEG resting state state e pili ana i nā loiloi a me ka noʻonoʻo, a ua hōʻike ʻia nā ʻike me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā hoʻohālikelike ākea.
Results:
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me HC, nā maʻi me ka IGD i hōʻike i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka koina a me ka gamma intrahemispheric coherence a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka loʻina o ka delta intrahemispheric o ka hemephere ʻokoʻa ma ka pae. Ma hope o nā mahina o 6 o ka hoʻokele outpatient, hōʻike ka poʻe maʻi me ka IGD i ka holomua o nā hōʻailona IGD i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka baseline, akā hoʻomau lākou e hōʻike i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka pilina o beta a me gamma intrahemispheric i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā HC. ʻAʻole i ʻike mau ʻia ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka EEG ma waena o nā loiloi aʻoi aku ka mua a ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i kekahi pūʻulu i ka hui IGD.
Ka Hopena:
Hōʻike kēia mau ʻike ua nui ka nui o ka intrahemispheric wikiwiki holoʻokoʻa e lilo i kumu koʻikoʻi neʻe neʻelima ponoʻī o ka poʻe maʻi me ka IGD.
Introduction
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā maʻi pāʻani pūnaewele (IGD) e ke ʻano o ka hoʻohana nui ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pāʻani pūnaewele ma ka Pūnaewele.1). Ua loaʻa ka IGD i ka hoʻonui pinepine ʻana ma muli o nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole e pili ana i ka nohona maʻamau, ke kula a me nā hana hana, a me ka noʻonoʻo noʻonoʻo (1, 2). ʻO ka mea maʻi me kahi mea e pili ana i ke ʻano hana, e like me IGD, kaʻana i kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona maʻi, e like me ka impulsivity, ʻehaʻeha, a me ka hiki ʻole ke kāohi i ka hana ʻino (3, 4). Ua hoʻohana nā haʻawina hou i nā hana neuroimaging a me ka neʻe ʻana mai ka hana neoneo e nānā ai i nā loli a me ka hana ʻana i ka lolo e pili ana i ka impulsivity a i ʻole ka pane ʻana ʻana e hoʻoikaika i ko mākou ʻike i nā ʻano o ka IGD (5-7).
Ua hoʻokau ʻia kekahi mau noiʻi neuroimaging i ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka maʻi dysfunctional i nā maʻi me nā IGD. ʻOiai kahi hiʻohiʻona o Zhang (8) ua hōʻike i ka hōʻemi nui o nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ka cortex orbitofrontal a me nā cortex posterior cingulate i nā ʻōpio'ōpio me ka IGD hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mana. ʻIke pū kekahi iā lākou e hōʻike ana i nā mea maʻi me ka IGD i nā hoʻopili e hoʻopili ai i nā kamaʻilio maʻamau a me nā ʻoihana hoʻoponopono hoʻokūkū hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā kaohi. Eia kekahi, hōʻike i nā mea maʻi me ka IGD i ka nui o ka pilina o nā pūnohu sensorimotor a ua hoʻololi ʻia ka launa pūloko o ka interhemispheric i ka lula o ka prefrontal, a me ka bilateral maikaʻi frontal gyrus, ka uha mua a me ka gyrus waena.9, 10). Hōʻike kēia mau mea i nā maʻi me ka IGD i nā mea i loaʻa i ka hoʻōla pānaʻi uku, ka hana nui kognitifo, a me ka mana o ka impulse.
ʻOiai nā haʻawina neuroimaging ua ʻike i nā hana o ka lolo i ka hana ʻana i nā hana hoʻomaha, hāʻawi lākou i ka ʻike i ka ʻōlelo e pili ana i ka nui o nā kāʻei kino kūloko i nā lolo. He mea pono ke koikoi Electroencephalographic (EEG) no ke ana ʻana i nā abnormalities ma ka hana pūlima lawelawe me ka hoʻonāukiuki kiʻekiʻe.11). Hoʻopili ʻo EEG coherence i ka maʻamau o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā ʻokoʻa ma nā wahi ʻelua o ka lolo a e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana ma waena o nā iwi neural a me ka hoʻohui cortical (12). Hoʻohui ʻia ka pilina ʻana ma waena o ʻelua mau electrodes EEG e pili ana i ka hoʻopili ʻana i ʻelua mau wahi o ka lolo, ʻoiai ua hoʻemi ʻia ka pilina ʻana e hōʻike ai i nā hana pili ʻole o nā iwi neural āpau (13, 14).
Ua hōʻike ʻia kekahi mau noiʻi i noiʻi i ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka lolo me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi kūlana hoʻomaha hoʻomaha ʻo EEG i ka poʻe ʻōpio me kahi ʻenehana Pūnaewele e hōʻike ana i ka koina o ka gamma ma waena o ka parietal, kūlohelohe kino, a me nā wahi hana i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā koina olakino maikaʻi (HCs) (15). Ua hōʻike pū kekahi i nā mea maʻi me ka IGD i ka hoʻonaninani gamma intrahemispheric i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā kaohi (16). Eia kekahi, hoʻonui ʻia ka pilina o intrahemispheric i loko o ka fronto-temporal area e pili ana me ka pāʻani pūnaewele pūnaewele repetitive (17). Hōʻike kēia mau loina maʻamau i ka hoʻopili ʻia ʻana o nā gamma phasic synchrony e pili ana me ka hyperarousal i loko o ka ʻatikaki sensory a me ka pūnaehana hoʻōhoʻaka abnormal. Eia nō naʻe, kūpaʻa paha ia i hoʻololi ʻia ka pilina neural i loko o nā mea maʻi me ka IGD he hōʻailona hōʻailona a i ʻole kahi mākaʻikaʻi moku'āina e pili ana me ka paʻakikī o ka IGD. Kekahi mau noiʻi e hoʻohana ana i ka coherence EEG i hōʻike i nā abnormalities ma ka hoʻopili o ka lolo i ka poʻe me ka hoʻohana kino i nā mea hana (SUD), he mau lolo ʻoihana e like me ka IGD (7, 18, 19). No ka laʻana, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka pōkole a me ka poʻe inu wai ʻole i paulele, ua hōʻike i ka nui o ka bilateral, intrahemispheric, a me ka posterior EEG coherence (18). Pēlā nō, hōʻike i ka poʻe hoʻohālikelike heroin hilinaʻi nui i hōʻike i ka nui o ka lālani gamma intrahemispheric i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka HC (19). Hōʻike kēia mau mea i ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka pili neural ma hope o ka manawa lōʻihi o ka lawehala a i ʻole ka mālama ʻana a e noʻonoʻo ana i ka endophenotype no SUD. No laila, ʻo nā haʻawina lōʻihi me nā poʻe maʻi me ka IGD e kōkua iā mākou e hoʻomaopopo i ka pathophysiology o ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hoʻoulu ʻia ʻana o nā ʻano hana lapaʻau no ka IGD.
I ka ʻike maikaʻi loa, ʻaʻohe ʻike noiʻi i nā loli lōʻihi i ka hoʻomaha ʻana i ka moku EEG coherence ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i nā poʻe maʻi me ka IGD. Ka mea, ua noiʻi mākou i ka pili cortical pili i nā pane lapaʻau i nā mea maʻi me ka IGD e maopopo i kāna hana lalo, a e hōʻaʻeu paha i ka hoʻololi ʻia o ka synchrony i loko o nā poʻe me ka IGD he mokuʻāina a he hōʻailona paha. Koho ʻia ma nā ʻike i hala (16, 17, 20), ke kuhi nei mākou i nā mea maʻi me ka IGD e hōʻike i ka hoʻonui pinepine ʻana i ka pālahalaha ʻana i ka pae kahua a e hoʻomau ʻia kēia neʻena neʻe a hiki i kēia mau hōʻailona IGD ma hope o nā mahina 6 o ka hoʻokele outpatient.
Nā Pono a me nā Una
i komo
Ua komo kēia haʻawina lōʻihi lōʻihi ma ka 62-18 mau makahiki kāne i lawe ʻia mai SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center a me nā kaiāulu e kokoke ana i Seoul, Republic of Korea. I koho ʻia nā mea he kanakolu he hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka IGD e pili ana i nā koina o ka Diagnostic a me Manual Manual of Mental Disorder, Pōʻalima Edition a ua ʻike ʻia e kahi maʻi lapaʻau e pili ana i ka maʻi (1). He kanakolukumamālua mau mea komo i lawelawe ma ke ʻano he HCs. ʻO ka noiʻi i kēia manawa wale nō kēlā mau mea maʻi i lilo ma mua o 4 h / lā a me / a i ʻole 30 h / hebedoma e pāʻani ana i nā pāʻani Pūnaewele. Hoʻohui ʻia, hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana ʻōpio a Young (Y-IAT) e loiloi i ke koʻikoʻi o nā hōʻailona IGD (21). Ua mālama ʻia nā hōʻike loiloi kaulike a me ka scan EEG ma luna o nā mea a pau i komo. Ma muli o nā loiloi kumu, 18 o nā 30 mau maʻi me ka IGD i loaʻa i nā maʻi depressive a hopohopo ʻole paha ka hoʻomau ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau me nā mea hoʻoliʻiliʻi hou o serotonin (SSRI) e hoʻohana ana i ka awelika o nā lā maʻamau: escitalopram ma 15.83 ± 9.17 mg, fluoxetine ma 50.00 ± 9.17 mg, a i ʻole paroxetine ma 30.00 ± 14.14 mg. ʻAʻole hoʻohana ʻia nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe ma mua o SSRI i kēia noi ʻana. Ma hope o 6 mau mahina o ka hoʻomau mau ʻana, hoʻopau lākou i nā loiloi e like me nā ana a me ka hoʻopaʻa leo EEG. ʻO ka hopena lapaʻau mua ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka helu IAT mai ka wā ma mua o ka mālama ʻana. Ua kiʻi pololei ʻia nā mea komo HC i pāʻani i nā pāʻani Pūnaewele <2 h / lā mai nā kaiāulu kūloko. ʻAʻohe o nā mea komo i loaʻa ka moʻaukala o ke kīnā o ka ʻike, ka maʻi psychotic, a me nā maʻi neurological, a he lima ʻākau nā mea āpau. Ua kāpae ʻia nā mea komo me kahi IQ i koho ʻia o <80.
Ua apono ʻia kēia haʻawina e ka Papa Hoʻonaʻauao Institution of SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Republic of Korea. Hāʻawi i nā mea a pau i kākau ʻia i ka ʻae ʻia ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻike e pili ana i ke aʻo ʻana.
Nā Palapala ʻĀina EEG
ʻĀpana ʻĀpana ʻo EEG
ʻO ka ʻike kikoʻī e pili ana i nā palapala hoʻopaʻa EEG a me nā kaʻina hana ʻikepili i hōʻike ʻia i loko o kā mākou noi mua (16). Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka EEG mokuʻāina hoʻomaha no 10 min (4 min me ka maka o nā maka, 2 min me ka maka maka, a me ka 4 min me nā maka i uhi ʻia) i loko o kahi keʻena uila a pale leo me nā kukui uila. Kauoha ʻia nā mea komo e hoʻomaha a pale i nā neʻe ʻana o ke kino a me ka hiamoe. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka hana a EEG mai nā uila uila 64 e pili ana i ka ʻōnaehana International 10-20 i hoʻololi ʻia me ka pili pū me nā electrooculogram a me ka uila a me kahi uila uila mastoid. Aia ke kahawai honua ma waena o nā electrode FPz a me Fz. Hoʻopaʻa mau ʻia nā hōʻailona EEG me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi kānana bandpass pūnaewele ma waena pūnaewele 0.1-60 Hz a me kahi 0.1-50 Hz pūnaewele bandpass offline ma kahi ʻāpana o ka 1,000 Hz. Mālama ʻia nā impedance electrode ma <5 KΩ.
Kuhi ʻia nā ʻikepili EEG āpau me ka polokalamu NeuroGuide (NG Deluxe 2.6.1, Applied Neuroscience; St. Petersburg, FL, USA) no ka loiloi coherence, a me 19 o nā kahe a 64 ua kāhea ʻia e ka kaila ʻo NeuroGuide e like me kēia: FP1, FP2, F7 , F3, Fz, F4, F8, T3, C3, Cz, C4, T4, T5, P3, Pz, P4, T6, O1, a me O2. Ua hoʻopau ʻia nā mea kiʻi ma muli o nā puʻupuʻu maka a me nā neʻe i ka wā o ka ʻimi ʻana i ka EEG e ka pūnaehana NG Deluxe 2.6.1 a ua ʻike ʻia.
Koina
Ua hōʻike ʻia nā kaʻina loiloi hoʻākāka ma Park et al. (16). ^ E Ha yM. No ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, ua hoʻololi ʻia nā kaila EEG hoʻomaha hoʻomaha i ka pūnaewele kīwaha e hoʻohana ana i ka algorithm transpormer eha Ximaʻumeka me nā kikoʻīa i hōʻike ʻia: epoch = 2 s, ka laʻana helu = 128 mau hiʻohiʻona / s (256 kikoʻī manawa kikoʻī), ka pualehu o ka helu = 0.5-40 ʻO Hz, a me kahi hopena o 0.5 Hz me kahi aniani taper window e hōʻemi i ka leakage. Ua hoʻohana ka papahana ʻo NG 2.6.1 e loaʻa i nā waiwai koikoi. ʻO nā ʻoka i ʻikepili ʻia o ka ʻike EEG ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia no kēlā me kēia o nā hāmeʻa e pili ana: delta (1-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha (8 – 12 Hz), beta (12-25 Hz), a me gamma (30 – 40 Hz). Eia kekahi, ua nānā ʻia ka pili ʻana o intrahemispheric no kēlā me kēia pēpē me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka F3-C3, F3-T3, F3-P3, C3 – T3, C3-P3, a me T3-P3 ma ka ʻaoʻao FX T4, F4-P4, C4-T4, C4-P4, a me nā pona uila uila T4 – P4 ma nā hemolele ʻākau. Ua hoʻohui ʻia ka pākuʻina o Interhemispheric ma waena o nā pihi uila uila F4-F4, C4-C3, T4-T3, a me P4-P3.
Nā Manaʻo Kūʻai
ʻO ke kūpikipiki ʻo ka Wechsler Hanohano
Ua lawelawe ʻia ka ʻōiwi Korea o ka Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale i nā mea āpau e helu i kā lākou IQ (22-24).
Nūpepa Palepa
Ua hōʻoia ʻia ka pānaʻi Korea i nā nīnau nīnau a pau.25-28).
ʻO IAT ʻōpio (Y-IAT)
Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka Y-IAT e ana i ka nui o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka Pūnaewele. Kuhi ʻia nā helu 20 āpau ma kahi helu ʻelima ʻelima mai 1 a 5. No laila, he nui nā helu mai ka 20 a i 100 (21, 28). ʻO ka alpha Cronbach no kēia noi ʻana ʻo 0.97.
Ke lilo nei i hoʻopaʻa waiwai-II (BDI-II)
Ua alakaʻi ʻia ka BDI-II e nānā i ka hōʻeha o nā hōʻailona kaumaha (26, 29). Ua helu ʻia kēlā me kēia mea ma ka pālākiō ʻehā mai 0 a 3, a hiki i nā helu helu 21 āpau ke kau ʻia mai 0 a 63. ʻO kā Alpha Cronbach no kēia noi ʻana he 0.95.
E lilo i mea hana pilikia hopohopo (BAI)
Loaʻa i ka BAI ka huina o nā helu 21 a pane i ka nui o nā hōʻailona hopohopo (25, 30). Heluhelu ʻia nā pane ma ka pālākiō ʻehā, a pae nā helu mai 0 a i ka 3. Loaʻa ka helu BAI āpau, mai ka 0 a 63, ma ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana i nā mea 21 āpau. ʻO ka alpha Cronbach no kēia noi ʻana he 0.94.
Barratt impulsiveness scale-11 (BIS-11)
ʻO ka BIS-11, ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻopaʻa i ka impulsivity (27, 31), ʻo ia he nīnau nīnau pilikino 30-helu pilikino e hoʻopili ana ʻekolu mau subscales e ana i ka impulsivity (nānā, kaʻa, a me ka hoʻolālā ʻole). Heluhelu ʻia kēlā me kēia mea ma ka pālākiō he ʻehā mai ka 1 a i ka 4. The alpha Cronbach no kēia noi ʻana he 0.79.
ʻIkeʻIke Heluhelu
Ua loiloi ʻia ka palapala hoʻohālikelike mua a me ke ʻano noʻonoʻo t-Eʻoiai, aʻo nā ʻokoʻa ʻē i nā ʻōnaehana noʻonoʻo i mua a ma hope o ka loiloi ʻana i ka mālama ʻia e nā paehana t-ʻohana. Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā hoʻohālikelike maʻamau (GEEs) e loiloi ai i nā hopena hui i nā ʻike EEG no kēlā me kēia pūʻulu pākēneka e nānā i nā hoʻoponopono i waena o nā ana kaulike (32, 33). Ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā koina nui iho o Intra- a me interhemispheric e nā GEE me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea e pili ana i ka pae waiwai a i ka hopena o ka manawa mālama ʻia ʻo 6-month outpatient, no kēlā me kēia: intrahemispheric coherence i nānā ʻia e like me ka hui (IGD a me HC) × (fronto-waena waena , fronto-temporal, fronto-parietal, centro-temporal, centro-parietal, a temporo-parietal) × hemisphere (hema a me ka hema); a loiloi nā loulou interhemispheric e like me ka hui (IGD a me HC) × region (frontal, central, temporal, a parietal). Ma kēia mau loiloi, ua kāohi mākou no ka hoʻonaʻauao a me nā haʻawina BDI-II, BAI, a me nā helu BIS-11 e hoʻomaopopo i nāʻokoʻa like ʻole. Ua hoʻākāka ʻia nā helu helu helu helu āpau me ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka polokalamu SPSS 20.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).
Results
Nā Kūleʻa Kūʻē a me nā Psychological i mua o a ma hope o ka mālama ʻana
ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa nā mea maʻi me ka IGD mai ka HC i nā ʻōlelo a i ʻole IQ. Eia nō naʻe, nā ʻike nui i ka hoʻonaʻauao, ʻike ʻia nā ʻike BDI-II, BAI, a me BIS-11 ma waena o nā hui ʻelua. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona demographic a me kaʻikepili o nā pūʻulu IGD a me HC i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Papa 1. ^ E Ha yM. Ma hope o nā mahina o ka 6 o ka mālama ʻana, ua hoʻohaʻahaʻa ka nui o nā mea maʻi me ka IGD i ka helu Y-IAT a i ʻole ka haʻahaʻa o nā haʻahaʻa BDI-II, BAI, a i ʻole BIS-11 mau hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ko lākou nā pae kīwī (Papa Lā 2).
1 Pūnaewele. ^ E Ha yM. Nā hiʻohiʻona a me ke ʻano noʻonoʻo o nā hui aʻo i ka papa hana kumu.
2 Pūnaewele. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO nā hoʻololi i nā hiʻohiʻona maʻi o nā maʻi me ka maʻi pūnaewele ma ka Pūnaewele (IGD) ma mua a ma hope o ka mālama ʻana.
ʻĀina hui EEG
ʻElinelelo Aʻo Pūnaewele EEG
ʻO ka helu helu helu e hoʻohana ana i nā GEEs of intrahemispheric coherence i hōʻike i nā hopena nui o nā hui nui i ka hui beta a me ka gamma ma ka pae kahua ma hope o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā loli demographic a me psychological. 3). Kūlana kūikawā, nā maʻi me ka IGD [M (maʻamau hewa o ka pono; SEM) = 48.95 (69.463)] i hōʻike nui i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka pilina o intrahemispheric beta ma mua o nā HCs [M (SEM) = 41.68 (70.187)]. ʻO nā mea maʻi me IGD [M (SEM) = 58.65 (111.862)] i hōʻike pū i kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ke kākā gamma ma mua o nā HCs [M (SEM) = 46.03 (113.029)]. Eia kekahi, ua hōʻike ʻia kahi hopena pili no ka hui × hemisphere. ʻO ka hui IGD [M (SEM) = 49.11 (68.393)] i hoʻonui i ka pilina me ka delta intrahemispheric i loko o ka ʻaumaka hemolele i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka hui HC [M (SEM) = 42.36 (69.106)]. ʻAʻole hōʻike i kahi loiloi interhemispheric i hōʻike i ka hopena nui o ka hui, ka hopena pili o ka pūʻulu × māhele, a i ʻole hui hui hemisphere hui.
3 Pūnaewele. ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻopili nā hopena i ka koʻi intrahemispheric koikoi i ka hopena o ka hopena o ka demographic (hoʻonaʻauao) a me nā noʻonoʻo (nā hōʻailona ma ka BDI-II, BAI, a me BIS-11) mau hiʻohiʻona ma mua a ma hope o ka mālama ʻana.
ʻO nā hoʻololi i ka EEG Coherence Data mahope o ka mālama ʻana
ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia nā loli o ka EEG koʻikoʻi i ʻike ʻia i kekahi o nā pre-treatment mua a i ʻole nā hoʻoponopono mua i ka mālama ʻana i ka pūʻulu IGD. Eia naʻe, he hopena nui o ka hui i mālama ʻia ma ka beta a me ka pāʻani gamma ma ka loiloi hope-mālama maʻi (Papaʻa 3 a me ke kiʻi 1). Ua hōʻike kūikawā, nā maʻi me ka IGD [M (SEM) = 53.66 (75.338)] i hōʻike i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka pilina o ka intrahemispheric beta i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me HCs [M (SEM) = 40.54 (77.143)]. ʻO ka koikoi ʻo Intrahemispheric no ka bandma gamma ua ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka poʻe maʻi me ka IGD [M (SEM) = 61.41 (126.700)] ma mua o HCs [M (SEM) = 46.51 (129.734)] i ka loiloi loiloi. Hoʻohui aku, e like me ka hōʻike o ka nānā ʻana i ka hoc, aia ka hopena o ka hui like o ka hui o ka ʻāina a i ke koikoi alpha akā ʻaʻohe ʻano nui.
Hōʻike 1. ^ E Ha yM. Nā hopena koʻikoʻi ma EEG intrahemispheric (A) nā beta a (B) ka lālani gamma ma mua a ma hope o ka mālama ʻana. *P <0.05.
kūkākūkā
I ko mākou ʻike, ʻo ia ka noiʻi mua loa e noiʻi i nā loli lōʻihi i ka pili pili ʻana e pili ana i ka hoʻohui ʻana e EEG pili ʻana i nā mea maʻi me ka IGD. Ua hōʻike nā mea komo me ka IGD i ka ulu ʻana o ka intrahemispheric EEG hoʻohui i loko o ka beta a me nā gamma ma ka pae. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole maʻamau i kēia mau ʻano abnormal phase synchrony ma hope o 6 mau mahina o ka pharmacotherapy, ʻoiai nā mea maʻi me ka IGD i hōʻike i nā hoʻonui nui i ko lākou mau hōʻailona IGD. Ka mea, pane kā mākou hopena e hoʻonui i ka beta a me ka gamma coherence i ka wā hoʻomaha hoʻomaha paha he mea koʻikoʻi neʻelima mau neʻe i lalo o ka maʻi me ka IGD.
Ua hōʻike ka pūʻulu o ka IGD nui i ka neʻe o ka wikiwiki intrahemispheric wikiwiki i mua o ka hui o HC i ka pae kahua. Manaʻo ka hana ʻo Beta ma ka hoʻomaha ʻO EEG e noʻonoʻo i ka mea maʻi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻohana a he mākaʻikaʻi electrophysiological o ka hyperexcitability ma muli o kahi hana hoʻowalewale-pale i loko o ka lolo.34, 35). Hoʻonui ka nui o ka koina intrahemispheric beta i pili i ka nāwaliwali o ka IGD (17, 36). Zai e paaa wao, Youh et al. (17) hōʻike aku i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka pilina ko beta ma ka ʻaoʻao frontotemporal i mea maʻamau i nā maʻi nā maʻi me ka comorbid IGD a me nā maʻi nui koʻikoʻi (MDD) i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me MDD wale nō. Ua hōʻike aku nā mea kākau e hoʻomohala i ka pili ʻana o ka beta me ka nui o ka pāʻani pūnaewele ma ka hōʻike ʻana i ka hoʻonohonoho neural neural ma waena o nā wahi lolo i ka poʻe maʻi me ka IGD.
ʻO ka hoʻonui pinepine EEG gamma ma mua o ka hana ʻana e kūlike me ka noiʻi ma mua.16). Manaʻo ʻia ka hana Gamma i ka ʻano like ʻole o nā hana neural, ʻoiai ke kālai ʻia ʻana a me ka hāʻawi ʻana aku i nā kumuwaiwai attentional.37-40). Ua hōʻike i kā mākou hui noiʻi i ka nui o ka gamma intrahemispheric coherence e pili ana i ka control disfunctional impulse, ke kaʻina uku, a me ka nui o ka hōʻailona IGD (16). Eia kekahi, Choi et al. (41) hoʻoholo i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana gamma i ka wā hoʻomaha kahi mea e pili ana i ka hopena o ka inhibitory a me ka trait impulsivity i nā maʻi me ka IGD. Lawe pū ʻia, ʻike kēia mau ʻike i ka like ʻole o ka synchrony neural kūpono a me ka hoʻopili hoʻohui ʻana i nā maʻi me ka IGD.
Ma hope o nā mahina o 6 o ka hoʻokele outpatient, hōʻike nā mea maʻi me ka IGD i ka holomua o ko lākou mau hōʻailona IGD i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka baseline, akā hōʻike mau ke ʻano o ka beta a me ka hana gamma intrahemispheric hoʻohālikelike ʻia me HCs. Ua hōʻike ʻia kekahi mau noiʻi e hoʻohana ana i ka SSRI e hōʻemi ana ka lāʻau lapaʻau i nā hōʻailona IGD (20, 42). Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Serotonin he hana nui i ka minamina, ke kaumaha, a me ka impulsivity (43). No laila, ʻike ʻia ka hana me kahi SSRI e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka nui o ka IGD. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ka ʻikepili nei i nā holomua i ka koina paʻa intrahemispheric i loko o nā beta a me nā gamma ma hope o nā mahina 6 o ka mālamaʻana SSRI. Hōʻike kēia mau mea i ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka piʻi ʻana o ka wikiwiki hiki ke hoʻolilo i kahi mākaʻikaʻi o ka hōʻailona pono o ka IGD ma mua o kahi hōʻailona mokuʻāina.
Ua pili i kēia haʻawina pili i kekahi mau palena. ʻO ka mea mua, hiki i kā mākou hopena ke palena iki i ka laulā nui no ka nui o nā mea i komo i kēia noiʻi ʻana a ua komo wale nō nā kāne male. ʻO ka lua, ua hoʻohana ʻia kēia haʻawina i ka mālama maʻi outpatient maʻamau ma mua o nā ʻano hana ʻano i hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia. Eia naʻe, ua pili kēia kēia noiʻi i nā loli i ka hoʻolālā synchrony pattern i ka poʻe maʻi me ka IGD ma mua o nā hopena hopena. No laila, ʻo nā noiʻi hou e pono ai i ke elucidate i ka hopena o ka lāʻau lapaʻau lapaʻau kūikawā i ka hōʻailona o ka neurophysiological hōʻailona o nā maʻi me ka IGD. ʻO ke kolu, ʻo nā mea maʻi a pau me ka IGD i komo i kēia noiʻi ua loaʻa i nā hōʻailona comorbid o ke kaumaha a me ka hopohopo, a he mau hopena paha kona. No laila, ʻike ʻia nā covariates psychological i ka loiloi hope e pale ai no kēia mau comorbid.
Ma ka holoʻokoʻa, ua ʻike ka haʻawina i kēia manawa, ma ka baseline, ua hoʻonui ʻia nā mea maʻi me ka IGD i ka koina o ka intrahemispheric wikiwiki i ka hui wikiwiki. Eia nō naʻe, ua mālama ʻia kēia pilina neural pono ʻole ma hope o nā mahina 6 o ka mālama maʻi outpatient, e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka beta a me ka gamma i ka wā hoʻomaha hoʻomaha hiki ke lilo i mea hōʻailona neurobiological no ka pathophysiology o ka IGD. E loaʻa i ka noiʻi ʻikepili i kēia kahi ʻike ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā ʻoihana neurophysiological i lalo o ka IGD.
Nā mea kōkua i kākau
J-SC a me SK i hana i ka hoʻolālā a me ke ʻano o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana. Ua lawelawe ʻo SP i nā kao a alakaʻi i ke kākau i ka kākau ʻana. J-SC alakaʻi a nānā i ka kākau ʻana o ka kākau ʻōlelo. Hāʻawi ʻo HR, J-YL, AC, a me D-JK i ka hana ʻana i kēia haʻawina.
hoʻolako 'ia o
Ua aʻo ʻia kēia aʻo ʻana e ka National Research Foundation of Korea (2014M3C7A1062894), ke Kupa o Korea.
Kōkua o ka'Āina Kuleana
Ua haʻi aku nā mea kākau i ka hanaʻana o ka noiʻiʻana ma ka nele o nāʻoihana pāʻoihana aʻoihana kālā paha i hiki ke manaʻoʻia he hopena kūpono e pili ana.
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