ʻO nā kiʻi'Iliʻoniʻoni a me nāʻike pilikino o nā wāhine me ka hoa hana (2019)

Introduction

ʻO ka nui o ka inoa inoa ʻole, ka ʻimi, a me ka hiki o ka nānā ʻana i nā kiʻi o ka pūnaewele.¹ Ma waena o nā haumāna haʻawina ma United States, 82.3% o nā kāne a me 60.4% o nā wahine i hoʻohana i ka hoʻohana kiʻi i nā kiʻi kiʻi wahine no ka moekolohe.² ʻO ke koleke ʻōpio a me nā wahine ʻōpio wā kahiko i United States (ma waena o 18 a me 30 mau makahiki he ʻelua) ʻelua mau manawa e hoʻohana kiʻi ʻia ai i nā kiʻi i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā wahine kahiko.³ ʻOiai ua hoʻonui ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā wahine ʻōpio i nā ponokala kiʻi i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā hoa wahine mua, ʻo ka pinepine o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kiʻi ponokala kiʻi e nā wahine e haʻahaʻa ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i kā lākou kāne kāne. ʻo 13.4% wale nō o nā makahiki o ke kula nui e hōʻike nei i ka nānā ʻana i nā wikiō ponokalaʻa i ka mahina i hala aku nei ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 35.3% o nā kāne makahiki o ke koleke.²

Hāʻawi ʻia i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻonāukiuki i nā wahine i hōʻike ʻia i ke kiʻi ʻana i nā kiʻi o ka pili kino⁴ a me ka hana nui a ka hauʻoli wahine i ka nohona wahine a me ka pilina maikaʻi,⁵ ʻo ka hoʻonui i ka hana o nā ponokala kiʻi i ka ʻimi moekolohe a me ka loaʻa ʻana e hāpai i nā nīnau nui e pili ana i ke olakino wahine a me nā pilina pili. Pili kēia mau nīnau i nā wahine heterosexual mai ka nui o ka hana ʻino i hōʻike ʻia i nā kiʻi ponokala e hana ʻia e nā kāne e kūʻē i nā wahine.^6,7

ʻO ka noiʻi e pili ana i ka pilina ma waena o nā kiʻi ponokala kiʻi a me ke olakino wahine a me ka moekolohe i ka nānā nui ʻia i nā hopena pili. Hōʻike ka noiʻi i ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka ponokala kiʻi me ka mua a me / a i ʻole ka hoʻomaka wikiwiki ʻana o ka moekolohe, nā ʻano ʻoluʻolu hou aku i ka moekolohe maʻamau, a me ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ke komo ʻana i nā moe kolohe e like me anal sex, sex me nā hoa he nui, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau a ʻona paha. i ka wā o ka moekolohe.^8-10 ʻO ka hōʻike mua o ka hoʻolaha, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pohō.¹¹ He nui nā hana meta-analima e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka porn e pili ana i ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka hana moekolohe a me nā hana hoʻomāinoino,^12-14 e like me ka hoʻonui nui ʻana i nā kūlana kūlohelohe pilikino e pili ana i ka pilina heterosexual ma waena o ka poʻe nānā aku.¹⁵

ʻO nā noiʻi ʻē aʻe e kia ana i ke kuleana o nā ponokala kiʻi i ka naʻau a me ke olakino noʻonoʻo o nā wahine e hōʻike nei i kekahi mau kūʻē. Hōʻike kekahi mau mea pane wahine i ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā ponokala kiʻi i ka mana maikaʻi,^16,17 ka hoʻonui ʻana i kahi manaʻo o ka hoʻokuʻuʻana i ka moekolohe, ka mana, a me ke kūwaho a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka hilahila.^18-21 ʻO kekahi mau wahine, akā, e hōʻike i ka hilahila a i ʻole nā ​​pilikia e nānā ʻia ana i nā kiʻi porno.²² pono pilikino hoʻopuka pilikino i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana iā lākou iho i nā wahine i ke kiʻi ʻino.^23,24 e like me ka manaʻo o ka nele a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa iho.²⁵ Hōʻike nā haʻawina ʻē aʻe i kahi pilina ma waena o ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā kiʻi a me ka hauʻoli ʻole o ke kino.²⁶

ʻO ka mea hope loa, noiʻi e pili ana i ke kiʻi ʻana o ke kiʻi i ke kiʻi i ka leʻaleʻa e pili ana i nā kiʻi e pili ana i ka pili ʻana i ka wahine.^22,27,28 nā kūlana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa²⁵ a me ka emi ʻana o ka hilinaʻi, a me ka hoʻonui nui ʻana o ka naʻau kaumaha.²⁹ Aia kahi kūleʻa wahine kīwī he nui i loko o nā hua o ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā kiʻi i waena o nā kāne a me nā wahine i nā pilina heterosexual; "He ʻano mau loa o nā wahine me ka hoʻopili pinepine ʻana i nā kāne me ka hoʻohana pinepine ʻana i nā kiʻi liʻiliʻi a ʻo lākou e hōʻike iki ana i ka hana ʻole."^30(p153) Pili loa kēia "hakahaka porn" i ka hoʻoluʻu ʻoluʻolu haʻahaʻa a me ka kūpaʻa o nā hoa ʻelua i ka pilina, a me ke ʻano nui o ke kāne a me ka makemake wahine haʻahaʻa.³¹ ʻO kahi meta-analysis o nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua a me ʻole noxperimental ma ka punaewele ponokala kiʻi e hōʻoia ai i nā hui maikaʻi ʻole ma waena o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kiʻi ponokala kiʻi a me ka maikaʻi o ka wahine a me ka maikaʻi o nā pilina pili.³²

Ke hoʻokokoke nei kā mākou noiʻi i ka hana o nā ponokala kiʻi i nā pilina moekolohe wahine ma kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa iki. Ke kiʻi nei i ke kumumanaʻo kākau moekolohe, kikoʻī ʻo Wright's³³ loaʻa, hana, hoʻopono (₃AM) k modelkohu, ʻike mākou i ke kuleana o ka ponokala kiʻi i ka manawa o ka pilina moekolohe: Palapala moekolohe a Wright ₃Hoʻolālā ka hiʻohiʻona AM o ka moekolohe ʻana i ka kikoʻī i ke kaʻina hana e hiki ai i nā palapala moekolohe ke kiʻi i ka noʻonoʻo a i ʻole ka heuristic o kēlā me kēia mea i ka mea e pono ʻole ai i kēia manawa. Ke noi aku nei mākou, ke hoʻohana nei paha nā kiʻi ponokala kiʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hoʻohana pinepine ʻana, e pili ana i nā manaʻo o ka wahine heterosexual a me nā manaʻo i ka wā o ka ʻike pili me kahi hoa? Pili paha nā kiʻi ponokala kiʻi pinepine i ka likelihood e hoʻonāukiuki nā wahine i nā kiʻi ponokala kiʻi i ko lākou mau noʻonoʻo i ka wā o ka moekolohe? He mea nui paha ka palapala ponokala kiʻi i ka manaʻo o nā wahine e pili ana iā lākou iho a me ko lākou mau kino i ka wā o ka moekolohe me kahi hoa?

Nā palapala kiʻi a me ka ₃Hōʻano AM

Kūpono i ka hana ʻikepili i ke kahakaha ʻana i ke kiʻi i loko o ka manaʻo "cognitive scripts" i kuhi ʻia nei ʻo nā palapala moʻomeheu e like me nā mea i loaʻa i ka pākīwī e hiki ke hāʻawi i kahi ʻano heuristic e hōʻike ana i ka noʻonoʻo a me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana o ka poʻe a me ka noʻonoʻo. e puni ana iā lākou.³⁴ Heuristic hana hoʻōla i ka hoʻolaʻa ʻana o ka noʻonoʻo noʻonoʻo i ka ʻike a wikiwiki a hana ʻole me ke ʻano he nui ʻana e like me ka hoʻōla ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana, ka mea e pili ana i ka noʻonoʻo, ke kaupaona ʻana o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, a me nā ʻike naʻau. ʻO ka manaʻo o ka ʻatikala pili ʻana, e pili ana i nā ʻano o nā hanana moʻomeheu i ke ʻano o ka moʻo ʻana o ka moe kolohe, ke hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā kūlana moe, a me nā koina, nā makemake, a me nā ʻano.^35,36 Wright's³³ papa hana pilikino ₃Kūkulu ʻia ke ʻano hoʻohālike o AM no ka moekolohe ʻana i ka manaʻo o ka ʻatikala pili ʻana me ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā ʻano hana e ʻike.³⁴ media,³⁷ a me noʻonoʻo noʻonoʻo³⁸ nā manaʻo hana e hana i nā kaʻina noʻonoʻo e hele mai ai nā palapala kūlohelohe i kahi hana i ke ʻano moe kino, nā manaʻo, a me nā ʻano. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Wright, pono e loaʻa i nā mea pili i ka moekolohe a hana ʻia i ka noʻonoʻo ma mua o ka hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i nā kūlana moekolohe. ʻO kēlā me kēia hana pae - hoʻoili ʻia, hoʻākoakoa, a hoʻohana ʻia - e like me ka loli a i ʻole ka loli ʻana e ka lehulehu, ka moʻomeheu, a me nā ʻano e like me ka hoʻopili ʻana, ka lehulehu, a me ka pololei o ka media. Hoʻohui nā mea hoʻololi a me nā mea maʻamau, akā ʻaʻole i kaupalena ʻia, ka lāhui, ka wahine, ka makahiki, nā ʻano hoʻoikaika ʻana no ka hoʻohana ʻana, ka lōʻihi a me ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻolaha ʻana, nā moʻolelo pili palapala, a me ka loaʻa o nā nūpepa e hoʻolako ʻia e nā kula, nā ʻohana, a i ʻole nā ​​hana hoʻomana. I kēlā me kēia manawa o ke kaʻina hanaʻenehana, hiki i ka ʻatikepili pili i ke kiʻekiʻe a i lalo paha i ka salience ma muli o nā mea ʻano moderating. No ka mea, ʻike pinepine ka ʻike ʻana i nā pāpā, e hoʻoliʻi nui ʻia nā kiʻi, no ka lōʻihi o ke manawa a me ke kumu e ʻoi aʻe ka kiʻekiʻe o ka naʻau o nā ʻano o nā mea ʻike, pēlā e hoʻonui ai i ka hana e hoʻokūkala ʻia ai ke ʻano kikowaena kiʻi.

Nui a me nā ₃Hōʻano AM

Ke noiʻi ʻana i nā ʻāpana o nā ₃Hōʻike ke kumu hoʻohālike o AM i ke ʻano o ke kiʻi me ke ʻano o nā ʻano a me nā ʻano, a me ka hoʻohuli ʻana a i ʻole nā ​​ʻano hoʻohālikelike. Ma ke ʻano o nā hiʻohiʻona, hōʻike ka lōʻihi o ka data i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kiʻi e pili ana i ka porn me ka nui o ke kākoʻo no ke komo ʻana i ka hānau hānau ʻana no ka poʻe ʻōpio ma o ka huli ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona pili i ka wā ʻōpio³⁹ me ka hoʻonui ʻana hoʻi i ke kākoʻo no ka loaʻa o ka male ʻana ma o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā manaʻo hilinaʻi ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka moekolohe.⁴⁰ Ua ʻike ʻia ke nānā ʻana i nā kiʻi me ke ʻano ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hiʻohiʻona ʻano maʻamau ma waena o nā mea nānā, akā ʻaʻole naʻe he mea nānā ʻpiopio.¹⁵ a hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi a me kekahi mau ʻoluʻolu i ke ʻano o ka moe kolohe me ke ʻano o nā ʻano mua e pili ana i ka hana extramarital.⁴¹

Ma nā huaʻōlelo, ua ʻike ʻia ka noiʻi i nā hiʻohiʻona ʻae loa i ka moe kolohe e hoʻololi i ka pilina ma waena o ka nānā ʻana i nā kiʻi kikowaena a me kāna hui ʻana me nā kūlana kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana, ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku o nā hoa kīhoʻi kūʻokoʻa, a hoʻolālā e loaʻa i nā hoa moeʻokoʻa i ke ʻano. i ka wā e hiki mai.⁴² Ua pili pū nā helu o nā nānā ʻana i ka nānā me ka piʻi a me ka piʻi ʻana o nā kāne a me nā wahine i makemake i ka hoʻāʻo a no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻano moeʻuhane i hōʻike ʻia ma ka moekolohe.⁴³ Hoʻokomo ʻia ka nānā ʻana i nā kiʻi me ka hoʻokaʻawale i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā condom i waena o nā poʻe i manaʻo e ʻaeʻae nā kiʻi i nā kiʻi i ʻike ʻia i ka moekolohe.⁴⁴ ʻO ka mea hope loa, “pili pū ʻia i ka ʻehiku mau manawa i ka haki ʻana i ka moe kolohe no ka poʻe hauʻoli ʻole ʻia, akā pili ʻole ʻia ka moe kolohe kanaka.”^45(p67)

ʻOiai ua nui nā noiʻi e ʻimi nei i nā pilina ma waena o ka loaʻa a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka palapala e pili ana i ka pornographic i ka ʻano a me ke ʻano, hoʻōla ʻia - ka hana kuʻi kognitive i ka hana ʻoihana wahine. komo ola i ka noʻonoʻo.

Pukiki a me ka hana

Hōʻike mua i ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka cognitive i nā kiʻi i ke ʻano e hōʻike pinepine ai i nā ʻike maoli. ʻO Peter lāua ʻo Valkenburg^46(p227) ʻike ʻia nā kiʻi i nā kiʻi ʻikekikua ʻo "ka pili ʻana i ka moekolohe 'i ka ʻōpio a ʻo nā ʻōpiopio e like me ka nui o nā kiʻi a lākou e nānā nei, ʻoi aku ka manaʻoʻiʻo lākou e ʻike ka mea e pili ana i ka hana pilikino. Tsitsika et al.^47(p549) ua ʻike ʻia i waena o nā ʻōpio Helene, ʻike ʻia ʻana i nā mea moe kolohe "ka manaʻo maoli ʻole e pili ana i ka moekolohe a me nā ʻano hoʻopunipuni e pili ana i nā pilina."ie., ʻoliʻoli) me ka uku ʻole o nā uku (ie., komohana a me ka maʻi nō),⁴⁸ pela e hoʻēmi ai i ka pae o ka moʻo mua i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻike ʻana.⁴⁹ Eia nō naʻe, e noʻonoʻo i ka ʻike i nā kiʻi e like me ka script heuristic e pili ana i kona hoʻohana i ka hoʻokele ʻana i nā kūlana i ʻole a i ʻole koke; i nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, e hōʻike ana i ka mea e hele ana i ka wā o nā hālāwai kolohe me ka hoa kāne.

I ka noiʻi mua, ua ʻimi mākou i ke kuleana o nā ponokala kiʻi i ka manaʻo kāne kāne heterosexual a me nā ʻike iā lākou iho a me kā lākou hoa i ka wā o ka moekolohe.⁵⁰ Ua nīnau mākou inā he hana koʻikoʻi ke kiʻi i kā lākou mau manaʻo i ka wā o ka moe kolohe a me ko lākou manaʻo e pili ana iā lākou iho a me kā lākou mau hoa i ka wā o ka hana kolohe. Hōʻike nā hopena i nā kiʻi kiʻi aku i kahi kanaka a nānā iā ia, ʻoi aʻe ka hoʻohana ʻana iā ia i ka wā moe kolohe, noi aku i nā ʻano kiʻi wahine i ka kāne i kona hoa, a i ʻole hana kolohe i nā kiʻi kiʻi i ka porn i ka wā moeʻuhane e hoʻomau. Ua hoʻopili pū kekahi ka nānā ʻana i ke ʻano o ke kiʻi me ka leʻaleʻa o ka moe kolohe me kahi hoa kāne, akā ʻaʻohe pilina me nā hopohopo no kāna hana pilikino a me ke ʻano kino. Ua hui pololei ʻia kēia mau pilina. ʻO ka nānā ʻana i ke kiʻi porn e pili ana i ka nui o ka hoʻōla ʻana o ka hana kiʻi porn porn i ka ʻike noʻonoʻo ʻana i ke kūlana a me ia iho, a me kona mau manaʻo a me nā ʻano i ka wā o nā hālāwai kolohe me ka hoa.

ʻO ke kumu a me nā Hypotheses

I kēia noi ʻana, ua nānā mākou i ka wahine a nīnau i ka nīnau like: he hana nui paha nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni i nā manaʻo o nā wahine i ka wā o ka moekolohe a pehea ka manaʻo o nā mea kūʻai wahine iā lākou iho a me kā lākou mau hoa i ka wā o ka moekolohe? Hāʻawi ʻia i ka ʻike o ka palapala moekolohe i nā kiʻi pono ʻole o nā kiʻi pono ʻole i ka wahine.⁴ a me nā ala i hoʻemi ʻia ai ka manaʻo pilikino a me ke kino o nā kaikamahine i ka hypersexualized media.⁵¹ ua manaʻo mākou he maikaʻi ʻole ka hopena o ka hoʻāla ʻana o nā ponokala kiʻi i nā ʻike moekolohe a nā wahine. ʻO kā mākou kuhiakau kikoʻī ke nīnau ʻia pākahi ia, e pili ana ka hoʻohana kiʻekiʻe ʻana o nā ponokala kiʻi no ka hoʻowali ʻana me nā mea aʻe:

Nā Papahana

i komo

Ma keʻano he nui o ka noiʻi ʻana nui^43,50 kā mākou hoʻohālike e komo me nā pane pane 706 (ʻike 1 Pūnaewele no ka ʻike demographic. Nā kulana komo ʻana i ka nāʻuila: noho i United States, wahine wahine, 18-29 mau makahiki he makahiki, heterosexual orientation, a loaʻa iā ia ma mua o kahi ʻike pilikino. ʻO ka hapa nui (85.1%) hōʻike ʻia ua hele lākou i ke kulanui a me ke kulanui. ʻO ka hapa nui (85.1%) he keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo Hispanic. ʻO ka makahiki awelika ʻo 19.82 mau makahiki (ka hoʻolika maʻamau [SD] = 1.65). ʻO ka hapa nui (ma luna o 66%) o nā kāne a me nā kahu wahine o kēia mau mea hana i hoʻopau i kahi kekelē. He ʻumikūmākahi mau mea i hōʻike i ka ʻae a i ʻole i ʻae ʻole i ka manaʻo haipule i mea nui iā lākou. Hoʻonohonoho mākou i ke kūlana pilina a ua ʻike ʻia nā mea a pau e hui ana i ka moe a i ʻole ma ke kūlana pili ʻole i ka pilina. He kanawalukumamāwalu mau mea o nā poʻe i komo i nā pilina a ʻo 50.1% ʻaʻole.

ʻO nā hana moekolohe dyadic ma mua ma kahi o kekahi o nā hana aʻe: e olohelohe me kahi kanaka ʻē aʻe, e pili ana i nā genital o haʻi, a me ka hana ʻana i ka wahine waha, ʻeleʻele, a me / a anal paha. ʻO ka hapa nui (82.3%) nā mea i komo i loko o ka noiʻi i hōʻike i ka hana ʻana i ka moekolohe. Mai nā mea pane 581 i hōʻike e pili ana i ka moekolohe ma mua, 88 i hana pēlā ma mua o ka makahiki 16, 384 i hana mua ma waena o 16 a 18 mau makahiki, a ʻo ka mea i koe 109 i moe kolohe ma 19 mau makahiki a ʻoi paha.

Pākuhi

Hoʻohana kiʻi kiʻiʻoniʻoni

Ka loiloi ʻia ka hoʻohana pono ʻana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka nīnau, (1) ma ka awelika, pehea ʻoe e hoʻohana ai i nā kiʻi no ka masturbation. Ua pane ʻia kēlā me kēia ma ka 8-point Likert scale (1 = ʻaʻole, 2 = ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o hoʻokahi makahiki, 3 = ka manawa i hoʻokahi makahiki, 4 = hoʻokahi manawa i ka mahina, 5 = mau manawa i hoʻokahi mahina, 6 = 1– 2 mau lā i ka hebedoma, 7 = 3-5 mau lā i ka hebedoma, a ʻo 8 = i kēlā me kēia lā a kokoke i kēlā me kēia lā. Eia kekahi, ua nīnau mākou i nā mea pane i ko lākou makahiki i ka hoʻolaha mua ʻana i nā kiʻi kikowaena a me nā punahele punahele o ke ʻano media e hoʻohana ana i mea e komo ai i nā kiʻi.

ʻOiai i nā kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi porn

ʻEkolu mau nīnau i loiloi i nā manaʻo o ka poʻe e pili ana i nā ponokala kiʻi e pili ana a i ʻole i ka wā o ka moekolohe ʻana me kahi hoa: (1) Ke moe kolohe nei wau me kahi hoa, hele mai nā kiʻi mai nā kiʻi pono ʻole i loko o koʻu poʻo; (2) Ke moe kolohe nei au me kahi hoa, noʻonoʻo wau e pili ana i nā kiʻi mai nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni e hoʻomau i koʻu hauʻoli; a (3) ʻOi aku ka pīhoihoi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni i ka masturbate ma mua o ka moekolohe ʻana me kahi hoa. Ua pane ʻia kēlā me kēia mea ma ka pālākiō Likert he 5 mau helu, mai ka 1 (ʻaʻole) a i ka 5 (mau). ʻO ka alpha Cronbach no ka pālākiō ʻo 0.81.

Nāʻike palekana e pili ana i ka helehelena

ʻEkolu mau nīnau i loiloi ʻia i ka insecurities e pili ana i ka helehelena: (1) I ka wā o ka moekolohe, hopohopo wau e pili ana i ka nānā ʻana o koʻu kino i kaʻu hoa. (2) Hiki iaʻu ke ʻoluʻolu i ka moekolohe ʻana inā ʻeleʻele ia i ʻike ʻole ai kaʻu hoa i koʻu kino; a (3) ʻO ka manawa mua aʻu e moe kolohe ai me kahi hoa hou, hopohopo wau e huli ʻia kaʻu hoa e ka ʻike ʻana i koʻu kino me ka ʻaʻohe lole. Ua pane ʻia kēlā me kēia mea ma ka pālākiō Likert 6, mai ka 1 (ʻaʻe loa) a i ka 6 (ʻae ʻae). ʻO ka alpha Cronbach no ka pālākiō ʻo 0.81.

ʻO ka leʻaleʻa o nā hana pili i ka wā moe me ka hoa hana

ʻEkolu mau nīnau i loiloi i ka leʻaleʻa o nā hana pilikino i ka wā o ka moekolohe: (a) hauʻoli wau i ka cuddling me kaʻu hoa kolohe; (2) Makemake au i ka honi ʻana i ka wā o ka moekolohe; a (3) Makemake wau e hoʻolōʻihi i ka manawa no ka milimili ʻana i ke kino o kaʻu kāne moekolohe. Ua pane ʻia kēlā me kēia mea ma ka pālākiō Likert 6, mai ka 1 (ʻaʻe loa) a i ka 6 (ʻae ʻae). ʻO ka alpha Cronbach no ka pālākiō ʻo 0.75.

Ke Kaʻina hana

Ua hana kēia papahana i ka hui like ʻana, multisite aʻoi ʻana i ka moʻomeheu a me ka moekolohe i hana ma nā wahi ʻehā o nā kulanui ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa: ʻelua ma ka Northeast, hoʻokahi i ka Hema, a ma kekahi waena waena. Ua apono ʻia nā papa hoʻonaʻauao ʻikepili āpau āpau i nā papahana. Ua lawe ʻia nā mea komo mai ka pūnāwai 2011 i ka puna 2012 ma o ka leka uila, flyers, a i ʻole nā ​​mea hoʻolaha ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā mea hana hou i kuhikuhi ʻia i ke kumu aʻo e hoʻomaopopo ʻo ia i nā ʻano moekolohe, nā manaʻo, a me nā ʻano, i komo ka manaʻo i ka pane ʻana i nā ʻano nīnau e nīnau ana e pili ana i nā manaʻo, nā manaʻo, a me nā ʻano, ʻo ia hoʻi nā ʻano ka wahine. hōāhewa ʻia (e komo pū ana nā inoa o nā ʻāpana kino a i ʻole nā ​​hana ʻano hana), a e kau inoa ʻole ʻia nā pane a pau. Ua alakaʻi ʻia nā mea komo i kahi hoʻokele pūnaewele i hōʻike ʻia ma SurveyMonkey; kēlā me kēia wahi e loaʻa ai kahi pilina kūlike. Ua hāʻawi mua nā mea komo i ka ʻae a laila hōʻoia i ko lākou kuleana i mua o ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka hoʻokolokolo. Ua lawe ʻia ke komo ∼30 mau minuke. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana, hāʻawi ʻia nā mea i komo i ka komo i ka puʻupuʻu e lanakila ai i kekahi o nā makana ʻelima (hoʻokahi $ 100 a me nā makana he $ 60 a loaʻa ma o ka uku pilikino).

Kōkuhi hoʻokolohua

Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā helu ʻikepili e hāʻawi i ka ikepili helu ikehu i ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kiʻi me nā kiʻi kiʻi. Meaka a me SDs no nā loli hiki mau ana.2 Pūnaewele). Ua nānā ʻia nā helu a me nā helu kurtosis a me nā histograms no ka kuhi o ka normality. Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā mea palahalaha Bivariate e nānā ai i nā kuhi ʻana o ka pilina. No ka mea ka hapanui o nā poʻe e hōʻike nei i ke kiʻi e pili ana i ka hana kiʻi no ka masturbation a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka porn no ka hana ʻana i ka wahine me ka ʻoihana e like me ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o hoʻokahi makahiki a ʻaʻole paha, ʻaʻole mākou i haʻalele i kēia mau mana mai nā ʻano loiloi hou a kū ma kahi o ka mea e nānā ai i ke kiʻi porno no ka hana masturbation . ^ E Ha yM.

Ma mua o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka hypothesis, ua loiloi mākou i ke kumu hoʻohālike e hoʻohana ana i ka loiloi kumu hōʻoia A laila hoʻāʻo ʻia nā hypypheses me ʻelua mau hoʻohālike papa hoʻohālikelike me ka hoʻohālike o ka nui loa o ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i hana i kekahi ʻano exogenous ana i ka helu (ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana no ka masturbation) a ʻekolu mau mea endogenous (manaʻo i nā porn e pili ana i ka manawa o ka moekolohe, leʻaleʻa o nā hana pilikino i ka wā moe. nā haki e pili ana i ka helehelena). Ke komo nei i kahi lua no ʻelima mau exovous covariates (ka wā, ke keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, ka hoʻomana haipule, ke kūlana pilina, a me ka makahiki i ka wā i hōʻike mua ʻia i ka porn). Hiki i nā ʻano exogenous āpau ke hui pū ʻia. No ka mea he nui ka nui o ka chi square me ka nui nui o nā ʻāpana nui a me nā hoʻohālike,⁵² Ua hoʻoholo ʻia ke ʻano hoʻohālikelike maikaʻi inā aia inā ka chi square a i nā kekelē o ke kūʻokoʻa hiʻohiʻona <3, ka Comparative Fit Index (CFI)> 0.95, a ʻo ka Root mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) ʻo ia ka <0.05.⁵³ No ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka hana pili o nā hiʻohiʻona non-nested, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). ʻOi aku nā helu AIC liʻiliʻi e hōʻike i ka hoʻohālike kūpono.⁵⁴ Ua hoʻopau nā kālele me ka mana o ka mana me ka SPSS 21 a me AMOS 18.

Results

Hoʻohana ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ponokala i kēia manawa

2 Pūnaewele hōʻike i nā helu helu e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā mea i nā ponokala kiʻi. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea i komo i ʻike mua ʻia i nā kiʻi pono ʻole; ua hōʻike mua ʻia ka hapakolu o nā mea i komo i nā kiʻi pono ʻole ma mua o ka makahiki 13. Ua hōʻike ʻia kekahi mau mea komo ʻole e ʻike i nā kiʻi ponokala kiʻi ma mua. Nīnau ʻia nā mea e pili ana i kā lākou hoʻohana i nā ponokala kiʻi i kēia manawa no ka masturbation. Mai ka poʻe 591 i komo i pane i ka nīnau, kokoke i ka hapalua (43.5%) i hōʻike ma ka liʻiliʻi i kekahi o nā ponokala kiʻi e hoʻohana no ka masturbation. Ma waena o nā mea i komo i hoʻohana i nā ponokala kiʻi e masturbate, ʻo ka pinepine o nā kiʻi ponokala kiʻi e hoʻohana ai no ka masturbation he mau manawa kēlā me kēia mahina. Ma kahi lōʻihi, ʻo nā mea i loaʻa pinepine ʻia me ka pāpaho i hoʻohana ʻia e kiʻi i nā ponokala kiʻi ʻo ia ka Pūnaewele.

Huli mākou i ke ʻano o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka mana demographic e pili ana i ka hoʻohana pinepine ʻana i nā kiʻi porno no ka masturbation. ʻO ka ʻōpū, ka lāhui / ʻano ʻano, a me ke kūlana pili i pili ʻole i pili i ke alapine i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka porn no ka masturbation. ʻO ka religiosity wale nō ka mea nui a maikaʻi ʻole paha i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kiʻi porno no ka masturbation (r = −0.143, p <0.001, N = 589). Ua nānā mākou i ka pinepine o ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā ponokala kiʻi no ka masturbation e pili ana i nā loli hopena mua. Hōʻike ʻia nā pilina bivariate no kēia mau hui i 3 Pūnaewele.

ʻO ka ʻike hōʻoia kumu

Ma mua o ka loiloi ʻana i nā hypotheses haʻawina, ua loiloi mākou i ka nānā ʻana o kā mākou mea hoʻololi latin e hoʻohana ana i ka ʻike kumu hōʻoia. ʻO ka hoʻohālike piha e kūpono i ka ʻikepili, χ²/ ratio df = 2.34, CFI = 0.98, RMSEA = 0.04, a me 90% wā hilinaʻi ma ka RMSEA = 0.03-0.06. Hoʻopili nui ʻia nā mea āpau i kā lākou mau mea (p <0.001). Hōʻike ʻia nā helu helu wehewehe no nā loli hōʻike a me nā haawe maʻamau i kā lākou mau kumu 4 Pūnaewele.

Ke kūlou nei ka laulā hoʻohālike

Ma mua o ka loiloi ʻana i nā hypotheses pilikino, hōʻike mākou i ka kūpono o ke kumu holoʻokoʻa. Hāʻawi ke kkohu i kahi kūpono i ka ʻikepili, χ²/ ratio df = 3.13, CFI = 0.96, RMSEA = 0.06, 90% interval interval for RMSEA = 0.04 – 0.07, a AIC = 167.39 (Laau. 1). ʻO ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā covariates demographic i kā mākou hoʻohālike e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻohālike kūpono, ʻoiai ʻaʻole maikaʻi e like me ka hoʻohālike maʻalahi ʻana me ka covariates, χ²/ ratio df = 2.56, CFI = 0.95, RMSEA = 0.04, 90% interval interval for RMSEA = 0.04 – 0.06, a AIC = 305.55 (Laau. 2).

H1: Hoʻonui i nā manaʻo noʻonoʻo kiʻi kiʻi i ka wā porn me ka Partner

Ua makemake mākou e ʻike inā ua pili ke hoʻohana ʻana i ka porn no ka masturbation me nā manaʻo pili i ka porn i ka wā moe a me ka hoa hana, a i ʻole he mau manaʻo kuhihewa / manaʻo paha e pili ana i ka porn i ka wā e kiʻi ai a mālama ai i ka hauʻoli a i ʻole ka ʻōlelo i manaʻo ʻia no nā kiʻi kiʻi ma ke ʻano he wahine me ka hoa hana. Kākoʻo ʻia kā mākou hypothesis mua. Aia kahi hui kūpono ma waena o ka hoʻohana kiʻi ʻana i ka porn me ka masturbation a me nā manaʻo o nā kiʻi porn i ka wā o ka moekolohe.Laau. 1). Hāʻawi ʻia kahi koikoi ala ala i ka wā i hoʻokomo ai mākou i ka covariates demographic (Laau. 2). No nā covariates, ʻoi aku ka makahiki ʻōpio a me ka wā ʻōpio o ke kiʻi ʻana i nā kiʻi i nā kiʻi e pili ana i ka manaʻo o ke kiʻi i nā kiʻi e pili ana i ka manawa a i ka wā moe kolohe me ka hoa hana.

H2: Hoʻonui i nā mea palekana e pili ana i ka mea e pili ana i ka wā moe me ka Partner

ʻO kā mākou kuhiakau ʻelua i nīnau inā aia kahi pilina ma waena o nā ponokala kiʻi e hoʻohana no ka masturbation a me ka palekana e pili ana i ke kino o kekahi i ka wā o ka moekolohe. Kūlike ʻole i ko mākou kuhiakau ʻelua, ʻaʻohe pilina koʻikoʻi ma waena o nā ponokala kiʻi e hoʻohana ai no ka masturbation a me nā hiʻohiʻona insecurities i kā mākou kumu hoʻohālikelike (Laau. 1). ʻOiai ke komo pū ʻana o ka covariates demographic, i ʻole holo i ke ala (Laau. 2). ʻO nā covariates, kahi i pili i kahi pilina paʻa e pili pū me ka hūnā i nā hūnā e pili ana i ka helehelena.

H3: hoʻohaʻahaʻa iho hoʻohaʻahaʻa iho o ka hōʻike ʻana o nā hana pilikino i ka wā moe me ka Partner

Ua pane nā poʻe e pili ana i nā nīnau e nānā ana i ke kiʻekiʻe o kā lākou leʻaleʻa pili a me nā moe kolohe, e like me ka cuddling, honi, a me ka lawe. Kūlike ʻole i kā mākou hoʻokūkū ʻekolu, ʻaʻohe pilina koʻikoʻi ma waena o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka porno no ka masturbation a me ka leʻaleʻa hoʻonaninani ponoʻī iā lākou iho.Laau. 1). ʻAʻole i loli kēia me ka hoʻokomo ʻana o nā covariates demographic (Laau. 2). No nā covariates, ʻo ka pilina i loko o kahi pilina paʻa nui loa (a maikaʻi) i pili i ka ʻoliʻoli ponoʻī ʻana i nā mea hoʻonaninani pilikino.

Hoʻopuka ʻano hoʻololi

Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi hōʻike multiplier Lagrange e kūpono i ka hoʻohālikelike mua (Laau. 1) e hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā ala mai nā noʻonoʻo o ke kumu kiʻi i ka palekana i nā inikua e pili ana i ka nānā a me ka leʻaleʻa o nā hana pilikino i ka wā moe. Ua kū pololei ʻia kēia mea no ka hoʻowalewale ʻana i nā manaʻo kiʻi porn a me nā kiʻi i loko (a me nā kiʻi kino) i ka wā e pili ana i ka launa pū me nā hoa hana e hoʻohuli aku i kahi kanaka mai kahi neʻe ʻana i ka "ma aneʻi" a me ke ʻano o ka moe kolohe, ka hopena o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ʻana i ka hoa wahine a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka salience o nā ʻano ʻano kino a me nā ʻano moekolohe i hoʻohālike ʻia i ke kiʻi porn e like me nā mea e kau nei i ka loiloi a me ka loiloi hoa. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo Meana a me Nunnink⁵⁵ ʻike nā kiʻi i ka wā moe hiki ke hoʻāla i nā hopohopo pili i ke ʻano o nā helehelena a hoʻopili i ka leʻaleʻa wahine i ka wahine. No laila, ua noʻonoʻo mākou i kahi hoʻohālike hope loa i nānā i ke ʻano o nā noʻonoʻo kiʻi i nā kiʻi e pili ana i ka wā e pili ana i ka moe kolohe i ka pilina ma waena o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kiʻi a me nā mea ʻole e pili ana i ka ʻano a me nā hana kūlohelohe i ka wā o ka wahineLaau. 3). ʻO ka hoʻohālike piha e kūpono i ka ʻikepili, χ²/ ratio df = 3.53, CFI = 0.95, RMSEA = 0.06, 90% interval interval for RMSEA = 0.05 – 0.07, a AIC = 157.35. ʻO ke kiʻi porno no ka masturbation i noho nui ka wanana nui o nā manaʻo o nā mea poni wale nō. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka hōʻike o ka hūnā i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hōʻike bootstrapping e pili ana i ka manaʻo o ka ponokala e pili ana a i ʻole i ka hana a ka wahine (mean indirect [unstandardized] effect = −0.02, maʻamau error [SE] = 0.01, 95% interval interval [−0.041 a −0.004], a ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka pono coefficient = −0.06) i hoʻopili i ka pilina o waena e hoʻohana i ka masturbation a me kahi kumu pilikino. Eia kekahi, nā manaʻo o ka ponokala kiʻi (mean indirect [unstandardized] effect = 0.04, SE = 0.02, 95% interval interval [0.011 – 0.077], a me ka alaloa kūlana maʻamau coefficient = 0.08) i hoʻohui i ka pilina ma waena o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka porn no ka masturbation a me nā hewa. kumu. Me kēia mahope iho ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kikowaena o nā kikowaena hopena hopena hopena, Δχ² = 17.61, Δdf = 2, p <0.001, ΔAIC = 10.04.⁵⁶

kūkākūkā

Hōʻikeʻike i nā ʻike a me nā hopena

Ke hoʻohuli nei nā kāne ʻōpio a me nā wahine i ka pūnaewele me ka nui aʻe o ka ʻae a hoʻokomo pū me ka ʻike pili ʻana. E like me nā haʻawina ʻē aʻe,^57,58 ʻike mākou i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā kiʻi i nā kiʻi hoʻoili, ʻokoʻa loa ia mau mea i hele mai mai nā kumu pūnaewele. I ka manawa i komo ai lākou i ke kulanui, ʻo ka hapa nui (83%) nā wāhine i kā mākou aʻo ʻana i ʻike i nā kiʻi, a ma ka pūnaewele. Eia nō naʻe, e hōʻike ana kā mākou noiʻi i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻolaha ʻia ʻana o ka wā ʻōpiopio ma mua o nā mea i noiʻi ʻia ma mua. No ka iko, ka 2008, Sabina et al. ʻike ʻia ʻo 9.2% o nā kaikamahine i ʻike i ke kiʻi ʻana i nā ponokala ma mua o ka makahiki o 13; ʻike mākou he hapa nui o ko mākou pane (24.7%) i loaʻa i kēia mau makana mua.⁵⁸ E ʻōlelo paha kēia i ka nui o ka nui a me ka pae o ka ʻenehana wikiō hou ʻana⁵⁹ a me ka maʻalahi o ka mea e kiʻi ʻia ai ka kiʻi kiʻi ʻia ma kēia pūnaewele.

ʻOiai ka hapanui o nā wāhine i kēia aʻo ʻana ua hōʻike ʻia i nā ponokala ma mua, ʻo 43.5% wale nō i hōʻike i ka ʻai o ka masturbation. I kēlā mau mea e hoʻohana nei i nā kiʻi no ka masturbation, ka ʻikepili pinepine ʻana no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hoʻohana mau ʻana i hoʻokahi manawa hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā poʻe pane (56.5%) i hōʻike ʻole i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kiʻi no nā hana pilikino. ʻO 0.7% wale nō o nā wahine i kā mākou aʻo ʻana i hōʻike ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā a i ʻole ka hoʻopau ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā. ʻAe like nā ʻōpiopio ma muli o nā ala like ʻole e like me nā like: i ka hoʻopili ʻana me nā kiʻi kikowaena i kā lākou moekolohe, ʻoiai ke ʻano maʻamau, a pale pū paha lākou i ka make ma hope o nā hālāwai mua.

ʻOiai me nā helu haʻahaʻa o ka ʻai ma waena o nā wahine i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā kāne, he mea nui ka palapala ponokala kiʻi i nā ʻike kuʻuna wahine o nā hālāwai moekolohe me kahi hoa. ʻO nā wahine me nā helu kiʻekiʻe o ka nānā ʻana i nā ponokala kiʻi e ʻike paha i nā manaʻo e pili ana i nā ponokala kiʻi i ka wā o ka moekolohe me kahi hoa, e hilinaʻi i kēlā mau manaʻo e loaʻa a mālama i ka pīhoihoi, a i ʻole hōʻike i kahi makemake no nā ponokala kiʻi ma mua o ka moekolohe me kahi hoa (H1). ʻO nā wahine i ʻike i ka hoʻoweliweli i nā kiʻi ʻōpio i ka wā ʻōpio, ke liʻiliʻi lākou e loaʻa i nā palapala moekolohe ʻē aʻe a i ʻole i loaʻa i nā moe kolohe me kahi hoa e hoʻopilikia a hōʻaʻo paha i ka mana o ka moekolohe moekolohe. i ka wā o ka moekolohe me kahi hoa.

Kūlike ʻole i kā mākou mau hypotheses, ʻaʻole i ʻike mākou i kahi pili pololei ma waena o ka make ʻana o ka ponokala no ka masturbation a me ka piʻi ʻana o ka ʻike ma ka ʻike ʻole ʻia (H2) ʻaʻole hoʻi mākou i ʻike i kahi pili pololei ma waena o ka make ʻana o ka porno no ka masturbation a me ka leʻaleʻa haʻahaʻa o nā hana ma waena o ka moena me ka wahine maikaʻi. he hoa (H3). Akā, mahalo a mahalo ʻole mahope iho ua hoʻohālikelike nā hoʻololi hoʻohālikelike i ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā kiʻi ponokala wahine no ka hana pākīkē i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka insecurities e pili ana i ko lākou helehelena a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka leʻaleʻa o nā hana pili i ka wā o ka moekolohe e ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā manaʻo o nā ponokala kiʻi i ka hana moekolohe. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, pili ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni no ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā manaʻo o nā ponokala kiʻi i ka wā e pili ana i ka moekolohe, a me nā manaʻo ponokala kiʻi, akā ʻaʻole hoʻohana ʻia nā ponokala kiʻi iā ia iho, e pili pū me ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka hilahila ʻole a hoʻemi ʻia ka leʻaleʻa o nā hana pili i ka wā o ka wahine. No ke aha paha kēia hihia? No ke aha e noʻonoʻo ai i nā kiʻi ponokala kiʻi i ka pili a i ʻole i ka wā o ka moekolohe me kahi hoa e waena i ka pilina ma waena o nā kiʻi ponokala kiʻi a me ka ʻike o ka hilahila ʻole a me ka pili aloha no nā wahine.

Ke kuhi nei i ka ʻatikala kiʻi moʻoolelo, ʻike mākou e pili ana i nā palapala kūlohelohe i ka paʻi kiʻi i ka hana heuristic no ka wahine. Wahi a Wright,³³ pono e hoʻohana ʻia nā palapala moekolohe i ka noʻonoʻo ma mua o ka hiki iā lākou ke hopena i ka hana. Hiki i nā mea hoʻohālikelike o ka hana ke hoʻopili i nā mea e ʻike ai e like me ka makahiki a me / a me nā kāne a me nā mea i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e like me ka moʻo e pili ana i ka hanana.¹⁵ ʻO ka uku kiʻekiʻe o ka hana ʻino a me ka hoʻowahāwahā i ka hapanui o nā moʻoʻōlelo, e hoʻokūkū nei i nā wahine.⁴ e haʻalele paha i ka lōlō ʻana o ka palapala no nā wahine no ka mea e hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia ma waena o ka palapala a ke ʻano o nā mea pili i nā wahine. Pēlā, hiki i kēia pupule ke hana i kahi kaohi ʻana i ka wahine no ka loaʻa ʻole o nā kāne. ʻOiai ʻike pinepine ʻia nā kāne iā lākou iho he kumuhana i loko o kahi ʻatikala i hoʻolālā ʻia a hoʻākāka ʻia no ko lākou leʻaleʻa, pono paha e aʻo i nā mea hoʻohana wahine e ʻae iā lākou iho e lilo ana i mea e ʻoi ai ka hana hoʻomāinoino / hoʻonāukiuki i mea e lilo ai ka palapala i mea hoʻoikaika i kā lākou palapala kiʻi. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, no ka mea hiki i ka palaka ke hoʻokaʻawale i kona ʻano pilikino, pono paha i ka wahine ke hana iki i ke ʻano o ka hoʻokō ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana (kūwaho) a kū ʻole i ke kaʻina heuristic (wikiwiki a me ka noʻonoʻo ʻole) ma mua o ka hoʻopuka ʻana i ka ʻatikala. Ua kū like kēia ʻike i nā noiʻi ʻē aʻe e loaʻa ana i ka demographic, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka makahiki,¹⁵ a i ʻole nā ​​ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe¹³ hiki i ka wehe ʻana i ka pilina ma waena o nā pākēkē a me kēlā me kēia kanaka.

I kēia pōʻaiapili, hiki ke maʻalahi ʻia ka moekolohe moekolohe ma nā kāne e hopena ana i ka pilina a me ka pilina pololei ma waena o ka nānā ʻana i nā kiʻi ʻino a me nā kāne a me kahi pilina paʻakikī a waena hoʻi no nā wahine. I kahi noiʻi i hala iho nei,⁵⁰ ua ʻike mākou i nā ponokala kiʻi e hoʻohana pololei a pili pono i nā manaʻo o nā ponokala kiʻi a pololei a maikaʻi ʻole hoʻi i ka leʻaleʻa o ka pili. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, ʻo nā kāne i ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ponokala kiʻi e hoʻohana i ka ʻike i ka pili pili liʻiliʻi, me ka nānā ʻole i ka hoʻoulu ʻia ʻana o ka moekolohe moekolohe ma ka moekolohe. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā kāne e ʻai ana i nā ponokala kiʻi i nā uku kiʻekiʻena e ʻike hou i ka pono no nā ponokala kiʻi e mālama i ka pīhoihoi, no ka mea o ko lākou ʻike me ka pili aloha. ʻAʻohe pilina ma waena o nā kiʻi ponokala kiʻi a me nā manaʻo hilinaʻi iā ʻoe iho a i ʻole insecurities e pili ana i ka helehelena i waena o nā kāne.

Eia nō naʻe, i loko o kēia noi ʻana, ua ʻike mākou ua pili ka manaʻo o ka wahine heterosexual e pili ana i nā kiʻi pono kiʻi i ke ʻano o ka palapala moekolohe moekolohe ma kā lākou ʻike moekolohe. Pono nā wahine e hana a hōʻike i ka makemake no ka palapala ʻokoʻa i ka nānā wale ʻana iā ia, e like me ka hihia no nā kāne, i mea e hoʻokani ai i ka wahine i ka ʻike wahine. ʻO kēlā mau wahine i hōʻeuʻeu i ka palapala ponokala kiʻi i ko lākou ola moekolohe me kahi wahine heterosexual i ʻike i ka pili liʻiliʻi a me ka hilinaʻi haʻahaʻa i ko lākou helehelena. ʻOiai ka discordance kūlana-kūlana ma waena o nā ʻike kino o nā wahine a me ka hana ʻino a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa i loaʻa i ka hapa nui o nā ponokala kiʻi e pale ai, i ka manawa e hilinaʻi nā wahine i kēlā palapala moekolohe, hōʻike kā mākou ʻikepili ua ʻike lākou i nā hopena like a ʻoi aku paha o ka hopena o nā kāne. E like me nā kāne, ʻike lākou i ka pili liʻiliʻi ma kā lākou dyadic moekolohe. Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻike pū lākou i ka nui o ka insecurities e pili ana i ko lākou mau kino i ka wā o ka moekolohe me kahi hoa.

ʻO ka mea hope loa, aia i loko o kahi pilina paʻa i kekahi kuleana palekana i ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā hana pili i ka wā o ka moekolohe a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka hilahila ʻole e pili ana i ka helehelena. helehelena hilahila ʻole me nā hoa. ʻOiai ʻaʻole hiki i kā mākou ʻikepili ke hoʻokumu i ke ʻaoʻao o kēia mau pilina, hōʻike kā mākou ʻikepili, ma ka liʻiliʻi, ʻo ka palapala ponokala kiʻi, ke hoʻohana ʻia, ʻaʻole ia e kōkua i nā wahine e hilinaʻi me ka pili a pili i kā lākou kāne kāne. Lawe ʻia ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, manaʻo paha kēia e loaʻa ana i nā mea kūʻai wahine wahine pinepine kiʻekiʻe ke "ʻoi aku ka hewa" (ʻoi aku ka palekana a me ka pili liʻiliʻi) ma mua o kā lākou mau hoa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka ʻai ʻana o nā kiʻi ponokala kiʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi ka ʻai pinepine ʻana, ʻaʻole ia e hōʻike i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka hilinaʻi a me ka pilina ma nā ʻike moekolohe wahine me kahi kāne kāne.

hoʻokau

ʻOiai ke hāʻawi nei kā mākou noi o kēia manawa i ka ʻike i nā ponokala kiʻi a me ka moekolohe wahine ʻōpio i nā pilina dyadic, pono e unuhi ʻia kāna mau hopena me nā palena o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka noʻonoʻo. ʻO ka mea nui, ʻoiai ke ʻano waena o nā manaʻo ponokala kiʻi i ʻike ʻia ma o mahope iho Hoʻohālikelike a hoʻohālikelike i ke ʻano, koe ke kuhiakau e hoʻāʻo ʻia. Pono nā noiʻi hou e ʻimi nei e hana hou i kēia mau hopena a ʻimi i kēia mau hui. Eia kekahi, ua loaʻa i kā mākou laʻana ka palena o ka homogeneity (ʻo ka hapa nui o nā haumāna o ke koleke keʻokeʻo ma ka hema). ʻO Wright's ₃Ke hoʻohālike nei ke kumu hoʻohālike o ka ʻōnaehana demographic e like me ka lāhui, ka papa, a me ka hana moʻowaena hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale a i ʻole ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana, hoʻākoakoa, a me / a i ʻole nā ​​palapala noi. ʻO nā noiʻi hou aku, ʻo ka ʻike helu kualua, pono e hoʻomaopopo i kēia kaʻina hana. Ua kuhi mākou, hāʻawi ʻia mākou i nā wahine heterosexual wale nō, ʻo kēlā mau pane i nā nīnau pili kino i pili i ka moe kolohe me ke kāne kāne, akā ua nīnau ʻia kā mākou mau nīnau. No laila, hiki i nā wahine i hoʻomaopopo ke ʻano heterosexual i hōʻike ʻia naʻe e pili ana i ka moe kolohe i hana ʻia me nā wahine ʻē aʻe. Pono nā haʻawina o ka wā e hana ʻana i ka ʻōlelo ʻē aʻe a i ʻole e noi i nā poʻe pane e hōʻike i nā ʻano like o nā kāne.

ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kiʻi me ka maʻi ma o ke alapine (e like me., ehia mau manawa maʻamau) a me ka ikaika (e like me., ehia mau hola i hoʻokahi hebedoma ma ka awelika) akā hoʻi ma ka hapa nui o nā helu hoʻohana (e like me., i ka malama aku nei a hala paha makahiki. Eia kekahi, loaʻa paha i kahi kikoʻī o ke kiʻi i nā kiʻi i ke kino ₃Nā kaʻina hana o AM.⁴³ Nā ʻōpū o ka ₃ʻO nā kaʻina AM me ka ikaika o nā kiʻi. Hiki i nā kiʻi ikaika hou e like me ka hōʻino a hoʻohewa paha i nā wahine e hōʻailona nei i nā ʻano nui o nā kiʻi nūhou i kēia wā e pili pū ana i nā manaʻo hōʻemi o ka pilina a me ka leʻaleʻa ma mua o ka pinepine. Pono ka noiʻi ʻana, e noi ana i nā wahine e pili ana i nā ʻano o nā kiʻi i nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni a me ke ʻano o nā kiʻi i hoʻomanaʻo ʻia i ka wā o ka moekolohe me ka hoa hana, pono e makaʻala i nā nuances o kēia pilina. ʻAʻole mākou i wehewehe wehewehe i nā ponokala no ko mākou poʻe komo; He ʻano ʻē aʻe paha kā lākou mau wehewehe pilikino. ʻO nā haʻawina o ka wā e hiki mai ana i ka wehewehe ʻana he mea nui ia.⁶⁰ Manaʻo paha nā haʻawina i ka wā e nānā i nā manaʻo kiʻi kiʻi e hoʻohana ana i nā nīnau like ʻole i ʻokoʻa nā ʻano ʻikepili, a i ʻole e nānā i kēia mau pilina i nā wahine wale nō e hōʻike ana i kekahi mau kiʻi wahine.

Ma waho aʻe o ka palena o ka demographic a me ke ana ʻana, ka nui o nā palena ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka hewa a me ke ʻano. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻaʻole i komo i kā mākou noiʻi nā hana koʻikoʻi e hiki ke kōkua i ka wehewehe ʻana i nā manaʻo kū hoʻokahi no nā ala e kime ai nā wahine ʻōpio e pili ana i nā kiʻi. He aha ka hōʻailona o nāʻokoʻa i nā kaʻina o ka hoʻoili ʻia, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, a me kahi noi e ʻōlelo ai i nā ʻano ʻokoʻa o nā kiʻi porno e hoʻohana ai i waena o nā wahine. Pehea ka pili ʻana o nā mea e like me nā hālāwai mua ʻana o ka moekolohe, ʻike i ka moekolohe a i ʻole trauma, a me nā manaʻo e pili ana i ka wahine a me ka moekolohe me kā lākou kiʻi? Eia hou, pono hou noiʻi.

Panina

ʻIke mākou he pāʻani paʻakikī a kūwaho hoʻi nā ponokala kiʻi i nā ʻike moekolohe wahine. ʻOiai pololei ka pilina o nā kāne kāne heterosexual kāne me nā mea ponokala kiʻi, e like me ka nānā wale ʻana i kēlā mea me ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi o ka moekolohe a me ka hōʻoluʻolu, pono nā wahine heterosexual e ʻapo a hilinaʻi i nā mea i mea e pili ai ka palapala i kāna ʻike pilikino. No laila, pono e mālama like nā mea mālama olakino a me nā mea aʻo i ka hana o nā ponokala kiʻi i nā ola o nā kāne a me nā wahine heterosexual, ʻoiai ma nā ʻano ʻokoʻa. ʻOiai e nīnau wale nei i nā kāne inā a pehea ka nui o lākou e nānā ai i nā ponokala kiʻi e hāʻawi ai i ka ʻike i ka hana a nā kiʻi ponokala kiʻi i ko lākou ola, no nā wahine heterosexual, nā nīnau nuances nui aʻe e pili ana i nā ala e hoʻoulu ai i ka moekolohe moekolohe i kā lākou mau manaʻo a me nā manaʻo e pono ai. maopopo i ke ʻano o nā ponokala kiʻi i kā lākou moekolohe, manaʻo, a me ka olakino pili.

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