Hana pūʻia ka pilina e pili ana i ka piliʻana i ka moekino a me ka manaʻo pilikino (2018)

ʻO J Behav Addict. 2018 Aug 29: 1-6. hoʻopiʻi: 10.1556 / 2006.7.2018.66.

Zlot Y¹, Goldstein M¹, Cohen K¹, Weinstein A¹.

Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo

Ke kumu a me nā manaʻo

Hoʻonui nui ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka Pūnaewele no ka hakakā ʻana a me ke kumu pilikino. ʻO ka pahuhopu o kēia noi e noiʻi ʻana i ka haʻawina o ka hopohopo a me ka makemake ʻana e ʻimi nei i nā helu ʻana o ka male ʻana i ka moekolohe i waena o ka poʻe e hoʻohana nei i nā pūnaewele ʻoihana pūnaewele.

Nā Papahana

Ka nui o nā poʻe 279 (128 kāne a me 151 wahine), me ka nui makahiki he 25 mau makahiki (SD = 2.75) a me ka makahiki o 18-38, pane ʻia i nā nīnau nīnau ma ka Pūnaewele. Ua loaʻa i nā nīnau nīnau nā kikoʻī demographic, Leibowitz Social An depression Scale, Zuckerman Sensation Seeking Scale, a me ka hoʻowalewale hoʻomaʻemaʻe helu (SAST).

Results

Ua hōʻike aku nā mea hoʻohana o nā polokalamu pili pūnaewele pūnaewele i nā helu kiʻekiʻe ma ka SAST ma mua o nā mea hoʻohana ʻole. ʻO ka lua, ua loaʻa i nā helu haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o nā kānaka i hōʻemi ʻia he mau haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma mua o nā mea i komo. ʻAʻohe ʻokoʻa o ka huli ʻana i ka helu ʻona ma waena o nā mea komo me nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka moekolohe.

Nā kūkā a me nā hopena

Hōʻike nā hopena o kēia noiʻi ʻana i ka hopohopo olakino ma mua o ka ʻimi ʻana ʻana i ka wahine a i ʻole ka wahine he mea nui ia e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā polokalamu pili pūnaewele pūnaewele no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hoa moe.

KAHAKU: nā noi pili ʻana; ʻimi ʻia; hoʻohui wahine; pōpilikia kūwaho

PMID: 30156117

DOI: 10.1556 / 2006.7.2018.66

Introduction

Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka moekolohe a i ʻole ka maʻi hypersexual e kahi koi pono no ka hōʻoluʻolu koke ʻana i nā kāne ka makemake (Carnes, 2001). Ua hōʻike ʻia nā pono diagnostic pono no ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka moekolohe akā ʻaʻole i hōʻoia ʻia me ka ʻepekema ʻana. ʻO ka nele o nā hōʻike empirical e pili ana i ka heleʻana i ka moekolohe, ʻo ia ka hopena o ka haʻalele ʻole o ka maʻi mai nā helu o ka Ka Papa Hana Hoʻonaʻauao a me Heluhelu o nā Mino Lō (DSM). Ua hoʻonui nui ka noi ʻana e kūleʻa i ke ʻano hypersexual i kēia mau makahiki i hala a ua alakaʻi kēia i ka makemake nui i ka helu ʻana i ke ʻano o ka hoʻohui ʻana (Karila et al., 2014). Hoʻopili kekahi i nā hana kūlike i ka manawa o ka hana me ka masturbation nui aʻe, ka pona kiʻi pūnaewele, ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka Pūnaewele no ke kīhaka ma ke ʻano he hopena maikaʻi ʻole, a me nā hopena noʻonoʻo a me ka hoʻokele (Karila et al., 2014). ʻOiai e ulu nei ka makemake i ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka moekolohe i ka hana noiʻi a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa kino ʻana, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ia me ka maʻi psychiatric e ka lima ʻelima o DSM (DSM-5; AhahuiʻApelika Psychiatric Association, 2013). Nui nā noiʻi epidemiological a me nā manaʻo he nui no ka mālamaʻana i nā diagnostic a no laila he paʻakikī ke kuhi i ka pā pinepine o kēia hanana. Hoʻololi ʻia ka hoʻohālikelike o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka male ʻana ma waena o 3% a me 16.8% i loko o nā haʻawina like ʻole, aʻo ka hapa nui o nā haʻawina ua ʻike ʻia ma waena o 3% a me 6% i ka lehulehu ʻōpiopio.Karila et al., 2014). Ma kahi noiʻi e noiʻi ana i nā pilikino 2,450 mai ka lehulehu ākea o Sweden, ʻo 12% o nā kāne a me 6.8% o nā wahine i helu ʻia ma hypersexual (Långström & Hanson, 2006), ʻoiai ma USA, ua manaʻo ʻia ka prevalence o ka hoʻohui wahine ma 3% –6% (Carnes, 1992).

Ma luna o USA, hoʻohana ʻo 45% o nā ʻAmelika i nā noi ma ke kelepona a me 7% o lākou e hoʻohana ana iā lākou no ka hana hoa wahine (Smith & Duggan, 2013). Ua wehewehe aku ka mea kākau e ko lākou hoʻokō ʻana i kā lākou aʻo mua ʻana no ka hoʻopaʻa pūnaewele ʻana, ʻo ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ka iPhone ʻo 2 mau makahiki i ka wā e hiki mai ana. I kēia lā heʻoi aku ma mua o ka hapalua o nā mākua ʻAmelika āpau nā haku paʻani, a lawe ʻia ʻo ia i ke kiʻi ma ka smartphone. Nui nā noi pūnaewele-pūnaewele i waena o nā poʻe o kā lākou 20's a hiki i kā lākou mid-30's (Smith & Duggan, 2013). ʻO kēia manawaʻoi aku, e hoʻonui ana ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā noi o ka pūnaewele-pili pūnaewele ma nā kelepona no ke kumu o ka moekolohe, ʻo ia hoʻi he kahua no ka kiʻi ʻana i nā kāne. Ua noiʻi mākou i nā pilina ma waena o ka pilina pūnaewele a me ka male ʻana. ʻO ka lua, aia kahi hōʻike anecdotal a me nā mea lapaʻau e ʻike ʻia ana nā mea kūlike me ka moekolohe i nā mea hoʻohana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau e hana nei no ka ʻimi ʻana a me ka huli ʻana.Fong, 2006; Perry, Accordino, & Hewes, 2007). No laila, noiʻi ka noiʻi i ka hana o ka makaʻimi ʻana e ʻimi nei i waena o nā poʻe e hoʻohana nei i nā palapala hoʻohana pūnaewele pūnaewele. ʻO ka hope loa, ua pili kekahi hopohopo pili i ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i ka Pūnaewele (Shepherd & Edelmann, 2005; Weinstein, Dorani, et al., 2015). No laila, ua noiʻi paha inā e pili ana ka hopohopo pili i ka pili hoʻomake i waena o nā kānaka e hoʻohana nei i nā noi pūnaewele. I ka ʻike ʻana o ka ulu ʻana o ka hōʻike no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā kāne i loko o ke kāne a me nā wahine i ʻekikina.Weinstein, Zolek, Babkin, Cohen, & Lejoyeux, 2015), ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā kāne a me nā wahine ma kēia noiʻi i mea e nānā ai i nā hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i waena o kēia lāhui. Ua naʻau ʻia me ka ʻimi ʻana o ka naʻau, ke hopohopo a ka lehulehu, a me ka wahine i ke ʻano like ʻole o ka nui o nā mea i pili i ka moekolohe.

Nā Papahana

Ua lawe ʻia ka nui o nā poʻe komo ma 284 i ke aʻo ʻana, akā ʻaʻole ʻelima mau mea i hoʻokō ʻia i nā koina i hoʻokomo ʻia a ua haʻalele ʻia. ʻAʻohe i komo nā poʻe i komo no ka maʻi psychiatric e pili ana i ka mōʻaukala o ka nānā ʻana i ka maʻi kūpono hyperactivity (ADHD) i mālama ʻia me ka methylphenidate, hōʻino nā neurological, e lawe ana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e pili ana i ka CNS, hōʻino nā neurological, nā maʻi hōʻeha e pili ana i ka CNS (HIV, syphilis, a me nā herpes. ), wahine hāpai, a i ʻole makahiki ma lalo o 18 mau makahiki. ʻO nā hōʻuluʻulu helu komo nā makahiki o 18-45 kāne a me nā wahine i hoʻohana pinepine i ka Pūnaewele. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka hopena hope loa ma 279, kahi o 128 i kāne (45.9%) a ʻo 151 ka wahine (54.1%). Ma kahi holoʻokoʻa makahiki he 25 mau makahiki (SD = 2.75) a me nā makahiki he 19-38 mau makahiki. ʻO ka makahiki maʻamau o nā kāne he 25.75 mau makahiki (SD = 2.83) a ʻo nā wahine he 24.5 mau makahiki (SD = 2.55). Kanaha pākēneka o nā poʻe i komo i hoʻohana i nā noi pili aloha i ka wā i hala a me kēia manawa a 60% ʻaʻole. Ma waena o nā kāne, 50.8% i hoʻohana i nā noi pili aloha a ʻaʻole i hoʻohana ʻia e 49.2%. Ma waena o nā wahine, 68.2% i hoʻohana i nā noi pili aloha a 31.8% ʻaʻole i hoʻohana iā lākou. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea i komo ua wehewehe iā lākou iho he heterosexuals (89.2%), ʻoiai ʻo 4.7% he poʻe kāne a ʻo 5.7% he mau bisexual. ʻO kahi ʻāpana nui o ka hāpana i kēia manawa he ʻike aʻo a like paha i ʻike ʻia (70.2%) a ʻo ke koena o ka hāpana he 12 mau makahiki o ke aʻo ʻana. Hoʻohui ʻia, hapa hana ʻole o nā mea komo (30.1%), hana ka hapa nui o nā mea komo i nā manawa manawa hapa (48.7%), a i ʻole nā ​​hana manawa piha (21.1%).

Pākuhi

Ke Kaʻina hana

Ua hoʻolaha ʻia nā nīnau noiʻi ma ka pūnaewele me nā ʻoihana pūnaewele a me nā ʻaha kūkala i hoʻolaʻa ʻia no ka pāʻani a me ke ʻano hoʻonaʻauao. Ua pane nā wahi e pili ana i nā nīnau ninaninau ma ka Pūnaewele. Ua hōʻike ʻia iā lākou e noiʻi ana ka noiʻi i ka pili ʻana i ka moekolohe a i ʻole hoʻi i nīnau ʻia nā nīnau no ka noiʻi.

Ka helu helu helu a me ka ikepili

Hana ʻia ka huli ʻana o nā hualoaʻa ma ka Pūnaewele Package no Social Science a me AMOS no nā puka aniani v.21 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA).

Ma mua o ka loiloi ʻana o Kolmogorov-Smirnov hoʻokolohua o ka normality i hana ʻia no ka hopohopo makaʻā, ʻimi ʻimi, a me nā moʻoʻōlelo hoʻoili. ʻAʻole i ʻike pinepine ʻia ka ʻimi ʻimi ʻana a me ka helu ʻana i ka moekolohe ʻana, ua hoʻohuli ʻia kēia mau ʻōuli. ʻO nā ʻikepili e pili ana i ka wahine, ka makahiki, ka wahine pili, ke kūlana male, ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana, ka hoʻomana, ka hoʻonaʻauao, nā hana, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā palapala paʻi no nā loiloi.² hōʻike.

Ua hōʻike ʻia ka pilina ma waena o ka hopohopo a me ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka wahine me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻano ʻano like ʻole me nā haʻalili no nā hopohopo pili kino i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻehā mau māka, he like ʻole o ka male ʻana me ka male ʻana, liʻiliʻi addiction, addiction sex addiction, and major sex addiction. Ma hope o ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana ma hope o ka hoc, tUa hoʻohana ʻia nā hana e hoʻohālikelike ai i nā helu hopohopo a me nā helu ʻimi ʻana ma waena o nā pūʻulu o nā hui.

nā mea pono

Ua ʻāpono ʻia ka aʻo ʻana e ka Papa Hoʻolālā Institution (IRB, Helsinki Komite) o ke Keʻena o Ariel. Ua hoʻopaʻa inoa nā mea āpau i kahi palapala i ʻae ʻia ma ka ʻike.

Results

ʻO nā helu kaumaha pili ʻana i ka piliona a me ka hōʻiliʻili maʻamau (mean = 1.84, SD = 0.5), akā nā helu ma ka ʻimi manaʻo (mean = 55.52, SD = 6.14) a me ka hoʻopili wahine (mean = 4.59, SD = 3.72) he asymmetrical nā nīnau nīnau a ua hoʻololi ʻia ke aʻa e hiki ai i ka mahele maʻamau.

ʻAʻohe hopena o ke kāne kāne [t(1, 282) = 0.75, p = NS], pae aʻo [t(1, 277) = 0.68, p = NS], kūlana hana [t(2, 279) = 1.28, p = NS], ʻano noho [t(1, 280) = 0.19, p = NS], a i ʻole makahiki (r = −.10, p = NS) ma nā helu ʻai make kolohe. Eia hou, ʻaʻohe pilina koʻikoʻi ma waena o SSS subscales o disinhibition (M = 14.4, SD = 2.4, r = .07, p = NS), ʻoluʻolu a me ka ʻimi ʻana i ka huakaʻi (M = 15.5, SD = 2.95, r = −.10, p = NS), a me ka ʻimi ʻana i ka ʻike (M = 15.18, SD = 2.11, r = .04, p = NS) me nā helu SAST. Eia naʻe, ua loaʻa ka pilina maikaʻi ma waena o ka palaka o ka pōpilikia (M = 13.16, SD = 1.71) me ka helu SAST holoʻokoʻa (r = .10, p <.05).

Hōʻike ʻia nā helu ma nā nīnau no ka helu ʻana i ka sex addiction, i hōʻike ʻia nā helu 28 (10%) i ʻole ka male ʻana, moeʻuhane 101 (36.2%) i hōʻike i nā helu liʻiliʻi o nā hoʻoili male wahine, 52% (18.6%) i hōʻike i ke kiʻekiʻe waena o ka hoʻohui wahine, a me nā hui o 98 (35.1 %) hōʻike i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ke kamaʻilio wahine ma ke ʻano he palena i ho'ākāka ʻia e Carnes (1991). Ma nā ʻōlelo i pili i ka moeʻuhane, ua hōʻike nā mea komo 24 i nā preoccupations, ua hōʻike nā mea hoʻohana 9 i ka nalowale o ka mālama a me ka haunaele o ka pilina, a hōʻike ʻia nā mea komo 50 e pili ana i nā haunaele. Hoʻokahi haneli haneli o nā mea i komo aku i ka hana hōʻino kino i ko lākou wā i hala. Ma waena o nā wahine, hōʻike ʻo 17.9% i ka hōʻino wahine i ka wā kamaliʻi a ʻo kona wā ʻōpio, ʻoiai hoʻi ma waena o nā kāne he haʻahaʻa loa (0.8%).

Hoʻohālikelike ka helu pili ʻana i ka moekolohe ma waena o nā mea i hoʻohana i nā noi hoa ʻōlelo (mean = 5.15, SD = 3.49) a me ka poʻe i hoʻohana ʻole (mean = 4.21, SD = 3.83) hōʻike he mea nui ma waena o ka ʻokoʻa o ka pūʻulu i nā helu ʻai hōʻalo wahine [t(1, 277) = 2.086, p <.05]. ʻO ka lua, ʻo nā mea komo i loaʻa nā helu haʻahaʻa o ka moekolohe ma ke ʻano he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ka hopohopo kaiāulu ma mua o nā mea komo me nā helu kiʻekiʻe o ka moekolohet(1, 228) = −3.44, p <.01]. Pākaukau 1 hōʻike i nā helu ʻana i ka hopohopo a me ka ʻimi ʻana e pili ana i ka moekolohe.

1 Pūnaewele. Nā hōʻailona o ka hopohopo ʻāwili [manaʻo (SD)] a me ka ʻimi ʻanaSD)] e pili ana i ka pilina hoʻomau

Kākau. SD: ke kuhi kaulike.

kūkākūkā

Hōʻike nā hualoaʻa o kēia noiʻi i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka male ʻana i ka moekolohe i waena o nā poʻe i hoʻohana i nā noi kiʻi no ka pili ʻana i ka wahine ma ka Pūnaewele. ʻAʻohe ʻano kūpono ma waena o nā helu o ka nānā ʻana a me ka moekolohe. ʻO ka mea hope loa, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i nā hoʻokaʻawale wahine i ka hoʻokau wahine ma waena o kā mākou hoʻohālike, e like me kā kā mākou noi ʻana ma mua o ka cybersex a me nā kiʻi paha?Weinstein, Zolek, et al., 2015).

Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina mua i nā comorbidities psychiatric o ke hoʻohui ʻana i ka moekolohe, me ka nalo kino, ke kaumaha a me ka hopohopo (Garcia & Thibaut, 2010; Mick & Hollander, 2006; Semaille, 2009), ka pōpilikia pāpaho, dysthymia, ADHD (Pākuʻi, 2008), hoʻopilikia i ka hana maʻi (Weiss & Samenow, 2010) a me ke kaumaha i post-traumaticCarnes, 1991). ʻO ka hopohopo a me nā hopohopo ka mea maʻamau i nā mea hoʻoweliweli ʻē aʻe ʻē aʻe, e like me ka leʻa pathological (Lorains, Cowlishaw, & Thomas, 2011), ke kūʻai mai (Mueller et al., 2010; Weinstein, Mezig, Mizrachi, & Lejoyeux, 2015), Ka'ānoninan Internet (Kaess et al., 2014; Ko et al., 2014; Weinstein, Dorani, et al., 2015), ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa hana (Weinstein, Maayan, & Weinstein, 2015). ʻAʻole maopopo ke ʻano he ala kūpono ʻole ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana me ke kaumaha a i ʻole ka hopohopo a i ʻole ke kaumaha a me ka hopohopo i kū ʻia ma muli o ke ʻano o ka hoʻohui ʻana. Ua hoʻokūpaʻa ʻia kahi pilina ma waena o ka hopohopo, ke kaumaha ʻana, a me ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka pūnaewele ma waena o nā kāne o South Korea.Cho, Sung, Shin, Lim, & Shin, 2013) a me ka hoʻopā nui o ke kaumaha, huhū, a me ka hopohopo i ka hopena o ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kamaʻilio pūnaewele ma waena o nā ʻōpio.Ko et al., 2014). ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, nā makaʻuʻole, ka hoʻonāukiuki, a me ka hopohopoʻōnaehana i emi i ke kaʻina o ke kala ʻana. ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia nā ʻokoʻa pili o ka moe kolohe i loko o kā mākou hoʻohālike, e like me kā kā mākou noi mua ʻana e pili ana i ka cybersex a me nā kiʻi paha?Weinstein, Zolek, et al., 2015). He hiki ʻole i waena o nā kānaka i waena o ka Pūnaewele, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kaulike ma waena o nā kāne a me nā wahine. He hiki pū nō hoʻi ke ʻano o ka stereotype moe kāne, ʻoi aku ka ʻaha kāne i hoʻopili a pili a moʻi i ke kāne, ʻaʻole ia he ʻelele o ka poʻe ʻōpiopio i ʻoi aku a ʻano like ʻole.

He maʻalahi a maʻalahi ke kiʻi i ka wahine manaʻo ma mua o ka honua maoli a piha i nā manawa hou hou aʻe no kekahi ʻano poʻe i makemake nui i ka pilina pili i ka moe kolohe me ka poʻe i pili i ka moekolohe. ʻO ka laʻana, kahi o nā noi laʻa e hiki ai i ka mea hoʻohana ke loaʻa nā mea hoʻohana o ka noi i loko o kahi ākea a hiki ke kōkua inā holo ʻoe ma ke kaʻa e ʻimi ana i kahi hoa hana. Hoʻomaopopo ka hoʻohui ʻana ma ka Pūnaewele ma ke ʻano he nānā ʻana, ka hoʻoiho ʻana i nā kūʻai kūhelu pūnaewele, a i ʻole ke hoʻohana ʻana i nā keʻena kamaʻilio no ka pāʻani ʻana a me nā manaʻo no nā pākeke (ʻO Cooper, Delmonico, Griffin-Shelley, & Mathy, 2004; Weinstein, Zolek, et al., 2015; ʻO Young, 2008). ʻO ka Pūnaewele kahi wahi palekana no nā mea kolohe kolohe a me nā hana hana pilikino ka mea palekana i ke kino ma mua o ka hana pilikino i ke ola maoli (Griffiths, 2012). He pilikia ka poʻe pili i ka wahine i ke kāohi ʻana i kā lākou mau pahu a ua pinepine lākou i ka mōʻaukala o ka lāʻau, ka waiʻona, a me ka addotite nikotine (Karila et al., 2014), nā hopena maikaʻi loa i kā lāua male a me ka ʻohana ʻohana.Schneider, 2003; Manning, 2006). Kanaka (2001) hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻo ka Pūnaewele no nā mea moekolohe ke like me ka cocaine crack no nā mea hana ʻino psychostimulant. ʻO Cooper et al. (2004) ʻo wai kekahi o nā pūʻulu paionia o nā mea noiʻi o ka moekolohe ma ka Pūnaewele ʻike ʻia hiki i nā mea hoʻopili wahine ke lilo 11 hola ma ka pūnaewele i kēlā me kēia pule a ʻike i nā pilikia ma nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ke ola. ʻAʻole i loaʻa i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe kahi pilina ma waena o nā pilikia o kēlā me kēia lā a me ka manawa i hoʻohana ʻia ma ka pūnaewele ma nā pūnaewele ponokala. ʻO ka hope loa, e lawe i nā pilikia moekolohe (ʻO Bancroft et al., 2003; ʻO Bancroft & Vukadinovic, 2004; Kalichman & Rompa, 1995, 2001) a ke ʻimi nei i ka hoihoi i ka wahine (Kalichman & Rompa, 1995; Zuckerman, 1979) pili pinepine aku me ka wahine impulsivity (Hoyle, Fefjar, & Miller, 2000). Ua hoʻopili ʻia kēia mau kiʻi ʻana i nā ʻano e pili ana i ka maʻi mai ka moekolohe, ka huhū ʻana o nā hoa pili, nā kāne ʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, nā māmala koho ʻole, a me nā hoʻohana lāʻau lapaʻau psychoactive (Hayaki, Anderson, & Stein, 2006; ʻO Justus, Finn, & Steinmetz, 2000; Lejuez, Simmons, Aklin, Kaikamahine, & Dvir, 2004; ʻO Teese & Bradley, 2008; Seal & Agostinelli, 1994). Hōʻike nā hopena o ke aʻo ʻana i ka pili o ka ʻimi ʻana i ka ʻimi ʻana a me ke ʻano o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka moekolohe i ka poʻe e hoʻohana ana i nā palapala noi. He mea hiki ke pae koʻikoʻi i loko o kā mākou poʻe mea e hōʻemi i ka hopohopo kūlohelohe ma mua o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hauʻoli a me ka ʻimi ʻana. ʻO ka male ʻana i ka moekolohe ma ke kiʻi ʻoiaʻiʻo e hoʻoikaika i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka pilikia a me ka poʻe i loaʻa nā pilikia pili ʻole ma mua o ka hauʻoli. ʻIke ʻia nā mea hoʻohana o nā noi pūnaewele-kaomi hou aku i ka launa pū kekahi a me ka hoʻopiʻi hewa ʻana aku ma mua o ka lawehala.

hoʻokau

Ua hoʻohana ʻia kēia noiʻi ʻana i kahi loiloi pūnaewele Pūnaewele nona ka ʻike nui ʻole akā ʻike ka mana o nā nīnau nīnau nīnau. ʻAʻole hiki ke kūpono iā ia no ka paona o ka nohona a me ka makaʻu, ʻaʻole i pololei ka huki a wehe paha nā mea e pili ana i kā lākou pane. ʻO ka lua, ʻaʻole mākou i noʻonoʻo i ka hoʻohana pinepine ʻana o ka palapala noi a aia paha he ʻano confounding ʻokoʻa.

hopena a

Ua hoʻāʻo ʻia kēia noiʻi e hoʻohui i ko mākou ʻike i ka pili ʻana i ka moekolohe, ka ʻike e pili ana i kahi ʻano kuʻuna o ka wā hou o ka wā e pāʻani nei i nā noi ma ka Pūnaewele e hoʻohana nei i nā smartphones. ʻIke ʻia ka hopohopo olakino ma mua o ka ʻimi ʻia ʻana he mea nui ia e hoʻopili ai i ka male ʻana i loko o kēia heluna kanaka. Aia nō hoʻi nā pilikia e wehewehe pono ʻia e like me ka launa pūnaewele ma waena o ka poʻe he nui hoaaloha a i aloha paha, nā lehulehu, e like me ke kelepona, lesbians a me nā malihini transgender, a me nā mea maʻi i ka mālama ʻana i nā mea pili i ka moʻo e like me ka sex anonial. ʻO nā pilikia e kū mai ana mai ka noiʻi ʻana, ʻo ka comorbidity me nā kūlana psychiatric ʻē aʻe, e like me nā pono kanaka (borderline, antisocial narcissistic, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe). ʻAʻole ia e like me ke kūlohelohe i ka waiʻona a me ka mea inu wai leʻaleʻa, he mea paʻakikī ka pale ʻana i ka hana pilikino e like me ke ʻano hoʻohālike o ka mālama ʻana ma ka kaʻai ʻana; no laila, pono i ka mālama ʻana no ka hoʻohui wahine ʻana e noʻonoʻo i ka paʻakikī a me ka mea nui o ka pono e hoʻokō i ka drive sex ma ke kaiāulu i kēia manawa.

ʻO ka hāʻawiʻana o nā mea hoʻohana

ʻO nā mea āpau a me nā mea kākau o ke aʻo ʻana ua kōkua nui i ka kaʻina ʻepekema e alakaʻi ana i ka palapala. Ua hāʻawi ka mea kākau i ka noʻonoʻo a me ka hoʻolālā o ka papahana, ka hana ʻana i nā hoʻokolohua, hoʻopaʻa ʻana a me ka wehewehe ʻana i nā hopena, a me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka kākau ʻana no ka paʻi.

Kōkua hihia

ʻAʻohe makemake o nā mea kākau a hana paha i ʻike ʻia e like me ka mea e hoʻohuli ana i ka noiʻi (e laʻa me nā kuleana kālā i kahi hoʻokolohua a me nā kaʻina hana a me nā kālā e nā ʻoihana lāʻau no ka noiʻi). ʻAʻole lākou i hōʻike i ka hakakā o ka hoihoi e pili ana i kēia noi.

'Ōlelo hōʻeia

Ua hōʻike ʻia ka haʻawina ma ka hālāwai 3rd ICBA ma Geneva Switzerland ma Malaki 2016.

E hoʻomaopopo '