Nā manaʻo:ʻO ka hoʻolālāʻana heʻaneʻane o ka 3 a me ka 4th graders, a me ka hapalua wahine, akāʻo 9% i manaʻoʻia he mau mea wikiō. He aha ka pākēneke inā pahaʻo 7th a me 8th nā kāne keʻano o ka hōʻailona? Uaʻikeʻia hoʻi e hiki i nā keiki ke loaʻa kēia kuhiʻana me ka halaʻole o nā pōʻino
Pediatrics. 2011 Feb; 127 (2): e319-29. ʻO Epub 2011 Jan 17.
Na ke Akua, na Choo H, na Liau A, na a me na mea e, a me na mea e pili ana.
kahi
Ke KeʻenaʻOihana Hoʻonaʻauao, Ke Kulanui o nā Liberal Arts and Sciences, Ke Kulanui o nā Kulaʻo Iowa, Ames, Iowa 50011-3180, USA. [pale ʻia ka leka uila]
Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo
NĀ HANA HANA:
Hoʻolālā mākou e ana i ka hoʻomau a me ka lōʻihi o ka pilikia o ka pāʻani wikiō a me ka hoʻohana pūnaewele o ka Internet, e hoʻomaopopo i nā mea pilikino a palekana, e hoʻoholo ai i ka piliʻana o ka pāʻani pāpālua a pilikia paha, a me kaʻikeʻana i nā hopena no nā poʻe i hele a ho'ōki paha. nā mea pāʻani.
KANAKA:
ʻO 2-makahiki, ka lōʻihi, ua hanaʻia ka papahana papahana me kahi haumāna nui a me ke kula kiʻekiʻe o Singapore, me nā keiki 3034 ma nā kaha 3 (N = 743), 4 (N = 711), 7 (N = 916), a me 8 (N = 664). Ua hoʻonuiʻia kekahi mau kumu no ka hopena a me ka palekana no ka hoʻolālāʻana a iʻole e lanakila ana i ka pāʻani kino, e like me ka wiki o ka pāʻani pāʻani, ka pulunaele, ka pilikanaka, ka puʻuwai, ka phobia o ka lehulehu, ka hopohopo, a me ka hana o ke kula.
Nā hopena:
ʻO ke kaʻeʻana o ka pāʻani pāʻani likeʻole i kēlā me nā'āina'ē aʻe (~9%). ʻO ka nui o ka pāʻani, ka mākaukau o ka pilikanaka, a me ka nui o ka hana ponoʻole e like me keʻano o ka hopena no ka liloʻana i nā mea pāʻani, akāʻo ka puʻuwai, ka hopohopo, nā huahana a me ka haʻawina haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e like me nā hopena o ka pāʻani pāʻani.
Ka Hopena:
Hoʻohui kēia noi i ka ʻike koʻikoʻi i ke kūkā e pili ana inā "pāʻani" ka pāʻani wikiō e like me nā ʻano mea addication ʻē aʻe, e hōʻike ana hiki ke hala i mau makahiki a ʻaʻole wale ia he hōʻailona o nā maʻi comorbid..
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