ʻO J Behav Addict. 2019 Sep 11: 1-9. hoʻopiʻi: 10.1556 / 2006.8.2019.47.
Brahim FB1, ʻO Rothen S2,3, Bianchi-Demicheli F3, Ke Kulanui R1,4, Khazaal Y5,6.
Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo
NĀ HOPE A ME NĀ HANA:
Hoʻohui nui ʻia ʻo Cybersex i nā hopohopo e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana ma o nā mea paʻa. ʻO ka pahuhopu o kēia noiʻi e nānā i nā kuleana o nā motives a me nā makemake moekolohe i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka cybersex.
KANAKA:
ʻO ka hoʻohālike, ka 306 cybersex hoʻohana (150 kāne a me 156 wahine). ʻIke ʻia nā mea e komo ana me ka Compulsive Internet Use Scale (CIUS) i hana ʻia no ka cybersex, nā ʻĀina noiʻi ʻo Cybersex (hoʻomaikaʻi, kope, a me nā ʻano moʻomanaʻo), a me ka Sexual Desire Inventory-2.
Nā hopena:
No nā hui ʻelua, ʻo ka hana ʻana i ka motive me pili i ka helu CIUS. No nā wahine, ua loaʻa kekahi hui pū me nā motika hou i kahi i loaʻa ai kahi hui pū me nā makemake pilikino i nā kāne.
Ka Hopena:
Hōʻike ka hōʻike ʻana i nā ʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa o ka poʻe kōkua i nā helu CIUS pili ana i ka wahine.
KEYWORDS:
Uiui Ui o ka Cybersex; Pākuʻi Pūnaewele; limahana kikowaena manuahi; adda pūleo mākia; kuko wahine
PMID: 31505968
Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Cybersex i nā pāhana pūnaewele pili pono e pili ana i ka pūnaewele, e like me ka pona ʻana i ka pūnaewele, webcam, sex chat, online sex gaming, a me nā pāʻani (Döring, 2009; ʻO Wéry & Billieux, 2017). Ma kahi o nā hālāwai hoʻokūkū, hiki i ka cybersex ke hōʻoluʻolu i ka hālāwai ʻana i nā hoa aloha a me nā hoa aloha. Ua loaʻa nā hopena maikaʻi o ka cybersex (ʻO Grov, Gillespie, Royce, & Lever, 2011). No ka laʻana, hiki iā ia ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka moekolohe a hana wahine i mea e hoʻoikaika ai i ka moekolohe.Allen, Kannis-Dymand, & Katsikitis, 2017). Hiki iā ia ke kōkua pū i nā kāne me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka moekolohe a i ʻole ka ʻimi ʻana ʻana i nā hana pilikino.ʻĀpana, 2008; ʻO Philaretou, Mahfouz, & Allen, 2005).
Ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka cybersex e pili i ka hapa liʻiliʻi o nā mea kūʻai maʻa (Dufour et al., 2016; Frangos, Frangos, & Sotiropoulos, 2010; Kafka, 2010) a pili pū kekahi paha me ka pilikia psychosocial, pilikia i ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā kuleana o kēlā me kēia lā, a me nā pilikia no ka hiamoe.Grubbs, Volk, Exline, & Pargament, 2015; Karila et al., 2014). I loko o kekahi mau haʻawina e pili ana i nā kāne a me nā wahine, ʻo nā mea hoʻohana ma ka cybersex compulsive, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā kaohi, hōʻike i ka nui o ka nui a me ka cue ka noʻonoʻo hou mai ka nānā ʻana i nā kiʻi porn (Brand et al., 2011; Laier & Brand, 2014; Laier, Pawlikowski, Pekal, Schulte, & Brand, 2013; Laier, Pekal, & Brand, 2014). Eia naʻe, ʻoiai ke koʻikoʻi o ke kumuhana, ua aʻo ʻia i ka mea (Brand et al., 2011). Ma keʻano kūikawā, ʻike liʻiliʻi ka pili e pili ana i nā mea noʻonoʻo e hiki ai ke koi ʻia o nā mea hoʻihoʻi mākaʻi.ʻO Franc et al., 2018).
Loaʻa nā manaʻo Negative i hoʻopili ʻia me ka wikiwiki (ʻo ka leʻaleʻa e hana i ka hana ʻino i loko o nā kūlana olakino.)ʻO Wéry, Deleuze, Canale, & Billieux, 2018), ma ke ʻano he ala e kū ai i ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole. ʻO nā kumu, keu hoʻi e pili ana i ke kāʻe ʻana (ie, e pakele ai i nā pilikia o ke ola maoli), ʻike ʻia e hoʻohuli i ka hoʻohana lāʻau (ʻO Benschop et al., 2015), nā kāhiko hana (Billieux et al., 2011; ʻO Király et al., 2015; Zanetta Dauriat et al., 2011), a me nā puʻukū pīpī (Brand, Laier, & Young, 2014). Cybersex, a i ʻole a me ka masturbation (Putnam & Maheu, 2000; ʻO Wéry, Karila, Sutter, & Billieux, 2014), hoʻohana ʻia e kekahi poʻe me ka ʻoʻae i ka hoʻokele e hoʻokō i nā manaʻo maikaʻi ʻole (ʻO Barrault, Hegbe, Bertsch, & Courtois, 2016; Southern, 2008). Hoʻoulu a me nā manaʻo kūmau (ʻO Franc et al., 2018) hiki ke hana i kahi kuleana i ka cybersex hoʻoikaika. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina e pili ana i ka pili pūnaewele ma ke ʻano o nā kumu kūlohelohe (Sumter, Vandenbosch, & Ligtenberg, 2017) a me ka manaʻolana o ka ala maikaʻi i ka wā e nānā ana i ka porn (ʻO Young, 2008).
ʻO ka makemake o ka moekolohe kahi mea hoʻokū o ka ola moekolohe a me ka hana (Levine, 2003; Pfaus, 2009). Loaʻa nā hui maʻalahi i waena o nā makemake moekolohe a me nā kiʻi hoʻouluulu cybersex (Komisina o nā Kōkua ʻEulopa, 2002; ʻO Franc et al., 2018; ʻO Mark, Toland, Rosenkrantz, Brown, & Hong, 2018; Spector, Carey, & Steinberg, 1996), hōʻoluʻolu me ka hoʻonui ʻana a me ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i nā hopena o nā cybersex (Beutel et al., 2017; ʻO Reid, Li, Gilliland, Stein, & Fong, 2011). Ua ʻike ʻia kekahi noiʻi i nā nāwaliwali hou ma waena o nā cybersex coping motives a me nā makemake moekolohe, a ʻaʻohe hui ma waena o ka moʻo ʻana o ka moekolohe a me nā hana hoʻonanea honua.ʻO Franc et al., 2018).
ʻO ke kumu o kēia noiʻi e loiloi i ka manaʻo o nā kumu e pili ana i ka cybersex e pili ana i nā hana a me nā makemake pilikino i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka cybersex e hoʻohana ai i nā kāne a me nā wahine.
ʻO ka noiʻi ʻana ua hana ʻia ma ka pūnaewele ma o ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā hoʻolaha ma nā pūnaewele e pili ana i nā pūnaewele a me nā ʻaha kūkā me ka ʻae ʻana o ka poʻe webmaster. Ua manaʻo ʻia ia me kekahi makahiki 18 a i ʻole ma ke komo ʻana i ka hana pili pūnaewele. ʻAʻohe uku i mālama ʻia no ke komo ʻana i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻia.
Ma hope o ke kaʻina hana noiʻi, ua kaomi ʻo 761 i ka loulou a ua ʻae ʻo 605 e komo i loko o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana. Ua emi nui ka helu ʻana, a ʻo 358 o nā kumuhana 605 i hoʻomaka i ka nīnau nīnau hoʻomau i hala ma ka pauku data o ka demographic. Ma hope o ka nalo ʻana o nā waiwai i neʻe ʻia, ka helu hope loa o nā kumuhana 306, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā kāne 150 (49%) a me nā wahine 156 (51%). ʻO nā makahiki ma ka 18 – 69 mau makahiki, ka makahiki maʻamau 32.63 (± 10.83) mau makahiki. ʻO ka awelika makahiki o nā kāne he 33.44 (± 11.84) mau makahiki a ʻo nā wahine ʻo 31.86 (± 9.73) mau makahiki. ʻO nā poʻe o ka poʻe i komo mua mai Switzerland (68%), Farani (25%), Belgium (2%), Canada (1%), USA (1%), a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe. Ma kahi o 73% o nā poʻe e komo i kahi pilina. ʻO nā kānaka me kahi hanana heterosexual i hōʻike ʻia e pili ana iā 84% o ka laʻana, ka poʻe me kahi bisexual orientation e pili ana iā 12%, a ma kahi 4% i ʻōlelo he male lākou.
ʻO ka mahele mua o ka nīnau no ka hoʻopili i nīnau i nā ʻikepili i ka hiʻohiʻona sosiodemographic. ʻO ke koena o ka nīnau nīnau he ʻekolu mau hāmeʻa: (a) ka Compulsive Internet Use Scale (CIUS), (b) ke Kahu Pūnaewele Cybersex (CMQ), a me (c) ke Kahu Pūnaewele ʻIno Loa-2 (SDI-2).
Ua hoʻolālā ʻia ʻo CIUS e loiloi i ka hoʻohana pūnaewele addictive (Meerkerk, Van Den Eijnden, Vermulst, & Garretsen, 2009) a ua hōʻoia ʻia i kēlā me kēia. Loaʻa iā ia nā huahana 14 me kahi kiko 5-point Likert mai 0 (loa) i ka 56 (pinepine). Loaʻa mau ka CIUS i kahi hoʻonohonoho hoʻohui i nā ʻāpana like ʻana a me nā kumu (Khazaal et al., 2011, 2012; Meerkerk et al., 2009; ʻO Wartberg, Petersen, Kammerl, Rosenkranz, & Thomasius, 2014).). Hōʻike nā māka kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe i ka hiki ʻole o nā poʻe pane aku i kaupalena ʻole i kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana i ka Pūnaewele. E like me ka hōʻike ʻana ma nā haʻawina ʻē aʻe e nānā ana i ka pili ponoʻenehana pili pili pūnaewele.Khazaal et al., 2015), ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia ʻo CIUS e loiloi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mea e pili ana i ka cybersex.
No ka hōʻoia o nā CIUS i kuhikuhi wale i nā ʻano cybersex, ua huki mākou i nā mea a ka poʻe komo i ka manaʻo i ka manaʻo o ka ʻōlelo Internet ma ke kaona i hōʻike wale ʻia ma ka honua. ʻO ka CIUS a me nā mea waiwai i hoʻolālā ʻia e loiloi ai i ka hoʻoili pūnaewele ua loaʻa i ka hoʻomau pono le hoʻopaʻa i ke pāʻani ʻana i ka pāʻani a me nā pāʻani (Khazaal et al., 2015), a i nā mikina (Downing, Antebi, & Schrimshaw, 2014; ʻO varfi et al., 2019; ʻO Wéry et al., 2018), me ka loli ʻole o kā lākou wahi psychometric.
Kuhi nā huahana CIUS i nā hōʻailona maʻamau o ka hoʻohana pono ʻana i ka Pūnaewele i ʻōlelo ʻia i loko o ka puke, e like me ka nalowale o ka kaohi, preoccupation, withdrawal sintomas, coping, a me nā loli. Loaʻa ia ia ka hoʻomau maikaʻi me ka hoʻomau kūloko maikaʻi (Cronbach's α = .90; Meerkerk et al., 2009).
Hoʻomaopopo ka CMQ i nā kumu e pili pū ana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pūnaewele wahine (ʻO Franc et al., 2018).). Loaʻa ia nā mea 14 i helu ʻia ma kahi kiko 5-point Likert mai loa i i nā manawa a iʻole mau loa, kūkulu 'ia ma kahi o' ekolu mau kumu: Hoʻonui, Social, a me Coping. Kūlike ke kumu hoʻoikaika i ka pīhoihoi a me ka leʻaleʻa o ka moekolohe ma ka pūnaewele (ʻo ia hoʻi, "No ka mea hoihoi" a "no ka mea makemake wau i ka manaʻo") ʻO ke kumu kaiaulu e pili ana i ka pili i hiki ke ʻike ʻia e ka mea hoʻohana ma o ka honua uila e paipai a ʻae i nā moemoeā hohonu o kekahi (ʻo ia hoʻi, "E launa a makemake ʻia e nā poʻe ʻē aʻe" a me "E hālāwai me kekahi"). ʻO ke kumu ʻekolu e pili ana i nā hoʻolālā coping e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka cybersex ma ke ʻano he ala e pakele ai mai ka ʻoiaʻiʻo a me ka haʻalele ʻana mai nā hopohopo maoli (ʻo ia hoʻi, "ʻoluʻolu iaʻu ke ʻano maikaʻi ʻole wau" a "I mea e poina ai nā pilikia a hopohopo paha ”). Loaʻa i ka CMQ nā ʻano psychometric maikaʻi. ʻO Cronbach's α he .84 no ka helu mua, .73 no ka helu ʻelua, a .79 no ke kumu ʻekolu (ʻO Franc et al., 2018), nā mea e ʻae ʻia.
Hoʻohana ʻia ka SDI-2 e loiloi i ka makemake pilikino, i wehewehe ʻia ka makemake e pili ana i ka moekolohe.Spector et al., 1996).). ʻO ia kekahi o nā mea hana maʻamau maʻamau no ka loiloi o ka makemake pili kino (ʻO Mark et al., 2018).). Loaʻa iā ia nā huahana 14 e ana ana i ka nui a me ka koʻikoʻi o ka makemake i kahi paona 9-point Likert e hoʻomaka ana mai ʻaʻohe makemake i makemake ikaika ole mai ʻaʻole kūpono loa i nui loa. ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻomaka ʻia nā mea e helu ana i ka pinepine o nā hana moʻo i ka moekolohe ʻia o kahi ʻōmole 8-point Likert loa i nui aʻe i ka manawa hoʻokahi. ^ E Ha yM. Hiki ke hōʻuluʻulu ʻia nā mea e kiʻi i ka helu holoʻokoʻa a i ʻole ka hana i nā helu no kāna mau ʻāpana ʻelua: hoʻākoakoa ʻana). Ua pili ka makemake moe wahine ʻo Dyadic i nā huahana 1-9, me ka helu holoʻokoʻa mai 0 a 62, a me ka makemake hala wale i ka lua o nā mea 10 – 13, me ka helu hemo mai 0 a 23. Hoʻomaopopo ka Item 14 i ka nui a ka poʻe e hiki ai i nā mea hana ke hana ʻole me ka hana ʻole o ka moe kolohe a ʻaʻole ia no ka poʻe i kahi ʻole i ka mea ʻole i ka makemake a i ka dimadad. ʻO ka makemake kūʻokoʻa pili i ka nui o ka moe kolohe o ke kāne a me ka makemake dyadic e pili ana i ka neʻe ʻana o ka moekolohe ʻana me kahi hoa kāne (Spector et al., 1996).). Loaʻa ka SDI-2 i nā mau psychometric maikaʻi me ka hoʻomau kūloko o ka maikaʻi o nā mea ʻelua (.86 a .96, ia manawa; Spector et al., 1996).). Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina mua i nā ʻano psychometric paʻa ma nā hiʻohiʻona me nā ʻokoʻa like ʻole o nā ʻōlelo a me nā ʻano hana pilikino, e like me nā lesbi a me nā kāne male (ʻO Dosch, Rochat, Ghisletta, Favez, & Van der Linden, 2016; ʻO Mark et al., 2018).
Ma hope o kahi loiloi wehewehe ʻana, hoʻohana mākou i nā haumāna no ka haumāna t-ʻO ka hoʻolako ʻana i nā hoʻohālikelike o ka kāne a me nā loiloi a Pearson e hōʻike nei i ke loiloi ʻana i waena o nā hoʻololi. Ma kahi i nele ai nā ʻike, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā helu ma ka awelika o nā helu i loaʻa e kēlā me kēia kanaka no nā mea o ka subscale, a no ka helu keu inā ʻaʻole i nīnau mai ka nīnau. ʻO nā pane pane me kahi uku o nā pane i hala ʻole ma mua o 10% ua haʻalele ʻia.
Hana ʻia ka hoʻohālikelike hoʻokolohua Structural (SEM) me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka palena kiʻekiʻe. Ua manaʻo ʻia nā kūpono i nā maikaʻi inā inā i kokoke nā waiwai o ka hoʻohālikelike hoʻohālikelike (CFI) .90, ʻo χ2/df lākiō kokoke i 2, a me ke kumu kumu hewa o ka hoʻokokoke ʻana (RMSEA) <0.08 (ʻO Arbuckle & Wothke, 2003; Byrne, 2010; Hu & Bentler, 1999).). Ua hana ʻia ka noiʻi helu helu e hoʻohana ana i ka polokalamu TIBCO Statistica ™ 13.3.0 (TIBCO Software Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA) a me IBM® SPSS® Amos ™ 23.00 (IBM SPSS Software Inc., Wexford, PA, USA).
ʻO ke aʻo ʻia ʻana e like me ka Hōʻikeʻike o Helsinki. Na ke komite ʻatikala o nā Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Geneva University i hōʻoia i ka protocol. Ua hāʻawi ʻia nā mea komo i ka wehewehe piha ʻana i nā pahuhopu aʻo a me nā ʻano ma ka pūnaewele. No laila ua noi ʻia lākou e hāʻawi i ko lākou ʻae ʻia i ka ʻōlelo ma ka pūnaewele, kahi i ʻae ai iā lākou e pane pane ʻole ʻole ma SurveyMonkey.
Hōʻike ʻia nā hopena wehewehe i ka Papa 1. ^ E Ha yM. Hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia nā puʻina āpau. Pākaukau 1 Hāʻawi pū kekahi i nā coefficients a Cronbach i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻāʻo i ka hilinaʻi o nā unahi. Manaʻo ʻia kēia mau mea he maikaʻi inā ka coefficient α ka> .70, ʻo ia ka hihia ma aneʻi. Pākaukau 2 e hōʻike i nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka manaʻo kāne. Ua ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka poʻe kāne ma mua o nā wahine no nā kumu hoʻonaninani cybersex, a no ka wahine hoʻonaninani ʻo ka dyadic a me ka male wale (me ka nui o nā hopena). I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia o nā mea kōkua hoʻokahi me ka poʻe e noho pū ana me kekahi hoa hana, aia kekahi ʻokoʻa nui no ka makemake sex dyadic (41.64 vs. 46.23, t = −2.73, p <.01, me ka nui o ka hopena waena). ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike e ka moekolohe ʻaʻole i hōʻike i nā ʻokoʻa nui, ʻoiai aia ka manawa no nā mea komo i ka bisexual e hōʻike i ka makemake moekolohe a e loaʻa nā helu CIUS kiʻekiʻe.
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1 Pūnaewele. ʻO nā loiloi Descriptive o CIUS, CMQ, a me SDI-2
| Mākaukau [95% CI] | Median | SD | huahelu | ʻAukā | Kurtosis | d (KS) | Aloha Oe (p) | Loaʻa α ʻo Cronbach | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CIUS | 19.54 [18.16 – 20.91] | 19 | 12.20 | 0-51 | 0.19 | -0.92 | 0.08 | <.01 | .93 |
| Hoʻohui ʻia CMQ | 23.85 [23.04 – 24.66] | 25 | 12.20 | 8-40 | -0.36 | -0.23 | 0.08 | <.01 | .88 |
| CMQ pilia | 10.33 [9.91 – 10.74] | 11 | 12.20 | 4-20 | -0.15 | -0.66 | 0.10 | <.01 | .72 |
| Kākoʻo CMQ | 12.70 [12.15 – 13.25] | 13 | 12.20 | 5-25 | 0.06 | -0.85 | 0.08 | <.01 | .81 |
| SDI-2 | 64.25 [61.96 – 66.54] | 67 | 20.34 | 0-109 | -0.62 | 0.39 | 0.07 | <.01 | .91 |
| SDI-2 dyadic | 44.97 [43.48 – 46.47] | 47 | 12.20 | 0-70 | -0.88 | 1.07 | 0.08 | <.01 | .87 |
| ʻĀnakala SDI-2 | 15.60 [14.61 – 16.59] | 17 | 12.20 | 0-31 | -0.32 | -0.89 | 0.10 | <.01 | .93 |
'Ōlelo Aʻo. CIUS: Hoʻohana i ka Scale Pūnaewele Hoʻohana; CMQ: He nīnau nīnau ma Cybersex Motives; SDI-2: Hoʻonohonoho Pūnaewele Hoʻopiʻi-2; CI: kikowaena hilinaʻi; SD: ʻōleʻa kūlike; d (KS): ʻO Kolmogorov-Smirnov hōʻike hōʻike.
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2 Pūnaewele. ʻO nā hoʻohālikelike o nā helu CIUS, CMQ, a me SDI-2 ma o ka wahine
| E ana | kanaka | na wahine | Nui ʻāpana | t | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pili (SD) | Pili (SD) | (Cohen's d) | |||
| CIUS | 19.30 (11.18) | 19.76 (13.14) | -0.04 | -0.33 | .740 |
| Hoʻohui ʻia CMQ | 26.25 (6.66) | 21.55 (7.01) | 0.65 | 6.01 | .001 |
| CMQ pilia | 10.18 (3.47) | 10.47 (3.90) | -0.08 | -0.67 | .510 |
| Kākoʻo CMQ | 12.82 (4.81) | 12.59 (4.93) | 0.05 | 0.40 | .690 |
| SDI-2 | 71.89 (17.88) | 56.90 (19.90) | 0.74 | 6.92 | .001 |
| SDI-2 dyadic | 48.35 (12.30) | 41.73 (13.37) | 0.50 | 4.51 | .001 |
| ʻĀnakala SDI-2 | 19.02 (7.64) | 12.31 (8.64) | 0.76 | 7.18 | .001 |
'Ōlelo Aʻo. CIUS: Hoʻohana i ka Scale Pūnaewele Hoʻohana; CMQ: He nīnau nīnau ma Cybersex Motives; SDI-2: Hoʻonohonoho Pūnaewele Hoʻopiʻi-2; SD: ke kuhi kaulike.
No ka mea ʻaʻohe ʻike i nā ʻāpana CIUS ma waena o nā kāne a me nā wahine, ua ʻike mākou i ka mea ua laha ʻia e like me ka ulu ʻana o ka hoʻouluulu ʻana o ka cybersex (haʻahaʻa, maʻalahi, a me nā kiʻekiʻe). Ua hōʻike ʻia ka pae ʻana o nā mea a pau i nā hui ʻekolu (e ka tertiles) i ka hapanui o nā wahine ma ka haʻahaʻa a me nā pūʻulu koi e hoʻokūkū nui ai, aʻo nā kāne kekahi i ka hui o ka pāʻālua-ʻāpana (Papa 3).
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3 Pūnaewele. Nā hiʻohiʻona o nā hui ʻekolu o nā mea hoʻohana cybersex me nā helu haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, kūpono, a me ke kiʻekiʻe CIUS
| Nā helu CIUS haʻahaʻa (n = 105) | Kūlana CIUS ka māka (n = 102) | Ka helu CIUS kiʻekiʻe (n = 99) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| CIUS [ianeane (SD)] | 6.05 (3.84) | 19.48 (4.05) | 33.89 (5.28) |
| CIUS (i ka pae) | 0-12 | 13-26 | 27-51 |
| ʻAno [ke ʻanoSD)] | 32.68 (11.17) | 33.15 (11.90) | 32.06 (9.27) |
| I loko o kahi pilina | 67.62% (n = 71) | 75.49% (n = 77) | 74.75% (n = 74) |
| kanaka | 46.67% (n = 49) | 56.87% (n = 58) | 43.43% (n = 43) |
| na wahine | 53.33% (n = 56) | 43.14% (n = 44) | 56.57% (n = 56) |
| Ka hoʻonohonoho kūkākūkā | 86.67% (n = 91) | 84.31% (n = 86) | 79.80% (n = 79) |
| Ka hana ʻōpiopio | 3.81% (n = 4) | 6.86% (n = 7) | 3.03% (n = 3) |
| Hoʻolālā ʻo Bisexual | 9.52% (n = 10) | 8.82% (n = 9) | 17.17% (n = 17) |
'Ōlelo Aʻo. CIUS: Hoʻohana i ka Scale Pūnaewele Hoʻohana; SD: ke kuhi kaulike.
papaʻaina 4 Hāʻawi ka makana ma waena o nā helu CIUS a me nā kākoʻo CMQ a me SDI-2. Hōʻike nā hopena i nā hopena a koʻikoʻi a maikaʻi me nā lālā āpau. ʻO nā pilina ikaika loa i ʻike ʻia ma waena o ka CIUS hōʻailona a me nā māka no ka CMQ coping motives (r = .52, p <.001) a me nā kumu kaiāulu CMQ (r = .39, p <.001), a i kahi mea liʻiliʻi ma waena o ka helu CIUS a me nā mākia kumu hoʻonui hoʻonui (r = .28, p <.001).
|
4 Pūnaewele. Ka hoʻoponopono ʻana ma waena o nā helu CIUS, CMQ, a me SDI-2
| CIUS | Hoʻohui ʻia CMQ | CMQ pilia | Kākoʻo CMQ | SDI-2 | SDI-2 dyadic | ʻĀnakala SDI-2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CIUS | 1 | .28 *** | .39 *** | .52 *** | .16 ** | .15 ** | .14 * |
| Hoʻohui ʻia CMQ | 1 | .28 *** | .55 *** | .56 *** | .44 *** | .55 *** | |
| CMQ pilia | 1 | .58 *** | .16 ** | .17 ** | .10 | ||
| Kākoʻo CMQ | 1 | .22 *** | .20 *** | .19 ** | |||
| SDI-2 | 1 | .91 *** | .79 *** | ||||
| SDI-2 dyadic | 1 | .48 ** | |||||
| ʻĀnakala SDI-2 | 1 |
'Ōlelo Aʻo. CIUS: Hoʻohana i ka Scale Pūnaewele Hoʻohana; CMQ: He nīnau nīnau ma Cybersex Motives; SDI-2: Pono Hana Hoʻomoe-2.
*p <.05. **p <.01. ***p <.001.
papaʻaina 5 hōʻike i nā correlations e ka wahine. No nā wahine, aia kahi pilina koʻikoʻi ma waena o ka helu CIUS a me nā helu no ka ʻĀina c Coping coping (r = .51, p <.001) a me nā kumu kaiāulu CMQ (r = .49, p <.001), a i kahi mea liʻiliʻi ma waena o ka helu CIUS a me ka helu hoʻoikaika hoʻoikaika CMQ (r = .34, p <.001). ʻIke ʻia, ʻaʻole i loaʻa nā pilina koʻikoʻi ma waena o ka helu CIUS a me nā mea makemake moe kolohe.
|
5 Pūnaewele. ʻO ka hoʻoponopono ma waena o nā helu CIUS, CMQ, a me SDI-2 i nā kāne a me ka wahine
| ʻO nā kāne / wāhine | CIUS | Hoʻohui ʻia CMQ | CMQ pilia | Kākoʻo CMQ | SDI-2 | SDI-2 dyadic | ʻĀnakala SDI-2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CIUS | .26 *** | .25 *** | .54 *** | .30 *** | .25 *** | .28 *** | |
| Hoʻohui ʻia CMQ | .34 *** | .08 | .47 *** | .44 *** | .29 *** | .49 *** | |
| CMQ pilia | .49 *** | .50 *** | .41 *** | .05 | .09 | -.03 | |
| Kākoʻo CMQ | .51 *** | .65 *** | .74 *** | .15 | .09 | .18 ** | |
| SDI-2 | .09 | .55 *** | .29 *** | .30 *** | .91 *** | .76 *** | |
| SDI-2 dyadic | .09 | .48 *** | .27 ** | .29 *** | .91 *** | .42 *** | |
| ʻĀnakala SDI-2 | .07 | .48 *** | .23 *** | .21 *** | .76 *** | .44 *** |
'Ōlelo Aʻo. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa o ka diagonal e pili ana i nā correlations no nā kāne a me ka ʻaoʻao o luna no ka wahine. CIUS: Hoʻohana i ka Scale Pūnaewele Hoʻohana; CMQ: He nīnau nīnau ma Cybersex Motives; SDI-2: Pono Hana Hoʻomoe-2.
**p <0.01. ***p <.001.
No nā kāne, ua ʻike mākou i kahi pilina koʻikoʻi ma waena o ka CIUS score a me ka CMQ coping motives score (r = .54, p <.001), a ʻoiai hoʻi, i kahi liʻiliʻi, ma waena o ka helu CIUS a me nā helu no nā papa kumu kumu CMQ ʻē aʻe. ʻOkoʻa i nā wahine, ua ʻike mākou i kahi hui ma waena o nā mākeke CIUS kāne a me nā mea hoʻokahi (r = .28, p <.001) a me ka makemake moe kolohe dyadic (r = .25, p <.001).
Ma ka hope, ua hana mākou i SEM no ka noiʻi ʻana i nā pilina ma waena o nā loli hoʻohuli (CIUS, CMQ, a me SDI-2) a me kā lākou mau pilina (Figure 1). Loaʻa ʻia nā waiwai o nā kūpono (χ2/df = 3.01, CFI = 0.80, a me RMSEA = 0.08). Ua hele mākou i kahi ala like no nā kāne a me nā wahine i kaʻawale (ʻike i nā kiʻi 2 a 3). Ua haʻahaʻa ka waiwai o CFI no nā kāne (0.74). Kiʻikuhi 1 hōʻike i ka pilina ma waena o nā helu CIUS a me ka CMQ coping motives a me CMQ kumu hoʻomau. Ke hōʻike nui nei hoʻi i ka mea nui o nā pilina ma waena o nā kumu a me ka hana hoʻonani CMQ a me ka makemake seksual SDI-2. No nā kāne, Ke kaha 2 hōʻike i ka pilina ma waena o nā kumu kumu coping CMN a me CIUS, me nā loulou i nā makemake kelepona o SDI-2. Kiʻikuhi 3 no nā wahine ke hōʻike nui nei i ka hui o ka ʻĀina a ʻo CMQ a me ke kope ʻana i nā kumu me CIUS.
Hōʻike 1. ʻO nā pilina ma waena o ka hana hoʻohālikelike o ka cybersex (Compulsive Internet Use Scale Sc) *p <.05. **p <.01. ***p <.001. χ2 = 2,295.60, df = 764, χ2/df = 3.01, p <.001, CFI = 0.80, a me RMSEA = 0.08 [0.08-0.09]. No ka heluhelu, hōʻike wale ʻia nā loli latent
Hōʻike 2. ʻO nā pilina ma waena o ka hana hoʻohālikelike o ka cybersex (Compulsive Internet Use Scale score), cybersex motives (Cybersex Motives Questionnaire subscales), a me nā kuko wahine (Sexual Desire Inventory-2 subscales) no nā kāne. *p <.05. **p <.01. ***p <.001. χ2 = 1,617.37, df = 764, χ2/df = 2.12, p <.001, CFI = 0.74, a me RMSEA = 0.09 [0.08-0.09]. No ka heluhelu, hōʻike wale ʻia nā loli latent
Hōʻike 3. ʻO nā pilina ma waena o ka hana hoʻohālikelike o ka cybersex (Compulsive Internet Use Scale score), cybersex motives (Cybersex Motives Questionnaire subscales), a me nā kuko wahine (Sexual Desire Inventory-2 subscales) no nā wahine. *p <.05. **p <.01. ***p <.001. χ2 = 1,650.29, df = 766, χ2/df = 2.15, p <.001, CFI = 0.80, a me RMSEA = 0.09 [0.08-0.09]. No ka heluhelu, hōʻike wale ʻia nā loli latent
ʻAʻole i hōʻike ʻia nā hualoaʻa i nāʻokoʻa i waena o nā kāne a me nā wahine ma nā hōʻike CIUS, akā ua hōʻike lākou i ka hapa nui o nā wahine i loko o ka haʻahaʻa a i ʻole ka hui kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka hapa ʻole o ka ʻokoʻa wahine, ʻaʻole kūlike ia me ka hana ma mua (ʻo ia hoʻi, Kafka, 2010). ʻO ka hele mai o nā subgroups o ka wahine ma ke kulana ʻoihana kiʻekiʻe, akā, e kūlike me nā mea noiʻi ʻē aʻe e pili ana i nā hoʻohui lāʻau (Khazaal et al., 2017), ke hōʻike nei he nui paha ka pili ʻana o nā wahine i ka nui o ka ʻenemi i nā pono.
No ka mea ua ʻimi mākou i nā poʻe ma o nā pūnaewele pili i ka pūnaewele a me nā ʻikepili, pili ʻia ke aʻo ʻana i kahi maʻi koho ponoʻī iho (Khazaal et al., 2014). ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka uhi ʻana o nā poʻe me kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā cybersex. ʻAʻole hiki ke neʻe ʻia nā hopena Epidemiological mai nā loiloi. Eia naʻe, hōʻike nā hopena i kahi hui ma waena o nā lehulehu o nā mana like a me nā helu CIUS o nā kāne a me nā wahine ma kēia hoʻohālike.
Hōʻike nā hualoaʻa i ka hana o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana ma CMQ, ma nā kāne ʻelua, a me kekahi mau ʻano moʻo ʻana, ʻo ia hoʻi no nā wāhine, i loko o ka cybersex hoʻoikaika. Ua hōʻike aku nā mea hoʻonani CMQ i kahi hui liʻiliʻi me nā helu CIUS, keu no nā kāne.
Ke kīloi nei ka lawe ʻana i nā kao e pakele ai nā kānaka i kū i ke alo o nā kūlana e kū nei. Barrault et al., 2016; Miner, Coleman, Center, Ross, & Rosser, 2007). Hiki paha iā lākou ke kōkua i ka poʻe e loaʻa ke kōkua hōʻoluʻolu i ka wā hōʻeha (ʻO Coleman-Kennedy & Pendley, 2002; Leiblum, 1997). Hōʻike nā hopena o nā noi ʻana e pili ana nā ʻano like ʻole i ka cybersex compulsive i nā kāne a me nā wahine. Kahi kūpono kēia ʻike i nā ʻike ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea waiwai.ʻO Blevins, Banes, Stephens, Walker, & Roffman, 2016; ʻO Grazioli et al., 2018) a me nā mea e pili ana i ka hana pilikino (Brand et al., 2014; Clarke et al., 2007; Khazaal et al., 2018), e like me nā hōʻike e hōʻike ana i nā pilina ma waena o ka hopena a pili i ka impulsivity i ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka cybersex (ʻO Wéry et al., 2018). Ma kēia noiʻi ʻana, ua loaʻa hou nā kumu lāʻau kope o ka CMQ i ka hopena ikaika loa i ka CIUS ma nā ʻano ʻelua. Ma kahi pae lapaʻau, hōʻike kēia mau hopena i ka mea nui o ke kikowaena e kū nei i ka hoʻoponopono kānāwai e kōkua i nā poʻe me ka cybersex compulsive. Loaʻa paha nā haʻawina hou mai ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā mākau hana hakakā ʻana a me nā manaʻolana cognitive hiki i nā mea hoʻopukapuka ma waena o ka hana paʻa o ka cybersex a me ka hana ʻana i nā kumu kiko (Brand et al., 2014; Laier, Wegmann, & Brand, 2018).
E like me nā hana ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā ʻanoʻano.Müller et al., 2017) a me ka addictive cyber (Weinstein, Zolek, Babkin, Cohen, & Lejoyeux, 2015), ua hōʻike ke aʻo ʻana i kekahi mau ʻokoʻa kūlike o ka wahine. ʻOi aku koʻikoʻi, pili pū aku nā kumu pilikino i pili ʻana i nā helu CIUS no nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne. Hoʻopau kēia me nā noiʻi ʻē aʻe e hōʻike ana i ke komo nui ʻana o nā wahine i loko o nā ʻoihana pūnaewele.Dufour et al., 2016). Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole i ʻike ka makemake o ka moekolohe i pili i nā helu CIUS i loko o nā wahine, ʻoiai he hui, ʻoi loa ka mea i loaʻa no nā kāne.
ʻOiai ka ikaika ikaika loa ma waena o ka CIUS score a me nā loli ʻē aʻe i hōʻike nui ʻia i nā hui ʻelua no ka CMQ coping motives, ʻoi ka hui liʻiliʻi i nānā ʻia no ka makemake a me ka wahine ma waena o nā wahine. Loaʻa kēia mau ʻike i ka wehe ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā wahine a me nā kāne i loko o nā makemake pilikino (Carvalho & Nobre, 2011). ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i ka makemake o ka moekolohe aia wale nō i ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā kāne male i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka cybersex e pili ana i ka hopena o ka wahine ma ke ʻano o ka pilina a me ke ʻano i loko o ke ʻano o ka moe kolohe i ka makemake o ka moe kolohe.Carvalho & Nobre, 2011).
Ma kahi o nā ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa o ka kāne, ʻōlelo a kā mākou hopena e hana i ka makemake makemake i ka wahine i ke ʻano liʻiliʻi (i nā kāne) a i ʻole he kuleana (i nā wahine) i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka cybersex e hoʻohana ai. Eia nō kekahi, ʻaʻole e like ka mea hoʻopili a me ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka CMQ ma ka CIUS score. Ua hōʻike kēia ma ke ʻano he leʻaleʻa ʻana ka cybersex i ʻole e ka moekolohe a i ʻole ma kahi liʻiliʻi o ke kāne. Kahi kūpono kēia ʻike i nā noiʻi ʻē aʻe e hōʻike ana i ka makemake ʻana i nā wikiō kikoʻi (Voon et al., 2014) a me nā hana moekolohe (ie, ka nui o nā pilina kolohe, ka ʻoluʻolu me nā pilina moekolohe, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka cybersex interactive) ʻaʻole pili me ka cybersex compulsive (Laier et al., 2014; Laier, Pekal, & Brand, 2015). E like me ka manaʻo i loko o nā noiʻi ʻē aʻe e pili ana i nā ʻano hana hoʻopulapula, ʻo ke ana o ka "makemake" (hedonic drive) me he mea lā he mea liʻiliʻi ia ma mua o nā "makemake" (ka hoʻoulu manaʻo hoʻoikaika) a me nā "aʻo" aʻo (nā hui wānana a me nā cognitions, e laʻa me ke aʻo ʻana e pili ana i ka manaʻo maikaʻi ʻole. ke kōkua ke hoʻohana i ka cybersex; Berridge, Robinson, & Aldridge, 2009; Robinson & Berridge, 2008).
I ka nānā mua ʻana, ʻo ke kuleana liʻiliʻi o ka makemake moekolohe a me nā kumu hoʻonui i ka cybersex compulsive me he mea lā ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa ʻIke ʻia ʻo ke ʻano moekolohe o ka hōʻoluʻolu ʻaʻole ia he kumu nui o ka hana. Hiki ke wehewehe ʻia kēia nānā ʻana e ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole he ana ke CIUS o ka moekolohe a i ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka cybersex, akā he loiloi i ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka cybersex compulsive. Kūlike nā mea i ʻike ʻia me ke kaʻina e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻano addict. Ua manaʻo ʻia e mālama ʻia nā mea ʻalo e ka neʻe ʻana mai ka ʻoluʻolu (ʻo ia hoʻi, ke ʻimi nei i nā uku moekolohe pololei) i ka uku (ʻo ia hoʻi, ke ʻimi nei e pakele mai nā ʻano maikaʻi ʻole; ʻO Young & Brand, 2017). E noiʻi hou aku i kēia nīnau, pono i nā haʻawina o hope e komo i nā loiloi concomitant e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka cybersex, nā hana moekolohe, a me ka cyber compulsive, a me ke ʻano o nā makana i loaʻa i ka wā e pili ana ka cybersex. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka loiloi manawa pōkole e makaʻala i kēia mau nīnau (Benarous et al., 2016; Ferreri, Bourla, Mouchabac, & Karila, 2018; Jones, Tiplady, Houben, Nederkoorn, & Kahua, 2018).
He mau palena ko kēia hana, pili nui i ka hoʻolālā ʻāpana, ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā nīnau nīnau loiloi iā ia iho, nā koho ponoʻī, a me ka nui o ka laʻana maʻalahi. E hoʻokūpaʻa ʻia nā hopena e nā noiʻi e hiki mai ana, e pili ana paha i nā hopena o kēia manawa, me nā anamanaʻo mana a me ka hoʻolālā ʻana i ka nui a me nā hōʻike kikoʻī o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka cybersex (ie porn, ka launa pū ʻana, webcam, a me ke kamaʻilio ʻana) a i ʻole ke kia ʻana i kahi hana kūikawā Ua hoʻohālikelike ka CIUS no ka cybersex i kēia hōʻike hōʻike i ke kūlike ʻole o loko (Cronbach's α = .93). ʻO ke ana o ka moekolohe koʻikoʻi, akā ʻaʻole ka loiloi i ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka cybersex iā ia iho, a ʻaʻole i hōʻike ʻia nā hana moekolohe kikoʻī. Pono e hoʻopaʻa i nā noiʻi hou i kahi wehewehe o ia mau hana, nā uku i ʻike ʻia e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka cybersex, a me ka loiloi o ka pili wahine ʻole pili pūnaewele (ie, ka moekolohe, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) a me ka pilina naʻau me ka hoa.
Nā ʻōnaehana noʻonoʻo ʻē aʻe, e like me ka manaʻo ponoʻī, ke ʻano (Pāka, Hong, Pāka, Ha, & Yoo, 2012), halihali (ʻO Wéry et al., 2018), ʻoe ʻokoʻa (Khazaal et al., 2017; Yong, Inoue, & Kawakami, 2017) ke hoʻopiʻi ()Favez, Tissot, Ghisletta, Golay, & Cairo Notari, 2016), a me nā comorbidities psychiatric (Starcevic & Khazaal, 2017), ke hana nei i ke kuleana koʻikoʻi i ka cybersex hoʻoikaika, i ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka manaʻo o ka naʻau a me ka ʻoluʻolu i ka ola maoli.
Ua kōkua ʻo YK, FB-D, a me SR i ka noʻonoʻo ʻana a me ka hoʻolālā ʻana. Ua hāʻawi ʻo FBB, RC, SR, a me YK i ka helu helu ʻana a me ka wehewehe ʻana i nā ʻike. Ua kōkua ʻo YK i ka hana ʻana. Ua hāʻawi ʻo FBB, SR, FB-D, RC, a me YK i ka hana ʻana i ka ʻatikala.
'Ōlelo hōʻeia
Makemake nui nā mea kākau e hoʻomaikaʻi iā Barbara Kahi, ELS, o BioMedical Editor, a me Elizabeth Yates no ka hoʻoponopono ʻōlelo Pelekane. A makemake no lākou e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā poʻe haumāna.
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