Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo
ʻO ka hoʻohui honua e ʻano he ʻano non-psychoactive dependence. Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻĀpuna Hoʻokomo Implicit Association (IAT) e ana i ka cognition implicit. ʻO ka hanana e pili ana i ka hanana (ERP) kekahi o nā hana e hoʻohana nui ʻia ana i ka noiʻi neuroscience cognitive e noiʻi i ka correlates physiological o ka hana cognitive e pili ana me ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka ʻike. Ke kōkua hou nei i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka ERP e pili ana i ka hoʻopoina kognitive cicititive i ka addiction pūnaewele e kōkua maikaʻi ana i ke hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke ʻano o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka Pūnaewele. Ua noiʻi kēia noiʻi i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka ERP pono o ka cognitive cognitive bias ma ka addiction pūnaewele. Ua komo nā poʻe komo me 60 Internet-addicted (IAG) a me 60 ka mana maʻamau (NCG). Ua helu ʻia nā mea āpau āpau me nā ERP e hoʻohana ana i ka IAT. Hōʻike nā hopena i loaʻa kahi ʻano nui loa o ka hopena IAT e pili ana i ka Pūnaewele i nā manawa kū i ka wā ma waena o ka IAG a me NCG, a ʻoi aku nā mea e pili ana i nā ʻoihana e pili ana i ka Pūnaewele pili i IAG ma mua o NCG. Ke hoʻohana nei i ka P1, N2, P3, a me N4 he mau ʻano hilinaʻi, he ʻano ʻai me ke ʻano like o variance (ANOVA) ma nā kikowaena inoa a me nā huaʻōlelo i hōʻike ʻia i kahi kamaʻāina nui ma waena o nā hui (IAG vs NCG) a me ke ʻano hoʻoikaika vs. nā hoʻohālikelike ʻokoʻa) no nā kaha N2 a me P3; Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hōʻike maʻalahi ʻana e ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nui o ka pā N2 a me P3 ma lalo o nā kūlana hoʻokolokolo IAG-kūpono ma mua o nā kūlana hoʻokolokolo IAG-kūpono ʻole. Ma ka hui o IAG, nā hui kūpono i hoʻopili ʻia me nā cues e pili ana i ka pūnaewele i loaʻa i nā nui N2 a me P3 i nā pūnaewele lobe occipital. Hōʻike kēia mau hopena i nā mea ʻimiʻauhau pūnaewele e hōʻike ana i nā ʻoihana kūpono i ka pūnaewele cues, a me nā hui kūpono e pili ana i nā pūnaewele pili i nā pūnaewele e pili ana i nā loli o ka ERP ma nā pūnaewele lobe occipital.
Introduction
ʻO ka hoʻoweliweli pūnaewele e pili ana i ka hoʻohana pūnaewele nui loa kahi hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ka ola o kēlā me kēia lā. Ma muli o nā noiʻi ma mua e hoʻohana ana i nā neuropsychological a me nā neuroimaging, ʻo ka hoʻowalewale pūnaewele kahi ʻano o ka hilinaʻi ʻole psychoactive (e like me ke ʻano o ka hoʻohaunaele ʻano) (1-4). I kēia lā, aia kahi manaʻo e loaʻa ai i ka hoʻohui ʻana ma ka pūnaewele me nā subtypes ʻehā: pāʻani pūnaewele, Pūnaewele Pūnaewele, Pūnaewele Pona pūnaewele, a me kahi kūʻai pūnaewele.5, 6); akā naʻe, ʻaʻole maopopo ka psychopathological a aetiological paha i ka hoʻohui i ka pūnaewele. Ke hoʻohana nei i ke ana o ka neuropsychological a me nā hana neuroimaging e wehewehe i ke ʻano o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka Pūnaewele.
ʻO ka cognition kaila he hua nui i loko o ka noʻonoʻo cognitive; e pili ana i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana, ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana, ka hoʻomanaʻo, ka naʻauao, ka noʻonoʻo ʻana a me nā hana e kū ana ma o ka ʻike ʻole (ʻike ʻole ʻia)7). Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina mua e pili ana i nā hui e pili ana i ka hoʻonaninani me nā loiloi hui hui paʻa i hiki ke hoʻokokoke a hoʻōla i nā hui mua i ke ʻano hoʻomanaʻo.8, 9). Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻĀpuna Hoʻokomo Implicit Association (IAT) e ana i ka cognition implicit. ʻIke ʻo IAT i kahi hana hoʻonaninani i ka manawa manawa e nānā ana i ka ikaika o ka ʻoihana hui ma waena o nā target bipolar a me ka nānā ʻana i nā kumumanaʻo e like me ke ʻano o ka kuhikuhi ʻana i nā biases implicit (10). ʻO IAT ka hana maʻamau maʻamau maʻamau o ka hui ʻana i ka hoʻomanaʻo.11, 12). Ua hōʻike ʻia he nui noiʻi ʻo ka cognition implicit he mea wānana no kekahi mau pilikia noʻonoʻo, e like me ka hilinaʻi ʻana o ka ʻona a me nā hilinaʻi o ka tapa.13, 14). No ka laʻana, ʻo nā noi i hala mua i hoʻohana i ka IAT e loiloi i nā hui kikowaena o ka taba, ka inu ʻawa, ka marijuana, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka cocaine, i hōʻike mai ai ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka IAT me nā mea hoʻohana like ʻole mai nā mea hoʻohana ʻole (15-18).
Ma muli o ke kūlana kūpono no ka psychopathology a me ka etiology, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka noiʻi ʻana o ka cicitition implicit, akā hoʻi i loko o nā pilikia noʻonoʻo. Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi i hala, ʻo nā hui maikaʻi ʻole ma waena o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka Pūnaewele a me nā pono aʻo e hoʻohua (19). E hoʻomaopopo i nā hana hiki i ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana o ka pono pūnaewele i loko o ka poʻe me ka hoʻolilo ʻana i ka pāʻani Pūnaewele, ua noiʻi kahi noi i ka hopena o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka pāʻani pūnaewele ma ke ʻano he kīwī pāʻani a ua manaʻo e loaʻa i kahi mea hoʻomau i ka pāʻani pili ʻana i nā pāʻani o ka pāʻani pūnaewele. hiki ai i ka cognition ka launa pū pū me ka pāʻani online20).
I nā makahiki i hala aku nei, ua loiloi nā hana o ka cognition base i ke kumumea waiwai me nā hana neuroimaging, e like me ka hana magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) a me nā mea e pili ana i nā hanana (ERP). No ka laʻana, hōʻike aku kahi loiloi mua i hana ʻia i nā hana neural e pili ana i nā kaʻina pili ʻana ma o ka fMRI o kahi ʻaka wai-IAT e pili ana i nā hopena maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻawa ʻana, a hōʻike ʻia nā hopena no ka striatum ke kuleana no ka hui ʻana o nā hui i lalo i ka hana. a ʻo ke cortex prefrontal ke kuleana no ka ʻaina o nā ʻona i hoʻomālamalama ʻia (9). ʻO kekahi noiʻi hou i hoʻohana ʻia ʻo ERP e noiʻi i nā pane o nā mea inu ʻawaʻī i nā kiʻi pili i ka waipiki a hōʻike ʻia ua ʻoi nā P100 nui i kiʻi ʻia e nā kiʻi pili i ka waipiki.21).
ʻO ERP kekahi o nā hana e hoʻohana nui nei ma ka noiʻi neuroscience cognitive e noiʻi i ka correlates physiological o ka hana cognitive e pili ana me ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka ʻike. Ma keʻano kūikawā, kūpono ka ERP i ke aʻo ʻana i nā mea e pili ana i ka wikiwiki o ka hana neural. ʻO ka nānā hou ʻana i ka hōʻike o ka ERP i ka hopena cognitive implicit i ka addiction pūnaewele e kōkua maikaʻi ana i ke hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke ʻano o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka Pūnaewele. I kēia lā, ʻaʻohe mea i hōʻike i nā noiʻi e nānā ana i nā hiʻohiʻona ERP o ka hopena cognitive cicititive ma ka addiction pūnaewele. Ma kēia noiʻi, komo nā mea komo i kahi hui pūʻali liʻiliʻi o ka Pūnaewele (IAG) a me kahi pūʻulu mana maʻamau (NCG). Hoʻopili ʻia nā mea āpau a me nā ERP e hoʻohana ana i kahi ʻike ʻike pūnaewele pūnaewele i IAT. Ua noiʻi ʻia ka noiʻi ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka ERP pono o ka cognitive cognitive bias ma ka addiction pūnaewele.
Nā Papahana
Ka manawa a me ka hoʻonohonoho
Ua aʻo ʻia kēia haʻawina ma Wuxi Mental Health Center, Jiangsu Province, China, mai Ianuali 2015 a hiki i Pepeluali 2018.
Nā ʻano hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻāpana
Pūnaewele Hoʻohui Pūnaewele
ʻO nā hōʻiliʻili diagnostic i hoʻohana ʻia no ka pili ʻana i ka Pūnaewele i kēlā mau kumuhana ʻelima:22); (II) 18 mau makahiki a ʻoi paha; (III) ʻaʻole i hoʻokō i nā pae hoʻohālikelike o kekahi o nā Diagnostic a me Statistics Manual of Mental Disorder-5 (DSM-5) axis I mau maʻi a me nā ʻano pilikino; (IV) ʻaʻole i hōʻike ʻia me ka paka a i ʻole ka hilinaʻi ʻana i ka waiʻona; a (V) ʻaʻole i hōʻike ʻia me kekahi mau maʻi ʻōnaehana kikowaena. Ua alakaʻi ʻia nā loiloi lapaʻau o nā kumuhana āpau e nā kamaʻāina psychiatric ʻelua e hōʻiliʻili i ka lāʻau ahonui a me nā ʻike sociodemographic a e hōʻoia a kāpae paha i kahi palapala hōʻoia diagnostic DSM-5 no nā maʻi noʻonoʻo a me kahi ʻano diagnostic no ka hōʻalo Pūnaewele; ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻowalewale pūnaewele o kēlā me kēia kanaka ma o kahi hōʻike retrospective. Koi ʻia nā mea noiʻi i ka poʻe mea hoʻowalewale pūnaewele e hoʻomanaʻo i ko lākou ola. Ua kiʻi ʻia nā mea komo IAG mai ka Wuxi Mental Health Center, Kina. Ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia he 60 o nā kānaka hoʻowalewale pūnaewele i loko o ka hui IAG, me 51 mau mea maʻi i waho a me 9 poʻe maʻi. ʻO ka hilinaʻi o kēia mau hōʻike ponoʻī mai ka poʻe me ka ʻikepili Pūnaewele i hoʻoholo ʻia e ka kipa ʻana i kā lākou mau hoanoho a me nā hoa aloha. ʻO nā kānaka me ka hoʻoweliweli pūnaewele i lilo i 11.48 h / lā (maʻamau maʻamau = 2.07) ma nā hana pūnaewele. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka noho pūnaewele ʻana i kēlā me kēia pule he 6.29 mau lā (ʻokoʻa maʻamau = 0.57).
ʻO ka hui ʻoluʻolu maʻamau
Ua koho ʻia nā mana maʻamau mai ke kaiāulu kūloko ma o nā hoʻolaha hoʻolaha kūloko. Ke hoʻomalu ʻia nā kaona āpau āpau e nā ʻunikua psychiatric ʻelua e hōʻiliʻili i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka ʻikepili socialodemographic a e hōʻoia a haʻalele paha i kahi ʻōlelo hōʻoia diagnostic DSM-5 no kēlā me kēia maʻi noʻonoʻo. Ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā mana maʻamau me ka nīnau nīnau Diagnostic Palapala Hoʻohālikelike no ka Pūnaewele Hoʻohālikelike e wehe i kahi maʻi o ka Addiction pūnaewele. ʻAʻole kūloe nā mana maʻamau mai ka noiʻi inā he mau mea kūpaʻa a i ʻole he maʻi kekahi o nā maʻi ʻōnaehana sentral. Ua ʻeono ʻia nā poʻe he kanaono ma o ka wahine a me nā makahiki me nā poʻe ma IAG a ua lilo ia ma NCG. E pili ana i ka haʻawina hoʻoweliweli pūnaewele mua (3), ʻo nā mana o ka maʻamau ka mea i hoʻolilo ma mua o 2 h / lā ma ka Pūnaewele ua waiho ʻia ma NCG.
Ma mua o ka hoʻokolohua, ua nānā hou kahi luna kauka pili psychiatric i nā ʻikepili o nā mea komo. Ua hoʻāʻo ʻia nā mokuʻāina manaʻo āpau me ka Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD, 17-item version) a me ka Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA). Ka unahi o ka lima Annett (3) ua hoʻohana ʻia e loiloi i nā lima āpau o ka poʻe i komo.
Ua loaʻa i nā kumuhana a me nā mana maʻamau nā palapala hōʻoia ʻatikala a hāʻawi ʻia i kā lākou ʻae hoʻomaopopo i kākau ʻia no ka komo ʻana i kēia noiʻi. Ua uku ʻia nā mea a pau i $ 48.39 me nā uku huakaʻi. Ua ʻae ke Kōkua Ethics o Wuxi Mental Health Center, Kina, i ka protocol no ka papahana noiʻi.
ʻO ka hōʻike neuropsychological
Pūnaewele pili pili pūnaewele pili
Nā hana kumuhana a me nā mana maʻamau e hana i kahi IAT pili pūnaewele. ʻO ka IAT e pili pū ana i ka Pūnaewele Ua haʻi ʻia mai kahi ʻāpana ʻawaʻawa i hana ʻia e Ames et al. ((9). ʻAʻole hoʻi nā kumuhana a me nā mana maʻamau i loaʻa i nā ʻōlelo aʻo i ka wā hoʻokūkū. Ua noi ʻia nā poʻe a pau e hele wikiwiki loa iā lākou. ʻO ka hoʻoulu ʻia e hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā hōʻike i hōʻike ʻia (nā kiʻi pili pūnaewele pūnaewele e pili ana i nā kiʻi mammal) a me nā kumumea i nā huaʻōlelo (nā huaʻōlelo maikaʻi a me nā huaʻōlelo koho pono). ʻO nā kumumanaʻo i koho ʻia (ʻeʻe mua) he ʻeono kiʻi pili pūnaewele pūnaewele a me nā kiʻi momi manu ʻeono, a ʻo nā helu kumuhana he ʻeono mau a me ʻeono kūmole huaʻōlelo (ʻelua mau huaʻōlelo hua ʻōlelo China) i koho ʻia ma o nā nīnau noi manuahi mai nā haumāna 180 undergraduate ( He haumāna haumāna kula kiʻekiʻe 40, 101 haumāna haʻahaʻa, a me nā haumāna puka puka 39). ʻEono kiʻi e pili ana i ka Pūnaewele, ʻeono mau kiʻi mammal, ʻeono maikaʻi, a ʻeono ʻāpana huaʻōlelo ʻole ʻeono. Ua hoʻohana nā haumāna he kanakolu i kahi ʻano pane pane 7-point Likert e helu ai i nā kiʻi e pili ana i ka pūnaewele i ʻeono ma kā lākou ʻike ʻana i ka Pūnaewele, a ʻo ka helu awelika ʻo 6.09 (standard dev = = 0.51). ʻO nā kiʻi e pili pū ana i ka Pūnaewele ua pili i ka icon WeChat, King of Glory (online-game) icon, ke poʻo Taobao, ka lāila Google Chrome, ka mea ʻike pūnaewele kiʻiʻikepili, a me ke kaha ʻo Tencent QQ; nā kiʻi mammal e kau pū ai kahi ʻīlio, Monkey, Horse, Pig, Sheep, a Dolphin. ʻO nā hua ʻōlelo maikaʻi ke komo pū me ka hauʻoli, hoihoi, hoʻoluʻolu, hoʻoluʻolu, hoʻāo a me ka pilina, a me nā huaʻōlelo hema ʻole e komo me nā huaʻōlelo maʻamau, Calmness, Impartial, Brown, Stationary, a me ka ʻOiaʻiʻo. Ua hoʻohana nā haumāna he kanakolu i kahi kikoʻāina 7 kahi nui mai 1 (ʻae ʻia loa) a i 7 (ʻaʻole kūmole) e helu i ka ulu ʻana o ʻeono maikaʻi a ʻeono mau huaʻōlelo kūlike; ʻO ka helu awelika o nā huaʻōlelo Positive ʻo 6.33 (standard dev = = 0.71), ka helu awelika o nā huaʻōlelo o Neutral ʻo 3.55 (standard deviation = 0.30).
ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o ka kiʻi pili pūnaewele Pūnaewele + i ka huaʻōlelo maikaʻi ma mua o ka mammal + kūloko huaʻōlelo kūpono i nā hoʻokolohua, aʻo nā hui o ke kiʻi mamalia + huaʻōlelo maikaʻi hoʻi e pili ana i ka Pūnaewele pili pūnaewele + ka huaʻōlelo hemahema ʻaʻole mau hoʻokolokolo.
Ua hōʻike ʻia nā ʻenehana kuhikuhi (ma o ka hoʻoulu koʻikoʻi) a me nā kaila huakaʻi ma kahi kiaʻi ʻana o 17-inch computer e hoʻohana ana i ka polokalamu E-Prime 2.0. ʻO nā huaʻōlelo ʻano nui (Laki 40) a me ka ʻulaʻula "+" (1.0 × 1.0 cm) i hōʻike ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao.
Ma kēia IAT, aia nā hoʻolaha ʻia 80 i nā poloka kūpono a me 80 i nā palaka paʻa ʻole. ʻO ka paio o nā hoʻokolohua kūpono a me nā hoʻokolohua kūpono ʻole i hoʻohālikelike ʻia, a ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā hoʻokolohua ma loko o nā poloka. ʻO nā pae hoʻokūkū hoʻonā. Ua hoʻohana ʻia kahi ʻulaʻulaʻula "i ka hōʻike o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana me ka hoʻomaka ʻana ma kahi 1.0 a hiki i 4.5 s, e ukali ʻia e ka hōʻike stimulus. Ka hōʻike kiʻekiʻe loa o ka hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua no 2 s. Aia he manawa intertribal (2 s) ma hope o ka mea i komo i kahi mea pane i pane kī, a laila ua pau ka hoʻokolokolo a hahai ʻia e ka hoʻokolokolo hou.
Waiho ʻia mai ka Ames et al. ((9), IAT e pili ana i ka Pūnaewele ʻo IAT nā palak i kēia: (I) kahi hana i kuhikuhi ʻia (hoʻokolohua 20), i ka wā hoʻokolohua, noi ʻia nā mea a pau e paʻi i ke kī A ke kiʻi pili pili pūnaewele, a pēpē i ke kī L no ke kiʻi makmal; (II) kahi ʻano hana ʻokoʻa (hoʻokolokolo 20), i ka wā hoʻokolohua, noi ʻia nā mea āpau e paʻi i ke kī A no ka huaʻōlelo maikaʻi a kaomi ʻana i ke kī L no ka ʻōlelo hōʻemi; (III) kahi pākeke kūpono me ka hoʻokolohua a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻano huakaʻi (20 mau hōʻike), i ka wā o ka hoʻokolohua, ua noi ʻia nā poʻe āpau e paʻi i ke kī A no nā hui hui ʻana i ke kiʻi pili o ka pūnaewele + a me ka ʻōlelo maikaʻi a kāomi i ke kī L no ka. mamola + huaʻōlelo; (IV) kahi pānaʻi pānaʻi me ka hōʻike ʻelua a me nā hoʻokolohua ʻano huapalapala (hoʻokō 60), i ka wā o ka hoʻokolohua, ua noi ʻia nā poʻe āpau e paʻi i ke kī A no ka hui ʻana o ke kiʻi pili o ka pūnaewele + ka huaʻōlelo maikaʻi a hoʻopaʻa i ke kī L no ke mamola + huaʻōlelo; (V) ka papa i koho ʻia i hoʻohana ʻia ma nā hana hoʻohuli i hoʻohuli ʻia (nā ho'āʻo 20); (VI) i kahi kūpono ʻole me ka papa inoa i hoʻohuli ʻia a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻano huakaʻi (20 hoʻokolokolo); a (VII) kahi pākahi i kūpono ʻole a me ke ʻano hōʻeu i hoʻohuli ʻia a me ka hōʻike ʻano huakaʻi (60 mau hōʻike) (Kuhi ʻO(Figure1).1). ʻO ka ʻike wale nō mai block block a me block VII wale nō no ka hoʻoili ʻana. E like me ka algorithm o mua i hana ʻia no ke kāʻina D-600 (23), ʻo ka IAG a me NCG nā palena pane i ʻokoʻa ka hoʻokaʻawale.
He kiʻi e hōʻike ana i ka IAT pili i ka Pūnaewele. , Hauoli; 平静, ke mālie. ITI, intertribal interval; ms, millisecond.
ʻO nā ana e pili ai ka hanana
ʻO ka helu ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana 10 / 20, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā electroencephalograms me ka hāmeʻa Stellate Harmonie Electroencephalogram (Physiotec Electronics Ltd., Canada) me ka pūnaehana Electro-Cap Electrode System (ECITM Electro-Caps, Electro-cap International, INL, USA). Ua hoʻopili ʻia nā lako pepeiao i nā pepeiao, a ua hoʻopili ʻia ka electrode ground me ka lae. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā electrooculograms pihi a me ke kuʻo ʻākau a ma lalo o ka maka ʻākau a ma ka ʻākau a hema a canthi ma waho. ʻO ka hopena inter-electrode ma lalo o 5 kΩ. ʻO ka kānana hele-pahi ka 0.05-100 Hertz (Hz), a me ka helu uku ka 250 Hz. Nā kānana electroencephalogram a me nā hawewe electrooculogram i kānana ʻia me ka kānana filter 0.01-40 Hz, 24 dB / oct. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā kumu hoʻouluulu o nā ERP e pili ana i ʻelua mau hoʻokolohua: nā hoʻokolohua kūpono (hui pū ʻia o ka pili pūnaewele ma ke ʻano + hua ʻōlelo maikaʻi ma ke ʻano mamalia + kīnā ʻole) a me nā hoʻokolohua kūpono ʻole (hui pū ʻia o ka kiʻi mammal + huaʻōlelo maikaʻi hoʻi i kiʻi ʻia i ka Pūnaewele pili pūnaewele. ʻ wordlelo pololei. Ua hoʻāʻo ʻia nā hoʻokolohua ma nā poloka 3, 4, 6, a me 7 no ka Pūnaewele pili pūnaewele pūnaewele no ka loiloi ʻana o ERP. ʻO ka hōʻoia ʻana o nā ʻāpana ERP i hilinaʻi ma ka latency ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻoulu ʻana, a me nā ʻāpana ERP i pili i nā amplitude o P1, N2, P3, a me N4. ʻO nā ʻikepili ERP mai e pili ana i kēia mau wahi ʻāina ʻeono, nā kahua elektroda 14 a pau, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia: nā pūnaewele lobe mua (F3, Fz, a me F4); ʻO nā kahua laikela parietal (P3, Pz, a me P4); kahua kikowaena waena (C3, Cz, a me C4); a waiho ʻia nā pūnaewele limahana temporal (T3) a me nā pūnaewele lobal ke kino kūpono (T4); a me nā pūnaewele lobe occipital (O1, Oz, a me O2). ʻO ka manawa ERP i kēlā me kēia kūlana hoʻoulu, ʻo 1000 milliseconds (ms) (me 200 ms ma mua o ka hoʻoulu ʻana, a me 800 ms ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka hoʻoulu. Ua ho'ākāka ʻia ka hāmeʻa ERP P1 ma kahi o ka negability ka piʻi ma loko o kahi puka aniani 0 – 150 ms latency window, ua wehewehe ʻia ʻo N2 ma kahi o ka pale kīnā ma loko o ka puka aniani 150 – 250 ms, i wehewehe ʻia ʻo P3 e like me ka hopena positivity i loko o kahi window 250-350 ms latency. a ʻo N4 ka mea i wehewehe ʻia ma ka puna kahi kiʻekiʻe i loko o kahi pukaaniani 350-450 ms latency.
ʻIkepili helu
Ua helu ʻia nā ʻikepili a pau me ka Huahelu Huahelu Huahelu a me nā polokalamu ʻ Xlelo helu 18.0 (SPSS 18.0, WIN version, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). ʻO nā hoʻohālikelike o nā hiʻohiʻona demographic a me clinical (ʻo nā makahiki hoʻonaʻauao, nā helu HAMA a me nā helu HAMD) ma waena o IAG a me NCG i hana ʻia me ka hoʻohālike kūʻokoʻa-sample t-ʻohana. ʻO nā hoʻohālikelike o ka hāʻawi lima ma waena o IAG a me NCG i hana ʻia me nā hoʻokolohua chi-squared. Hoʻohālikelike nā hoʻohālikelike o ka ERP ma waena o ka IAG a me NCG me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā helu ʻana i like me ka helu o ko lākou ʻano (ANOVA). Hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā pae o ke kūʻokoʻa o ka F F, e like me ke ʻano o ka Greenhouse-Geisser. Ua hoʻāʻo ʻia ka hōʻike pālua liʻiliʻi post-hoc loiloi, inā i hōʻike ʻia.
Results
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona demographic a me nā hōʻailona o nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona demographic o nā hiʻohiʻona āpau e wehewehe i ka Papa ʻOTable1.1. ^ E Ha yM. ʻAʻohe ʻano nui i waena o ka sex sex, ʻo ke ʻano o ka makahiki, ka makahiki, ka makahiki ʻo ke ʻano o ke kula, a me ka lima ma waena o nā hui ʻelua. ʻOiai ʻo nā hua ʻōlelo HAMA a me HAMD o IAG ua kiʻekiʻe loa ma mua o ka NCG, ʻaʻohe ʻano nui i ʻike ʻia ma waena o nā ʻano ʻelua.
1 Pūnaewele
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me ke ʻano lapaʻau o nā hiʻohiʻona.
| IAG | NCG | ʻO ka helu hōʻike | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Loaʻa Sex / M / F) | 60 (32 / 28) | 60 (32 / 28) | - |
| Kekuhi (SD) | 23 (5) | 23 (5) | - |
| ʻĀpana paʻa (R / M / L) | 23/15/22 | 22/17/21 | x2 = 3.60, p = 0.18, NS |
| Loaʻa makahiki | 18-28 | 18-28 | - |
| ʻAno makahiki (SD) | 10.3 (2.2) | 10.1 (2.2) | t = 0.585, p = 0.560, NS |
| Ka lōʻihi ʻana o ka hana (mahina, SD) | 35.1 (11.0) | - | - |
| HAMA (SD) | 9.4 (3.2) | 8.4 (2.8) | t = 1.762, p = 0.081, NS |
| HAMD (SD) | 15.2 (4.8) | 13.5 (5.1) | t = 1.928, p = 0.056, NS |
IAG, Ka hoʻohui hoʻohui pūnaewele; NCG, ʻEkali mālama maʻamau; M, kāne; F, wahine; SD, nā kūlike maʻamau; HAMA, Kaule Hairiu (Hamilton); HAMD, Hamilton Depression Scale; NS, ʻaʻole koʻikoʻi.
ʻO ka hopena IAT e pili ana i ka pūnaewele
ʻO ke ʻano D-600 ke ana no ka IAG he 0.3152 (ʻokoʻa hoʻohui = 0.3440), a me ke ʻano D-600 kumu no ka NCG ʻo 0.0625 (nā palena maʻamau = 0.2063). Hōʻike i kahi kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa t-ʻoi, he ʻokoʻa ka hopena i ka hopena IAT pili i ka Pūnaewele no ka manawa no ka hopena ma waena o ka IAG a me NCG, a hōʻike ʻo ia i nā ʻoihana e pili ana i nā lau e pili ana i ka Pūnaewele pili i IAG ma mua o NCG (t = 6.901, p = 0.001).
ʻO ka helu hapa no IAG ʻo 0.0251 (ka palena hoʻēmi = 0.0187), a me nā helu hewa no NCG ʻo 0.0260 (ʻokoʻa kūlike = 0.0191). Wahi a kahi kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa t-ʻa ʻole, ʻaʻohe mau ʻokoʻa nui o nā helu hewa no ka IAT e pili ana i ka Pūnaewele i mālama ʻia ma waena o IAG a me NCG (t = -0.356, p = 0.672).
ʻO ka nānā ʻana i nā ikepili pili i ka hanana
Hōʻike ʻia nā lewa inoa a me nā pālua o ka mea ERP (P1, N2, P3, a me N4) o nā mea a pau e hōʻike ʻia nei ma nā Papa ʻONā ʻleloXXUMUMX2-5 a me nā huahelu ʻONā huahelu22-5. ^ E Ha yM. Ka pakuhi o ke ʻano o nā nūhou e hōʻike ʻia ana e ka hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua IAG-i hoʻohālikelike, ka hoʻāla hoʻokolohua IAG-i hoʻohālikelike ʻia, hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua kūpono i loko o NCG, a me nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua NCG-i hoʻohālikelike ʻia ma Fz, Cz, Pz, T3, T4, Oz, O1, a me O2 i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi ʻOHōʻikeʻia ka Figure66.
2 Pūnaewele
ʻO nā latencies ERP P1 a nā mea komo a pau [mean (SD), ms] a me nā amplitude [mean (SD), μV] *.
| Nā wahi kūloko | IAG | NCG | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nā hoʻokolohua kūpono | Nā hoʻāʻo kūpono ʻole | Nā hoʻokolohua kūpono | Nā hoʻāʻo kūpono ʻole | |||||
| Nā kikowaena | Nā Kuiwai | Nā kikowaena | Nā Kuiwai | Nā kikowaena | Nā Kuiwai | Nā kikowaena | Nā Kuiwai | |
| Lobe poloka | 136 (10) | 3.5 (0.4) | 133 (10) | 3.4 (0.4) | 135 (10) | 3.3 (0.4) | 139 (12) | 3.5 (0.3) |
| Parietal lobe | 130 (15) | 3.5 (0.5) | 134 (9) | 3.5 (0.6) | 138 (11) | 3.5 (0.5) | 136 (11) | 3.7 (0.6) |
| Kikowaena waena | 137 (12) | 3.6 (0.5) | 136 (16) | 3.3 (0.6) | 141 (12) | 3.6 (0.4) | 133 (11) | 3.6 (0.6) |
| Lobe kūlohelohe (T3) | 130 (15) | 3.4 (0.5) | 140 (13) | 3.5 (0.5) | 134 (12) | 3.4 (0.5) | 136 (10) | 3.3 (0.8) |
| Lobe kūlohelohe (T4) | 135 (10) | 3.5 (0.4) | 135 (10) | 3.6 (0.5) | 133 (13) | 3.5 (0.6) | 135 (11) | 3.7 (0.6) |
| Lobe laupili | 134 (11) | 3.6 (0.7) | 132 (11) | 3.5 (0.6) | 138 (10) | 3.3 (0.5) | 132 (12) | 3.6 (0.6) |
5 Pūnaewele
Nā latencies helu ERP N4 āpau āpau [mean (SD), ms] a me nā amplitude [mean (SD), μV] *.
| Nā wahi kūloko | IAG | NCG | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nā hoʻokolohua kūpono | Nā hoʻāʻo kūpono ʻole | Nā hoʻokolohua kūpono | Nā hoʻāʻo kūpono ʻole | |||||
| Nā kikowaena | Nā Kuiwai | Nā kikowaena | Nā Kuiwai | Nā kikowaena | Nā Kuiwai | Nā kikowaena | Nā Kuiwai | |
| Lobe poloka | 405 (14) | -4.0 (0.6) | 403 (15) | -3.9 (0.7) | 403 (15) | -4.1 (0.8) | 400 (19) | -4.3 (1.0) |
| Parietal lobe | 400 (19) | -4.1 (0.8) | 402 (19) | -4.2 (0.9) | 401 (11) | -4.1 (0.7) | 405 (17) | -4.5 (0.8) |
| Kikowaena waena | 401 (17) | -4.0 (0.5) | 402 (17) | -4.2 (0.6) | 400 (19) | -4.3 (0.6) | 406 (14) | -4.6 (0.7) |
| Lobe kūlohelohe (T3) | 406 (15) | -4.3 (0.6) | 401 (13) | -4.1 (0.5) | 404 (16) | -4.2 (0.8) | 402 (18) | -4.1 (0.9) |
| Lobe kūlohelohe (T4) | 399 (17) | -4.1 (1.0) | 407 (18) | -4.2 (0.5) | 401 (17) | -4.0 (0.6) | 400 (16) | -4.0 (0.6) |
| Lobe laupili | 402 (18) | -4.3 (0.8) | 402 (17) | -4.0 (0.6) | 405 (18) | -4.1 (0.8) | 406 (16) | -4.2 (0.6) |
Ka pakuhi o ke ʻano o nā nūhou e hōʻike ʻia ana e ka hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua IAG-i hoʻohālikelike, ka hoʻāla hoʻokolohua IAG-i hoʻohālikelike ʻia, hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua kūpono i loko o NCG, a me nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua NCG-i hoʻohālikelike ʻia ma Fz, Cz, Pz, T3, T4, Oz, O1, a me O2 . ^ E Ha yM. I IAG, ma nā pūnaewele Oz, O1, a me O2, nā hui kūpono i hoʻopili ʻia me nā pūnaewele e pili ana i nā pūnaewele i loaʻa i nā nui N2 a me nā p3.
3 Pūnaewele
Nā latencies helu ERP N2 āpau āpau [mean (SD), ms] a me nā amplitude [mean (SD), μV] *.
| Nā wahi kūloko | IAG | NCG | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nā hoʻokolohua kūpono | Nā hoʻāʻo kūpono ʻole | Nā hoʻokolohua kūpono | Nā hoʻāʻo kūpono ʻole | |||||
| Nā kikowaena | Nā Kuiwai | Nā kikowaena | Nā Kuiwai | Nā kikowaena | Nā Kuiwai | Nā kikowaena | Nā Kuiwai | |
| Parietal lobe | 196 (14) | -3.6 (0.7) | 200 (12) | -3.7 (0.6) | 201 (8) | -3.6 (0.7) | 195 (13) | -4.2 (0.6) |
| Kikowaena waena | 203 (16) | -3.5 (0.9) | 199 (10) | -4.0 (0.8) | 197 (11) | -3.7 (0.5) | 197 (13) | -3.7 (0.8) |
| Lobe kūlohelohe (T3) | 195 (11) | -3.8 (0.5) | 198 (10) | -3.9 (0.9) | 199 (16) | -3.8 (0.7) | 202 (8) | -3.9 (0.9) |
| Lobe kūlohelohe (T4) | 194 (15) | -4.0 (0.8) | 195 (16) | -3.8 (0.6) | 201 (12) | -4.0 (0.4) | 198 (14) | -4.0 (0.8) |
| Lobe laupili | 197 (13) | -6.2 (0.9) | 196 (15) | -4.1 (0.5) | 197 (10) | -3.6 (0.6) | 194 (16) | -4.2 (0.8) |
4 Pūnaewele
ʻO nā latencies ERP P3 a nā mea komo a pau [mean (SD), ms] a me nā amplitude [mean (SD), μV] *.
| Nā wahi kūloko | IAG | NCG | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nā hoʻokolohua kūpono | Nā hoʻāʻo kūpono ʻole | Nā hoʻokolohua kūpono | Nā hoʻāʻo kūpono ʻole | |||||
| Nā kikowaena | Nā Kuiwai | Nā kikowaena | Nā Kuiwai | Nā kikowaena | Nā Kuiwai | Nā kikowaena | Nā Kuiwai | |
| Lobe poloka | 297 (18) | 4.5 (0.6) | 296 (15) | 4.4 (0.7) | 296 (18) | 4.5 (0.8) | 300 (9) | 4.8 (1.0) |
| Parietal lobe | 296 (19) | 4.6 (0.8) | 302 (12) | 4.7 (0.9) | 301 (11) | 4.6 (0.7) | 305 (17) | 4.9 (0.6) |
| Kikowaena waena | 301 (16) | 4.5 (0.9) | 299 (17) | 4.7 (0.8) | 297 (15) | 4.7 (0.6) | 297 (13) | 4.7 (0.7) |
| Lobe kūlohelohe (T3) | 295 (14) | 4.8 (0.7) | 298 (13) | 4.9 (0.9) | 304 (16) | 4.8 (0.7) | 302 (18) | 4.9 (0.9) |
| Lobe kūlohelohe (T4) | 294 (17) | 4.5 (1.0) | 303 (16) | 4.8 (0.6) | 301 (12) | 5.0 (0.6) | 298 (16) | 5.0 (0.6) |
| Lobe laupili | 299 (16) | 6.8 (0.9) | 302 (17) | 4.8 (0.8) | 297 (18) | 4.6 (0.9) | 306 (16) | 4.8 (0.8) |
Ke hoʻohana nei i ka P1, N2, P3, a me N4 ma waena o nā mea hoʻohālikelike, he ʻano hoʻohālikelike a 2 × 2 a me 6 ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā kikoʻī a me nā hōkuhi, a me ka hui (IAG vs. NCG) ma waena o kahi kumuhana a me ke ʻano hoʻoikaika nā hoʻokolohua a i ʻole nā hoʻohālikelike hoʻokolohua) a me nā wahi kūlima (frontal lobe, parietal lobe, central lobe, temporal lobe (T3), temporal lobe (T4), a me ka limu occipital) i loko o nā kumuhana-kumuhana, ua hana.
Hōʻailona P1
ʻAʻohe hopena koʻikoʻi no ka latency P1 a me ka hoʻonui.
Aila N2
ʻAʻohe hopena koʻikoʻi no ka latency N2. Hōʻike nā hualoaʻa i kahi kamaʻilio koʻikoʻi ma waena o ka hui (IAG vs NCG) a me ka kūlana stimulus (nā hoʻokolohua kūpono ʻole a me nā hoʻokolohua kūpono ʻole) [F(1, 119) = 32.76, p = 0.000]. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hōʻike maʻalahi ʻana e ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pā N2 ma lalo o nā kūlana hoʻokolokolo IAG-kūpono ma mua o nā kūlana hoʻokolokolo IAG-kūpono ʻole [F(1, 119) = 5.10, p = 0.018]. I IAG, ʻo nā hui kūpono o ka pūnaewele i nā cues e pili ana i ka pūnaewele e koi i nā nui N2 nui. Aia kahi hanana nui o ke kikowaena waena ma waena o ka hui (IAG vs NCG), ke ala hōʻeuʻeu (nā hoʻokolohua kūpono ʻole e kūlike i nā hoʻāʻo ʻana) a me nā wahi ākea (mua o ka limu mua, lula parietal, nā kikowaena waena, nā limahana temporal (T3), ka limu kino (T4) ), aiie me ka limu).F(4, 236) = 9.35, p = 0.000]. Ua hōʻike ka hōʻike maʻalahi ʻana i ka hopena ma waena o ka hui (IAG vs NCG) a me nā kūlana stimulus (nā hoʻokolohua kūpono ʻana a ʻo nā hoʻokolohua kūpono ʻole) ma nā pūnaewele lobe occipital [F(1, 119) = 29.78, p = 0.000]. Ma nā pūnaewele lobe occipital, ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā hoʻokolohua kūpono i IAG me nā pā nui N2 ma mua o nā hoʻokolohua IAG-kūpono ʻole. ʻAʻohe hopena koʻikoʻi i ka puʻu mua, parietal lobe, waena o ke kikowaena, nā limahana temporal (T3), a me nā kahua temporal (T4).
Hōʻailona P3
ʻAʻohe hopena koʻikoʻi no ka latency P3. Hōʻike nā hualoaʻa i kahi kamaʻilio koʻikoʻi ma waena o ka hui (IAG vs NCG) a me ka kūlana stimulus (nā hoʻokolohua kūpono ʻole a me nā hoʻokolohua kūpono ʻole) [F(1, 119) = 35.86, p = 0.000]. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hōʻike maʻalahi ʻana e ʻoi aku ka nui o nā P3 ma lalo o nā kūlana hoʻokolokolo IAG-kūpono ma mua o nā kūlana hoʻokolokolo IAG-kūpono ʻole [F(1, 119) = 6.47, p = 0.025]. I IAG, nā hui i hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia me nā cues pili e pili ana i ka pūnaewele i loaʻa i nā nui P3 nui loa. Aia kahi hanana nui o ke kikowaena waena ma waena o ka hui (IAG vs NCG), ke ala hōʻeuʻeu (nā hoʻokolohua kūpono ʻole e kūlike i nā hoʻāʻo ʻana) a me nā wahi ākea (mua o ka limu mua, lula parietal, nā kikowaena waena, nā limahana temporal (T3), ka limu kino (T4) ), aiie me ka limu).F(4, 236) = 8.65, p = 0.000]. Ua hōʻike ka hōʻike maʻalahi ʻana i ka hopena ma waena o ka hui (IAG vs NCG) a me nā kūlana stimulus (nā hoʻokolohua kūpono ʻana a ʻo nā hoʻokolohua kūpono ʻole) ma nā pūnaewele lobe occipital [F(1, 119) = 30.42, p = 0.000]. Ma nā pūnaewele limu i Occipital, ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā hoʻokolohua kūpono i IAG e pili ana i ka nui o ka p3 ma mua o nā hoʻokolohua IAG-kūpono ʻole. ʻAʻohe hopena koʻikoʻi i ka puʻu mua, parietal lobe, waena o ke kikowaena, nā limahana temporal (T3), a me nā kahua temporal (T4).
Aila N4
ʻAʻohe hopena koʻikoʻi no ka latency N4 a me ka hoʻonui.
kūkākūkā
ʻO kēia aʻo mua ka mea mua e hoʻohana ai i ka ERP e nānā i nā neural correlates o ka impl cognitive bias e pili ana i ka Pūnaewele pili pūnaewele i ka hoʻohui i ka Pūnaewele. Hōʻike nā hopena o kā mākou noiʻi i nā ʻoihana paʻa i nā pūnaewele e pili ana i ka Pūnaewele i IAG ma mua o NCG, a ma IAG, nā hui kūpono ʻole e pili ana i nā pūnaewele pili i nā pūnaewele nui e koi nei i nā nui N2 a me P3 ma nā pūnaewele lobe occipital.
Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina mua, ʻo ia hoʻi, e like me ke ʻano o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka hoʻonaninani, ua kaʻana like i ka Pūnaewele i nā ʻano psychopathological he nui me ka hilinaʻi o ka nui (1, 24).). Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina pili ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka hoʻoikaika a me ka nānā ʻana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻano hilinaʻi o nā mea, ʻo ia hoʻi ke kaʻina hana kogn, e hōʻike ana i nā hopena mālama kūpono no nā psychosocial a me ka interactions pharmacological (25).
Ua manaʻo kekahi nui o nā loea e lilo i nā hui i mea nui i ka waiwai a me ka hana hoʻomau.26).). I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua ʻike nā haʻawina he nui, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i IAT, inā he addict paha o ka hoʻoilina a me ke ʻano. No ka laʻana, ua hoʻohana kekahi noiʻi i ka IAT-Recoding Free (IAT-RF) e ana i ka hopena o ka wana e ʻike i ka hōʻulu hou ʻana i ka hopena o ka ʻona ʻawaʻawa me ka puʻe maikaʻi.27); kahi noiʻi mua, kahi i hoʻohana ai ʻo IAT i hoʻololi ʻia me nā kiʻi porno, ua noiʻi inā paha he tendencies male kāne heterosexual i hele i ka addiction cybersex (26).). Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina ʻelua ma luna nei i kahi hui kikowaena me ka hoʻolālā maikaʻi e hoʻokō koʻikoʻi i ka hana a me ke ʻano hana.
E kūleʻa me kahi noiʻi o mua, ua hōʻike ko kā mākou hopena i ka mea i loaʻa i ka Pūnaewele Hoʻohālikelike i nā mea pili i nā pūnaewele pili pūnaewele.
ʻO ka hopena pili i ka hanana he ʻano hana o ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka hopena no ka hana ʻana o ka lolo kanaka. No ka mea, ʻo ka ERP e hōʻike i ka wikiwiki o ka wikiwiki a me nā hana neurocognitive koʻikoʻi, kūpono ia e hoʻonui i ko mākou ʻike ʻana i nā hana lalo neural e hoʻololi nei i ka wā o ka hoʻomaka o ka waiwai a me ka hoʻohui lāʻau (25).
Ua noiʻi nā nui nui i nā huaʻōlelo ERP i ka wā i komo ai nā kumuhana i kahi hana IAT. Ma kahi noiʻi mua, ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻelua mau hōʻuluʻulu maikaʻi a me nā mea hoʻonaninani ʻelua i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e hoʻohana ʻia ma ka papa inoa inoa. Hōʻike nā hualoaʻa i nā pōkole pane pane pōkole no nā hoʻāʻo kūpono i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā hoʻohālikelike like ʻole, a ʻo nā hoʻokolohua kūpono i hoʻohālikelike ʻia e hana ai i nā loli hou i ke kikowaena a me nā wahi parietal i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā hoʻohālikelike like ʻole (28).). Ua hōʻike kahi haʻawina i ka wā e hana ai nā mea i kahi hana IAT, ua hōʻike nā ERP i hōʻike ʻia i kahi N2 ka nui i ka hoʻohālikelike hou ʻole ʻana, a ua hoʻihoʻi nei lākou i ka nui o ka ERP N2 amplitude e pane ana i ka nānā aku ʻana i ka pane nui (29).). Ua hōʻike ʻia kekahi ʻano noiʻi he nui nā wahi o ka lolo, e pili ana i ka medial frontal, cingulate, insular, left-temporal, a parietal cortex, ke kuleana no ka ERP N2- a me ka hana P3 e pili ana i ka wā i hana IAT (10).
Ma kēia noiʻi ʻana, ma lalo o nā kūlana hōʻeuʻeu o nā hoʻokolohua kūpono, ʻo nā hui maikaʻi i ka pūnaewele cues i pili i nā cues e pili ana i ka Internet e koi ana i ka nui o ka N2 a me ka P3 i nā pūnaewele lobe occipital i loko o nā poʻe hoʻohui i ka Pūnaewele. ʻOiai ʻo ka ERP maikaʻi ʻole i ka hoʻonā spatial, hiki iā ia ke hāʻawi i nā hōʻike e pili ana i kekahi cortices cerebral (e like me ka posterulate cingulate cortex) ma nā pūnaewele lobe ka limipital no ka hopena o ka pili i nā pūnaewele pili i ka poʻe Internet addictive.
ʻO ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo, ʻo nā mea pili me ka Pūnaewele Hoʻohālikelike e ʻike i nā ʻoihana e pili ana i ka Pūnaewele, a me nā hui maikaʻi i ke pūnaewele i nā cues e pili ana i ka Pūnaewele.
ʻO ka koho ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona ERP o ka bias cognitive implicit i ka addiction pūnaewele e kōkua maikaʻi ana i ke hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke ʻano o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka Pūnaewele; Eia kekahi, hiki i nā hopena ke hāʻawi i kahi kumu teorele no ka hoʻolālā ʻana i ka hiki ke pale a me nā hoʻolālā ʻana no ka hoʻohui honua.
Ke loaʻa nei kēia noiʻi kekahi mau palena. Ma ka lima hoʻokahi, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka nīnau noiʻi ʻo Diagnostic hoʻololi ʻia no ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka pūnaewele me he mea laʻa ka diagnostic no ka hoʻohui ʻana ma ka pūnaewele ʻaʻole pololei ia no ka mea o ka mea i hōʻoia ʻia he mea diagnostic mea hōʻoia. Ma kahi ʻē aʻe, e hoʻoholo ai i ka hana neurotic o ka hopena cognitive cicititive e pili ana i ka Pūnaewele pili i ka pili ʻana i ka Pūnaewele i ka pili ʻana i ka hoʻohui ʻana ma waena o ka hopena o ke kino a me ka hopena o ka spatial i ka neuroimaging; akā naʻe, hoʻolako ʻo ERP i kahi hoʻonā pilikino maikaʻi loa. Pono nā noi ʻana o ka wā e pono ai ka mea pono hana diagnostic e pili ana i ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka Pūnaewele a me fMRI e ana i ka hana o ka neurotic mekanism o ka bias cognitive bias ma ka addiction pūnaewele.
Ka mea kākau
Hoʻolālā ʻo ZZ a me HZhou i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana. ʻO LC, HZhou, YG, SW, JW, LT, HZhu a me ZZ i hana i ka hoʻokolohua. ʻO kā LC, HZhou, YG, SW, JW, LT, HZhu, a me ZZ i loiloi i ka ʻikepili a kākau ʻia i kēia puke. Ua apono ʻia nā mea kākau a pau ka hopena hope loa o ka kākau puke no ka paʻi ʻana.
Kōkua hoʻopiʻi kālā
Ua haʻi aku nā mea kākau i ka hanaʻana o ka noiʻiʻana ma ka nele o nāʻoihana pāʻoihana aʻoihana kālā paha i hiki ke manaʻoʻia he hopena kūpono e pili ana.
mau hoomaikai ana
Ua kākoʻo ʻia kēia haʻawina e ka National Natural Science Foundation, Kina (No. 81471354) a me Key Talents Project Foundation no nā Kauka lāʻau a me nā ʻĀina olakino, Kūʻai ʻo Jiangsu (No. ZDRCC2016019).
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