Pak J Med Sci. 2020 Jan-Feb;36(2):229-233. doi: 10.12669/pjms.36.2.1061.
Javaeed A1, ʻO Jeelani R2, ʻO Gulab S.3, Ghauri SK4.
Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo
Pahuhopu:
No ka loiloi i ka pilina ma waena o ka addiction pūnaewele (IA) a me ka hana hoʻonaʻauao ma waena o nā haumāna haumāna o Azad Kashmir, Pakistan.
Pākuhi:
Ua hana ʻia kahi noiʻi ʻāpana e pili ana i nā haumāna olakino 316 o ke Kulanui Lapaʻau ʻo Poonch, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan mai Mei 2018 a Nowemapa 2018. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka nīnau nīnau Kauka Pūnaewele ʻo Dr. Young i mea hana o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻikepili. Aia i loko o ka nīnau ninaninau he iwakālua mau helu 5 Likert i nā nīnau pālākiō e loiloi i ka punaewele. Ua helu ʻia ka helu IA a ua ʻike ʻia ka pilina ma waena o IA a me nā hana a ka Spearman Rank Correlation test. Ua ʻike pū ʻia ka pilina ma waena o nā ʻano palena o nā haumāna lapaʻau a me IA.
Results:
Kanawalukūmāiwa (28.2%) haumāna haumāna olakino i hāʻule ma lalo o ka mahele o ka 'ōpikia koʻikoʻi' a ʻo ka mea nui wale nō ʻo 3 (0.9%) ʻaʻole i hoʻokikina pūnaewele e like me ka nīnau a Dr. Young. Ua ʻilihune nui nā haumāna lapaʻau i ka Internet i kā lākou hōʻike hōʻike (p. <.001). Hoʻokahi haneli kanakolukūmākahi (41.4%) haumāna me ka helu waena IA ma 45 i loaʻa ma ke kaha o 61-70% māka i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 3 (0.9%) haumāna me ka helu IA waena o 5, ua ʻoi aku ma mua o 80% mau māka.
Ka Hopena:
Ua hōʻike ʻia kēia noiʻi a me nā haʻawina ʻē aʻe ma mua e pili ana i ka hoʻohui ʻana ma ka pūnaewele me ka hana hoʻokūkū. Ke mahuahua nei ka nui o nā mea hoʻohana o ka pūnaewele, no laila e hoʻonui hou ʻia ka nui o nā mea hoʻohana pūnaewele. Inā ʻaʻohe hana e mālama i ka hoʻohui i ka pūnaewele, hiki i kahi hopena koʻikoʻi i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
KEYWORDS: ʻO ka hana hoʻonaʻauao; ʻAzad Kashmir; Pākuʻi Pūnaewele; KAP aʻo; Nā haumāna Kauka
PMID: 32063965
PMCID: PMC6994907
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