ʻO ke ola kino. 2018 Jan 11. doi: 10.1071 / SH17017.
Vidaña-Pérez D, Braverman-Bronstein A, ʻO Basto-Abreu A, ʻO Barrientos-Gutierrez I, Hilscher R, Barrientos-Gutierrez T.
Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo
Ka Ike: Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā pāʻani wikiō e nā keiki a me ʻōpio a i lilo i kumu nui o ka ʻike i ka ʻike pili i ka moeʻuhane. ʻOiai ke hōʻike nei i ka hana nui o ka pāpā i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā ʻano ka moekolohe a me ke ʻano, ʻoi nui ka uku no ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻike pili kino i nā pāʻani wikiō.
Pākuhi: Loaʻa ka ʻikepili e pili ana i ka ʻike a me ka helu no nā pāʻani wikiō 23722 mai 1994 a i 2013 mai ka waihona Pūnaewele ʻoihana Pūnaewele Hoʻolālā; hoʻokuʻu i nā lā a me nā ʻikepili ma luna ʻo 100 ke kūʻai aku nei i nā pāʻani wikiō. Ua kau ʻia ka hoʻolaha ʻia o kahi moʻomeheu o kēlā me kēia makahiki e like me nā helu helu. Kuhii nā hoʻohālikelike a me nā hoʻohālikelike me ka hoʻohana ʻana i hui pūnaʻi Joinpoint.
Results: Aia ka ʻike moekolohe ma 13% o nā pāʻani wikiō. ʻO nā pāʻani i helu ʻia ʻo 'Mature' ka prevalence kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻike moekolohe (34.5%) ukali ʻia e 'Teen' (30.7%) a me 'E10 +' (21.3%). Ma hope o ka holo ʻana o ka manawa, ua emi ka ʻike moekolohe ma ka mahele ʻo kēlā me kēia kanaka, 'E10 +' i mālama i kahi prevalence haʻahaʻa a ʻo 'Teen' a me 'Mature' i hōʻike i kahi piʻi nui. Hōʻike nā pāʻani wikiō ʻelua a me nā kiʻekiʻe ʻole i ka hoʻonui mau ʻana, me nā pāʻani wikiō kiʻekiʻe e kūʻai ana me 10.1% ʻoi aku ka ʻike moekolohe ma loko o ka wā o ka hoʻopaʻa.
Ka Hopena: I nā makahiki he 20 i hala aku nei, ua hoʻonui ka nui o ka ʻike moekolohe i nā pāʻani wikiō me ka helu ʻo 'Teen' a i ʻole 'Mature'. Pono nā noiʻi hou e helu i ka hui kūpono ma waena o ka ʻike moekolohe ma nā pāʻani wikiō a me ka moekolohe ma nā keiki a me nā ʻōpio.
PMID: 29321095
DOI: 10.1071 / SH17017
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