Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo
Ke kumu a me nā manaʻo
Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka hoʻokalakiko hoʻohaʻahaʻa maikaʻi ʻole (BIC) i ke ʻano koʻikoʻi i ka hana hoʻopilipili. Eia naʻe, pili ʻole ka noiʻi ʻana inā paha kēia ka hihia no ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana i ka cybersex. Ua ʻimi kēia noiʻi e noiʻi i ka papa manawa o ka BIC i nā kāne kāne me nā ʻano e pili ana i ka hoʻomeamea cybersex (TCA) me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hanana e pili ana i ka hanana (ERP) a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā hōʻike neurophysiological o kā lākou BIC hemahema.
Nā Papahana
He kanakolukumamāono mau kānaka me TCA a me 36 mau mana olakino (HCs) i hāʻawi ʻia i kahi hana ʻelua Oddball Oddball e koi ana iā lākou e pane ʻokoʻa i nā stimulus maʻamau (nā kiʻi o nā poʻe) a me nā stimulus deviant pinepine ʻole (nā kiʻi ponokala kiʻi) ma loko o 1,000 ms. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka Electroencephalography (EEG) i ka hana ʻana o ka poʻe komo i ka hana.
Results
ʻOiai ka like o nā stimulus maʻamau ma waena o nā hui e pili ana i nā manawa hopena (RTs), ʻoi aku ka lohi o nā RT o ka hui TCA i nā stimulus deviant ma mua o nā hui HC. Ua hele pū ka ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa me nā ʻokoʻa pūʻulu i nā awelika awelika o N2 (200-300 ms) a me P3 (300-500 ms) ʻāpana i ka nalu ʻokoʻa maʻamau. ʻOi aku kikoʻī, hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka hui HC, ua hōʻike ka hui TCA i nā ʻokoʻa amplitude N2 a me P3 liʻiliʻi no ka deviant ma mua o nā stimuli maʻamau.
Nā kūkā a me nā hopena
ʻOi aku ka impulsive o ka poʻe me TCA ma mua o ka poʻe i komo aku i ka HC a kaʻana like i nā neuropsychological a me nā ʻano ERP o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau a i ʻole nā ʻano lawena, e kākoʻo ana i ka manaʻo e hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia ka hoʻolauleʻa cybersex ma ke ʻano he ʻaloʻahia maʻamau.
Introduction
Pākuʻi Cybersex
Ua loaʻa ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nānā ʻana ma ka pūnaewele i ka honua holoʻokoʻa i nā makahiki he iwakālua i hala (ʻO Sussman, Harper, Stahl, & Weigle, 2018). Manaʻo ka nui o nā kānaka noiʻi he pono e hoʻokaʻawale i waena o ka hoʻowahāwahā pūnaewele nui a me ka hoʻowalewale pūnaewele kikoʻī (e laʻa me. Brand, Young, Laier, Wölfling, & Potenza, 2016; ʻO Davis, 2001). ʻO ka mea kikoʻī, manaʻo pinepine ʻia ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka cybersex i kahi ʻano kikoʻī o ka hoʻoponopono pūnaewele (e laʻa me. Brand, Young, & Laier, 2014; de Alarcón, de la Iglesia, Casado & Montejo, 2019). Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka Pūnaewele, ua hoʻonui loa ʻia ka loaʻa o nā mea ponokala kiʻi. Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi ma waena o nā ʻano hana pūnaewele āpau, ʻo ka nānā ʻana i nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ka mea e hoʻonāukiuki paha (Meerkerk, Eijnden, & Garretsen, 2006).
Ua lōʻihi ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa e pili ana inā e wehewehe pono ʻia ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana i ka cybersex ma ke ʻano he ʻano lawena (e laʻa me. de Alarcón et al., 2019). Eia nō naʻe, ke hoʻonui ʻia nei nā hōʻike e pili ana i ka like ma waena o ka maʻi cybersex a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau a i ʻole nā ʻano lawena ʻē aʻe (Kowalewska et al., 2018; ʻO Stark, Klucken, Potenza, Brand, & Strahler, 2018). Ua hōʻike ʻia nā noiʻi ma mua i ka pilina ma waena o ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana i ka cybersex a me ka cue reactivity a me ka makemakeLaier, Pawlikowski, Pekal, Schulte, & Brand, 2013; Brand et al., 2011); ʻo nā ʻano hana e hopena i ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi hoʻohana lāʻau (ʻO Drummond, 2001; ʻO Tiffany & Wray, 2012). Loaʻa nā manaʻo ʻiʻini a me ka cue reactivity mai ke aʻo ʻana i ka maʻi hoʻohana i nā mea a hoʻohana ʻia i ka noiʻi e pili ana i ka hoʻowalewale pūnaewele maʻamau (e laʻa me. ʻO Potenza, 2008). ʻO kahi laʻana, ua nānā kekahi mau noiʻi i nā pilina neural ma waena o ka ʻiʻini a me ka cue reactivity i loko o kēlā me kēia kanaka me kahi ʻikepili pūnaewele kikoʻī a ua ʻike ʻia e pili ana ka ventral striatum i ka ʻiʻini i nā ʻike i ke alo o nā kuhi e pili ana i ka hoʻōla.Kober et al., 2016; Miedl, Büchel, & Peters, 2014). ʻO nā noiʻi e pili ana i nā kumuhana i loaʻa ka moekolohe a i ʻole ka poʻe e ʻeha i ka hana hoʻomāhie pūnaewele hāʻawi pū kekahi i nā hopena kūlike (Brand, Snagowski, Laier, & Maderwald, 2016; Klucken, Wehrum-Osinsky, Schweckendiek, Kruse, & Stark, 2016; Voon et al., 2014). Eia kekahi, Laier and Brand (2014) hoʻomohala i kahi hoʻohālikelike i manaʻo ʻia no ka cybersex. Hoʻohālikelike ke k modelkohu i ka like ma waena o ka hoʻoweliweli cybersex a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau ma o ke koʻikoʻi ʻana i ka hana o ka hoʻoikaika maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole. Hiki i nā kānaka ke hoʻohana i ka cybersex e loaʻa ai ka ʻoluʻolu a hoʻoliʻiliʻi i nā mokuʻāina kaumaha (Laier & Brand, 2014). ʻO ia ʻano hana o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ʻike nui ʻia i nā ʻano maʻi hoʻohana ʻē aʻe a me nā ʻano mea hōʻalo, kahi o nā mea maikaʻi ʻole (e pili ana i ka haʻalele ʻana a me ke ahonui) a me nā mea maikaʻi (makemake a makemake ʻia) e hōʻike i nā hana hoʻoikaika nui (Robinson & Berridge, 2008).
Ka Impulsivity
Wahi a nā kumumanaʻo hoʻōla, ʻo ka ka nāwaliwali o ka hana pilikino i ka lawena a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau hiki ke pili i ka haunaele ma waena o nā ʻōnaehana impulsive a me nā reflective (Brand et al., 2019; Dong & Potenza, 2014; Wiers et al., 2007; Zilverstand & Goldstein, 2020). ʻO kahi laʻana, manaʻo ʻia i loko o ka laulima o ka Person-Affect-Cognition-Execut (I-PACE) k modelkohu (Brand et al., 2019), ʻo ka disregulation ma waena o nā ʻōnaehana neural no nā hana addictive mua e pili pono i ka ʻōnaehana impulsive hyperactive. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā ʻano bias ʻike a me nā ʻano ʻino, ka ʻiʻini a me ka cue reactivity, a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ia ʻano hyperactivity, kahi i hoʻoikaika ʻia i ka wā o ka hana hōʻalo (Brand et al., 2019). No nā hana lawaiʻa lohi, hiki i ka ʻōnaehana noʻonoʻo ke nalowale i ka kaohi o ka ʻōnaehana impulsive mau, a hiki i kekahi mau ʻano ke lilo i maʻa mau, ʻoiai nā ʻano ʻano addict i alakaʻi i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole (Brand et al., 2019). Hōʻike nā haʻawina neuroimaging i nā kumuhana e loaʻa ana i ka hana hypersexual pilikia a i ʻole ka hana ʻimekika i hoʻokiʻekiʻe i nā hana i ka dorsolateral prefrontal Cortex (hoʻokahi ʻāpana o ka ʻōnaehana noʻonoʻo) a me ka ventral striatum (hoʻokahi ʻāpana o ka ʻōnaehana impulsive)Brand et al., 2016; ʻO Gola et al., 2017; Seok & Sohn, 2015). Hōʻike ʻia ka hyperactivity ʻōnaehana Reflective e hoʻonui i ka hana i koi ʻia e nā kumuhana e mālama i ka kaohi o nā hoʻowalewale, i hoʻomaka mua ʻia e kahi ʻōnaehana impulsive. No laila, ʻo ka hana lolo i hoʻololi ʻia a me ke ʻano e pili ana i ka impulsivity e hōʻike i ke kuleana o ka impulsivity i ka cybersex ʻano hana.
Ua ʻike ʻia ka impulsivity ma ke ʻano he manaʻo paʻakikī nunui e hoʻopili i nā mea olaola, ʻano, a me nā pilikino. Hiki ke loiloi i nā ʻano impulsivity ʻokoʻa e ke kiʻi ʻana, ka lawena, a me nā ana hōʻike ponoʻī. E pili ana i ka nui o ka lawena, hoʻohana ʻia ka impulsivity e wehewehe i nā lawena maladaptive, me nā hemahema i ka kaohi hoʻohaʻahaʻa hana (BIC), ʻo ia hoʻi, ka hiki ke kāohi maʻalahi i ka lawena ke koi ʻia nā mea kūloko i kēia (Groman, James, & Jentsch, 2009). E pili ana i nā hana impulsive, e like me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka BIC nāwaliwali e pale aku i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau a me ka hoʻomau ʻana i ka lawena me ka nānā ʻole i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole.ʻO Spechler et al., 2016). No ke ana kūlohelohe, ua mālama ʻia nā noiʻi e nānā i ka reactivity o ka lolo e pili ana i ka BIC i hoʻemi ʻia. ʻO ka maʻamau, nā ana e pili ana i nā hanana (ERP) hiki ke ana ʻia e ana i kēlā hana.
ʻ suggestedlelo ʻia ʻelua mau mea ERP i loko o ka noiʻi mua e hōʻike i ka hana lolo e pili ana i ka BIC: ʻO N2 ka mea, ʻo ia ka mea maikaʻi ʻole i loko o ka ʻāʻī o ke alo o ke alo ke kū ka stimulus ma kahi o 200 ms. Hoʻohālikelike ia i ke ʻano o luna, kahi e kāpae i ka lawehala hewa ʻole no ka pane aunoa a hana i ke kaʻina hana ma mua o ka hana kaʻa.Falkenstein, 2006). Ua hōʻike ʻia kekahi mau noiʻi ua pili ka N2 i ka ʻike hakakā ma ka pae pāpā mua (Donkers & Van Boxtel, 2004; Falkenstein, 2006; Nieuwenhuis, Yeung, Van Den Wildenberg, & Ridderinkhof, 2003). No laila, ʻike ʻia ʻo N2 ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona o ke kaʻina o ka ʻike i ka wā mua, e koi ʻia ana no ka hoʻokō BIC, akā ʻaʻole ka braking maoli inhibitory. ʻO ka mahele ʻelua o ka ERP ʻo P3, ka mea e hōʻike ana i ka ʻāpana maximal maikaʻi ma waena o ka poʻo waena-parietal ke loaʻa ka stimulus ma kahi o 300-500 ms. Hoʻomaopopo pinepine ʻia ʻo P3 ma ke ʻano he hōʻike electrophysiological o ka BIC e pili kokoke nei e pili ana i ka kaohi maoli o ka ʻōnaehana kaʻa i loko o ka premotor cortex (Donkers & Van Boxtel, 2004; Nieuwenhuis, Aston-Jones, & Cohen, 2005). Hoʻohui ʻia, nui nā noiʻi e hōʻike ana ʻo N2 a me P3 nā mea e hōʻike nei i nā hana pili i ka BIC me nā hana like ʻole. No laila, ʻo ka N2 haʻahaʻa a i ʻole P3 amplitude i waena o ka poʻe me ka ʻāpiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā kaohi e lilo i mau māka e wānana i nā hemahema neural i ka pōʻaiapili o BIC.
Pili nā noi mua e pili ana i ka BIC i nā paradigms kahiko e like me Go / NoGo, Stop-Signal, a me Two-Choice Oddball. I ka Stop-Signal paradigm, pono i nā mea komo ke hoʻokū i kā lākou pane ke ʻike lākou i ka hōʻailona kū. No ka mālama ʻana i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka pāpā kūleʻa, pono lākou e nānā hou i ka hōʻailona kū a kali a kali iā ia No laila, ke kaulike o ke ana o ka manawa kuhi (RT) iā Go stimuli (ʻO Verbruggen & Logan, 2008). I ka Go / NoGo paradigm, pono nā mea komo e hana i kahi pihi kaomi pihi i nā mea hoʻonāukiuki o hoʻokahi ʻano (Go stimulus) a kāohi i kēlā pane i nā mea hoʻonāukiuki o kahi ʻano ʻē aʻe (NoGo stimulus). Eia nō naʻe, no ka mea ʻo nā hoʻokolohua Go e koi i nā pane kaʻa a me nā hoʻokolohua NoGo i ʻole, e hoʻohaumia ʻia nā hopena BIC e nā kaʻina e pili ana i ka pane (Kok, 1988). No kēia, hoʻohana ka noiʻi i ka paradigm Oddball ʻelua koho. I nā noiʻi i hala, ua hoʻohana kūleʻa ʻia kēia hoʻohālikelike e nānā i ka BIC e pili ana i nā maʻi hoʻohana lāʻau (eg, Su et al., 2017; Zhao, Liu, & Maes, 2017).
I kēia hana, noi ʻia nā mea pane e pane i kahi hoʻonāukiuki maʻamau maʻamau a me nā mea hoʻonāukiuki pinepine pinepine ʻole. No kēia kumu, loaʻa i nā stimulus devian ka ʻike ʻana i ka paio pane, ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā pane prepotent, a me ke koho ʻana i nā hopena ʻē aʻe. No laila, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka RTs i nā stimulus deviant ma mua o nā mea i nā stimulus maʻamau. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hana Go / NoGo maʻamau, hoʻemi kēia hana i ka hopena o ka hiki ke loaʻa i ka moto ma ka BIC a hāʻawi i kahi hōʻailona RT keu no BIC. Kūkākūkā ʻia e hiki i kahi hana ke hoʻonui i ka pono o ke kaiaola ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hana Go / NoGo. ʻO ka pāpā ʻana i kekahi ʻano hana i ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā e hele pū me ka hakahaka o kekahi ʻano me kahi ʻano ʻē aʻe i manaʻo ʻia (e like me ka kaohi ʻana i nā kiʻi ponokala kiʻi e nānā ana a hoʻololi iā ia me nā mea leʻaleʻa hou) Ua kākau inoa ʻia kēia i ka hana ʻElua Koho Oddball, ma mua o ka hana maʻamau o Go / NoGo.
Impulsivity i nā addicts cybersex
ʻO nā noiʻi hou e hoʻohana nei i nā ana hōʻike pilikino ponoʻī i loaʻa i ka impulsivity trait e hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia me ke koʻikoʻi ʻoi loa o ka hōʻino ʻana o ka cybersex (Antons & Brand, 2018; Antons et al., 2019). Eia nō naʻe, ua nānā nā noiʻi ʻana i ka BIC i ka pōʻaiapili o ka maʻi pepehiko me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi Hana Stop-Signal. ʻO Antons and Brand (2018) ʻike i ka ʻoi loa o ke koʻikoʻi o ka hōʻona cybersex e pili ana i ka pilina impulsivity ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe me nā hana impulsive. Eia nō naʻe, ua ʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi ʻē aʻe me kēlā me kēia kanaka me nā ʻōuli ʻē aʻe o ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana i ka cybersex i hōʻike ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ʻoihana BIC (Antons & Matthias, 2020).
ʻAʻohe noiʻi i nānā ʻia e pili ana i nā pilina electrophysiological ma waena o ka BIC a me ka maʻi cybersex, ʻoiai ua lawe ʻia nā ana ERP no nā makahiki i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka maʻi hoʻohana lāʻau (Campanella, Pogarell, & Boutros, 2014; Littel, Euser, Munafo, & Franken, 2012) a me nā ʻano ʻokoʻa o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa hana (Luijten et al., 2014). Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ERP ma ke ʻano he ala hōʻaiʻē no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā neural correlations o nā maʻi addict, a ua hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā hoʻokolohua a me nā hana lapaʻau (Campanella, Schroder, Kajosch, Noel, & Kornreich, 2019).
I kēia manawa, pili wale nā piliwaiwai a me nā maʻi pāʻani i nā ʻōnaehana nomenclature nui no nā maʻi psychological (ie, DSM-5 a me ICD-11). Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Cybersex mea hōʻalo ma ke ʻano he ʻano lawehala lawena e like me nā neurobiological a me nā hiʻohiʻona neurocognitive e like me nā maʻi hoʻohana lāʻau (Kowalewska et al., 2018; Stark et al., 2018). Pono ʻia kahi noiʻi empirical hou aku e ʻike i ka nui o ka hōʻike ʻana i ka cybersex e hōʻike ai i nā mea like a i ʻole nā ʻano ʻokoʻa me nā ʻano mea ʻāpiki ʻē aʻe. He mea nui ia e ʻike i ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ka hoʻowalewale ʻana i ka cybersex e hoʻomaopopo pono ai i nā lawena, a hiki ke lilo i mea kūpono e ʻike i nā kumuhana kiʻekiʻe a hoʻomohala i nā hana pilikino. Eia kekahi, kōkua ia i ke kūkā kamaʻilio mau e pili ana i ka hoʻohālikelike me nā ʻano o nā maʻi addict.
ʻO ka noi i kēia manawa
Kuhi kēia noiʻi e ʻimi i ka hopena o ka hana pono ʻana i nā mea ponokala kiʻi ma BIC. Ua hoʻokolokolo ʻia ʻo BIC i loko o kēlā me kēia kanaka me nā ʻano e pili ana i ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana i ka cybersex (TCA) a me nā kaohi olakino (HCs) me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi hana Oddball ʻelua koho. Ua ana ʻia nā ERP i ka pane ʻana i nā stimuli maʻamau (nā kiʻi o nā poʻe) a me nā stimulus deviant pinepine (nā kiʻi ponokala kiʻi). Ma muli o ka noiʻi e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau a me ka lawena ʻana i ka lawena, ua kuhi mākou e pili ana ka hoʻoweliweli cybersex me ka BIC hemahema. Kuhi kikoʻī, ua kuhi mākou ʻo (1) mau kānaka me TCA e hōʻike i ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka RT i ka pane ʻana i nā kuhi hewa e pili ana i nā kiʻi ʻino i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me HC, a (2) nā kānaka me TCA e hōʻike i nā hopena ERP i hoʻonui ʻia (N2 a me P3 mau mea) i hoʻohālikelike ʻia. me HC.
Nā Papahana
i komo
Ua ʻākoakoa mākou i nā nīnau nīnau he 303 mai nā haumāna o ke koleke kāne e ʻike ai i ko lākou helu ma ka Problematic Internet Pornography Use Scale (PIPUS; ʻO Chen, Wang, Chen, Jiang, & Wang, 2018). Ua kāpae ʻia nā wahine mai ka noiʻi ʻana, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka pilikia o nā kāne ma muli o kā lākou pili pinepine ʻana me nā mea ponokala.Ross, Månsson, & Daneback, 2012). Ma muli o ka ʻike ʻana i ka cybersex ʻaʻohe diagnostical codified, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana i nā paepae e ʻike empirically ʻike i nā mea hoʻohana ponokala pūnaewele pilikia. No laila, ʻo nā mea pane i loaʻa nā helu ma ka pākēneka 20 i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ka hui TCA, ʻo ka poʻe i hāʻule ko lākou helu i ka 20 hapa haneri i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ka hui HC. Wahi a ka papa kuhikuhi hoʻohālikelike, 36 i komo me TCA a me 36 HC i kono ʻia e komo manawaleʻa i ka noiʻi electrophysiological. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea komo ʻelua ma muli o ka nui o nā mea neʻe o ka maka. He heterosexual, lima ʻākau nā kānaka āpau, loaʻa i ka ʻike maʻamau a i ʻole i hoʻoponopono ʻia, ʻaʻohe mōʻaukala no ka maʻi noʻonoʻo, a ʻaʻohe mōʻaukala o ka ʻōnaehana waena (e nānā 1 Pūnaewele).
1 Pūnaewele.Nā ʻano komo o nā hui TCA a me HC
Nā Loli (mean ± SD) | TCA (n = 36) | HC (n = 34) | t |
Nā makahiki (mau makahiki) | 19.75 | 19.76 | -0.05 |
ʻO ka pinepine o ka nānā ʻana i nā ponokala kiʻi a | 3.92 ± 1.54 | 1.09 ± 0.87 | 9.55*** |
ʻO ka pinepine o ka masturbation a | 2.81 ± 1.22 | 1.12 ± 0.91 | 6.54*** |
Helu helu PIPUS | 19.78 ± 6.40 | 1.65 ± 1.28 | 16.65*** |
Heluhelu SDS | 28.00 ± 2.62 | 26.62 ± 3.36 | 1.93 |
Heluhelu SAS | 27.56 ± 3.12 | 26.29 ± 3.90 | 1.50 |
Nā helu BIS-11 | 58.81 ± 9.37 | 55.03 ± 11.35 | 1.52 |
Nā pōā: BIS-11, Pākuʻi Impulsiveness Barratt-11; HC, nā mana olakino; PIPUS, Pūnaewele Pilikia Pūnaewele Pilikia e hoʻohana i ka unahi; SAS, Pākuʻi hopohopo hopohopo-helu; SDS, Pālākiō Haʻalele Manaʻo Manaʻo iho; TCA, nā kumumanaʻo i ka hoʻoweliweli cybersex.
***P <0.001.
aI loko o nā mahina 6 i hala iho nei.
Ana mea kani a me nā kaʻina hana
No ka loiloi ʻana iā TCA, ua hoʻohana ʻia kahi mana Kina o ka PIPUS. ʻO ka PIPUS kahi pālāki ponoʻī pilikino i hoʻomohala ʻia e pili ana i ka Pilikia Pono Pilikia E hoʻohana i ka unahi (Kor et al., 2014). Aia nā pālākiō i nā mea he 12 i hōʻuluʻulu ʻia i ʻehā mau ana: (a) nā pilikia a me nā pilikia hana, (b) hoʻohana nui ʻana, (c) nā pilikia kaohi ponoʻī, a (d) hoʻohana i mea e pakele ai a pale i nā manaʻo maikaʻi ʻole. Maʻaneʻi, ua pani mākou i ka huaʻōlelo “ponokala kiʻi” me “Pōkalakala pūnaewele. Ua noi ʻia nā mea i komo e hōʻike i kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana i nā ponokala pūnaewele ma nā mahina ʻeono i hala e hoʻohana ana i kahi pālākiō Likert he 6, kahi a 0 ke ʻano "ʻaʻole loa" a ʻo 5 ka manaʻo "i nā manawa āpau"; ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe ka helu, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nui o ka PIPU. He hilinaʻi maikaʻi a me ka pono o ka pālākiō i waena o nā haumāna kula nui Kina.Chen et al., 2018). ʻO Cronbach's α i kēia noi ʻana he 0.93.
Ua hoʻopau mua nā mea komo i ka PIPUS. Wahi a nā pae koho i luna, ua kono ʻia kahi laʻana o kēlā me kēia mea me TCA a me nā mea komo HC e komo i ka mahele ʻelua o ka hoʻokolohua. Ua hana lākou i kahi hana Oddball ʻelua mau koho ʻoiai Electroencephalography (EEG) i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. E loiloi i ka impulsivity a me kahi māka o ka maʻi psychiatric, ua hoʻopau nā mea komo i ka Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11; ʻO Patton, Stanford, & Barratt, 1995), ka Pālākiō Haʻalulu Helu Pono (SDS; Zung, Richards, & Pōkole, 1965), a me ka Manaʻo Manaʻo Manaʻo Manaʻo iho (SAS; Zung, 1971). Eia hou, ua helu ʻia ka ʻikepili kanaka a me ka ʻike pili e pili ana i ka cybersex ʻO ka mea hope loa, ua hoʻopōkole ʻia nā mea i loaʻa a loaʻa ka uku o RMB 100. ʻO ka hoʻokolohua holoʻokoʻa i lawe ʻia ma kahi o 80 min.
Nā hana hoʻonāukiuki a me nā hoʻokolohua
Ua hoʻokō ʻia ka loiloi o ka hiki BIC me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka paradigm Oddball Elua Koho. Loaʻa ʻelua mau ʻano stimulus: nā stimulus maʻamau (kiʻi kanaka) a me nā stimulus deviant (nā kiʻi ponokala kiʻi). Ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā kiʻi paʻi kiʻi mai nā pūnaewele ponokala kiʻi manuahi; ua komo pū lākou i nā ʻāpana kiʻi he 40 me ka ʻehā mau ʻano moekolohe kāne heterosexual (vaginal, anal sex, cunnilingus, a me fellatio). Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia mahele nā kiʻi paʻi kiʻi 10. ʻO nā kiʻi o ke kanaka, i kiʻi ʻia mai nā pūnaewele, me nā kiʻi 40 o ke kāne a me ka wahine e holoholo a jogging paha. Ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia lākou i ka helu a me ka moekolohe o kēlā me kēia kanaka i nā kiʻi paʻi kiʻi. Loipālākiō ʻia kēia mau kiʻi i kahi hoʻopaʻa pailaka e pili ana i nā ana o ka valence, ka hoʻāla ʻana, a me ka hoʻāla ʻana i ka moekolohe. ʻAʻole i loaʻa nā ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi e pili ana i nā helu valence. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻonāukiuki nā kiʻi ponokala kiʻi i ka hoʻonāukiuki kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻowalewale wahine ma mua o nā kiʻi o ke kanaka. E hūnā i ka pahuhopu maoli o ka hoʻokolohua, ua hōʻike ʻia kēia mau kiʻi i nā mea i pane ʻia me nā mōlina kala, me kahi kiʻi ʻulaʻula no ke kiʻi o nā kānaka a me nā kiʻi polū no nā kiʻi ponokala. Ua kauoha ʻia nā mea komo e hoʻokolokolo i ke kala o nā mōlina i ka wikiwiki a pololei hoʻi ma ke kaomi ʻana i nā kī like ʻole.
ʻO ka hana i loko o nā palaka ʻehā o nā hoʻokolohua 100. Hōʻike kēlā me kēia palaka i nā stimuli maʻamau he 70 a me nā stimuli kūwili he 30. Pono nā mea e komo i mua o ka monitor, ma kahi o 150 cm ka mamao mai ka pākū, me kahi ʻanuʻu kaulike a me ke kū i luna o lalo o 6 °. Ua hoʻomaha ka poʻe i komo i kahi mau minuke ʻelua mau minuke i kēlā me kēia pā; ua loaʻa iā lākou ka pane pane lāki pololei e loiloi i kā lākou hana ma ka hopena o kēlā me kēia palaka. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā mea hoʻonāukiuki me ka hoʻohana ʻana iā E-prime 2.0 (Psychology Software Tools). Hoʻomaka kēlā me kēia hoʻokolokolo me ke keʻa keʻokeʻo liʻiliʻi no 300 ms. Ma hope, ua hōʻike ʻia kahi pale hakahaka me ka lōʻihi o ka manawa o 500-1,000 ms, a ukali ʻia e ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻoulu kiʻi. Ke hōʻike ʻia ke kiʻi maʻamau, pono ka poʻe komo e kaomi wikiwiki a pololei hoʻi i ke kī "F" ma ka papapihi me ko lākou manamana lima hema, a i ka wā i puka ai ke kiʻi hoʻololi, pono lākou e kaomi i ke kī "J" me ko lākou manamana lima ʻākau ( ua kaulike nā kī kī ma waena o nā mea komo). Ua nalo ke kiʻi hoʻonāukiuki ma hope o ke kī kaomi a i ʻole i ka hala ʻana no 1,000 ms. Ua ukali ʻia kēlā me kēia pane e kahi pale hakahaka me ka lōʻihi o 1,000 ms. Hoʻohui ʻia ke kaʻina o nā stimulus maʻamau. E nānā i Laau. 1 no nā kaʻina hoʻokolohua kikoʻī.
Hoʻopaʻa uila a me nā kālailai
Hoʻohana ʻia nā electrode tin i loko o kahi pāpale elastis e hoʻopaʻa i ka hana uila lolo mai 32 mau ʻili poʻo (Brain Products, Kelemānia). Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka electrode FCz ma ke ʻano he punaewele, a ua hoʻohana ʻia ka electrode AFz ma ke ʻano he electrode grounding. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka electrooculogram vertical (VEOG) e kahi electrode i hoʻonoho ʻia ma lalo o ka maka ʻākau, ʻoiai ka electrooculogram papamoe (HEOG) i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e kahi uila i kau ʻia ma 1 cm ma waho o ka maka hema. ʻO ke kūpaʻa o nā electrode āpau ma lalo o 5 kΩ. Ua hoʻonui ʻia ʻo EEG a me EOG me kahi bandpass DC ∼100 Hz a ua hoʻokalakupua ʻia ma 500 Hz / kahawai. Ua kālailai ʻia nā ʻikepili EEG ma waho pūnaewele me ka hoʻohana ʻana iā Brain Vision Analyzer 2.0. ʻO ka mea mua, hoʻonohonoho hou mākou i ke kuhikuhi i ka amplitude mean o ka bilto mastoid. A laila, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka bandpass o 0.01-30 Hz a me ka hoʻouluulu ʻana o 24 dB no ka kānana. Ua hoʻopau ʻia nā mea hana EOG me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka anamanaʻo kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa.
ʻO ka EEG i pane pololei ma lalo o kēlā me kēia kūlana ua superimposed a averaged. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka nalu ERP i ka hoʻomaka o ka stimulus, me ka awelika epoch o 1,000 ms, me ke kaha kumu o 200 ms ma mua o ka stimulus. Mai nā ʻano nalu nui o ERP ma Fiku. 3 a me 4, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka ʻokoʻa amplitude ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau a me nā ʻano hoʻopunipuni i hoʻomaka ʻia ma kahi o 200 ms. Ua hōʻike ʻia kēia mau ʻokoʻa ma ke ʻano he N2 (200-300 ms) ma ka ʻaoʻao alo-waena a me P3 (300-500 ms) i ka ʻāpana poʻo-parietal i ka nalu ʻokoʻa deviant-standard. No laila, ua kālailai kēia noiʻi i ka awelika o nā amplitude a me nā latency o nā ʻāpana N2 a me P3 ma nā pūnaewele electrode ʻeiwa, ʻo ia hoʻi, F3, Fz, F4 (ʻekolu mau alo alo), C3, Cz, C4 (ʻekolu mau kikowaena kikowaena), P3, Pz, a me P4 (ʻekolu mau pūnaewele parietal).
ʻIkepili helu
Ua kālailai ʻia nā ʻikepili nīnau me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hoʻāʻo t kūʻokoʻa. Ua noi ʻia ka ana ʻana i nā ʻokoʻa (ANOVA) e kālailai i nā hōʻike ERP o BIC (N2 a me P3) a me nā ana hana (pololei a me RTs). ʻO kēia ka hopena i kahi Pūʻulu (TCA, HC) × Stimulus (kūlana maʻamau a me nā devian) × Nā pūnaewele uila (9 pūnaewele) ANOVA no N2 a me P3 amplitude a me nā latency e pili ana i ka BIC, a me kahi Group × Stimulus ANOVA no nā ʻano hana. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka ʻike RT ma nā hoʻāʻo me ka pane pololei. ʻO nā hoʻāʻo ma kahi o nā RTs ma lalo o 150 ms, e hōʻike ana i ke kakali, ʻaʻole i manaʻo ʻia (Meule, Lutz, Vögele, & Kübler, 2012). ʻO nā pūnaewele Stimulus a me Electrode nā kumu ma waena o nā kumuhana, a ʻo ka Pūʻulu ka mea ma waena o ke kumuhana. Hoʻopili ʻia nā loiloi ma hope o ka hoc me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hoʻohālikelike pālua me nā hoʻoponopono Bonferroni. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā kumukūʻai helu āpau me nā hoʻoponopono Greenhouse – Geisser, a me ka hapa eta-square (η2p) hōʻike ʻia ka waiwai i nā hopena koʻikoʻi. Ua hoʻohana ʻia kahi pae alpha o 0.05 no nā hōʻike helu helu āpau.
nā mea pono
Ua kau inoa ʻia ka ʻae hoʻomaopopo e nā poʻe komo noiʻi. Ua ʻae ʻia ka noiʻi e ka Chengdu Medical College Institutional Review Board.
Results
Nā hopena i hōʻike pono ʻia
E like me ka mea i manaʻo ʻia, ua hōʻike ka hui TCA i ka helu PIPUS kiʻekiʻe (19.78 ± 6.40) ma mua o ka hui HC (1.65 ± 1.28), t(68) = 16.65, P <0.001. Hoʻohui ʻia, ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hui TCA ma mua o ka hui HC ma ka pinepine o ka nānā ʻana i nā ponokala kiʻi (3.92 ± 1.54 vs. 1.09 ± 0.87), t(68) = 9.55, P <0.001, a me ka masturbation (2.81 ± 1.22 vs. 1.12 ± 0.91), t(68) = 6.54, P <0.001. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa nā hui TCA a me HC i ke kaumaha i ana ʻia e ka SDS, i ka hopohopo e ana ʻia e ka SAS, a me nā ʻano impulsivity i ana ʻia e ka BIS-11, e hōʻike ana ʻaʻole kēia mau mea i kahi hopohopo i kēia manawa hoʻopaʻa haʻawina. Hana kēia i nā ʻokoʻa a me nā ʻokoʻa ERP e pili pono i nā ana e pili ana i ka cybersex.
Nā hopena Behavioral
ʻO nā ana hou ANOVA o ka pololei, me ka Pūʻulu ma waena o ke kumuhana a me Stimulus ma ke ʻano he kumuhana i loko, hōʻike i kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa no ka deviant (96.27%) ma mua o nā stimuli maʻamau (98.44%), F(1, 68) = 15.67, P <0.001, η2p = 0.19. ʻAʻohe hopena koʻikoʻi e pili ana i nā mea o ka Pūʻulu, Fs <1. E pili ana i ka RT, ua hoʻoliʻiliʻi nā mea hoʻonāukiuki i nā RT lōʻihi i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā stimuli maʻamau, F(1, 68) = 41.58, P <0.001, η2p = 0.38 (ʻike Laau. 2). ʻAʻohe hopena nui no ka Pūʻulu i loaʻa, F(1, 68) = 2.65, P = 0.108, η2p = 0.04. ʻO ka mea nui aku, he mea nui ka hui × stimulus stimulus, F(1, 68) = 4.54, P = 0.037, η2p = 0.06. Ua hōʻike ka hopena maʻalahi o Stimulus i nā stimulus deviant i hoʻonui ʻia i nā RT lōʻihi e hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā stimuli maʻamau i nā hui TCA a me HC, F(1, 35) = 46.28, P <0.001, η2p = 0.57, F(1, 33) = 7.60, P = 0.009, η2p = 0.19. Eia kekahi, ua hōʻike ka hopena maʻalahi o ka Pūʻulu ʻoiai ʻo nā pūʻulu ʻelua i hōʻike i nā RT analogous no nā stimulus maʻamau, F(1, 68) = 0.16, P > 0.68, hōʻike ka hui TCA i nā RT lōʻihi ma mua o ka hui HC no nā stimulus devian, F(1, 68) = 6.68, P = 0.012, η2p = 0.09.
Nā hopena ERP
N2
ʻO nā ana hou ANOVA ma nā amplitude mean o N2, me Stimulus a me nā pūnaewele uila e like me nā mea i hana pinepine ʻia a me ka Pūʻulu ma waena o ke kumuhana i hōʻike ʻia i nā hopena nui o Stimulus. F(1, 68) = 72.72, P <0.001, η2p = 0.52, a me nā pūnaewele uila, F(8, 544) = 130.08, P <0.001, η2p = 0.66, a me kahi Stimulus × uila uila nui pūnaewele pūnaewele, F(8, 544) = 8.46, P <0.001, η2p = 0.11. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea hoʻonāukiuki maʻamau, hoʻonāukiuki nā stimulus deviant i nā amplitude ʻoi aku ma mua a me nā electrode waena. ʻAʻohe hopena nui i loaʻa no ka Pūʻulu, F <1. Eia kekahi, aia kahi hui nui Stimulus launa nui, F(1, 68) = 6.27, P = 0.015, η2p = 0.08. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa amplitude ma waena o nā stimuli deviant a me nā maʻamau i ʻoi aku ka nui ma ka hui HC (-4.38 μV) ma mua o ka hui TCA (-2.39 μV).
Hoʻohui ʻia, nā hopena nui o Stimulus, F(1, 68) = 28.51, P <0.001, η2p = 0.30, a me nā pūnaewele uila, F(8, 544) = 3.52, P = 0.023, η2p = 0.05, ʻike ʻia no nā latency N2. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā stimuli maʻamau, hoʻonāukiuki nā stimulus deviant i nā latency lōʻihi. Ua ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka latena N2 ma nā pūnaewele mua ma mua o nā pūnaewele parietal.
P3
Pēlā nō, nā ana hou ANOVA ma nā amplitude mean o P3 i hōʻike i nā hopena nui o ka Pūʻulu, F(1, 68) = 4.45, P = 0.039, η2p = 0.06, Hoʻonāukiuki, F(1, 68) = 8.31, P = 0.005, η2p = 0.11, a me nā pūnaewele uila, F(8, 544) = 76.03, P <0.001, η2p = 0.53, a me kahi Stimulus × uila uila nui pūnaewele pūnaewele, F(8, 544) = 43.91, P <0.001, η2p = 0.39. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā amplitude ma waena o nā kūlana no ka hui HC (4.12 μV) ma mua o ka hui TCA (1.94 μV). Hoʻokomo nā Deviant stimulus i nā amplitude ʻoi aku i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā stimuli maʻamau ma nā kikowaena a me nā pae parietal. ʻO ka mea nui, he mea nui ka hopena pilina ma waena o Group a Stimulus, F(1, 68) = 4.94, P = 0.03, η2p = 0.07. ʻOiai ua hōʻike ka hui HC i nā amplitude P3 i hoʻonui ʻia no nā stimulus deviant (5.34 μV) ma mua o nā stimulus maʻamau (2.89 μV), F(1, 33) = 11.63, P = 0.002, η2p = 0.26, ʻaʻole hōʻike ka hui TCA i kahi ʻokoʻa amplitude P3 nui ma waena o nā devian (2.10 μV) a me nā kūlana maʻamau (1.78 μV), F <1.
Ua hōʻike ʻia ka loiloi o nā latency P3 i kahi hopena nui o nā pūnaewele Electrode, F(8, 544) = 17.13, P <0.001, η2p = 0.20, ke hōʻike nei i nā latency lōʻihi i ka mua a me nā kikowaena ma mua o nā pūnaewele parietal. ʻO ka pilina ma waena o Stimulus × Electrode pūnaewele he mea nui pū kekahi, F(8, 544) = 16.71, P <0.001, η2p = 0.20, hōʻike i nā latency ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi i hoʻoulu ʻia e nā stimulus deviant ma mua o nā stimulus maʻamau i nā pūnaewele parietal.
kūkākūkā
Hoʻolālā kēia noi e ʻimi i ka hopena o nā mea hoʻonāukiuki i ka BIC ma waena o nā kānaka me TCA i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me HC, ma nā pae a me nā electrophysiological pae, e hoʻohana ana i kahi hana Oddball i koho ʻia ʻelua mau koho me nā leo ERP. ʻO kēia ka noi mua e noiʻi i nā pilina electrophysiological o BIC i loko o ka pōʻaiapili o ka maʻi cybersex me ERP. ʻOiai ua loaʻa nā loiloi mua i kahi loulou ma waena o ke ʻano impulsivity a me nā ʻōuli o ka hoʻoweliweli cybersex (Antos & Brand, 2018; Antos et al., 2019), ʻaʻole i loaʻa kēia noiʻi i kahi ʻokoʻa nui ma nā helu BIS-11 ma waena o nā hui TCA a me HC. Pēlā nō, ʻO Gola et al. (2017) ʻaʻole i loaʻa he ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi i ke ʻano impulsivity ma waena o nā mea hoʻohana ponokala pilikia i ʻike ʻia a me nā mea mālama i nā mea komo. No laila e pono ai kahi noiʻi e hiki mai ana e nānā i kēia loulou i kahi hohonu hohonu.
ʻOiai ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo BIS-11 i ke ʻano o ka impulsivity, ʻo ka hana ʻelua mau koho Oddball e pili ana i kahi ana o ka impulsivity. I ke kikowaena o ka neuropsychology a me ka neuroscience noʻonoʻo, like ka impulsivity i ka BIC, ʻo ia hoʻi ka mana o ka luna o lalo, kahi e kāohi ai i nā pane kūpono ʻole e pili ana i nā koi o kēia wā (Groman et al., 2009). ʻOiai hōʻike nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua i nā hopena o ka BIC i ka wā devian, ua lohi ka pane o ka hui TCA i nā stimulus deviant ma mua o ka hui HC, e hōʻike ana i ka hiki i ka BIC ʻilihuna. Hele pū nā ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa me nā ʻokoʻa hui i ka awelika o nā amplitude o N2 a me P3 i ka nalu ʻokoʻa deviant-standard. ʻO ka mea kikoʻī, ua hōʻike ka hui TCA i nā ʻokoʻa amplitude N2 a me P3 liʻiliʻi no ka deviant ma mua o nā stimuli maʻamau i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka hui HC. Hōʻike nā hopena i nā mea hoʻonāukiuki i nā hana ponokalaʻi pili ʻole i ka BIC o kēlā me kēia kanaka me TCA.
I loko o kēia noi ʻana, ua ʻike ka poʻe komo i ka hakakā pane ke pane lākou i nā mea hoʻonāukiuki pinepine ʻole i loko o ka pōʻaiapili o nā stimulus maʻamau maʻamau i loaʻa i kahi pane prepotent. ʻO kēia paio pane i hoʻokomo i kahi mea nui N2 i loko o ka nalu ʻokoʻa kūlike ʻole, me nā amplitude nui loa ma nā alo o mua a me nā kikowaena. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā noiʻi ma mua e hōʻike ana i kahi nūhou fronto-waena od2ball i hoʻoulu ʻia e nā stimulus deviant, e like me NoGo N2 i loaʻa i ka hana Go / NoGo, i ʻae ʻia ma ke ʻano he papa kuhikuhi o ka nānā hakakā (Donkers & Van Boxtel, 2004; Nieuwenhuis et al., 2003). ʻO ka amplitude N2 me ka ʻike hakakā ua ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka ʻike ʻole o ka hakakā (ʻO Donkers & Van Boxtel, 2004). Ma aneʻi, hōʻike nā hui TCA a me HC i nā ʻāpana N2 e pili ana i ka devian. Hōʻike kēia i hiki i nā pūʻulu ʻelua ke ʻike i ka paio pane i ka wā devian. Eia naʻe, ua hōʻike ka hui TCA i nā ʻokoʻa amplitude liʻiliʻi no ka deviant ma mua o nā kūlana maʻamau i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka hui HC. Hōʻike kēia i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa hoʻolohe ʻana i hāʻawi ʻia i ka hui TCA me ka hui HC, e alakaʻi ana i ka hoʻomākaukau maikaʻi ʻole no ka BIC hope (ʻO Eimer, 1993). No laila, i ke kaʻina hana ma mua o ka hoʻokō ʻia ʻana o ka moto, hōʻike ka hui TCA i nā hana noʻonoʻo mua hemahema e pono ai e hoʻokō i ka BIC.
Eia kekahi, ua loaʻa kahi mea nui P3, me nā amplitude nui loa ma nā pūnaewele parietal, i ka pae 300-500 ms o ka nalu ʻokoʻa kūlike ʻole. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā noiʻi i hala aku nei ua ʻike ʻia ʻo P3 i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā nogo stimulus (e hōʻike ana ma hope o BIC) i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka mea i hoʻoulu ʻia i nā hana Go / NoGo (Donkers & Van Boxtel, 2004; Nieuwenhuis et al., 2005). Hoʻonui ka amplitude o P3 me ka ulu ʻana o nā kumuwaiwai ʻike. Kūlike me nā mea o nā aʻo mua, nā stimulus deviant e pili ana i ka BIC i kēia noi ʻana i loaʻa ka nui o nā amplitude P3 ma mua o nā stimuli maʻamau. ʻO ka mea nui, ʻo ka nui o ka P3 pili i ka devian i ka hui TCA i ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o kēlā i ka hui HC. Ua hōʻike ʻia i ke kaʻina BIC hemahema ma lalo o nā ʻano deviant i ka hui TCA.
No laila, ʻoi aku ka N2 a me ka P3 amplitude i ʻōlelo ʻia ma ka hui TCA e pili ana i ka hui HC hiki ke manaʻo ʻia he mau māka no nā deficit neural ma BIC. Kākoʻo kā mākou noi i ka manaʻo ʻo ka impulsivity kahi mea pilikia no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi cybersex (Antons & Brand, 2018; Antons et al., 2019). Kūlike kēia me nā hopena o ka hapanui o nā noiʻi e pili ana i ka maʻi hoʻohana i nā lāʻau (eg, Sokhadze, Stewart, Hollifield, & Tasman, 2008; Zhao et al., 2017), maʻi piliwaiwai (eg, Kertzman et al., 2008), a me ka hoʻoponopono pūnaewele (e laʻa me, Zhou, Yuan, Yao, Li, & Cheng, 2010). Ua hoʻokūpaʻa kēia mau noiʻi i nā hemahema i ka BIC i kēlā me kēia kanaka me ka hoʻohana pono ʻole ʻana i ka lāʻau a me nā ʻano mea pili i ka lawena i pili me nā amplitude N2 a me / a i ʻole P3. No laila, hōʻike nā hopena a me nā hopena electrophysiological o kēia noi i ka ʻāpiki ʻana i ka cybersex e kaʻana like i nā neuropsychological a me nā ʻano ERP o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau a i ʻole nā ʻano lawena.
ʻO kahi ʻano hiki ke alakaʻi ʻia i ka BIC hōʻino i nā poʻe me TCA ka hōʻike ʻana i ka reactivity a me ka ʻiʻini ke nānā nei i nā kiʻi ponokala kiʻi e hoʻokomo iā lākou i nā kiʻi ponokala kiʻi. No laila, ka hana o nā kumuwaiwai noʻonoʻo e hoʻopili i ka hana o ka hui TCA i nā hana ʻike. Wahi a ke kaʻina hana pālua o ke kolohe (Brand et al., 2019; Dong & Potenza, 2014; Wiers et al., 2007; Zilverstand & Goldstein, 2020), hiki i nā ʻano hana hoʻopulapula ke pili i ka mana o ka hoʻokūkū hoʻokūkū ʻia ʻana o nā ʻōnaehana. I ka hana hoʻopūpā, eia nō naʻe, kaohi ʻia ka ʻōnaehana noʻonoʻo e ka ʻōnaehana impulsive. Hoʻonui ka paʻakikī o kēia pilina no nā poʻe me TCA e kaohi i ka hana cybersex me ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole. ʻOiai pili ka hana ʻana i nā mea hoʻonāukiuki ponokala me nā hanana lolo e pili ana i ka nānā a me ka hoʻāla ʻana (Paul et al., 2008), nā kiʻi ponokala kiʻi i ka hana ʻo Oddball ʻElua Koho me he mea lā e ʻoi aku ka nānā i ka hui TCA ma mua o ka hui HC. No laila, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e ka hana BIC ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, nā hopena o nā kiʻi ponokala kiʻi i nā kānaka me TCA e hoʻohuli ikaika loa ʻia mai nā koina hana. ʻO ke kumumanaʻo, makemake ka makemake a me ka cue reactivity e hoʻopili me nā deficit i ka BIC i ka hihia o ka maʻi pāʻani pūnaewele a me nā ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka Pūnaewele (Brand et al., 2019; ʻO Dong a me Potenza, 2014). I ka noiʻi e hiki mai ana, pono e nānā ʻia ka pilina ma waena o nā neural correlates o ka cue reactivity a me ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka BIC e hoʻomaopopo pono ai i nā ʻano hana o ka lilo o ka kaohi ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka cybersex. ʻO kahi laʻana, hiki i nā noiʻi i ka wā e hiki mai ana ke loiloi i nā pae o ka moekolohe a me ka ʻiʻini ma mua a ma hope o ka hōʻike ʻana i nā kiʻi ponokala kiʻi e hoʻoholo ai inā pilikia lākou i ka hiki i ka poʻe BIC (Laier et al., 2013).
ʻO kā mākou ʻike ma aneʻi he ʻike nui a koʻikoʻi hoʻi. ʻO ke kumumanaʻo, ʻo kā mākou hopena e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka cybersex e like me ka maʻi hoʻohana a me ka maʻi impulse control in term of impulsivity at electrophysiological and behaviour pae. Hiki paha i kā mākou mau mea i loaʻa ke hoʻonāukiuki i ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa mau e pili ana i ka hiki ʻana o ka lāʻau cybersex ma ke ʻano he ʻano psychiatric maʻi. Ma ke ʻano Clinical, hōʻike kā mākou hopena e hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā ERP e noiʻi i nā hana neurocognitive (e like me BIC), no laila e kahakaha ana i nā kaʻina hana noʻonoʻo e kamaʻilio ʻia i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka cybersex (Campanella et al., 2019). Ma waho aʻe o ka pono o nā ERP i ka ʻike ʻana i nā hemahema o ka mea maʻi, ua mālama ʻia nā noiʻi e nānā i ka hopena ERPs i ka maʻi maʻi psychiatric (Campanella, 2013). I ke kahua o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana ma ka Pūnaewele, ua hoʻohana kekahi mau noiʻi i nā lipine ERP e loiloi ai i nā pono kōkua kūpono (Ge et al., 2011; ʻO Zhu et al., 2012). Kuhi kēia mau noiʻi i ke ana ʻana o ERP i hiki ke hele i kahi kūpono no ka loiloi ʻana i ka maikaʻi a me ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka lolo o ka hoʻoponopono ʻike no nā maʻi addict.
Nui nā palena i kēia hoʻopaʻa ʻana. ʻO ka mea mua, ua noiʻi mākou i nā mea komo kāne wale nō no ka mea ʻo ka maʻi kīpē cybersex ka manaʻo nui he pilikia kāne. ʻO kahi laʻana, ua ʻike ʻia nā noiʻi ma mua i ka hōʻike ʻana o nā kāne i nā ponokala kiʻi i ka wā ʻōpio, e hoʻopau i nā kiʻi pono ʻole (Hald, 2006), a e ʻike paha i nā pilikia e hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā wahine (Ballester-Arnal, Castro Calvo, Gil-Llario, & GilJulia, 2017). Eia nō naʻe, ua hōʻike nā haʻawina e hoʻohālikelike ana i nā hoʻohālikelike kāne a me nā wahine i ka hana ʻana i nā ponokala kiʻi i kekahi mau wahi lolo i ʻoi aku ka hoʻoulu ʻia i nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine (eg, Wehrum et al., 2013). No laila, pono nā noiʻi e hiki mai ana e nānā i nā ʻokoʻa wahine i ka BIC i ka wā o ka hana ʻana i nā kiʻi ponokala. ʻO ka lua, ʻaʻole i noʻonoʻo kēia noi i kahi laʻana kikoʻī kikoʻī. ʻO kēia no ka mea ʻaʻohe ʻae e pili ana i ka wehewehe olakino o ka maʻi ʻōnaehana cybersex. Pono e hoʻopaʻa i nā noiʻi e hiki mai ana i kahi hoʻokolohua hoʻohālikelike o nā mea pane me ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana i ka cybersex a me nā mea pane me ka ʻole o ka maʻi cybersex e hoʻoholo inā aia kahi ʻano pane maʻamau. ʻO ke kolu, ʻo kēia ka ʻike mua e noi ai i ka hana ʻElua Koho Oddball i ka pōʻaiapili o ka cybersex. No laila, pono e hoʻohālikelike i kēia mau hopena noiʻi mua me nā hana ʻē aʻe e like me Go / Nogo a Stop-Signal paradigms. Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi i hōʻike ʻia i kēlā me kēia kanaka me ka ʻoi loa o ke koʻikoʻi o ka hōʻona cybersex i hana maikaʻi ʻia ma ka hana Stop-Signal (Antons & Brand, 2020). Hōʻike kēia i nā noiʻi ʻana ma BIC i ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana i ka cybersex he mea ʻole a kūlike ʻole ia. no laila, pono e noiʻi hou e hōʻike hou i kēia. ʻO ka mea hope loa, ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa mau nei i waena o ka poʻe ʻepekema inā he kuhi nā kiʻi ponokala kiʻi (Hoʻopau, Steele, Staley, Sabatinelli, & Hajcak, 2016) a i ʻole nā uku (ʻO Gola, Wordecha, Marchewka, & Sescousse, 2016). Hoʻohālikelike ke kumumanaʻo hōʻeuʻeu ʻelua i nā ʻāpana maʻamau o ka "makemake" a me ka "makemake," a ʻike ʻia ka mea hōʻalo e ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka "makemake" e pili ana i ka cue a me ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi "makemake" e pili ana i ka ukuRobinson, Fischer, Ahuja, Lesser, & Maniates, 2015). ʻO nā paradigms hoʻokolohua hou aku, nā wehewehe wehewehe, a me nā uku e koi ʻia i nā noi e hiki mai ana. He mea pono nō hoʻi e nānā i ka moekolohe a me ka makemake no nā mea hoʻonāukiuki i nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni a e nānā i kā lākou pili i nā hōʻailona electrophysiological.
I ka hōʻuluʻulu, ua hoʻonui mākou i nā mea i loaʻa ma mua e hōʻike i kēlā me kēia kanaka me TCA hōʻike i nā deficit neural kikoʻī no nā kiʻi ponokala i nā wā mua a me nā hope o ke kaʻina pāpā. Hōʻike ka ʻikepili a me nā ʻikepili electrophysiological o kēia noi e hiki i ka ʻāpuna cybersex ke kaʻanalike i nā neuropsychological a me nā ERP ʻano o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau a i ʻole nā ʻano lawena, e kākoʻo ana i ka manaʻo e hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia ka ʻākena cybersex ma ke ʻano he ʻae lawena
ʻO nā kumuwaiwai kālā
Ua kākoʻo ʻia kēia hana e ka National Science Science Foundation o Chin (hāʻawi helu: 31700980).
ʻO ka hāʻawiʻana o nā mea hoʻohana
Pili ʻo JW a me BD i ka noʻonoʻo aʻo a me ka hoʻolālā. Ua pili ʻo JW i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻike, ka helu helu, a ua kākau i ka palapala. Ua pili ʻo JW a me BD i ka nānā noiʻi ʻana a hoʻoponopono i ka palapala. Loaʻa i nā mea kākau āpau ke komo piha i nā ʻikepili āpau i ke aʻo ʻana a kuleana i ka pono o ka ʻike a me ka pololei o ka ʻikepili.
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Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā ʻikepili hoʻohui i kēia ʻatikala ma ka pūnaewele ma https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.2020.00059.
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