Hōʻalo ka poʻe mai ke kaiāulu e mālama nei i ka mālama ʻana i nā kiʻi ma mua e like me Sexaholics Anonymous (SA) a me nā mea lawehala i moe kolohe i ka moe kolohe, nā moe kolohe, a me nā ʻano. ʻO nā helu o ka hana hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka moekolohe (CSBD), ʻoiai ke hōʻike ʻia nei he nui loa ma waena o ka poʻe hana hewa ma mua o SAs. Ma kēia noiʻi ʻana, ua nānā mākou i nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka SAs a me ka mea hewa i CSBD a i nā hana e pae paha i ka kumu ʻo CSBD - nā hana ʻino e pili ana i ka pilikino a me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe, ka pau ʻole, a me ka ʻimi ʻana.
Ua loaʻa i ka haʻawina ka 103 lawehala, 68 SA, a 81 mau lawehala i hana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mau makahiki 18-74 mau makahiki, ka mea i hoʻopau iā lākou iho i nā hanana kūloko pono e pili ana i ka CSBD, nā hana kīnā, hana ʻole, a ʻimi no ka ʻimi ʻana.
ʻOi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o SAs ma CSBD, he mau haki, ke kuhi, a me ka ʻimi ʻana ma ke ʻano he lawehala. Ua kiʻekiʻe aku ka poʻe lawehala ma ka CSBD a me ka hoʻopake ʻana ma mua o ka mea hana lawehala. I waena o nā hui āpau, ua pili nā papahana maladaptive me CSBD kiʻekiʻe.
E helu paha nā kumukūʻai o CSBD ma waena o nā SAs i nā ʻokoʻa ʻole o nā ʻōnaehana maladaptive. Ke kūkā nei mākou i ke ʻano o ka aʻo ʻana i ka ʻike ʻana i ka CSBD, ka hewa o ka moe kolohe, a me ke ʻano maʻi no CSBD a me nā hewa kolohe.
Ua komo i ka World Health Organization (WHO), i ka lā 11 o ka International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), i loko o ka Compulsive Sexual Behaviour (CSB) i kahi maʻi (i kapa ʻia ʻo CSBD; helu helu 6C72). He CSA ka maʻi paepae luhi e hōʻike ʻia e ka repetitive a me ka hoʻokūkū ikaika me ka moekolohe, ʻano hana, a me nā ʻano. ʻO Gola & Potenza, 2018; Kafka, 2010; WHO, 2018). ʻIke ʻia paha kēia maʻi ma ke ʻano he ʻano hoʻopulapula non-paraphilic (ʻo ia hoʻi, ka moe kolohe non-paraphilic; ʻO Efrati, Gerber, & Tolmacz, 2019) nā mea i hāpai i ka maʻi i mea e like me nā mea kū i ka lima nui o nā hiʻohiʻona (neuroticism, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, a openness to experience) and impulsiveness with those addictedous exogenous psychoactive ((Zilberman, Yadid, Efrati, Neumark, & Rassovsky, 2018). ʻO ka wehewehe o ka addict non-paraphilic sex addiction (eg,; Carnes, 2000; Goodman, 1998) a me CSBD (eg,. Kafka, 2010) nā mea like pū kekahi. ʻO ka mea ma kēia hope nei, ua hōʻike ka noiʻi ma CSBD, ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, nā poʻe mai ke kaiāulu e ʻimi ana i ka mālama ʻana i nā frameworks e like me Sexaholics Anonymous (SA) i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka CSBD (ʻO Efrati & Gola, 2018; ʻO Efrati & Mikulincer, 2018) a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o nā hewa lawehala (C. David, kamaʻilio pilikino mai nā lawelawe SA, 2017). Ma kekahiʻaoʻao, loaʻa i ka mua o nā lawehala ka prevalance o CSBD (Hanson, Harris, Scott, & Helmus, 2007; Kingston & Bradford, 2013). ʻO kēia hoʻohālikelike ke hāʻawi nei i ke ākea ka lua o nā kānaka i ka wahine, nā moeʻuhane, a me nā moekolohe. Ma kēia noiʻi ʻana, makemake mākou e nānā i ka hohonu o nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o kēia mau lehulehu (i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana iā lākou i nā lawehala lawaiʻa) i nā clusters a CSBD a me nā ʻōnaehana i kumu nui o CSBD - nā hana kuhi hue e pili ana iā ia iho a me kekahi, ka impulsivity, a me ka sensation. ʻimi. ʻAʻole lākou e hoʻopili i ka ʻike pono ʻana i kēia mau lehulehu akā e ʻōlelo pū kekahi i nā ala hou no nā hōʻiliʻili o nā maʻi ʻē aʻe.
ʻO nā lawehala moe kolohe kekahi mau mea i hoʻopiʻi ʻia me ka hewa kolohe (e laʻa me ka exhibism, hoʻomāinoino keiki, a i ʻole ka pue wale), ua hana i kahi hana i hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia i loko o ka hihia i hoʻopiʻi ʻia, a i hana kolohe paha i ka makemake o ka mea i hōʻeha ʻiaʻO Gerardin & Thibaut, 2004; Miner et al., 2006; Thibaut, 2015).
He liʻiliʻi kekahi mau hoʻokolokolo hanahana e nānā ana i ka pālahalaha o CSB i ka poʻe lawehala. I ka mua, Carnes (1989) manaʻo e hōʻike ma kahi o 50% o ka poʻe lawehala e hōʻike i nā hiʻohiʻona hypersexual, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia i hāʻawi i nā hōʻike hōʻoia e kākoʻo ana i kēia kaha. ʻO nā haʻawina ma hope iho, ua kākoʻo pū i nā ʻōlelo hoʻopukapuka a Carnes. ʻO kēia ka manaʻo, Krueger, Kaplan, a me ka mua (2009) aia ua loaʻa he 33% o nā kāne i hopu ʻia no ka hewa wahine i pili i ka pūnaewele i loaʻa iā CSBD (ka mea i kāhea ʻia i ke aʻo ʻana, ka ʻano hypersexual). Kahiki (1990) ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hana moʻo iho hōʻike he 55% o kāna kiʻi o nā lawehala.n = 107) ua hoʻokō i nā pae hoʻohālikelike no ka hoʻā wahine, ʻoiai ʻaʻole maopopo kāna mau pae hoʻohālikelike a ʻaʻole i hōʻike ʻia ka hilinaʻi o kāna ʻike. Marshall a me nā hoapili (Marshall, Marshall, Moulden, & Serran, 2008; Marshall, O'Brien, & Kingston, 2009) ua nānā i ka ulu nui o ka lawaiʻa hypersexual e ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ana i ka hōʻike pilikino i nā hoʻohālike o ka poʻe lawehala e hoʻohālikelike ʻia a hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēia mau helu me nā mana o nā hui kaiāulu socioeconomically. Ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka ʻano Hypersexual me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka helu ʻoki hōʻoki ma ke ana o ka "hoʻohui wahine" (The Sexual Addiction Screening Test; Carnes, 1989). Ua kūlike nā hopena me nā ʻike i hōʻike ʻia e Krueger et al. (2009), Kāmena (1989), a ʻo Blanchard (1990), ʻo kēlā me kēia ka 44% o ka poʻe lawehala i manaʻo ʻia he hypersexual, aʻo 18% o kahi hanana kaiāulu socioeconomically kūpono i hui me ke kanaka. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo nā noiʻi hou e hoʻohana ana i nā ʻano ʻokoʻa a me nā hopena hou aʻe e nānā ai i ka CSBD ua loaʻa ka haʻahaʻa o ka CSBD ma waena o nā lawehala.
ʻO Kingston a me Bradford (2013), no ka laʻana, ua ʻike ʻia ma waena o 586 kāne lawehala kāne lawehala i hōʻino ʻia ka nui o lākou i hōʻike ʻia o ka wahine a me ka wahine.Kinsey, Pomeroy, & Martin, 1948) haʻahaʻa a ʻo 12% wale nō o kēlā me kēia kanaka i hālāwai me ke ana hoʻohālikelike no ka moekolohe (i wehewehe ʻia ma ke ʻano he 7 a ʻoi paha orgasms i kēlā me kēia pule). Hanson ma. (2007) ua hōʻike ʻo 11.3% wale nō o kā lākou hoʻohālike o nā kāne lawehala ma ke nānā ʻana i ke kaiāulu i hālāwai me ke kanaka no ka hoʻokamala pili i ka moekolohe. Ma ke noiʻi ʻana i kahi lā i hōʻike ʻia no 244 mau lawehala kāne male lawehala i hoʻopilikia ʻia i nā keiki keiki, ʻo Briken (2012) i hōʻike ʻia aia ma kahi o 9% wale nō i hālāwai me nā hōʻeha o ka maʻi diagnostic no ka maʻi hypersexual, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia i loko o nā koina DSM-5 i manaʻo ʻia. No laila, ʻoiai he mea lawehala ka wahine i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka wahine, he mea liʻiliʻi wale nō e hōʻea i ka maʻi maʻi o CSBD.
Ke hoʻohālikelike nei, nā poʻe mai ke kaiāulu e noi ana i ka mālama ʻana i nā frameworks e like me SA ka nui o ka prevalance kiʻekiʻe o CSBD (ʻO Efrati & Gola, 2018; ʻO Efrati & Mikulincer, 2018). Hana kikoʻī, Efrati a me Mikulincer (2018) loaʻa i kahi helu CSBD o 87.7% ma waena o SA ((e hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka huina o 4.3% ma ka nui kaiāulu nui), a ma kahi ʻano like ʻole, ʻo Efrati a me Gola (2018) kuhikuhi i ka helu CSBD o 82.6%. Kuhi ʻia kēia helu i ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana o ka hana moʻoʻōlelo pili ponoʻī e pili ana iā lākou (I-CSB).ʻO Efrati & Mikulincer, 2018), kahi e loiloi ai i nā pūʻulu ʻehā i ʻike ʻia o CSBD: (a) nā hopena i makemake ʻole ʻia ma muli o nā moekolohe - pehea e lawe ai ka moekolohe i ka ʻino iā ʻoe iho ma o ka hoʻonāukiuki ʻana i ke kino, ka noʻonoʻo, a me ka ʻuhane (Reid, Garos, & Fong, 2012) a i kekahi no kekahi e like me ka ʻohana (ʻO Reid, Kamana, Draper, & Manning, 2010), nā hoa aloha, a me nā hoa aloha (ʻO Reid, Garos, & Kamana, 2011); (b) ka nele i ka kaohi o ka lawena - ka hoʻopili mau ʻana me nā moemoeā moekolohe me ka ʻole o ka kaohi o nā manaʻo a me ka hōʻike ʻana i nā kiʻi pono ʻole. (c) hopena maikaʻi ʻole - manaʻo maikaʻi ʻole i hele pū me ka lawehala a me ka hilahila ma muli o nā moekolohe e hānai i nā manaʻo o ke kūpono ʻole; a (d) e hoʻopili i ka disregulation - pakele i nā moemoeā moekolohe a me nā ponokala kiʻi no ka ʻeha, ke koʻikoʻi, a me ke kaumaha. ʻO nā kumu hea ka helu no nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā lawehala kolohe a me SAs ma CSBD? I loko o kēia noi ʻana, hōʻike mākou i nā papa hana maladaptive e pili ana iā ia iho a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ka impulsivity, a me ka ʻimi ʻana i ka naʻau i mea nui i ka wehewehe ʻana i kēia ʻokoʻa.
Ua hōʻike pinepine ʻia nā poʻe me CSBD i ka cognition a me nā hoʻolālā hoʻokolohua kūlana.Kalichman et al., 1994; Kalichman & Rompa, 1995; Reid et al., 2011). No ka hoʻohālikelike, ʻo Paunovic a me Hallberg (2014) manaʻo e pili ana ʻo CSBD i ka pili ʻana i nā manaʻo maikaʻi ʻole a me ka hoʻopunipuni a me nā wehewehe pono e pili ana i ka moekolohe, koi, a me nā ʻano e hiki ʻole i kēlā kanaka me CSBD ke manaʻo e "ʻaʻole hiki ke kāohi aku i kaʻu ʻano moeʻuhane" a no laila "ʻo wau nō. ke kāne maikaʻi ʻole. " Kānā ʻia hoʻi nā poʻe me CSBD e paʻa i nā moekolohe moekolohe e pili ana i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ko lākou manaʻo ʻike no ka moekolohe, ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka hana pono ʻana no ka pale ʻana i kahi ʻano moe kanaka, ʻoiai ʻo ia ka hoʻēmi ʻana i nā pono o ka wahine (ʻO Kraus, Rosenberg, & Tompsett, 2015; ʻO Pachankis, Redina, Ventuneac, Grov, & Parsons, 2014). Eia kekahi, ʻo ka poʻe me CSBD paha e hōʻike i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka rumam a me ka rigidity cognitive e pili ana i ko lākou hiki ʻole e hoʻololi i kā lākou ʻano moeʻuhane, a laila hoʻoikaika i kahi ʻano o ka maikaʻi ʻole, hoʻokūkū ponoʻae, a me ka hemahema pilikino (ʻO Reid, 2010; Reid, Temko, Moghaddam, & Fong, 2014).
ʻO kēia manawa, ʻo Szumskia, ʻo Bartels, Beech, a me Fisher2018) e hōʻike i kā lākou Multi-Mechanism Theory of Cognitive Distortions ka manaʻo cortitive distortions i manaʻo ʻia he mea nui ia i ka etiology a me ka mālama ʻana i ka moeʻuhane kūpono ʻole a i ʻole kekahi ʻano kūpono o ka moe kolohe. He kuhi hewa nā kuleana a me / a i ʻole nā mea i hoʻokō ʻia i ka hanana ma mua o ka nui o ka mālama ʻana i ka lawena cognitive no nā lawehala.Maruna & Mann, 2006; ʻO Yates, 2013). ʻO kēlā mau manaʻo keu i kū mai mai lalo o ke ʻano cognitive schemas i hōʻike ʻia e ka noiʻi ʻana ke kumu nui o ka mālama ʻana i nā mea lawehala.ʻO Beech, Bartels, & Dixon, 2013; Maruna & Mann, 2006; ʻO Yates, 2013). Hiki ke wehewehe ʻia kahi schema i kahi ʻano cognitive e pili ana i nā hilinaʻi paʻa a me nā manaʻo hilinaʻi e pili ana iā ia iho, ka poʻe a me ka honua, a me ka hana e like me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi kuhi e alakaʻi i ka hana kuhi ʻana o nā hanana ola.Beck, 1995; ʻO Young, Klosko, & Weishaar, 2003). No ka laʻana, cognitive-ka hana kūpono ka manaʻo i mālama ʻia a e kākoʻo ʻia e like me ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻia o ka hōʻino ʻana i ka wahine. Hanson et al., 2002; ʻO Lösel & Schmucker, 2005), me he mea e pili ana i ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻano, ʻano noʻonoʻo, a me ka pane ʻana i ka hoʻopili pili i ka moekolohe. Me ka mea e ʻōlelo ʻia ana, hilinaʻi nui loa ka hopena o nā ʻano hana like ʻole i ka hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka mālama ʻana i nā cotitions didotected spesial of individual (eg, ʻO Yates, 2013).
ʻO ke ʻano nīnauʻolelo ʻo Young Schema (YSQ) kahi kumu o ka Maladaptive Schemas (EMSs) i hoʻomohala no ka hoʻomaopopo a me ka mālama ʻana i ka pilikia o ka noʻonoʻo olakino. ʻO ka kumu, kūkulu ʻia ka YSQ e Young (1990) no Schema Therapy, kahi mea hoʻohālikelike o CBT me nā ʻike mai ka pili paʻa, nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua, a me nā manaʻo no nā manaʻo koʻikoʻi o ka naʻau (ʻO Young, 1990). Hoʻohālikelike ke kumu hoʻohālikelike e pili ana i ka hoʻokokoke ʻana e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā papahana maladaptive i ʻelima mau kikowaena kikowaena: (a) ka hoʻokaʻawale / ke keʻena hōʻole (ʻaʻole hiki i nā poʻe me nā hoʻolālā i kēia kikowaena ke hana i nā paʻa paʻa a ʻoluʻolu hoʻi i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe); (b) ke kūlana kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa / kūlana hana (nā hoʻolālā mai kēia kikowaena e hōʻike i kēlā me kēia kanaka me nā pilikia e pili ana i ka pilikino a me ka mana kūʻokoʻa); (c) nā palena palena palena ʻole (nā poʻe me nā ʻōnaehana i kēia kikowaena e hōʻike nei i nā pilikia e pili ana i ka pānaʻi interpersonal a me ka hoʻoponopono pilikino); (d) kahi kikowaena ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe (nā hoʻolālā mai kēia kāʻei e hōʻike i nā poʻe e ʻimi mau ana i ka ʻae ʻia e kekahi); a (e) ma muli o ke kiaʻi / kūpale kikowaena (nā kānaka me nā hoʻolālā mai kēia kāʻei e kāohi i nā manaʻo a me nā impulses, e makaʻala mau ana me ka makaʻala). Ua hoʻokūpaʻa ʻia kahi noiʻi anamanaʻo hou a me ka nui nui i kēia mau kāʻei i kahi laʻana nui (clinical and non-clinical) sample (ʻO Bach, Lockwood, & Young, 2018). I kēia manawa, ʻike nā noiʻi ua ʻike ʻia nā kiʻi maladaptive mai kēia hiʻohiʻona e pili pū me nā hana ʻino i ke kāne kāne male.Sigre-Leirós, Carvalho, & Nobre, 2013) a me nā mea hana hewa i hoʻopiʻi ʻia (Chakhssi, Ruiter, & Bernstein, 2013). ʻOiai kēia mau loea pili i ka lawehala e pili ʻia ana i waena o ka poʻe lawehala, ke hoʻomau nei mākou e pili loa lākou i ke aʻo ʻana i CSBD a me nā poʻe me CSBD kiʻekiʻe e hōʻike hou aku i nā moʻowa pili i ka moekolohe. Ma waho aʻe o nā pilahi i hiki ai i nā manaʻo no nā ʻokoʻa ʻana ma waena o ka lawehala a me nā SAs, kahi hana ʻē aʻe paha e hoʻokuʻu ʻia he fulsivity a me ka ʻimi no ka ʻimi ʻana.
Ua wehewehe ka impulsivity i ka hiki ʻole ke pale aku i kahi kaʻe a hoʻokele paha me ka ʻole o ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i nā hopena kūpono maikaʻi ʻole (ʻO Moeller, Barratt, Dougherty, Schmitz, & Swann, 2001). Ma ka ʻokoʻa, ka ʻimi ʻimi o ka ʻimi no ka ʻike like ʻole, ka moʻo, paʻakikī, a me nā manaʻo ikaika a me nā manaʻo, a me ka makemake e hana i nā mea kūlohelohe kino, ʻona, kānāwai, a me ke kālā no ka ʻike. Ua hōʻike ʻia e ka noiʻi nā like neural e pili ana i ka makemake e ʻimi i ka hoʻoulu ʻana a hana maʻa mau.ʻO Holmes, Hollinshead, Roffman, Smoller, & Buckner, 2016).
ʻO Schiffer lāua ʻo Vonlaufen (2011) loaʻa i nā lawehala kolohe (keiki molesters) i ʻike i ka mea nui loa i loko o kahi hōʻike Go / No-hele (loiloi i ka hōʻino ʻana) ʻaʻole wale nō i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mana olakino, akā hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea hana hewa hoʻomāhewa ʻole. Ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ʻo Ryan, Huss, a me Scalora (2017) loaʻa nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka 417 lawehala kāne kāne (293 lawaiʻa wahine) ma ke ana o ka hopena o ka impulsivity a me ka ʻimi ʻana e ʻimi nei ʻaʻole i helu koʻikoʻi. Ua hoʻohui pinepine ʻia ka impulsivity a me / a i ʻole ʻimi ʻana i ka CSBD ma waena o ke kaiāulu. Ma keʻano kūikawā, ua ʻike ʻia nā noiʻi he mau loulou ma waena o ka CSBD a me ka hōʻike ponoʻī a i ʻole e pili ana i ka hana o ka impulsiveness (Antons & Brand, 2018; Miner, Raymond, Mueller, Lloyd, & Lim, 2009; Reid et al., 2011; Voon et al., 2014), a me nā ʻikepili ʻē aʻe (ʻO Walton, Cantor, Bhullar, & Lykins, 2017, 2018) ʻike i hoʻokahi hapakolu o nā kānaka me CSBD ka loaʻa ʻana o ka impulsivity ma mua o ka laulā o ka impulsivity maʻamau. Ma muli o ka impulsivity a me ka ʻimi ʻana e pili pono ana me ka CSBD a me ka liʻiliʻi o ka lawehala. Ryan et al., 2017), ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei mākou e loaʻa i nā SAs nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka impulsivity a me ke ʻano hoʻokaumaha e ʻimi nei ma mua o nā mea hana kolohe wahine.
I loko o kēia noi ʻana, ʻimi mākou e ʻimi hohonu i nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā lawehala kolohe a me SA i ka nui o CSBD, nā papa hana maladaptive, impulsivity, a me ka ʻimi ʻana i ka naʻau, a inā nā pilina maladaptive, impulsivity, a me ka ʻimi ʻimi e pili pono me ka CSBD kiʻekiʻe. E hana pēlā, ua laʻana mākou he 103 mau lawehala kolohe a me 69 SA a lawelawe i nā ana hōʻike pilikino o CSBD, nā papa hana e pili ana i ka moekolohe maladaptive, impulsivity, a me ka ʻimi ʻimi. E hoʻohālikelike i nā helu o kēia mau kūkulu ʻaʻole ma waena o kēia mau pūʻulu ʻelua, akā i kahi hui hoʻomalu, ua laʻana mākou i kahi hui o nā lawehala kolohe he 81. ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i kahi hui hoʻomalu (a kikoʻī i nā lawehala kolohe) he mea nui ia no nā kumu he nui: ʻo ka mea mua, e nānā i nā ʻokoʻa i ka CSBD, nā ʻano pili pili i ka moekolohe (ʻo ia hoʻi, nā hoʻolālā pili pili moe kolohe) a me nā kūkulu e pili ana (impulsivity a sensation ʻimi), he mea nui e ʻike i ka pae o kēia mau kūkulu i waena o ka pūʻulu e pili ʻole i ka moekolohe. ʻO ka lua, ke kūlana laulā i ka moʻomeheu criminological (ʻO Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1990; Lussier, Leclerc, Cale, & Proulx, 2007) paʻa ka loaʻa i nā mea like ʻole ma waena o nā mea lawehala (e like me nā mea lawehala a me nā mea hewa ʻole) nā mea lawehala he "loea" a ʻokoʻa nō ka ʻokoʻa ʻole o ka lawehala. Harris, Mazerolle, & Knight, 2009; ʻO Simon, 1997). ʻO ka laʻana, ma ke kākoʻo o ke kūlana laulā, he loiloi 10 mau makahiki i ka palapala mai 1995 a 2005 i loaʻa i nā liʻiliʻi o ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka poʻe lawehala a me ka poʻe hewa ʻole ma ke ʻano he nui o ka ʻano like ʻole o ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka hana kīlohelohe, psychopathology, hoʻohana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau , pili pū me nā mākua, a me / a me nā pilikia paha me nā pilina o nā hoa.van Wijk et al., 2006). No laila, he mea pono e nānā i nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka wahine a me ka lawehala ʻole e hōʻoia i ka pili ʻana i kā mākou hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻana i nā mea lawehala a me nā hewa ʻole.
I kēia noi ʻana, ua nānā mākou i nā kuhiakau ʻehā aʻe: (a) I ka mālama ʻana me ka noiʻi mua e pili ana i ka laha ʻana o CSBD, wānana mākou i ka piʻi pinepine ʻana o ka CSBD ma waena o SA ma waena o nā lawehala a me nā hana ʻino. wānana ʻia ka helu o CSBD e ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma waena o nā lawehala kolohe ma mua o nā lawehala kolohe. (b) ʻOi aku ka mākaukau o nā hoʻolālā maladaptive i waena o SA ma mua o nā lawehala a me nā lawehala. wānana ʻia nā papa hana e pili ana i ka moekolohe ma waena o nā lawehala kolohe ma mua o nā lawehala kolohe. (c) I ka mālama ʻana me ka noiʻi mua, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka impulsivity a me ka ʻimi ʻana i ka naʻau ma waena o nā SA ma waena o nā lawehala a me nā lawehala. ʻaʻohe ʻokoʻa i ka impulsivity a me ka ʻimi ʻimi e manaʻo ʻia ma waena o nā lawehala a me nā lawehala. (d) E hoʻopili ʻia nā hoʻolālā pili i ka moekolohe, ka impulsivity, a me ka ʻimi ʻana i ka naʻau me nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o CSBD, e hōʻike ana i ka pili o kēia mau hana i ka ʻike o CSBD, me ka nānā ʻole i ka pili o ka hui.
I ka hui lawehala, he poʻe 106 i paʻa i nā hui i mea e komo ai i ka ʻimi noiʻi o kēia manawa, ka mea o ka 103 i pane i kēlā me kēia helu (97% pane pane). I ka pūʻulu hewa lawehala, ua hoʻokokoke ʻia he 119 nā mea pio, kahi o 81 i hoʻi i nā protocol hoʻokolohua piha (68% pane pane). I ka hui SA, hele nā mea āpau i hōʻike i nā protocols piha (68 mau mea komo; 100% pane kāhea). Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻike o ka poʻe komo (nā makahiki, ka nui o nā keiki, a me nā makahiki o ka hoʻonaʻauao) i ka Papa 1.
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1 Pūnaewele. Means, na deviations maʻamau (SDs), nā helu helu univariate, a me nā hopena canonical no ka nānā ʻana i nāʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe o nā pae papa ma waena o nā pūʻulu hoʻopaʻa
| Laha hewa | SA | Hoʻokumu hewa nā lawehala | F(2, 250) | η2 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | |||
| makahiki | 43.57a | 16.59 | 32.26b | 14.98 | 35.67b | 9.98 | 11.08 *** | 0.11 |
| Ka helu o nā keiki | 2.48a | 2.45 | 2.22 | 2.55 | 1.54b | 1.66 | 3.94 * | 0.03 |
| Nā makahiki o ka hoʻonaʻauao | 11.78b | 2.47 | 13.58a | 4.04 | 10.76b | 3.06 | 8.11 ** | 0.10 |
'Ōlelo Aʻo. ʻO nā manaʻo me nā leka superscript like ʻole ʻokoʻa i p <.05 (eg, ke ʻano me ka huapalapala superscript "a" ʻokoʻa ma p <.05 mai ka poʻe me ka huapalapala superscript "b"). SA: Nā lālā inoa ʻole Sexaholic.
*p <.05. **p <.01. ***p <.001.
Ua paʻi ʻia nā nīnau nīnau i nā kope paʻakikī a mālama ʻia e ka poʻe noiʻi. Ua ʻae ʻia nā nīnau e nā komite e pili ana i ka ʻatikala o nā keʻena. A laila, ua hoʻokele ʻia nā nīnau nīnau i loko o nā pūʻulu mālama kāne lawehala ʻekolu i nā wahi like ʻole o ka ʻIseraʻela. I ka hōʻea ʻana o nā mea noiʻi i nā ʻoihana mālama lāʻau, ua mālama ʻia kahi hui nui o ka hui kahi i loaʻa ai ka manaʻo no ka noiʻi a me nā palapala noiʻi o nā komite noiʻi, me ka manawa e nīnau i nā nīnau, a me nā loiloi no ke komo ʻana i ka noiʻi, ʻo ia ka inoa. a me ka pono e hoʻopau i ka komo ʻana i kēlā me kēia manawa me ka ʻole e hāʻawi i ke kumu. Ua hōʻike ʻia kēia haʻawina ʻo ke aʻo ʻana i nā ʻano e pili ana i ka wahine. Pēlā nō, ua lawelawe ʻia nā nīnau nīnau i nā lawehala lawaiʻa ma nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka lawelawe paʻahao ʻo Israel Prison, ma hope o ke kaʻina hana.
Ua loiloi ʻia ka CSB me ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka Hebera i ka mana o I-CSB (ʻO Efrati & Mikulincer, 2018). Ua kūkulu ʻia ka I-CSB e loiloi i nā ʻokoʻa o ka CSB, e like me nā moekolohe, nā manaʻo moekolohe, a me ka hoʻolilo ʻana i ka manawa nui i ka nānā ʻana i nā ponokala kiʻi. He nīnau nīnau pilikino ka I-CSB me nā mea he 24 e ana ana i kēia mau mea: nā hopena i makemake ʻole ʻia (e laʻa, "ʻike wau ua ʻeha koʻu moekolohe i ka poʻe puni iaʻu"), ka ʻole o ka kaohi (e laʻa, "hoʻonele wau i ka manawa me kaʻu mau moekolohe kolohe ”), hopena maikaʻi ʻole (e laʻa," ʻino wau ke ʻaʻole hiki iaʻu ke kaohi i kaʻu mau moekolohe "), a hoʻopili i ke kānāwai (e laʻa," huli wau i nā moemoeā wahine e like me ke ala e kū ai i kaʻu mau pilikia " ). Ke hoʻohana nei i kahi pālau Likert 7-point, ua noi ʻia i nā mea komo e helu i ke kekelē a kēlā me kēia ʻōlelo e wehewehe ai i ko lākou mau manaʻo [mai ka 1 (aʻole iki) to 7 ()nui loa)). Ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ka hoʻopiʻi i ka noiʻi ma mua o nā noiʻi non-hauoli e pili ana i ka poʻe non-Clinical populations a ma nā lehulehu o nā poʻe maʻi o ka papa o ka papa papahana ʻelua ʻumikumamālua (SAʻO Efrati & Gola, 2018, 2019; ʻO Efrati & Mikulincer, 2018). ʻO nā hua a Cronbach nā .93 no ka hopena i makemake ʻole ʻia, .94 no ka mālama ʻole ʻana, .88 no ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole, a .91 no ka hoʻopilikia ʻana i ka hoʻoponopono. Ua helu pū mākou i ka helu CSB āpau ma ka loaʻa ʻana o nā helu 24 I-CSB (Cronbach's α = .97).
ʻO ka YSQ-S3 kahi mea hōʻike pilikino 90-pono e hoʻopaʻa ana i ka 18 EMS. Ua lawe ʻia ka unuhi Hebera me ka ʻae ʻia ʻo Young, Sobel, Faust, Derby, a me Rafaeli (2010). Hoʻohui ʻia nā kumumanaʻo i ʻelima mau kāʻei kapu: (a) hoʻokaʻawale a hōʻole ʻia (me ka haʻalele / kūpaʻa, hilinaʻi ʻole / hoʻomāinoino, hoʻonele i ka naʻau, defectiveness / hilahila, a me nā kaʻawale / nā hana hoʻokaʻawale nohona), (b) hoʻopilikia ʻia ka mana kūʻokoʻa a me ka hana / kūpono ʻole, nāwaliwali i ka ʻeha ʻana - a i ʻole nā maʻi, enmeshment / undeveloped iho, a me nā skema holomua), (c) nā palena palena ʻole (e pili ana i ka pono / ka nui a me ka lawa ʻole o ke kaohi ponoʻī / hoʻoponopono pilikino), (d) nā kuhikuhi ʻē aʻe (e komo pū me ka hoʻokau ʻana, ka mōhai ponoʻī, a me ka ʻae ʻana i nā ʻimi ʻimi / ʻike e ʻimi nei i nā hoʻolālā), a me (e) ka makaʻala a me ke kaohi (ʻo ia hoʻi ka negativ / pessimism, kaohi ʻana i ka naʻau, nā kūlana paʻa ʻole / hypercriticalness, a me nā hoʻolālā hoʻopaʻi). ʻO kā Cronbach mau helu α no nā paukū pae mai ka .73 a i ka .88.
Zuckerman's (1979) Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka ʻimi ʻimi makemake e ana i ka pono o ka ʻimi no ka ʻimi ʻana a me ka hoʻokipa, ʻo ka makemake no nā manaʻo hou a me nā ʻike, ʻo ia ka ʻūhā o ka palaualelo, makemake e lawe i nā pilikia, a me nā mea e pili ana i ka hanana ʻano ʻole. Ma kēia hiʻohiʻona 40, e noi ʻia nā mea e kau i ka māka i ke kumu o ka mea a lākou i ʻae ai me ka mea ma kahi pae 7-kahi [mai ka 1 (mai ʻaelike ʻē) to 7 ()ʻae like)). Ma kēia noiʻi, ua hoʻohana mākou i nā mea 19, kahi nona nā unahi e ana i ka impulsivity a me ka ʻimi ʻimi. ʻO ka awelika no nā mea āpau ma kēlā me kēia kikoʻī, ʻo ka pihi o ka mea e komo ai, me nā helu kiʻekiʻe e hōʻike ana i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka impulsivity a me ka ʻimiʻimi ʻana no ka ʻike. Ma kēia noiʻi, ʻo Cronbach's α o .80 no ka inika impulsivity a .82 no ka ʻimi ʻimi o ka sensation.
Ua waiho ʻia ke ʻano noiʻi noiʻi a me nā mea noiʻi (ninaninau a me nā palapala hōʻoia) ma Beit-Berl's Institution Review Board (IRB) a me ka komite noiʻi noiʻi ʻo Israel Prison Service (helu helu: 47683817), ka mea i ʻāpono ʻia i ke aʻo ʻana. Ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ka poʻe pio i nā ʻōlelo komo a Israel Prison Service me he ʻāpana o ka koi a ke kōkau etika a me ka palapala hōʻoia. ʻO ka hihia o ka pūʻulu SA, ua lawelawe hoʻokahi ʻia nā nīnau nīnau, a ʻo ia ka mea noiʻi i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka ʻike ʻole ʻana o ke kaʻina a me ke kūʻokoʻa e pani i ke komo ʻana i kēlā me kēia manawa.
E nānā i nāʻokoʻa i ka wā o ka makahiki, ka nui o nā keiki, a me nā makahiki o ka hoʻonaʻauao ma waena o nā hui aʻo, ua hana ʻia mākou i kahi ʻano loiloi ʻana i ka ʻano like ʻole o nā hui (nā mea hana hewa, nā lālā, nā poʻe lawelima, nā lawelima lawaiʻa) me ke ʻano kūʻokoʻa. ʻO ke kumu, nā kūleʻa maʻamau, nā helu, a me nā hua hopena e hōʻike ʻia ma ka Papa 1. ^ E Ha yM. Ua hoʻoponopono ʻia ke ʻano nui o nā loiloi post-hoc e ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o Sidak.
Hōʻike nā mea hōʻike i nāʻokoʻa nui i nā kaʻina āpau. ʻO ke kikoʻī, ua ʻoi aku nā mea lawehala ma mua o nā hewa a me nā lawaiʻa o ka lawehala, a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā keiki a i nā lawehala hewa (akā ʻaʻole ʻo SA). Ua aʻo ʻia nā SAs ma mua o nā mea hana lawaiʻa a me nā lawelino.
A laila aʻe, ua nānā mākou i nā ʻokoʻa i waena o ka ʻohana ma waena o nā pūʻulu aʻo i ka hoʻohana ʻana χ2 hōʻike no ke kūʻokoʻa o nā ana me ka hoʻokolohua pololei a Fisher e hoʻokipa i ka ʻike nui. ʻIke mākou he ʻoi loa ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻohemo ʻana i waena o nā lawehala (37.4%) ma mua o SAs (4.5%) a i ʻole lawehala lawaiʻa (11.1%), χ2(4) = 31.91, p <.001.
E nānā i nā ʻokoʻa i nā clusters CSB (pili i nā hopena i pili ʻole i ka moekolohe, hopena pili, ʻaʻole hoʻokele, a pili i ka disregulation), ua hana mākou i ka nānā ʻana multivariate o variance (MANOVA) me ka hui (mau mea lawehala lawehala, nā lālā SA, ka hana hewa ʻana i nā mea hana hewa) ka kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa, ukali ʻia e ka loiloi ʻikepili (ʻike ʻia ʻo ka canonical regression) e nānā ai i ka ikaika o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma waena o nā hui. ʻO ke kumu, nā kūleʻa maʻamau, univariate statistics, a me nā nui canonical effects i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Papa 2. ^ E Ha yM. Ua hoʻoponopono ʻia ke ʻano nui o nā loiloi post-hoc e ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o Sidak.
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2 Pūnaewele. Means, na deviations maʻamau (SDs), nā helu helu univariate, a me nā hopena canonical no ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻokoʻa i ka ʻano hana hoʻohālikelike i waena o nā hui haʻawina
| Laha hewa | SA | Hoʻokumu hewa nā lawehala | F(2, 250) | β | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | |||
| Nā hopena i makemake ʻole ʻia | 2.19a | 1.20 | 5.18b | 1.34 | 1.63c | 0.98 | 195.11 *** | 0.89 |
| Hoʻomoʻa maikaʻi ka maikaʻi | 3.06a | 2.00 | 5.88b | 1.27 | 2.41c | 1.60 | 86.67 *** | 0.59 |
| Ka nele o kaohi | 2.08a | 0.99 | 4.75b | 1.66 | 1.80a | 0.98 | 135.79 *** | 0.74 |
| Hoʻowahāwahā ka disregulation | 2.03a | 1.17 | 4.99b | 1.59 | 1.53c | 0.68 | 185.41 *** | 0.86 |
'Ōlelo Aʻo. ʻO nā manaʻo me nā leka superscript like ʻole ʻokoʻa i p <.05 (eg, ke ʻano me ka huapalapala superscript "a" ʻokoʻa ma p <.05 mai ka poʻe me ka huapalapala superscript "b"). SA: Nā lālā inoa ʻole Sexaholic.
***p <.001.
Ua hōʻike ʻia ka loiloi e ʻokoʻa ka hui noi ʻana i ka multivariate factor o CSB, nā Pillai t = 0.68, F(8, 496) = 31.65, p <.0001. ʻO ke kiko kikoʻī, ua hōʻike ʻia ua hōʻike ʻia ua ʻoi aku ka nui a me ka manaʻo o nā lālā SA ma mua o ka moekolohe a me / a i ʻole nā lawehala kolohe. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā hopena i makemake ʻole ʻia e nā lawehala kolohe, hopena maikaʻi ʻole, a hoʻopili i ka disregulation ma mua o nā lawehala kolohe. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa ka lawehala a me nā lawehala kolohe i ka moekolohe e pili ana i ka moekolohe. Ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, ua kū mai nā ʻokoʻa ikaika loa i nā hopena i makemake ʻia e pili i ka moekolohe a pili i ka disregulation.
No ka nānā pono ʻana i ka hopena o nā hopena, ua ʻimi mākou i nā loiloi me kahi loiloi multivariate o covariance (MANCOVA) i kā mākou kuleana i ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā makahiki, ka nui o nā keiki, nā makahiki o ka hoʻonaʻauao, a me ke kūlana ʻohana. Loaʻa nā hopena like.
A laila, ua hana mākou2 kākuhi ʻia no ke kūʻokoʻa o ke ana (me ka hōʻike pololei o Fisher e hōʻike i ka ʻike nui) e nānā i nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā pūʻulu aʻo i ka pae nui o ka CSB lapaʻau. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā mea hoʻohālikelike i ka mea he 81.2% o nā SAs i loaʻa i ka CSB lapaʻau, ʻo 5.8% wale nō o nā mea lawehala a me 2.5% nā lawehala lawehala he CSB. χ2(2) = 156.95, ppololei <.0001.
E nānā i nā ʻokoʻa i ka EMS (disconnection and rejection, impaired autonomy and performance, impaired limit, other-directness, overvigilance, and inhibition), sensation seeking, and impulsivity, hana mākou i kahi MANOVA me ka hui (nā mea hana hewa i hana ʻia, nā lālā SA, a me ka hoʻomāinoino. lawehala lawehala) me ke kaawale kūʻokoʻa, ukali ʻia e ka loiloi ʻikepili e nānā i ka pili o nā kūʻokoʻa ma waena o nā hui. ʻO ke kumu, nā hoʻohālikelike maʻamau, univariate statist, a me nā nui canonical effects i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Papa 3. ^ E Ha yM. Ua hoʻoponopono ʻia ke ʻano nui o nā loiloi post-hoc e ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o Sidak.
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3 Pūnaewele. Means, na deviations maʻamau (SDs), nā helu helu univariate, a me nā hopena canonical no ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻokoʻa i nā loiloi maladaptive mua, ʻike ʻana, ʻimi a me ka impulsivity ma waena o nā hui haʻawina.
| Laha hewa | SA | Hoʻokumu hewa nā lawehala | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | F(2, 250) | β | |
| Hoʻopili a hōʻole ʻia | 2.44a | 1.01 | 3.59b | 1.22 | 2.04a | 0.78 | 36.09 *** | 0.57 |
| ʻO kahi noho aliʻi a me ka hana | 1.97a | 0.87 | 2.98b | 1.18 | 1.81a | 0.69 | 27.35 *** | 0.49 |
| Kau palena | 2.61a | 0.87 | 4.14b | 1.02 | 2.47a | 0.95 | 56.76 *** | 0.71 |
| ʻOkoʻa-kuhikuhi ʻokoʻa | 2.84a | 0.87 | 3.91b | 0.93 | 2.61a | 0.95 | 33.40 *** | 0.55 |
| ʻO ke kāohi a me ka pale | 2.94a | 0.86 | 3.78b | 1.02 | 2.84a | 1.02 | 16.82 *** | 0.39 |
| Loaʻa kaʻimi | 4.74a | 3.42 | 6.07b | 3.72 | 4.18a | 2.93 | 4.76 * | 0.20 |
| Ka Impulsivity | 1.80a | 1.82 | 3.82b | 2.11 | 1.07c | 1.18 | 38.17 *** | 0.58 |
'Ōlelo Aʻo. ʻO nā manaʻo me nā leka superscript like ʻole ʻokoʻa i p <.05 [eg, ke ʻano me ka huapalapala superscript "a" ʻokoʻa ma p <.05 mai ka poʻe me ka palapala superscript (s) "b" a me / a i ʻole "c"]. SA: Nā lālā inoa ʻole Sexaholic.
*p <.05. ***p <.001.
Ua hōʻike ʻia ka loiloi he mau ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hōʻailona o nā SA ma nā EMS (disconnection and the rejection, impaired autonomy and performance, impaired limit, other-directness, overvigilance, and inhibition) ma mua o ka moekolohe a me ka hana hewa a me nā helu kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻimi ʻimi e ʻimi huakai. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka lawehala ma ka lawehala ma mua o ka lawehala. ʻAʻole koʻikoʻi nā mauʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe. E nānā i ka kūpaʻa o nā hopena, ua hahai mākou i nā loiloi me kahi MANCOVA no ka mea i mālama mau ai mākou no ka hāʻawi ʻana o ka makahiki, ka nui o nā keiki, nā makahiki o ka hoʻonaʻauao, a me ke kūlana ʻohana. Loaʻa nā hopena like.
E nānā i ka manaʻo ʻana e pili ana i ka EMSs, sensation search, a me ka impulsivity e pili ana iā CSB, a me ka nānā ʻana inā he ʻokoʻa nā hui ma waena o kēia mau hana i waena o nā hui aʻo (nā mea lawehala, nā lālā SA, a me nā lawehala hana hewa), ua manaʻo mākou i kahi hoʻohālikelike hoʻokolohua multigroup. me ka hoʻohana ʻana iā MPlus (Muthén & Muthén, 1998–2010). Ma muli o ka hoʻoponopono kiʻekiʻe ma waena o ka EMS (rs> .75) a ma waena o ka ʻimi ʻana a me ka impulsivity (r = .53), ua hoʻohana mākou i ʻekolu mau mea latent: hoʻokahi kahi i hoʻoili ʻia ai nā kūkulu ʻehā o CSB, kahi i hoʻoili ʻia nā EMS ʻelima, a ʻo kekahi kahi e ʻimi nei i ka ʻimi a me ka impulsivity. A laila, koho mākou i ʻelua mau hiʻohiʻona. I ka mea mua, nā ala ma waena o EMS, ʻimi ʻimi, a me impulsivity a me CSB i koho ʻokoʻa ʻia no kēlā me kēia hui, a ʻo ka lua o nā ala like o kēlā me kēia hui i koi ʻia e like. He mea nui χ2 hōʻike no ka ʻokoʻa i ka kūpono o kēia mau hiʻohiʻona e hōʻike i nā kaʻina hana no kēlā me kēia hui aʻo. E ʻae kēia mau ʻōhua iā mākou e hōʻoia i ka hui o hypothesized ma waena o nā ʻano pili pili kelepaptive pili a me CSBD, ʻaʻole i kūkākūkā ʻia a hiki i kēia lā ma waena o ka poʻe lawehala, a me ka nānā ʻana a i ʻole ke nānā ʻana a i ʻole ka impulsivity e pili ana i ka CSBD nui aku.
ʻO ke kumu hoʻohālike kūpono i kūpono ke kūpono, 'ōlelo kaulike kūpono = 0.95, Tucker-Lewis index = 0.94, ke kuhi hewa wahi keke o ka palena = 0.05 (Kuhi. 1). Hōʻike ka hōʻike hoʻohālike e pili ana i kēlā me kēia hui haʻawina, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mau keehi ʻana, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka CSB (β = 0.43 no ka poʻe lawehala, β = 0.49 no nā SA, a me β = 0.45 no ka poʻe lawehala, ps <.001). ʻAʻole loaʻa ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o nā hui, Δχ2(2) = 0.5, p = .78. ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole pili ka kumu o ka ʻimi a me ka impulsivity me CSB i kekahi o nā hui (β = 0.01 no nā lawehala kolohe, β = 0.11 no SA, a β = −0.23 no nā lawehala kolohe, nā mea āpau. ps > .42). Ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, ua wehewehe ka hoʻohālikelike i ka 18.5% o ka ʻokoʻa o ka CSB ma waena o nā lawehala kolohe, 30.6% ma waena o nā SA, a me 20.0% i waena o nā lawehala kolohe.
Hōʻike 1. ʻO nā pilina ma waena o nā papahana maladaptive ʻokoʻa (EMSs), ʻimi ʻana i ka ʻimi, a me ka impulsivity a me ke ʻano hoʻomanawanui (CSB) ma waena o nā lawehala (Panel a), SAs (Panel b), a me nā mea hoʻonāukiuki (Panel c). Hōʻike nā hopena i kahiʻokoʻa o nā pūʻulu, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka maladaptive o nā kumu mua, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka pono kāne e koi ai
Ma kēia noiʻi, makemake mākou e noiʻi i ka hohonu o nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā mea hana hewa a me nā SAs ma CSBD a me nā ʻōnaehana e ulu ana i ke kumu nui o CSBD - nā hana maladaptive, ka impulsivity, a me ka ʻimi ʻana. Hōʻike nā hopena i kahi nui o nā loaʻa me nā hopena lapaʻau pololei no ka loiloi a me ka mālama ʻana i ka poʻe lawehala. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo CSB ma waena o nā mea lawehala, ʻoiai ke hōʻike pono nei, e kū wale nō i kahi mea liʻiliʻi, he nui wale nō ia o nā mea komo. He hopena like kēlā hopena me nā haʻawina mua (ʻO Briken, 2012; Hanson et al., 2007; Kingston & Bradford, 2013); ʻoiai i loko o kēia ʻatikala o kēia manawa, ʻike nui ʻia ka mana nui ma mua o ka mea i manaʻo mua ʻia. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā helu o ka CSBD ma waena o nā mea hana hewa i like me nā mea hana hewa hoʻohālikelike e hōʻike ana i nā lawehala e hoʻohiki ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka CSBD ma mua o nā kaohi. ʻOiai kēia ka hihia, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka ʻikepili I-CSB ua hiki i kahi ʻike hohonu o nā ʻano mea like ʻole o ka CSB ma waena o nā SA, nā mea hana hewa, a me nā mea hana hewa. Ma keʻano kūikawā, ua hōʻike ka hui kāne lawehala hou aku i nā pilikia i ka hoʻopiʻi ʻia ʻana o nā hopena i makemake ʻole ʻia o kā lākou lawenaʻa ʻana, ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole, a pili ʻia i ka ʻāhewa ʻana ma mua o ka lawehala lawehala (ʻoiai ʻo kēia mau pae āpau he subclinical). Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ua koho ʻia ʻo ia ka pūʻali hewa wahine mai ʻekolu o nā keʻena mālama like ʻole a no laila e manaʻo paha ka hewa a me ka hilahila a puni nā ʻano lawelima. Eia nō naʻe, kekahi o nā alakaʻi maʻamau o ka moʻo hewa lawehala (ka hoʻohālike o ka hoʻoponopono pilikino o Ward, Hudson, & Keenan, 1998) kau i nā wahi maikaʻi e hoʻopalapale, e pili ana i ka disregulation, a me ka hilahila hope loa i ke kikowaena o ke kaʻina hana ʻokiʻoki no ka ʻelua o nā ala ʻē aʻe ʻehā, a ʻo ke ʻike i kēia manawa e kākoʻo i ka hoʻohana mau ʻana o ia ʻano hoʻohālike i ka wehewehe ʻana a me ka hana ʻana me nā mea lawehala. . ^ E Ha yM.
Me ka ʻōlelo ʻana o ka lehulehu, ua ʻōlelo ʻia ke kaila o ka CSBD ma waena o ka poʻe lawehala. ʻO kekahi kumu kūpono no kēia mau ʻokoʻa i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o nā ʻōnaehana ma lalo o CSBD - nā hana maladaptive, ka impulsivity a me ka ʻimi ʻana - ma waena o nā SA mau ka poʻe lawehala. ʻO ke kākoʻo ʻana i kēia hoʻopaʻapaʻa ka pilina maoli ma waena o EMSs a me CSB no nā pūʻulu ʻekolu. Ua hoʻokau ʻia kahi pilina like ʻole no nā hui non-clinical (eg, Roemmele & Messman-Moore, 2011 ua ʻike ʻia kahi pilina ma waena o ka EMS ma waena o nā wahine a me nā hana kolohe hewa i ke ʻano, a ʻo nā wahine hoʻi e hakakā nei me ka male ʻana (McKeague, 2014). No laila, no ka mea pili nui nā kuʻikahi maladaptive me CSBD, a no ka mea ua ʻike nui ʻia i waena o SA, ʻo nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā pūʻulu i nā helu o CSBD, ʻaʻole ia he mea kupanaha. I ka ʻike, ʻaʻole e hoʻokaʻawale i nā kūlike ka hopena o ka CSBD lapaʻau ma waena o ka moekolohe a me ka hana hewa paha i ke kumu like - ka nele o nā ʻokoʻa i nā kumu pili i ka pili ʻana i ka moekolohe i kahi hui.ʻO Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1990; Lussier et al., 2007) a kū'ē i ke kūlana "tohunga loea, ma ka liʻiliʻi e pili ana i nā manaʻo kuhi hewa i ka wahine a me ka wahine lawehala.Harris et al., 2009; ʻO Simon, 1997).
E pili ana i ka mālama ʻana, ʻo ia paha ka hihia e hiki ai i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka schema therapy ke lilo i koʻikoʻi nui no ka mālama ʻana i nā mea ʻelua a me ka CSB a me ka poʻe hana hewa. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka noiʻi ʻana i ka huli ʻana i nā mea ʻike makai e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hana cognitive-behavior pono e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka recidivism ma waena o nā mea lawehala. ʻO Yates, 2013). Hoʻolako ʻia kahi ʻano loea e pili ana i ka mākaukau e hiki ai i nā poʻe ma lalo o ka hana ke hoʻololi i ka cognition, pāpaʻi, a me nā ʻano i lilo i mea i lilo ai i ko lākou mau ʻano hana hoʻomaʻamaʻa. ʻOiai ke kākau nei i hōʻike pono i ka mea nui o ka huli ʻana i nā kumu hoʻohālikelike.Beech et al., 2013; Maruna & Mann, 2006; ʻO Yates, 2013), ke hoʻohui i ka noiʻi o kēia manawa i ka ʻike i loaʻa ma o ke kuhikuhi ʻana i ka pilina pili ma waena o nā manaʻo mua a me nā ʻano o CSBs. Hōʻike pinepine nā manaʻo o ka hana hoʻokalakupua i ka makemake o ka poʻe hōʻino ke "hoʻoweliweli" i kā lākou mau mea make (eg, Na Knight & Prentky's, 1990 ka ʻauhau nui o nā lawehala male keiki a i ʻole ka maʻamau o nā kūʻauhau pilikino ma waena o lākou (ʻO Hanson & Morton-Bourgon, 2005). E hōʻike i ka noiʻi ʻikepili i ka mālama ʻana i nā EMS o disfunctional, ʻoi paha ka mea e hoʻopilikia i ka hiki ke leʻaleʻa i nā pilina pili ʻana, ʻo ia paha kahi mea nui i ka mālama ʻana.
No kahi laʻana, kahi hiʻohiʻona ākea o ka lawehala e pili ana i ka moekolohe me ka hoʻohana pono ʻana i ka terapi therapeutic, ʻo ka Pai Lives model (Ward & Gannon, 2006; ʻO Willis, Yates, Gannon, & Ward, 2013), hiki ke wehewehe i ka pilina. Hōʻike ʻia ka kumu hoʻohālike e hiki ke wehewehe ʻia ka hana ʻino ʻana i ka wā i ka ʻae ʻana i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā waiwai mua, nā waiwai i ʻimi nui a ka poʻe kānaka a pau. Kuhi ʻia kēia mau waiwai i ka pili ʻana, ka kaiāulu hauʻoli, ka maikaʻi loa, ke au ʻākana, a me ke ola (e komo pū ana i ke ola olakino, ka hana kino a me ka leʻaleʻa pilikino). Hiki i nā ʻāpana hoʻohālikelike ke komo i nā ala ʻelua i hiki ke loaʻa i nā waiwai mua, a me ka ʻae ʻana hoʻi i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka palena o nā waiwai mua. ʻO kahi kumu o ke ʻano kuhi o nā waiwai mua ka makemake e loaʻa ka hauʻoli a ʻoluʻolu paha, me ka makemake ʻole o ka loaʻa ʻana aku o nā waiwai a me ke ʻākana (ʻo ia ka mea e wehewehe i ka makemake i ke kolohe.) ʻAʻole pono ke kumu hoʻohālikelike maikaʻi maikaʻi e pili ana i ka etiology o kēia mau hewa, akā, ʻo ka noiʻi o kēia manawa e hoʻohui i ko mākou ʻike i ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā huahana mua like ʻole. Eia kahi kikoʻī, ʻo ke kumu o ka hōʻole ʻana a me ka haʻalele ʻana e kāpae i ka hiki ke hana i ka mahana, pili pono, a me ka hilinaʻi ʻana i nā pilina kanaka makua, me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ulu ʻana i ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ka moe kuhihewa, me ka makemake ʻole i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka pili. Ke kau nei i kēia kahua schema kikoʻī e hāʻawi i kahi ala olakino maikaʻi no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke ʻano o ka waiwai mua a hoʻomaikaʻi i nā mākau e hoʻomaʻamaʻa iā lākou.
ʻOiai ke kākoʻo ʻia kā mākou mau manaʻo nui, he nui nā palena e pono ai ka ʻae ʻia. He loiloi ka haʻawina, nāna i kāpae i ka hiki ke hāpai i nā hopena kumu i nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka SAs, ka wahine, a me ka lawehala hewa, a me nā pilina ma waena o nā kumu maladaptive, impulsivity a me ka ʻimi ʻimi, a me CSB. Eia kekahi, he homogeneous a ka ʻike noiʻi a me kahi moʻomeheu iʻokoʻa - Israelis. E nānā nā loiloi e pili ana i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka lāhui a me ka moʻomeheu e hōʻoia i ka hoʻohuli ʻana a me ka laulā nui o nā ʻike.
ʻOiai nā kaupalena o kēia noiʻi, ʻike mākou i kēia noiʻi he mea nui no ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka lawehala a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana mai nā kānaka me ka CSB lapaʻau. Hoʻomaka pū ʻia ka hoʻopaʻa haʻawina i nā wahi hou no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka therapeutic no nā SAs a me nā mea hana hewa.
Ua kōkua ʻo YE a me OS i ka noʻonoʻo a me ka hoʻolālā. Ua hāʻawi aku ʻo OS i ka ʻikepili hōʻiliʻili. Nā noiʻi RE i hoʻohui pū i ka manaʻo i ka pepa. Ua kōkua ʻo YE i ka loiloi helu helu, hoʻolako ʻia i ka helu, heluhelu a heluhelu pū i ka kākau ʻana ma mua o ka waiho ʻana.
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