ʻO ka pēpē kolohe like ma keʻano he kī nui o nā kāne e huli ana i ka haukapila no nā hana kolohe:ʻO ka hōʻike maʻamau maʻamau a me ka helu nui o 10-week week (2018)

ʻO J Behav Addict. 2018 Jun 5: 1-12. hoʻopiʻi: 10.1556 / 2006.7.2018.33.

Hua'ōlelo M¹, Wilk M^1,2, Kowalewska E^1,3, Kakolo M¹, Łapiński A⁴, Gola M^1,5.

Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo

Ke kumu a me nā manaʻo

ʻO nā hana moekolohe koʻikoʻi (CSBs) kahi pilikia nui a me ka pilikanaka. I loko nō o ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka nui o nā noi ʻana, hoʻomau ʻia kekahi o nā ʻaoʻao o ka CSB ma lalo o ka noiʻi. Maʻaneʻi, ʻimi mākou i ke ʻano o CSB, e like me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ponokala kiʻi a me ka masturbation (PuM), a hōʻoia i ka leka i waena o nā mea i ʻike ʻia e alakaʻi ai i kēlā ʻano hana me nā ana i loaʻa i ka loiloi diary.

Nā Papahana

ʻO nā nīnauele Semi-strukturalized me ʻeiwa mau kāne e ʻimi nei i nā lāʻau lapaʻau mai nā makahiki 22-37 (M = 31.7, SD = 4.85) i ukali ʻia e ka nīnau nīnau a me ka loiloi diary he 10 mau pule, e ʻae ana iā mākou e loaʻa nā lā maoli o ka CSB i kēlā me kēia lā. .

Results

ʻEono o nāʻeiwa mau makahiki iʻike i ka'ō'ō (nui mau manawa a mau manawa paha) PuM. Ua hoʻonuiʻia ka hopohopo o nā poʻe a pau aʻike lākou iā PuM i mea e hoʻoponopono ai i keʻano a me ke kaumaha. Uaʻikeʻia nāʻikepili i hōʻiliʻiliʻia ma ka hōʻike diary i kahiʻano likeʻole i nāʻano o ka moekino (e like me ke alapine o ka PuMea mau a me ka piʻo) a me kona hoʻoponoponoʻana. Ua pili ka Binge PuM i ka emiʻana o keʻano a me ka hoʻonuiʻana i ke kaumaha a iʻole ka hopohopo. ʻAʻole i hoʻomauʻia ka pilina pili i waena o kēia mau hoʻoponopono.

Nā kūkā a me nā hopena

Binge PuM me he mea lā ʻoi loa ka hana ma waena o nā kāne e ʻimi nei i ka lāʻau no CSB a pili i ka manaʻo o ka lilo ʻana o ka kaohi i ka hana moekolohe. Hōʻike nā kānaka CSB i nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole o nā binge triggers. Eia kekahi, hōʻike nā hōʻike loiloi diary i ka hoʻopili kikoʻī o ka binge PuM (hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ke ʻano, hoʻonui i ke koʻikoʻi, a me ka hopohopo) ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā kumuhana. Hōʻike ia i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻokoʻa nui o kēlā me kēia ʻano ma ka laweʻa PuM lawena, a me kahi pono e hoʻopaʻa i kēia ʻokoʻa, no ka mea he kōkua ia i ke alakaʻi pilikino ʻana.

KEYWORDS: nā moe kolohe; hōʻike pāleka; moekolohe; masturbation; pila kiʻi

PMID: 29865868

DOI: 10.1556/2006.7.2018.33

Introduction

No kekahi poʻe,ʻo ka moe kolohe (CSBs) he kumu ia eʻimi ai i ka maʻi (ʻO Gola, Lewczuk, & Skorko, 2016; Lewczuk, Szmyd, Skorko, & Gola, 2017). Ma muli o kēiaʻano, ua ulu nui ka helu o nā haʻawina e pili ana i kēia kumuhana (ʻO Gola, Wordecha, Marchewka, & Sescousse, 2016; Kraus, Voon, & Potenza, 2016a), a ke hele nei kekahi mau'ōlelo e pili ana e pili ana i ka CSB ma ka hoʻopuka hou o ka Classification International o nā maʻi (ICD; ʻO Gola & Potenza, 2018; Kraus et al., 2018; Potenza, Gola, Voon, Kor, & Kraus, 2017; Hoʻopau, Janssen, Georgiadis, Finn, & Pfaus, 2017; ʻO ke ola o ka honua (WHO), 2018). ʻO ka manawa iʻike pinepineʻia i ka manawa o ka manawa o ka loaʻaʻana o nā kiʻi polio (ma kahi o ka Pūnaewele) a me ka masturbation nui (Gola, Lewczuk, et al., 2016; Kafka, 2010; ʻO Reid, Garos, & Kamana, 2011; ʻO Stein, ʻEleʻele, Shapira, & Spitzer, 2001). ʻO kekahi mauʻano likeʻole o nā hana e pili ana i ka moe kolohe piliʻole, ka moe inoaʻole, a me ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā lawelawe pili i ka moekolohe (Kraus, Voon, & Potenza, 2016a).

Me ka holomua o ke kūkākūkā e pili ana i ka peheaʻana o CSB (Kor, Fogel, Reid, & Potenza, 2013; Kraus, Voon, & Potenza, 2016b; ʻO Ley, Prause, & Finn, 2014; Potenza et al., 2017),ʻO CSB ka World Health Health kahi i noiʻia no ka ICD-11 e hiki mai ana (WHO, 2018) i ke kaheʻana i ka maʻi o ka naʻau (Kraus et al., 2018) me nā hōʻailona likeʻole me ka mea i manaʻo muaʻia e Kafka (2010). Wahi a kēia mau pae hoʻohālikelike, ʻike paha mākou iā CSB inā (a) ma kahi o 6 mau mahina, ma ka liʻiliʻi he ʻehā o nā ʻelima o kēia mau ʻōuli e ʻike ʻia.

(b) ʻO ke alapine a me ka ikaika o kēia mau hana moekolohe e alakaʻi ai i ka pilikia pilikino pilikino a i ʻole ke kīnā ʻole i nā mea nui o ke ola. (c) ʻAʻole kēia mau hana moekolohe ka hopena o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea exogenous (e laʻa me ka hōʻino ʻana i ka lāʻau a i ʻole ka lāʻau.

Eia naʻe, oiaiʻo Kafka's (2010) ho'ākāka 'ana o CSB i ka laulima' ia, 'aʻole ia e hoʻohālikelike i kekahi hana i hoʻokūpaʻa i ka CSB. Hōʻike hou nā haʻawina hou e pili ana nā CSB i ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka noʻonoʻo no nā ukuʻeleʻele (Brand, Snagowski, Laier, & Maderwald, 2016; Kraus et al., 2016b; Voon et al., 2014) aiʻole nāʻike e hōʻike nei i nā uku (ʻO Gola, Wordecha, et al., 2017). ʻO kekahi e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻonuiʻiaʻana o ka pumehana no nā mea ulu o ke kino (Klucken, Wehrum-Osinsky, Schweckendiek, Kruse, & Stark, 2016) aiʻole ka nui o ka manaʻo nui (ʻO Gola, Miyakoshi, & Sescousse, 2015; ʻO Gola & Potenza, 2016) ma waena o nā poʻe me CSB. Ua hoʻomaopopo pūʻo Reid e loaʻa pinepine nā mea maʻamau i nā manaʻo maikaʻiʻole a me ke kaumaha, ka hilahila nui, a me ke aloha haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (Reid, Stein, & Kamana, 2011; Reid, Temko, Moghaddam, & Fong, 2014).

ʻO ka nui a me nāʻano likeʻole o nā mea i ho'ākākaʻia ma luna nei e hāpai ana i nā nīnau nuiʻekolu: (a) Pehea eʻike ai nā kānaka eʻimi ana i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa eʻike i nā kumu nui e alakaʻiʻia ai i ka CSB? (B)ʻO wai o kēlā mauʻike iʻikeʻia he pili pono i kaʻikepili i heluʻia ma nā pōʻaiapili o ke ola o ka wā? a me (c) Pehea nāʻano likeʻole i loko o CSB?

Hiki ke pane ʻia ia mau nīnau me ka ʻike qualitative (ie, i hōʻiliʻili ʻia i ka wā o nā nīnau ninaninau hoʻokolohua i kūkulu ʻia, e like me Kamana, Reid, Garos, & Najavits, 2013) a me kahi hōʻuluʻulu nuiʻana, e hoʻohana ana i keʻano papa hana papahana (Kashdan et al., 2013). Manaʻo ʻia ka loiloi diary e kūpono i ke kaiaola no ke ana ʻana i kēlā me kēia mokuʻāina i kēlā me kēia lā (e laʻa me ka pae hopohopo, ka naʻau, a me ka hoʻonāukiuki) a me nā hana (e like me nā ʻano moekolohe). I loko o kēia noi ʻana, ua hoʻoholo mākou e hoʻohui i nā loiloi loiloi qualitative a me nā diary e nānā i nā mea e pili ana i ka CSB i nā kumuhana e ʻimi nei i ka lāʻau no CSB.

No ka mea,ʻaʻohe no nā mea maʻamau no ka moekino (Gola, Lewczuk, et al., 2016), Ua ho'ākāka mauʻia nā CSB ma nā hōʻailonaʻikepili, e hōʻike ana i ka hopena pili o ka mana ma luna o ka hana maʻamau (ʻO Gola & Potenza, i ka paʻi; Kafka, 2010; Kraus et al., 2018). Hiki iā mākou ke hoʻāʻo e ʻike i kekahi mau mea nui e pili ana i kēia hanana kumuhana, e like me ka nui o ka manawa i hoʻolilo ʻia i ka moekolohe (ʻo ia hoʻi, ka hoʻowali ʻana a me nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni e hoʻoweliweli ana i ka hana a kekahi) a i ʻole nā ​​wahi kūpono ʻole e hana ai kekahi i ka moekolohe (ie, i ka lehulehu. nā wahi a me nā lumi hoʻomaha). ʻO kahi ʻano e ana ʻia o ka hana add adiked ʻo binging - kahi hana hou, hoʻomau, a me nā ʻano nui - alakaʻi pinepine ʻia i kahi manaʻo kumuhana o ka lilo o ka kaohi. Ua wehewehe nui ʻia nā Binges i nā maʻi hoʻohana hoʻohana lāʻau, e like me ka hana ʻona ʻana (Rolland & Naassila, 2017).

ʻO nā maʻi eʻimi ana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau no ka CSB e hōʻike pū i ka hana maʻamau (ʻO Gola, Wordecha, et al., 2017), a ke haʻi pinepine neiʻo ia keʻanoʻoi loa loa o ka nalowale o ka mana ma luna o ka hana a kekahi (Lewczuk et al., 2017). ʻO ka mea maʻamau,ʻo kēlā mau binges hoʻokomo i nā hola he nui o nā kiʻi ponokala kiʻi (me ka manawa pinepine paha i ka lā), me ka nui o nā masturbations. ʻO ka hana'onikala kiʻi Bingeʻaʻole i weheweheʻia ma nāʻikeʻepekema. No laila, ke makemake nei mākou e nānā pili pono i kēia hiʻohiʻona o CSB a eʻike i keʻano o ka hōʻailona maʻamau i waena o nā poʻe e noi ana i ka hōʻailona no CSB. Pēlā mākou e hoʻoholo ai i (a) e nānā pehea i nā poʻe e noi ana i ka hōʻailona no ka CSB e wehewehe i nā kumu pili pili i kā lākou mau CSB, (b) e hoʻoholo pehea e like me nāʻikepili i hōʻiliʻiliʻia ma ka hōʻike diary, a (c) e nānā i ka like like o kēlā mau mea likeʻole ʻO CSB aʻo ka mea o lākou e pili ana i ka hana maʻamau a me nāʻoihana koloheʻole.

Nā Papahana

i komo

ʻO kā mākou hui ʻeiwa mau kāne CSB i piha nā makahiki 22-37 (M = 31.7, SD = 4.85; Pākaukau 1). Ua pilikia nā poʻe a pau i ka moekolohe a me ka moekolohe i ka manawa a me kaʻaeʻana i kā lākou moe koloheʻana i ka hana hewaʻana i nā hana nui o ke ola. Uaʻike nā poʻe maʻi a pau i ka holomua iki o ka pilikia a komo i ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā moe kolohe (ʻoi aku ka nānā ponoʻana i nā pornokala me ka masturbation) no ka paʻiʻana i nā hanana ola. Ua hōʻikeʻia kēlā me kēia maʻi i nā ho'āʻo he nui e hoʻopau aiʻole e hoʻopau i ka CSB. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, nā lālā pōʻino a me ka wā pōkole, akāʻo kekahi i hōʻike i nā wā lōʻihi o ka moe kolohe (kekahi mau mahina a hiki i ka 1 makahiki) a ua ukaliʻia hoʻi. Loaʻa i nā poʻe a pau ka moʻolelo o nā hana ma mua. I loko o ka hoʻonaʻauaoʻana, hoʻokahi kumuhana (Subject B) e hoʻomau nei i ka palekana mai PuM (kahi kokoke i ka moekolohe me ka wahine).

1 Pūnaewele. Kaʻikeʻikeʻikepili o nā poʻe maʻi a pau e komo ana i ka noi

Ke kaʻina hana hoʻolālā

Ua kiʻiʻia nā poʻe a pau i waena o nā maʻi e noi ana i ka hōʻailona no CSB i nā wahi lapaʻau maʻi olakino ma Warsaw (Polani). Loaʻa nāʻaoʻao a pau ma kahi oʻehā o nā papa helu CSB e like me Kafka (i ho'ākākaʻia ma ka mahele "Hoʻomaka"). Eia nō hoʻi, ua komo lākou a pau i loko oʻeono kau ma ka lawelaweʻana no ka CSB ma hope o ka hoʻokomoʻiaʻana i kēia haʻawina, e hōʻike ana i ko lākou manaʻo maoli e pale i ka pilikia o nā kiʻi ponoʻole.

Pākuhi

Ua alakaʻi mākou i kahi ninaninau kūpono i ka lōʻihi (Kaʻina o ka Papa S1) no ka hōʻoiaʻana i nā hōʻailona likeʻole o ka CSB (pēlā i ka Puke Puʻupuʻu), nāʻike pilikino iʻikeʻia, a me nā mea pili i ka CSB. Ma hope o kēia ninaninauʻana, ua komo nā haumāna i kahi papahelu maʻamau i nā manawa 10 (70 lā), me ka hoʻohana pūnaewele pūnaewele i hiki keʻikeʻia ma o nā smartphones a me nā kamepiula pilikino (Figure 1). Ua kāpae hapa ʻia ka loiloi diary me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka lāʻau, a pēlā paha i hoʻohuli ʻia ai ka ʻike i hōʻike ʻia i nā diary. Ke hoʻohana nei i nā unahi he 10, ua nānā mākou i nā ana o kēlā me kēia lā o ka hoʻowalewale moekolohe, ka hopohopo, ke koʻikoʻi, a me ke ʻano. Ua nānā mākou i nā moe kolohe, e like me ka manawa e nānā ai i nā kiʻi pono ʻole, ka helu o nā kau masturbation, a me ka helu o nā moekolohe. Noi ʻia nā kumuhana e hoʻopihapiha i ka diary i hoʻokahi manawa i ka lā, ka mea maʻa mau i 3-5 min. Eia nō naʻe, ʻehiku wale nō o ʻeiwa mau mea i hāʻawi ʻia i hāʻawi i ka ʻike i noi ʻia, a ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka manawa o nā manawa i hana ʻole ʻia nā papa inoa diary he 2.75 mau lā me ka min = 1 lā a me ka max = 32 mau lā. Hāʻawi ʻia ka ʻike kikoʻī i ka Papa Kuhikuhi S2. Ua kāpae ʻia nā moʻolelo me nā ʻikepili i nalowale mai ka helu ʻana o nā waiwai awelika a me nā ʻokoʻa maʻamau o nā kumu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. Ua manaʻo ʻia nā wā hilinaʻi i hōʻike ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano bootstrap block me ka nui o ka block = 3, i hoʻopili ʻia i nā ʻikepili piha (me nā ʻikepili i nalowale).

Hōʻike 1. Hōʻike i nāʻano hana noiʻi. Ua ninaninau muaʻia nā mea a pau me kahi ninaninau i hoʻonohonohoʻia (Kaupili Panui S1), a laila komo i loko o kahi papa helu helu noiʻi (Ka Papa Pakuhi S3) a me ka hōʻike wikiwiki pūnaeweleʻo 10-week-long.

Ua hōʻiliʻili mākou i nā palapala noi. Ua hoʻoholoʻia ka Severity o nā CSB me ka hōʻikeʻana i nā mea hōʻailona'oponopono - Revised (SAST-R; ʻO Carnes, Green, & Carnes, 2010; Gola, Skorko, et al., 2017) a me Brief Pornography Screener (BPS; Kraus et al., 2017). ʻO ka BPS Questionnaire he pālākiō pae-helu, e ana ana i ka paʻakikī o ka pilikia o nā kiʻi pono. Ua hoʻohālikeʻia ka hōʻoia o ka maʻiʻehaʻeha ('OCD) i nā mea hōʻailona me nā mea hōʻailona - Revised (OCI-R; Foa et al., 2002). Ua hoʻonuiʻia ka paepae kaumaha me kaʻAhaʻAha Kūlana Moku'āina - State (STAI-S; ʻO Sosnowski & Wrześniewski, 1983), e'āpono ana iā mākou e ana i ka hopohopo i kahi STAI-S a me keʻano (STAI-T). Ua hoʻohana pū mākou i ka hōʻailona hōʻino a me ke kaumaha o ka Hospital (ʻO Zigmond & Snaith, 1983) no ka nānāʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā pilikia. Ua kohoʻia ka impulsivity me ka Monetary Choice Questionnaire (ʻO Kirby & Maraković, 1996), kahi hoʻonohonoho 27, kahi e pono ai nā haumāna e kuhikuhi inā makemake lākou i kahi uku ukuʻoi aku i kēia lā aiʻole ka nui nui i ka wā e hiki mai ana (ma hope o kekahi mau lā).

nā mea pono

Ua'āponoʻia ka haʻawina e ka Committee Ethics o ka Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences (e like me ka Hōʻike o Helsinki) a ua hāʻawi nā mea a pau i kā lākou palapala.

Results

Nā nīnau nīnau

Ua loaʻa i nā poʻe a pau nā helu kiʻekiʻe ma SAST-R a me BPS. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā maʻi i loaʻa nā helu kiʻekiʻe ma luna o nā haʻawina o ke kaumaha a me ka hopohopo i ka hōʻailona kaumaha a me ke kaumaha o ka Haukapila (ʻO Zigmond & Snaith, 1983) a me ka STAI (ʻO Sosnowski & Wrześniewski, 1983), e like me ka mea i hōʻikeʻia i loko o ka Papa Hōʻikeʻo S3. ʻElua wale nō mau mea iʻoi aku ma mua o ka paepae no ka nui o ka compulsivity, i anaʻia me ka'OCI-R (Foa et al., 2002). Ua hōʻikeʻia nā hopena maikaʻi ma ka papa helu piha S3.

Nāʻike pilikino i hōʻikeʻia a me nā diary-o ka CSB

Ua haʻi aku nā poʻe a pau i ka PuM ikaika e like me ke kumu nui loa no ka huliʻana i ka lāʻau. ʻElua wale nō kānaka i hōʻike i ka pilina pili kino me kekahiʻano kūpilikia hou. Hoʻomaka kekahi kanaka eʻimi i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa,ʻokoʻa nā mahina 6.5 o ka moe kolohe ma mua o ka noiʻana. Noʻewalu o nā maʻiʻeiwa,ʻaʻole kēia ka ho'āʻo mua e mālama iā CSB (Papa 1).

ʻOiai nā hoʻāʻo he nui e kaupalena i ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā ponokala kiʻi, ʻo ka manawa maʻamau i nānā ʻia i nā kiʻi ponokala kiʻi i 2.96 hr, e like me ka mea i haʻi ʻia e nā kumuhana i nā nīnau ninaninau i lawelawe ʻia ma hope o nā nīnauele. Wahi a ka ʻikepili i hōʻiliʻili ʻia ma 10 mau pule o ka loiloi diary, eia nō naʻe, he 1.57 hola (SD = 2.05 hr). Ua ʻike mākou i ka loli nui o ka hoʻohana pono ʻana o nā ponokala kiʻi (mai 0.5 a 8 mau hola i kēlā me kēia pule, e like me ka mea i kūkala ʻia ma nā nīnauele a mai ka 0 a i ka 6.01 hola i kēlā me kēia pule, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka hōʻike diary. Papa. 2).

2 Pūnaewele. ʻO nā manaʻo kūkala a me nā manawa lōʻihi o ka moekolohe kolohe (CSB)

palapala aie. SD: ke kuhi kaulike.

Hōʻikeʻia nāʻikepili i hōʻiliʻiliʻia ma ka hōʻike diary e hele pū me ka masturbation (pornography viewing) i ka nānā aku 2), i kūlike me nāʻike hōʻike. I loko o nā nūele,ʻeono mau kānaka i hōʻike i ka heleʻana me ka masturbation i ka nānā ponoʻana i nā kiʻi ponoʻole, aʻekolu mau mea i hōʻikeʻia e pili ana i ka masturbation (akā,ʻaʻole i nā manawa) me ka nānāʻana i nā kiʻi ponokala. Eia naʻe,ʻo ka masturbation me ka nānāʻoleʻana i nā kiʻi ponoʻole e hele pinepineʻia me ka hoʻomanaʻoʻana i nā mea iʻikeʻia i nā kiʻi ponoʻole a me nā manaʻo hilahila e pili ana i nā mea maoli. Ua'ōlelo kekahi mea hoʻomau i ka palahalaha me ka ponoʻole o nā kiʻi ponoʻole i ka hopena.

Hōʻike 2. Ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana i nā hui pono o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni i ka nānāʻana a me ka masturbation i nāʻike i hōʻiliʻiliʻia ma ka hōʻike diary - nāʻikepili mai kaʻike diary (100% he like ia me nā lā a pau o nā papa helu hoʻopaneʻe ma hope o ka haʻaleleʻana i nāʻikeʻikeʻia)

I loko o nā nīnauele, ua hōʻike ʻia he ʻehiku o ka ʻeiwa mau maʻi ma ka liʻiliʻi o hoʻokahi ʻike o ka nānā ʻana i nā ponokala kiʻi. ʻO Binges ke ʻano o ka nānā mau ʻana i nā ponokala kiʻi e kiaʻi pū ʻia me nā masturbation he nui no kekahi mau hola i ka lālani (maʻamau> 6 mau hola me ka liʻiliʻi o 30 mau minuke hoʻomaha) a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana he nui (> 4 i kēlā me kēia lā, e mau ana no 0.5-1 hola) o nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni. ke nānā nei i kahi lā i hele pū ʻia me ka masturbation. Hoʻokahi kumuhana (Kumuhana B), nāna i hōʻike he 6.5 mau mahina o ka hōʻole ʻana i ka moekolohe, ʻaʻole i hōʻike i kekahi ʻike o ka nānā ʻana i nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻo binge, akā ʻo ke kumuhana C i hōʻike i ka hapa nui o ʻelua mau hiʻohiʻona o ka nānā ʻana i nā ponokala kiʻi a me ka masturbation i kēlā me kēia lā, kahi āna i manaʻo ʻole ai he binge.

No ke kumu o ka'ikepiliheluʻikepili, ua hoʻohana mākou i ka manaʻo a priori o ka "binge," ma muli o nāʻikepili mai kā mākou papahana mua (ʻO Gola, Kowalewska, Wierzba, Wordecha, & Marchewka, 2015; Gola, Lewczuk, et al., 2016; Gola, Skorko, et al., 2017; ʻO Gola, Wordecha, et al., 2017; Lewczuk et al., 2017) e hōʻike ana i ka pūʻulu kaohi (ʻaʻohe lapaʻau e ʻimi nei i nā kāne Polani), ka awelika o nā masturbation i kēlā me kēia pule he 2.3-2.5 a ʻo ka manawa maʻamau i nānā ʻia i nā ponokala kiʻi he 50 min / pule. Hoʻonohonoho i nā kumuhana i kā mākou aʻo ʻana ma mua ma ke ʻano he ʻoi loa ka nui o nā masturbations a me nā ponokala kiʻi e nānā ana i kēlā me kēia lā i hōʻike ʻia ma waena o 3.1 a me 70 min. Ua manaʻo ʻia nā ʻāpana ʻelua (maximal episodes of masturbation a me nā nānā ʻana i nā ponokala kiʻi) e nā mea hoʻomalu e like me nā hana moekolohe. No ke kumu o kēia aʻo ʻana e pili ana i kā mākou mau ʻike ma mua, ua hoʻonohonoho mākou i kahi paepae, me ka manaʻo e ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻelua mau masturbation i kēlā me kēia lā a me kahi kau ponokala kiʻi hoʻokahi i ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o 1 hr e lilo i hana binge. ʻOiai ua kūlike kēia mau paepae e kūlike i ka ʻikepili i hōʻike ʻia iā ia iho ma ka nīnauele a me ka ʻikepili i loiloi ʻia me nā ʻano diary (Papa 2), pono e'āpono ponoʻia lākou ma waena o nā heluna'ē aʻe. Maʻaneʻi, ke noi nei mākou i nā poʻe i makemake e hoʻopau i nā ponokala kiʻi e nānā ana a hoʻonui i ka ikaika ma kēia pahuhopu.

Nā kuhikuhi e pili ana iā PuM

Ua hōʻikeʻia kēlā me kēia maʻi i nā ho'āʻo he nui e hoʻopau aiʻole hoʻopau i ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā kiʻi pono. I ka hapanui o nā hihia, ua pōʻino a me ka lōʻihi nā hopena, akā ua hōʻikeʻia kekahi mau manawa o ka pakeleʻana mai nā kiʻi ponoʻole mai nā pule a hiki i ka 1 makahiki, i ukaliʻia e nā kuʻi. No kekahi mea hoʻomanawanui, hiki i kahi manawa me ka ponoʻole o nā kiʻi ponoʻole i kahi mau hana kiʻekiʻe; a i kekahi, ua hoʻonuiʻia nā hana kaiaulu. Ua hōʻike kekahi o nā maʻi i ka noʻonoʻoʻana i mea kōkua no ka manawa kūpono i ka hoʻoʻemiʻana i ka ponokala kiʻi.

I loko o nā ninaninau, ua hiki iʻewalu mau kānaka maʻi ke hoʻomaopopo i ko lākou mauʻano o PuM, e kuhikuhi ana i kahi mau wahi, kahi, nā manaʻo, a me nā manaʻo. ʻO ka wahi maʻamau loa o nā kiʻi ponokala kiʻi kahi home o ka mea maʻi. Aʻo ka mea maʻamau hoʻokahi wale nō. ʻEhā mau kānaka i hōʻike pū i ka nānā ponoʻana i nā kiʻi ponoʻoniʻoni ma nā wahi lehulehu, kahi nui ma kaʻoihana. 'Ōleloʻehā mau maʻi'ē aʻe e hoʻohana pinepine lākou i nā kiʻi ponokala ma mua a ma hope paha o nā hola hana.

ʻO ka hapanui o nā maʻi i hōʻike i nā manaʻo maikaʻiʻole ma hope o ka nānāʻana i nā kiʻi pāʻanikala: pilikia (ʻelima mau kumuhana), huhū (ʻekolu), hopohopo a me ke kānalua (ʻekolu), noho kaʻawale (lua), haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (one),ʻano manaʻoʻole (ʻekolu) , a me ka luhi (ʻelua).

Ua paʻakikī ka hapa nui o nā maʻi i ka hoʻomaopopoʻana i nā mea kūpono o ka nānāʻana i nā ponokala. Ua hoʻomaopopo ka mea hoʻomanawanui i ka pilikia a noʻonoʻo i ka hopena o ka liloʻana ma keʻano he mea nui iʻikeʻia i ka hopena o ka moekolohe. ʻO kekahi mea maʻi i huhū nui i ka huhū ma keʻano he mea hoʻonāukiuki PuM. Hoʻokahi kumuhana iʻikeʻia heʻelua mauʻano masturbation āna i komo ai: (a) e pili ana i ka makemake i ka wahine a me (b) no ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa hoʻonāukiuki. Uaʻikeʻo ia i kaʻoi aku o nā mea maʻamau i kona hihia. Hoʻokahi wale nō maʻi iʻike i ka nānāʻana i nā kiʻi pilikino me he "makana" maikaʻi lā i hāʻawiʻo ia iā ia iho no nā mea i hoʻokōʻia.

No ka huliʻana i nā mea e pili ana iā PuM, ua hōʻoia mākou i nāʻike i loaʻa ma ka hōʻike papa helu, e hoʻohālike ana i nā loiloi mai nā lā me ka pākino a me nā ponokala kiʻi me nā hōʻike mai nā lā mai kahi hanaʻole. Ua ninaninau mākou i nāʻokoʻa ma waena o nā kaulike kaulike o nā kumu he nui, i heluʻia me nā diaries,ʻo keʻano o keʻano, ka luhi, ke kaumaha, a me ka hopohopo (hiki ke loaʻa nāʻikepili i nā lā a pau i ka Papa 3).

3 Pūnaewele. Ka'ikepilihelu maʻamau mai ka helu pālākiō 10-wiki-lōʻihi (laulā: 1-10)

palapala aie. SD: ke kuhi kaulike.

Uaʻike mākou i keʻano likeʻole ma keʻano he nui ma waena o nā lā me ka meʻole ka pākino a me ka ponokala kiʻi wale nō no nā maʻiʻekolu (D, F, a me G; 4). ʻO kēia mau mea a pau kaʻoihana haʻahaʻa i nā lā me ka pākino a me ka hoʻohana ponokala kiʻi. Eia hou,ʻo ka mea maʻi D i ke kaumaha aʻoi aku ka māluhiluhi,ʻo ke koʻikoʻi nui, a ua kiʻekiʻe ka hopohopo i nā lā me ka masturbation a me nā kiʻi ponokala kiʻi ke hoʻohālikelikeʻia me nā lā me ka ponoʻole o nā kiʻi ponoʻole a me ka masturbation.

4 Pūnaewele. ʻO nāʻokoʻa ma waena o nā kaulike o keʻano, nāwaliwali, nāwaliwali, a me ka hopohopo (heluʻia ma ka hōʻike wikiwiki 10-week,) no nā lā me ka "masturbation a iʻole pornokala"ʻaʻole "

palapala aie. SD: ke kaulike maʻamau; CI: ke kūlana palekana.

Nā mea e pili ana i nā pipi

I ka hoʻohālikeʻana i ka hoʻohana ponoʻana i nā kiʻi ponokala kiʻi, kahi o ka hapa nui o nā mea maʻi i paʻakikī i kaʻikeʻana i nā kumu i nīnauʻia (i loko o nā nīnau ninaninau) no nā kūlana i hoʻonāukiuki i ka pono o nā kiʻi ponokala, ua hōʻike ka hapa nui o nā maʻi i ka pilikia, nā pilikia ma ke ola pilikino, i ka hālāwaiʻana i nā mana'naʻi nui e pili ana i nā mea koʻikoʻi'ē aʻe e like me nā mea pili. Hoʻokahi kanaka e pili ana i nā binges me ka pilikia pili i ka hana. Uaʻikeʻiaʻekolu mauʻike i ka pili o ka huhū a me ka loliʻole a me ka hōʻole.

Ua haʻi nā mea maʻi āpau i ka wā o nā binges porn i ʻike mua lākou i nā manaʻo maikaʻi (e like me ka pīhoihoi a me ka leʻaleʻa). A laila, i ka manawa o ka binge, ʻaʻohe o nā manaʻo kikoʻī ka hapa nui o nā kumuhana ("ʻoki ʻia mai ka noʻonoʻo ʻana") a haʻalele i ko lākou mau manaʻo. Ma hope koke iho o ka binge, minamina pinepine lākou i ka manawa hoʻonele a mālama ʻole paha i kā lākou hana. Hele pū kēlā mau manaʻo me nā manaʻo maikaʻi ʻole, e like me ka hilahila, ka manaʻo o ka loneli, ka hoʻowahāwahā, ka hewa, ka huhū, ke kaumaha, ka hopohopo, ka manaʻo o ka manaʻolana ʻole, ka ʻole o ka mahalo iā ʻoe iho, a me ke ʻano kaumaha. ʻIke pū ka poʻe maʻi i ka huhū a me ka huhū. Ua hōʻike nā kāne ʻelima i nā manaʻo maikaʻi ʻole e pili ana iā lākou iho, e laʻa, "nāwaliwali au," "Ua hiki iaʻu ke hoʻolilo i kēia manawa i nā leʻaleʻa, nā manaʻo, nā hālāwai me nā poʻe ma mua o ka nānā ʻana i ka porn," a "ua hāʻule hou wau." ʻEkolu mau kumuhana i hōʻike ʻole i kekahi manaʻo kikoʻī ma hope o ka binges (Kiʻi 3).

Hōʻike 3. ʻO nā manaʻo a me nā manaʻo i hōʻikeʻia e ke kanaka ma mua, i ka manawa a ma hope koke iho o ka pingo ponokala

Ua nānāʻia nāʻikepili diary no ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana ma waena o nā anuu o keʻano, nāwaliwali, nāwaliwali, a me ka hopohopo i nā lā me nā pale e pili ana me nā lā me kaʻole o ka pī. Ua weheweheʻia kēia hoʻohālikelike i nāʻano likeʻole ma mua o ka mua, e pili ana i ka nānā ponoʻana i nā kiʻi ponoʻole a me ka masturbation (Table 4). No nā mea a pau hoʻokahi wale nō kumuhana (G), ua alakaʻiʻia nā kapikala pilau i ka emiʻana o keʻano (nā maʻi D, E, F, a me H) aiʻole ke kaumaha (nā maʻi A, D, a me E). Ma hope iki o ka puhiʻana, manaʻo lākou i ka wā i hoʻolimalimaʻia ai nā wā a me ka hanaʻole. ʻO ia mau manaʻo e pili pū ana me nā manaʻo maikaʻiʻole, e like me ka hilahila, nā manaʻo o ka noho wale, ka inaina, ka hewa, ka huhū, ke kaumaha, ka hopohopo, keʻano o ka manaʻolanaʻole, ka nele o ke aloha pilikino, a me keʻano kaumaha. "

I ka hopena, ua nānā mākou i ka hopena o kahi pilina pili i waena o nā helu i heluʻia me nā diaries (keʻano, nāwaliwali, ke kaumaha, a me ka hopohopo) a me ke puhi PuM (Papa 5). No kēia kumuhana, like me ka nānā mua (i hōʻikeʻia ma ka Papa 4), ua koho mākou i nā lā me ka Puke binge (e like me ia i ho'ākākaʻia ma ka "Methods" section) a me nā lā me kaʻole o ka piʻo. A laila, helu mākou i keʻano o ka naʻau, nāwaliwali, nā pilikia, a me ka hopohopo ma waena o nā lā ma mua koke iho o ka lā "binge" a me nā lā "me kaʻole o ka binge" (Supplementary Table S4) a me nā lā ma hope koke iho o ka lā "binge" a me nā lā " "(Ke Kaʻina Hana S5). Hōʻike 4 hōʻike i kahi nui o nā kūlana koʻikoʻi no kēlā me kēia mau hoʻohālikeʻelua. ʻO kahi nui o nāʻano likeʻole i nā lā i hala mua o ka hoʻopuniʻana e hōʻike i ke kuhiakau e hoʻemi ai i keʻano, hiki ke kaumaha,ʻehaʻeha, a me ka hopohopo paha i kahi hana ma ka Puke Pingo, aʻo ka nui o nāʻokoʻa i nā lā ma hope o ka hoʻokipaʻana. ke emi iho nei keʻano o ka manawa, ka nui o ka māluhiluhi, ka pilikia, a me ka hopohopo paha ka hopena o ka Puck Puke.

5 Pūnaewele. Hoʻohālikelike i nāʻano kaulike o keʻano, nāwaliwali, nāwaliwali, a me ka hopohopo ma waena o nā "lā me nā pale" a me ka "loaʻaʻole o nā pēpeke", i heluʻia i ka manawa o ka noi maʻamau wiki 10-week

palapala aie. SD: ke kaulike maʻamau; CI: ke kūlana palekana.

Hōʻike 4. ʻO ka helu o nā kumu no mākou iʻike ai i ka nui o nāʻano likeʻole o keʻano, nāwaliwali, nāwaliwali, a me ke kaumaha (heluʻia me nā diaries) i nā lā ma mua o ka lā me ka binge a iʻole kekahi lā me nā kiʻi ponoʻole a me ka masturbation (ka hapa hema o ke kiʻi; Hōʻike S4). Ma kaʻaoʻao'ākau, hōʻike mākou i ka heluna o nā kumuhana no ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana o nā lā ma hope o kekahi lā me ka binge a me ka lā me ka loaʻaʻole o PuM (no nā kiko'ī pololei, e nānā i ka Pakuhi S5)

ʻAʻoheʻike nui [χ² = 2.64, p = .104; i helu ʻia no nā mahele o nā ʻokoʻa nui / ʻole koʻikoʻi no nā lā ma mua o ka binges (Papa Kuhikuhi S4) a me ka hahai ʻana i ka binges (Papa Kuhikuhi S5)] ma waena o ka helu o nā hopena nui mai ke kālailai ʻana o nā lā ma hope o ka binge a me kēlā ʻano o nā lā i ukali e kahi binge (Kiʻi 4).

Nā kūkā a me nā hopena

Ma kēia hoʻokolohua, ua ninaninau mākou i nā mea maʻiʻeiwa e noi ana i ka hōʻailona no ka pilikia PuM. No laila ua loaʻa mākou i nāʻike noi nīnau a hoʻohana i ka hōʻike wikiwiki 10-week-week e nānā pehea e hōʻikeʻia ai nā kumu e pili ana i kā lākouʻoihanaʻoi aku ka pilikia a pehea e like me nāʻikepili i hōʻiliʻiliʻia ma ka hōʻike palani.

Hōʻikeʻia nā hōʻikeʻike pilikino a me ka diary ma muli o keʻano o nā hōʻailona mua, e hālāwai nā kānaka a pau i nā pae hoʻohālike CSB (Kafka, 2010), aʻo ka maʻamau ka pilikia maʻamau o PuM (e like me ke aʻoʻana ma ʻO Reid, Li, Gilliland, Stein, & Fong, 2011). He paʻakikī ka hapanui o lākou e ʻike i nā mea hoʻonāukiuki o nā kiʻi ponokala kiʻi; Eia nō naʻe, hiki iā lākou ke ʻike i nā hiʻohiʻona repetitive o nā ponokala kiʻi e hoʻohana ai - e like me nā wahi kikoʻī (e laʻa, ka home a me ka hana), nā manawa, a me nā hanana (e laʻa, ʻo ʻoe wale nō). Ma muli o ka ʻike loiloi diary (mood, luhi, stress, a me ka hopohopo), ʻo ka hapanui o nā kumuhana paʻakikī e loaʻa nā pilina o ia hana moekolohe. Hoʻokani paha nā ʻāpana kikoʻī o PuM i ke kuleana o ka lawena i kuhikuhi ʻia i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka hoʻonāukiuki kūlohelohe a i ʻole ke ʻano o kahi ʻano hana no ka pale ʻana i ka naʻau maikaʻi ʻole, ke koʻikoʻi, a me ka hopohopo. ʻO ke kū ʻana o nā mea ʻelua ma kahi o 70 mau lā o ka loiloi ʻana he kumu kūpono paha ia o ka pili pili ʻole i nā loli loiloi diary.

ʻO ka mea e mahalo ai, ʻehiku o ʻeiwa mau kumuhana i hōʻike e, i ka wā o ko lākou ola, ua ʻike lākou i ka binge PuM kū mau i nā hola he nui a ke hana nei i nā manawa he nui i ka lā. I ka hihia o ia mau binges, ua hiki i ka hapanui o nā kumuhana ke kuhikuhi i kekahi mau mea hoʻonāukiuki. Ma waena o nā mea i hōʻike pinepine ʻia ʻo ke koʻikoʻi, nā pilikia i ke ola pilikino, ka makaʻu i ka holo ʻole i ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā mea i manaʻo nui ʻia e nā mea nui, ka huhū, a me ka manaʻo o ka loneli a me ka hōʻole ʻia. Ua hōʻike ʻia e Reid, Li, et al. (2011) nāna i hōʻike i ka pili ponoʻana o ka ponokala i nā hopena maikaʻiʻole, e like me ka lohi a me ka hopohopo. Hiki ke pili aku kēia mau manaʻo noʻonoʻo me ka naʻau e pili ana i nāʻikepili maʻalahi i anaʻia i nā diaries. Hoʻopaʻa mākou i kēia kuhiakau, aʻoiaʻiʻo, uaʻikeʻia nāʻikepili diary i kahi pilina koʻikoʻi ma waena o nā binges a me ka hoʻemiʻana i keʻano a me ka nui o ke kaumaha a me ka hopohopo no nā poʻe a pau o kā mākou hui, koe naʻe hoʻokahi.

Wahi a nā mea maʻi, hiki i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻoi loa ke ʻike i ka pīhoihoi a me ka leʻaleʻa a kōkua i ka "hoʻopau i ka noʻonoʻo a me ka naʻau." E ʻike ʻia ia mau hopena ma ke ʻano he coping mekanism hopena maikaʻi. Minamina, ma hope koke iho o ka pia, ʻike nā mea āpau i nā manaʻo maikaʻi ʻole (e like me ka hilahila, ka manaʻo o ka loneliness, ka hōʻino, ka hewa, ka huhū, ke kaumaha, ka hopohopo, a me ka manaʻo hopelessness) a me nā manaʻo maikaʻi ʻole e pili ana iā lākou iho (e laʻa, "nawaliwali au, "" Hoʻomaha wau i koʻu manawa, "a" ua hōʻole hou wau "); a e like me nā mea maʻi, pili ka ʻike o ka binge i ka manaʻo o ka lilo ʻana o ka kaohi i kāna hana ponoʻī.

Ua hōʻikeʻia nā haʻawina mua e hiki ana i kēia manaʻo o ka nalowale o ka mana keʻano kumu nui e alakaʻi i ka hoʻonaʻauao maʻamau i waena o nā kāne (Gola, Lewczuk, et al., 2016) a me nā wahine (Lewczuk et al., 2017). ʻOiai ʻo ka nui o ka binge PuM me he mea lā maʻamau i waena o nā mea maʻi CSB, ʻike liʻiliʻi loa e pili ana i nā ʻano a me nā hana o kēia binges, a me kā lākou ʻano hana. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ka noho ʻana o nā ponokala kiʻi i loko o nā nānā lapaʻau he nui a hōʻike ʻia i loko o kahi noiʻi na Reid, Stein, et al. (2011), akā e like me ko mākouʻike, eia ka hōʻike mua e ho'āʻo ana e nānā i nā binges a nānā i keʻano o kēia mau mea. ʻOiai mākou eʻike nei i nāʻano mua o kā mākouʻikepili (e kūkākūkā houʻia ana ma ka māhele "Limeli") a me ka pono no ka noiʻi hou aku, ua hiki iā mākou ke aʻo i nāʻano hoihoi o ka Puke Puʻupuʻu.

ʻO ka mea mua, he ʻano ʻokoʻa paha kā binge PuM. Wahi a ka ʻikepili hōʻike ponoʻī i hōʻiliʻili ʻia, loaʻa paha i ka binges ke ʻano o ka nānā mau ʻana i nā ponokala kiʻi me nā masturbation he nui no kekahi mau hola i ka lālani (maʻamau> 6 mau hola me nā haki i ʻoi aku ma mua o 30 min) a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana he nui (ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻehā manawa i ka lā, 0.5-1 mau hola kēlā me kēia) o nā kiʻi paʻi kiʻi e nānā nei i hoʻokahi lā, me ka masturbation.

ʻO ka lua, hiki keʻikeʻia ka PuM i keʻano o ka paneʻana i nā pilikia a me ka hanaʻole o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻaʻana i ke alo o ka wahine, akā, ka emi o ke kaumaha kino, ke kaumaha, a me ka hopohopo. ʻAʻole maopopo i ke kumu i lawaʻole ai kahi hanana nui o PuM i mea e hōʻoluʻolu ai i ka naʻau a piʻi i loko o ka binge. Loaʻa mākou i kahi mau manaʻo kuhihewaʻole a me kekahi mau'ōlelo hoʻohālike, kūpono e nānā i nā noi o ka wā e hiki mai ana.

ʻO kahi wehewehe kūpono hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia nā manaʻo maikaʻi ʻole (e laʻa, "ua hōʻole hou wau") a me nā manaʻo (e like me ka huhū) ma hope o ka ʻāpana mua o PuM e hana i ka pilikia, kahi e pono ai e hoʻēmi ʻia ma o ka hana hou ʻana o ka hana like, e like me ka ʻano o ka ke kū nei i ka hana hōʻemi kaumaha e kū mai ana ma ke ʻano he hopena o nā manaʻo pulakaumaka i ka OCD (ʻO Stein, 2002).

ʻO ka lua o nāʻike e pili ana i ka loaʻa houʻana (ʻO Gola, Wordecha, et al., 2017) nā kānaka eʻimi ana i ka hōʻailona no ka pilikia o nā kiʻi paʻi kiʻi iʻoi aʻe ka piʻiʻana o ka pūnaewele uku ma ka lolo (ʻo ia hoʻi ka makani straltum) i pane i nāʻike e pili ana i ka ponokala kiʻi. Hiki paha he hoʻokahi manawa o ka PuM hiki ke hoʻohilahiu i kēiaʻano, e hoʻonui i ka hoihoi i nāʻike hope a me ka hopena me nā koi ikaika, e alakaʻi ana i nā binges.

ʻO ke kolu o nā ho'ākākaʻana i kekahi o nā hana o nā maʻi o nā mea e pili ana i ka habituation. Hoʻohālike i nā mea hoʻolālā i nā mea hoʻolālā i hoʻoemiʻia i ka hopena o ka leʻaleʻa i ka uluʻana o ke kīpilikia i mea kūpono o ka maʻamau no nā uku (Volkow et al., 2010). ʻO kēiaʻano pilina e hiki ai i ka nui o nā kau. I ke kumu o CSB,ʻo ka uku hope loa ka hopena (ʻO Gola, Wordecha, Marchewka, et al., 2016); a ma ka hapanui o nā moe kolohe, porno pornography e hāʻawi ana i ka hoʻonāuki e pono ai no ka masturbation e hoʻopau me ke kauʻana (e like me ka hōʻikeʻia i ke Kiʻi 2,ʻo ka hapanui o nā māhele o ka masturbation i hoʻohui pūʻia me ka hoʻohana ponoʻana i nā ponokala). Hiki nō i nā kānaka CSB,ʻaʻohe lawa o nā mea'eleʻale no ka hopena a lōʻihi ka manawa e huli i nā hanana hou, nā mea hoʻouluhua kūpono. Hiki nō hoʻi ma hope o ka hopena hoʻokahi ke paepae kiʻekiʻe no nā hopena o ka hopena, aʻo ka pono o ka nānā ponoʻana i nā ponokala e pono ai eʻike i ka hoʻonanea i ka hoʻonanea.

ʻO ka hāhā o ka pahuhopu kūpono e manaʻo ai i ka hopena ma kahiʻoi aku o ka hana maʻamau no kekahi poʻe me CSB. Ke waihoʻia nei (ʻO Gola, Wordecha, Marchewka, et al., 2016), hiki i nā hiʻohiʻonaʻilikai ke kumu o ka leʻaleʻa. No ka nānāʻana iā lākou, makemake nā kānaka e hoʻoikaika i nā hana e like me ka mea e pono ai ka loaʻaʻana o nā kālā kālā (ʻO Sescousse, Caldú, Segura, & Dreher, 2013). ʻO ka mea hoihoi, hoʻonāukiuki ka hoʻonāukiuki i ka moekolohe i ka wahine e pili ana i ka hoʻonui hou ʻana o ka hoʻoulu e kiaʻi iā lākou a komo i ka moekolohe a hiki i ka hopena o ka hopena. Ma hope o kēlā, hoʻonāukiuki i ka moekolohe a me ka hoʻonāukiuki ʻana e nānā i nā stimulus wahine e hoʻemi. Kuhi mākou inā ʻike ka poʻe CSB i ka climax ma mua o ka leʻaleʻa o ke kanaka maʻamau (ie, ma muli o ka noho maʻamau), e nānā paha lākou i ka nānā ʻana i nā ponokala kiʻi - kahi kumu o ka leʻaleʻa - a hoʻāʻo e hoʻolohi i ka hopena, e alakaʻi ana i nā kau lōʻihi o hoʻohana ponokala. Manaʻoʻiʻo mākou hiki i nā ʻano ʻehā ke hāʻawi pū i ka pue PuM, a ʻo kēlā me kēia o lākou e kūpono i nā ʻike kikoʻī.

I ka hopena, ua noi mākou inā e emi iho keʻano o ka manawa a iʻole ka nui o ka māluhiluhi, ka pilikia, a me ka hopohopo e hoʻohālikeʻia ma ka hōʻike diary ma muli o ka hoʻohanaʻana o ka pingo pornography. No ka loaʻaʻole o nā hopena kūpono, pono ka nīnau houʻana o kēia nīnau. Eia naʻe, ma muli o kā mākouʻikepili, hāʻawi mākou i kekahi mau manaʻo. Uaʻike mākou i ka emiʻana o ka manawa a me ka māluhiluhi nui i kahi lā ma mua a hoʻokahi lā ma hope o ka puhiʻana. No laila, hiki i ka emiʻana o ka manawa a me ka māluhiluhi nui ka hopena a me ka hopena. Ke hoʻonuiʻia ka hopohopo a me ka pilikia i kekahi lā ma hope o ka puhiʻana, aʻoi aku ka hopena (Figure 4). ʻO ka mea nui, nā kumu i hōʻike i nāʻokoʻa likeʻole ma waena o nā mea i mua a me ka hahaiʻana i nā binges. No laila, ke manaʻo nei mākou he hanaʻano pokole paha kēlā no kēlā me kēia kanaka, ke kōkuaʻana i kekahi e pale i keʻano, kekahi me ka luhi, a me ka hopena o nā hopena kūlohelohe, e hilinaʻi ana i nā manaʻo hilinaʻi likeʻole. Hōʻike kēia loiloi i ka hiʻona nui loa o nā binges no kaʻoihana lāʻau.

Ka waiwai nui

Ma muli o kā mākou hopena, makemake mākou e kūkākūkā i nā hua'ōlelo o ka Puke Puʻupuʻu ma ka hana maʻi me nā maʻi CSB. Wahi a nāʻike i hōʻikeʻia i loko o kēia haʻawina,ʻo ka hapa nui o nā maʻi CSB eʻike i nāʻano pipi. ʻO ka meaʻono, ma keʻano likeʻole i nā kānaka iʻike i nā haʻawina o ka pilale pokole a me nā hui kūkā kino, a me ka pilikia eʻike ana i nā manaʻo, nā manaʻo, a me nā hopena e hiki ai i ka hoʻohana ponokala kiʻi, hiki i nā poʻe iʻike i nā'ōpoki keʻike i ko lākou mau manaʻo kūlohelohe a me nā manaʻo e pili ana nā binges. Hiki iā ia ke heleuma maikaʻi no ka hōʻailona a me ka hana maʻamau. Eia kekahi,ʻikeʻia nā hōʻikeʻike lōʻihi o ka diary i ka nui o nā hoʻoponoponoʻana o nā binges me keʻano, nāwaliwali, nāwaliwali, a me nā loli o ka makaʻu, ke kākoʻo i kā mākou mauʻike i loaʻa mai i nāʻike i loaʻa i nā nīnauele.

ʻO kekahiʻano o ka maikaʻi o nā binges e pili ana i ka loli kiʻekiʻe o nāʻoihana binge. Hiki keʻikeʻia he mau pāʻani kēia i nā hana o ke kākoʻoʻana, ma mua o ka hana e hoʻonā ana i ka haunaele. No laila,ʻo ka hōʻailona pihaʻana o nā binges (ma mua o ka hoʻonālāʻana i kekahi o nā hōʻike o nā ponokala kiʻi) hiki ke hāʻawi i kahi ala wikiwiki no kaʻikeʻana i nā wahi ola e pono ai ke uluʻana o nā mea'ē aʻe.

I ka hopena, hiki i kekahi ke nīnau inā e hoʻokomoʻiaʻo PuM i loko o nā pae helu hōʻailona o CSB i manaʻoʻia no ka ICD-11 e hiki mai ana (WHO, 2018). Eia naʻe, i ka manawa o kā mākou haʻawina haʻawina haʻahaʻa e hōʻike ana i ka hapanui o nā kānaka i hui me Kafka's (2010) Nānā nā CSB i nā binges,ʻaʻole lākou a pau. ʻOʻelua o nā meaʻeiwa (B a C) iʻikeʻole i ka PuM, a hoʻokahi (C) iʻike iā ia i nā manawa he nui wale i kona ola. No kēia kumu, ke kū'ē nei mākou i ka hoʻokomoʻana i ka Puke Binge ma keʻano he mea hōʻoia o ka CSB, akā mākou e noʻonoʻo ana i kaʻike pihaʻana i kēia hōʻailona paha he kumu waiwai kūpono no nā kauka.

ʻO kekahi mea'ē aʻe e pili ana i ka pilikino B,ʻo ia ka mea i pale aku iā PuM no nā makahiki 6 (ua hōʻikeʻo ia i kēlā me kēia lā me ka wahine), a keʻimi nei i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa no CSB, e'ōlelo ana i nā kiʻi ponokala. Ua hui pūʻo ia i nā papahana a pau i manaʻoʻia no ka ICD-11, e hōʻike ana me ka loaʻaʻole o nā halihali koʻikoʻi, hiki i kekahi poʻe ke kūpono i ka hōʻailona disorder CSB, no ka mea,ʻaʻohe helu e kuhikuhi ana i ka manawa i hala hope loa mai ka hopena hope loa o ka CSB. Ua hoʻoholo mākou e hoʻokomo i ka Māhele B ma kēia hōʻike noiʻi e hōʻike i ka'ōhumu a me ka hōʻikeʻana i kekahi poʻe e huli i ka lapaʻau a hālāwai i nā papa helu hōʻailona me ka nele o nā hōʻailona.

hoʻokau

Ke nānā nei mākou i kēia haʻawina ma ka hoʻokolokolo muaʻana e hiki ai ke hoʻoikaika i nā mea noiʻi'ē aʻe eʻimi i keʻano, nā hana, a me ka hana a ka Puke Puke. He nui nā palena a me ka ho'āʻo e hana hou i ka mea e hanaʻia (e hauʻoli mākou e kaʻana like i kā mākou hana a pau me ka mea makemake e hoʻohana.). ʻO ka mea mua, ua aʻo mākou iʻeiwa wale nō mau kanaka aʻehiku wale nōʻikeʻike piha. ʻO ka lua, uaʻimi nei nā kānaka i kaʻimi i ka hōʻailona no CSB aʻewalu o lākou i ho'āʻo mua i ka CSB ma mua, no laila ua hoʻoikaika nui lākou e hoʻoholo i kā lākou kiʻi ponokala. ʻO ke kolu, ua hoʻomaka lākou a pau i ka mālamaʻia i ka manawa o kā mākou hoʻolālā papa heluʻo 70 a hoʻopau i nā kauʻeono ma kahi o kēlā me kēia pule. Hiki paha i kēia ke hoʻololi nui i kaʻikepili lālā i hōʻiliʻiliʻia, a ke manaʻo nei mākou ua huaʻia ka hua liʻiliʻi o nā CSB ma mua o kaʻikeʻana i nā kānaka CSB i hanaʻoleʻia. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻoikaika i kaʻike pilikino ma mua o ka mea i loaʻaʻole i ka lāʻau.

ʻO nā palena e pili ana i kaʻikepili a me ka hōʻailona. Ua hana mākou i ka maikaʻi e hōʻiliʻili i nāʻikepili kiʻekiʻe loa i ka manawa o nā papa hana papahana, akā, he mau lapahaka hikiʻole keʻikeʻia (Ka Hōʻike Papa S2). Manaʻo mākou he nui nā hanana o ka moekolohe i hiki i nā lā i ka manawa i hanaʻoleʻia ai ke kākau diary, a ua pili paha i ka hoʻokuʻuʻana i ka hoʻonāukiukiʻana o ka hoʻomau i ka diary. ʻAʻohe ala e hiki ai iā mākou ke mālama i kēia hihia ma kēia noi. Inā heʻoiaʻiʻo kēia, a lailaʻaʻole hōʻikeʻia kaʻikepili e pili ana i ka moekolohe. Ua noi mākou i nā mea maʻi e hana hoʻokahi i loko o ka diary i kēlā me kēia lā. ʻAʻoheʻano kūpono o iaʻano kūlana kino e hoʻoholo ai i kahi pilina pili i waena o nā mea likeʻole, e like me keʻano, ka hopohopo, ka pilikia, a pēlā aku, ma kekahiʻaoʻao, a me nā binges ma kekahi. No ka noiʻana o ka wā e hiki mai ana, hōʻike mākou i nā hoʻolālā manawa kūpono i nā manawa he nui i ka lā ma keʻano heʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e hoʻoholo ai i ka pilina pili i ka hopena a e pale i nā āpau o kaʻikepili.

Ma muli o nā palena i ʻōlelo ʻia aʻe (ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka hana moekolohe maʻamau e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana a me ka nalo ʻana i nā ʻikepili), no ke kumu o ka ʻikepili ʻana, ua wehewehe mākou i nā ʻāpana binge ma mua o 1 hr o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ponokala kiʻi a me / a i ʻole 2 a ʻoi paha nā masturbations i ka lā. ʻIke mākou mai nā noiʻi ʻē aʻe e hoʻopili paha ia ʻano wehewehe me ka hana moekolohe o kēlā me kēia kanaka i kū ʻole i ka pae CSB (Brand et al., 2016). No laila, no nā noiʻi e hiki mai ana e pili ana i nā heluna kanaka me ka ʻole o ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā hana i ʻoi aku ka holomua (ʻo ia hoʻi, ka loiloi manawa pōkole o ke kaolaola), a no nā hana hoʻokolohua, ke ʻōlelo nei mākou e wehewehe ʻia kahi binge ma ke ʻano he 2+ hola o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni a / a i ʻole 3+ masturbation kau ma ka lā. Paipai pū mākou i nā mea noiʻi e hoʻoholo i kēia mau paepae i nā noiʻi empirical.

ʻO ka hāʻawiʻana o nā mea hoʻohana

Ua kōkuaʻo MWo i ka hoʻonaʻauao a me nā hoʻolālā, nā haumāna e hoʻolālāʻia, alakaʻiʻana i nā nīnauele, ka weheweheʻikepili a me ka unuhi, a me ka palapala kākau. Ua kōkuaʻo MWi i ka hoʻomohalaʻike a me ka ho'ākākaʻana a me ka hoʻomākaukauʻana i ka palapala kākau. Ua hāʻawiʻo EK i nā papahana noiʻi. Ua kōkuaʻo MS a me A'll i ka hoʻomohalaʻana i nā polokalamu mele papa inoa a me nā hana hoʻopuka. Ua kōkuaʻo MG i ka hoʻonaʻauaoʻana a me ka hoʻolālāʻana, kaʻikeʻikepili, ka palapala kākau, ka loaʻa kālā, a me ka nānāʻana i nā noi.

Kōkua hihia

ʻAʻole ka'ōlelo a nā mea kākau e pili ana i kaʻike o kēia puke.

E hoʻomaopopo '