ʻOiai akā ʻokoʻa: He Hoʻoikaika Clinical o nā kāne me ka Hypersexual Disorder i ka Sex @ Brain Study (2019)

2019 Jan 30; 8 (2). pii: E157. doi: 10.3390 / jcm8020157.
Engel J1, Veʻa M2, Sinke C3, Heitland I4, Kneer J5, Hillemacher T6,7, Hartmann U8, Kruger THC9.

Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo

Hōʻike pinepine nā pilikia e kū mai ana ma ke ʻano hypersexual i nā hoʻonohonoho maʻi. Kūlike mākou i ka hoʻonui i ka ʻike e pili ana i ke ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau o nā poʻe me ka maʻi hypersexual (HD). ʻO kahi hui o nā kānaka e hoʻokō nei i nā paʻina diagnostic i manaʻo ʻia no HD (nā kāne me HD, n = 50) i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i kahi pūʻulu olakino olakino (n = 40). Ua noiʻi mākou i nā ʻokoʻa i loko o ka sociodemographic, neurodevelopmental, a me nā ʻohana e pili ana i nā nīnau nīnau hōʻike pilikino a me nā ʻikepili lapaʻau. ʻO nā kāne me HD e hōʻike ana i nā helu kiʻekiʻe o ka hana moekolohe, paraphilias, ka ʻai ʻana i nā kiʻi hōʻino keiki, a me ke ʻano hana hoʻohālikelike i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā mana olakino. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pilikia o ka maʻi i hoʻopili ʻia, nā pilikia hoʻopili, ka impulsivity, a me nā hoʻolālā hoʻokaumaha ʻana o ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana i nā kāne me HD. ʻIke paha nā kāne me HD i nā ʻano like ʻole o ke ʻano o ka wā ʻōpiopio, akā ʻaʻohe mau ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe o ka sociodemographic, neurodevelopmental factor, a me nā ʻano ʻohana. Hōʻike i kahi loiloi kino e pili ana i ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka pili o ka masturbation a me ka hoʻomaka mua o ka masturbation ma waena o nā kāne me ka HD a me nā mana olakino. I ka hopena, ʻike ʻia nā kāne me HD me ka ne like me ka neurodevelopment, ka nui o ka naʻauao, ke ʻano kaiāulu, a me nā ʻano ʻohana i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā mana olakino, akā hōʻike lākou i nā ʻike like ʻole a pili ʻole i ka wā kamaliʻi, nā hana hoʻonaninani pilikia, a me nā pilikia noʻonoʻo.

KAHAKAU: comorbidities; ka moekolohe; hoʻokolohua; hoʻohui wahine; ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻana

PMID: 30704084
DOI: 10.3390 / jcm8020157

1. Introduction

Hōʻike ka maʻi hypersexual (HD) e ka moʻo, hoʻonaninani, hoʻomau ʻia a me ke ʻano kekahi o nā ʻano.1,2,3]. Kafka [3] kuhi ʻia e komo i ka maʻi hypersexual i ka papa ma ka Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) [4], aka, ua hoole loa ke kumu. ʻO kekahi o nā kumu i hāʻawi ʻia ʻo ka nele o ka noiʻi hoʻokolohua ma ka maʻi hypersexual [5,6]. I ka hopena e hiki mai ana o ka International Classification of Diseases, ICD-11, maʻi hypersexual e hōʻike ʻia me ka hōʻuluʻeu ʻana i ka moekolohe kāne.7].
Hōʻike ʻia nā helu alarming e kahi noiʻi noiʻi hou o nā kāne (n = 1151) a me nā wāhine (n = 1174) i ka United States i loaʻa ka 10.3% o nā kāne a me 7% o nā wahine i hōʻike i nā pae lapaʻau e pili ana i ka hōʻeha a me / a i ʻole ka hōʻino ʻia ma muli o nā pilikia i ka mālama ʻana i nā lawaiʻa wahine, nā manaʻo, a me nā ʻano.8]. Hiki i nā hoʻohālikelike o nā ʻano hypersexual ke komo pū i nā pilina pilikino maoli a me nā hana pilikino pili pūnaewele. ʻO ka hoʻohana pūnaewele ma ka moekolohe i ka hui pū ʻana me ka masturbation ka hanana maʻamau maʻamau i alakaʻi ʻia i nā kāne e hōʻike ʻia me ka maʻi hypersexual e like me nā Kafka koi [3,9].
ʻAoʻao [10] kuhikuhi ʻia ka Triad o ke komo ʻana, ka hiki, a me ka hōʻoia ʻole e hiki i nā poʻe ke komo i nā mea a lākou e makemake ai me ka nānā ʻole, ʻaʻohe o nā palena o ka hoʻokele a me ka hoʻokau. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻokoʻa nui ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona pūnaewele ma waena o nā poʻe me kekahi e hana nui ana i nā hana pilikino pūnaewele.11] ʻoiai ke hoʻohana nei nā poʻe ʻē aku i nā papa hana kiʻi e loaʻa ai i nā hoa pili no nā hālāwai kolohe.12]. ʻO nā kaomi nui e hana ai i ka hana moekolohe i ka wahine ka mea e manaʻo ai a hoʻoliʻi i ʻike ʻia e pili ana i ka moekolohe a me ke kiʻi ʻana o nā ʻano mea hoʻonaninani.13].
Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Little e pili ana i nā hiʻohiʻona like o nā kānaka me HD. Hōʻike ka ʻikepili mai kahi noiʻi me ka ʻole o kahi pūʻulu mana e pili ana i ka hapa nui o nā kumuhana me nā kāne me HD i kahi pilina pili pono, e aʻo ʻia a i ʻike ʻia [14]; akā naʻe, hōʻike nō ka nui i nā hemahema pilikino ma muli o ka haʻalele ʻana o ka ʻohana a me ka mōʻaukala, a me ke kino paha, a me ka lehulehu paha.15]. Hoʻohana ikaika16,17] a me ka pilikino hypersexual i ka laulā [18] ua pili ma nā pilikia kūpono i ka moekolohe. Hōʻike nā haʻawina e pili ana i nā comorbidities psychiatric, akāʻo ka maʻi maʻamau, e hele nui ana i ka HD me nā helu e piʻi ana mai 72% –90% i ka hihia o ka maʻi kino o ka huhū.14,19,20,21], a me 42% i ka hihia o ka hoʻohana 'ana i nā hana' [22]. Ua hui ʻia nā ʻike ma ka pilina ma waena o ka maʻi hypersexual a me ka impulsivity. ʻElua mau aʻo [23,24] o ka huli ana i ka mālama 'ana i nā hana e hoʻokō nei i nā koina i manaʻo ʻia no ka maʻi hypersexual [3] Loaʻa ma waena o 48% a me 53.3% hōʻike i ka nui o ka impulsivity i ke ana me ka hōʻike ponoʻī. Reid, Berlin, a me Kingston [25]] manaʻo i kahi kikoʻī pili i ka moekolohe i ka moekolohe, akā, ʻaʻole ka hewa nui, e nui i ka maʻi hypersexual. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka ʻano hypersexual e pili ana me ka hoʻopiʻi a me ka hopena neuropsychological a me ka hoʻololi ʻana ma ka bias attentional [26] a hoʻokele kaulike27,28].
Mai kahi hiʻohiʻona olakino, hoʻokūkū ka ʻoihana testosterone i nā hana koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka hana o ka wahine.29]. Me kahi hōʻailona o ka ʻike androgen prenatal, ʻo ka pilina o ka lōʻihi o ka helu ʻelua a me ka ʻehā (2D: 4D) hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia, a aia kekahi mau hōʻike e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ana i kahi 2D: 4D ratio e pili ana i ka hanana hypersexual [30], ʻoiai ua hōʻike ʻia nā ʻike like ʻole. Ua hōʻike kekahi mau haʻawina o ka heluna nui ma kahi haʻahaʻa 2D: 4D ratio (he ʻoi aku ka nui o ka maskculine) pili i ka nui o nā kāne moekolohe a me nā keiki hou.30,31,32], ʻoiai ua hōʻike kekahi e like me ke kiʻekiʻe 2D: 4D ratio e pili ana i ka promiscuity i loko o nā kāne [33].
ʻO ka pahuhopu o kēia noiʻi ʻana ʻo ia nō ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea lapaʻau a me kekahi mau ʻano neʻe o ka neuro- (neuro-) i nā kāne me ka maʻi hypersexual i loko o kahi ʻāpana nui o ka poʻe e hoʻokō nei i nā paʻamau diagnostic i manaʻo ʻia [3] a hoʻohālikelike iā lākou i nā mana palekana. Eia kekahi, ʻike nā kikoʻī kikoʻī pono i nā mea hiki i nā mea kūpono e pili ana i ka hanana hypersexual, e like me nā mea e koi ai, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā hanana ʻōpiopio a me nā pilikia paʻakikī.34], e like me ka wā ma mua o ke aloha o ka wahine.35]. Ke hōʻike nei mākou i nā ʻikepili i nā mea i hāʻawi ʻole ʻia ma mua o nā hoʻohālikelike hoʻohālikelike a kūkākūkā mākou i nā hopena i ke kukui o ka ʻike o kēia wā o ka hypersexuality

2. Hōʻikeʻike

2.1. Hoʻohui hou

2.1.1. Hōʻailona Kelepona Hypersexual

Na ke kāne me HD i lawe ʻia ma waena o Dekemaba 2016 a me ʻAukake 2017 ma o kahi nīhou i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka ʻĀina o Psychical Psychology and Sexual Medicine, ke Keʻena o Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry, a me Psychotherapy ma Hannover Medical School, Kelemānia. Ua lawe ʻia ka nūpepa paʻi e nā nūpepa kūloko a me nā hui pilikino (inā, Www.facebook.com, www.instagram.com) a ua hopena i nā kāne i hōʻike ʻia ʻo 539 e hōʻike ana i ka makemake o ke komo ʻana i ke aʻo ʻana (e ʻike Hōʻike 1). Ua pane aku nā kānaka ʻelua haneli a me kanaono kanaono i kahi leka uila e noi ana i kahi helu kelepona. He kanalima kumamaiwa o nā 260 kanaka nāna i hāʻawi i kahi helu kelepona ʻaʻole hiki ke hōʻea ʻia ma ke kelepona ʻana, akā ua nānā ʻia ke koena 201 no ka maʻi hypersexual i loko o ka hulahula kelepona semi-maʻamau e pili ana i kahi mau minuke 45 i lawe ʻia e ka ʻaumekema mākaukau e hoʻohana ana iā Kafka.3] nā kikoʻī i manaʻo ʻia. Ua loaʻa i nā poʻe keu ke aʻo no ka hoʻokō ʻana lākou i kā Kafka.3] Kākau i manaʻo ʻia no ka maʻi hypersexual. Na nā nīnau noi i hoʻohana ʻia ma kēia noiʻi ʻana i hoʻouna ʻia e ka leka uila i nā poʻe komo e pono ai. ʻEkolu ʻekolu o nā helu i hiki ʻole i hōʻea i nā ʻokiʻoki (53) o ka Hypersexual Behavior Inventory 19 [36] kaawale aku hoc hoc. Kafka's3] nā kumukūʻai no ka maʻi hypersexual pili i nā hōʻailona koʻikoʻi e pili ana i nā maʻi kolohe, nā moeʻuhane a i ʻole nā ​​ʻano hana, a hoʻi hou i kahi manawa 6 mau mākana i hakakā nā kānaka e mālama a ʻaʻole i kūpono i ka hopena physiological pololei o kahi mea exogenous. Hoʻokahi ʻumikūmākolu o nā poʻe 201 i nānā ʻia i kēia mau koi a ua ʻike ʻia no ke aʻo ʻana; Ua hoʻoholo ʻo 50 e komo a ua hana lākou i ka pūʻulu maʻi hypersexual (HD group, ʻike Hōʻike 1 pakuhi).
Jcm 08 00157 G001 550
Hōʻike 1. Hoʻonui hou i ka hui maʻi hypersexual.

2.1.2. Nā ʻokoʻa kūʻai

Ua kiʻi ʻia nā mana olakino ma o ka hoʻolaha ma Hannover Medical School, Germany, intranet homepage. Ua pane ʻia heʻumūwaluʻelima mau mea i nā hoʻolaha? Hōʻike 2) nā 56 i pane aku i kahi leka uila e noi ana i kahi helu kelepona. ʻAʻole hiki i ka iwakāluakumāiwa o kēia 56 i hiki ke hele ʻia ma o ke kelepona no ka nānā ʻana. Ua hui ʻia nā kaohi no ka makahiki (p = 0.587) a me ka hoʻonaʻauao (p = 0.503) me ka pūʻulu HD. Aʻo nā hōʻike mai ʻelua mau olakino olakino, ua haʻalele ʻia mai ka nānā ʻana (ua hōʻike kekahi i kahi hōʻeha o ke poʻo ma mua o ke komo ʻana i ka komo ʻana, hōʻike ʻia kekahi i kahi hana homosexual, a ʻaʻole i hōʻike ʻia kahi mea komo i ka loiloi).
Jcm 08 00157 G002 550
Hōʻike 2. ʻOhi ʻia o nā mana olakino.

2.1.3. Nā Critena Mahele

ʻO nā pae hoʻohālikelike no nā poʻe a pau: ke kīnā o ka naʻau (e like me ke ana ʻia e Wechsler Adult Intelligent Scale-IV), kahi maʻi psychotic (i loiloi ʻia me Structured Clinical Interview no nā maʻi DSM-IV Axis 1, SCID-I), ʻeha poʻo nui, homosexual orientation ma ka Kinsey scale, a me ka makemake moe kolohe pedophilic (i loiloi ʻia ma kahi ninaninau semi-structured). Ma kā mākou papahana Sex@brain ua nānā mākou i nā mea komo heterosexual ma muli o ke ʻano heterosexual o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā hoʻokolohua e hiki mai ana. Ua haʻi aku nā poʻe a pau i ko lākou makemake nui i ka wahine, ʻoiai ua hōʻike kekahi i ka moʻolelo o ka pilina pili kāne like.
Hāʻawi i nā mea a pau i kākau ʻia, ʻae ʻia a ʻae ʻia ma mua o ke komo ʻana a loaʻa ka uku kālā no ka komo ʻana. Hōʻike ʻia lākou hiki iā lākou ke haʻalele mai ke aʻo ʻana i kēlā me kēia manawa. Ua hana ʻia ke aʻo ʻana e like me ka Makano o Helsinki a ua apono ʻia e ke komisina ʻatikala o ka Hannover Medical School, Kelemānia. Loaʻa ʻia nā hopena i hōʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano o ka loiloi ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana ka loiloi neuropsychological a me ka imaging magneton resonance.

2.2. Pākuʻi

Ua hōʻuluʻulu ʻia nā ʻano like ʻole i ʻekolu mau māhele: (1) sosiodemographic, neurodevelopmental, a me nā ʻano ʻohana, (2) mau hiʻohiʻona, a (3) mau hiʻohiʻona a me ke ʻano psychiatric comorbidities. No kahi wehewehe kikoʻī i nā huahana e ʻike i nā moʻolelo 1 Pūnaewele, 2 Pūnaewele, 3 Pūnaewele a 4 Pūnaewele.
1 Pūnaewele. Sociodemographic, neurodevelopmental, a me nā kumu ʻohana.
papaʻaina
2 Pūnaewele. Nā hiʻohiʻona.
papaʻaina
3 Pūnaewele. Nā hiʻohiʻona.
papaʻaina
4 Pūnaewele. Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā comorbidities.
papaʻaina

2.2.1. Sociodemographic, Neurodevelopmental, a me Nā ʻohana Pili

Ua hoʻohana ʻia kahi nīnau noiʻi e hōʻiliʻili i ka ʻikepili sociodemographic, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka pae kiʻekiʻe hoʻonaʻauao kiʻekiʻe, ke kūlana hana, ke kaʻina hana kala ʻana, a me ke kūlana pili. Aia kekahi nīnau no ka neurodevelopmental perturbations, ka hoahānau, ke kūlana makua, ka makua hānai ma ka hānau ʻana, a me ka ʻaumua a me ka makua kāne i ka wā hānau. Ua nānā ʻia nā ʻike kamaliʻi lawehala me ke nīnau ʻana i ka nīnau aʻoaʻo ʻana o ke keiki.37]. ʻO ka hanana ʻana o ka hanana a me nā neurodevelopmental i noiʻi ʻia, ʻo ia ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka hānau hānau, hoʻomalu moe lōʻihi, hoʻomoe ʻia ka hele ʻana, hoʻopōmaikaʻi ʻia ʻana o ka haʻi ʻōlelo ʻana, a me nā ulia pōpilikia e alakaʻi ana i ka ʻike ʻole ʻole. Ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka hana lima me ka hoʻohana ʻana o kahi 10-item adaptation o ka Edinburgh Handedness Inventory [38] a me 2D: 4D ratio i manaʻo ʻia e hoʻohana ana i nā kiʻi i loaʻa mai kahi scanner portable. ʻO ka lōʻihi o nā helu ʻākau ma ke ʻano kū hoʻokahi i ʻelua mau kōkua noiʻi (hilinaʻi inter-rater: r = 0.83) a me nā helu pākuʻi ʻia ma ke ʻano o nā papa ʻelua.
Kuhi ʻia nā ʻĀpana mai nā subtests ʻehā o ka hopena o ka makahiki ʻehā o ka Wechsler Adult Intelligent Scale (WAIS-IV) [39] ka mea i hoʻokūkū nui ʻia me ka IQ kiko piha loa e like me ke ana ʻana o ka German WAIS-IV. ʻO kēia mau ʻāpana ʻehā nā huaʻōlelo (ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka ʻōlelo waha; r = 0.7), Hoʻolālā Paka (manaʻo noʻonoʻo noʻonoʻo; r = 0.65), Arithmetic (hana hoʻomanaʻo; r = 0.73), a me Coding (ka wikiwiki ka wikiwiki; r = 0.5).

2.2.2. Nā ʻano hiʻohiʻona

ʻIkuhi ʻia ka hoʻomohala pili ʻana a me ke ʻano ma ka ninaninau semi-hoʻonohonoho a me kahi nīnau nīnau. Ua hōʻiliʻili mākou i nā ʻikepili i ka makahiki ma ka ejaculation mua, masturbation i ka hebedoma ma mua o ka loiloi (lōʻihi a me ke kūpaʻa), i ka wahine ma ka hebedoma ma mua o ka loiloi, a me ke ola o nā hoa hana. Eia kekahi, loiloi mākou i ka lōʻihi a me ka pinepine o ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā kiʻi porno, ka nui o nā hihia, ka paraphilias, ka hana hoʻomāinoino i ka moekolohe, ka make ʻana o nā kiʻi hōʻino keiki, a me nā moekolohe. Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā mea kikoʻī kūikawā e ana i ka hoʻowalewale ʻia a me ka wehe ʻana i ke ʻano (Sexual Excitation Scale, SES a me Sexual Inhibition Scale, SIS) [40], nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi hypersexual (Hypersexual Behaviour Inventory-19, HBI-19) [36], nā hōʻailona o ka addiction cybersex (Pāʻani Pūnaewele Hoʻohālikelike no nā hana moʻoanamu pūnaewele — nā pōkole, sIATsex; [41] a me ka hoʻohui wahine (Hoʻohui Pale Hōʻike Hōʻike ʻIʻoiaʻiʻo, SAST-R) [42].

2.2.3. Nā hiʻohiʻona noʻonoʻo a me nā Comorbidities

Ua nānā ʻia nā comorbidities psychiatric e hoʻohana ana i ka ʻano Kelemānia o ka SCID-I [43]. Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā nīnau noiʻi hou e nānā i ka impulsivity (Barrat Impulsiveness Scale-11, BIS-11) [44], ka hana hōʻino (F Testtröm Test no ka Nicotine Dependence, FTND) [45], nā pōʻino a me nā pōʻino e hoʻopau i ka inu ʻawaʻawa (ʻo ka ʻĀina Hōʻailona e hōʻike nei i ka hōʻike, AUDIT) [46], ke kaumaha kaumaha (Beck Depression Inventory-II, BDI-II) [47], ka pilina (Loaʻa i nā Hōʻike Hoʻolaha-Hoʻonohonoho, ECR-R) [48], alexithymia (Toronto Alexithymia Scale, TAS-26) [49], a me ka hoʻolāhewa i ka hoʻoponopono (ERQ, Emotion Regulation Questionnaire [50]; Fragebogen zur Erhebung der ʻApauwaho, FEEL-E [51].
Ua nānā ʻia ka maʻi defact hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) ma ke kumu o nā helu ≥15 ma ka Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS-K) [52] a me ADHD hōʻike hoʻāhewa o ka loiloi (ADHS-SB) [53].

2.2.4. ʻO ka loiloi loiloi logistic

I mea e ʻike ai i nā hiki ke wānana no ka maʻi hypersexual lawe mākou i kahi loiloi hoʻoponopono lika loiloi a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka pūʻulu me nā ʻano hoʻohālikelike dichotomous. ʻO kā mākou pahuhopu e hoʻomaopopo i nā mea e ʻokoʻa ai ma waena o nā kāne me nā mana o ka HD a me nā kaola palekana. Ua koho ʻia ka helu o nā kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa ma nā loiloi e Agresti [54] (p. 138).

2.3. Ikepili ikepili

Ua hoʻoponopono ʻia nā ʻikepili āpau me SPSS Statistics Version 24 (IBM® Corporation, Amonk, NY, USA). Ua hana ʻia nā mea noiʻi me ka hana kūʻokoʻa tʻOihana, Mann-Whitney U hōʻike ia i nā hoʻokolohua a i ʻole nā ​​lawaiʻa a Fisher no nā loli dichotomous. Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā hoʻokele lawaiʻa no nā papa ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 2 × 2, no ka mea, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā loli like polytomous āpau ma kahi o 5. E like me kēia kekahi o nā hana nui phenomenological i pili i nā kāne ʻelua me ka maʻi hypersexual a me nā mana olakino i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā ʻokoʻa o nā hui e pili ana i nā ʻano o nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo i hōʻike ʻia ma ʻaneʻi, ua koho mākou i kahi ala e kuhihewa ana a hōʻike i nā pae kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻili. me ka ʻole o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana no nā hoʻohālikelike he nui p <0.05). Eia nō naʻe, no ka poʻe heluhelu hoihoi ua hoʻopili pū mākou iā Bonferroni i hoʻoponopono i ka nui ma 1 Pūnaewele, 2 Pūnaewele, 3 Pūnaewele a 4 Pūnaewele. ^ E Ha yM. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hiʻona no nā hoʻokolokolo parametric e like me Cohen's d, a me d = 0.2 e hōʻike ana i ka hopena liʻiliʻi, d = 0.5 mea hopena hopena, a d = 0.8 ka hopena nui [55]. Aia i nā loli ka nui o nā pūʻulu ma nā ʻano like ʻole no ka mea nīnau ʻole i nā nīnau no ka nalo i ka ʻikepili. I mea e pale ai i nā hopena o nā maʻi psychiatric ʻē aʻe ma mua o ka maʻi hypersexual, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā hui āpau ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana i nā poʻe hui me kahi mōʻaukala o kahi maʻi SCID-I; ua loaʻa kēia kaʻina hana i N o 45 (HD = 21; HC = 22). Hōʻike ʻia nā hopena o kēia mau noiʻi i ka Nā mea'ē aʻe.

3. Nā hualoaʻa

3.1. Sociodemographic, Neurodevelopmental, a me Nā ʻohana Pili

E like me ka manaʻo e pili ana i ka manaʻo, ʻaʻohe ʻokoʻa nā hui o nā ʻano kīwī pili pili i ka makahiki.t(83) = 0.55, p = 0.587) a me haʻawina kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe (ʻo ka hoʻokolohua pololei a Fisher (N = 85), p = 0.503; ri 1 Pūnaewele). Eia kekahi, kūlana hana (hoʻokolokolo hōʻoia ʻo Fisher (N = 85), p = 0.458), ka mōʻaukala lawehala olakino (ʻo ka hōʻike pololei a Fisher (N = 85), p = 0.368), a me ka pili i waena (kahi hōʻike pololei a Fisher (N = 85), p = ʻOkoʻa ʻo 0.128) ma waena o nā hui. ʻAʻole nō i ʻokoʻa nā hopena i nā helu ma nā pūʻulu WAIS-IV i hoʻohana ʻia me nā huaʻōlelo subtests (t(82) = -1.28, p = 0.204), hoʻolālā papaka (t(82) = 0.92, p = 0.359), māka (t(82) = 0.112, p = 0.911), a me ke Kuhi (t(82) = 1.66, p = 0.100), e hōʻike ana i nā pae ʻike ʻike like ʻole i waena o nā hui.
Nā mea hōʻike o ka neurodevelopmental perturbations i like me nā kāne me ka HD a me nā kaola olakino e komo pū ana i nā hanana hoʻomohala ākea i ka wā kamaliʻi (ʻo ka hoʻokolohua hōʻoia a Fisher.N = 82), p = 1) pākuʻi limaN = 85), p = 0.645) a me 2D: 4D ka lōʻihi lōʻihi o ka manamana lima (t(77) = 0.34, p = 0.738).
Hōʻike kā mākou mau ʻike i ka nui o nā kāne me nā maʻi HD a me nā olakino olakino e ulu aʻe ana i nā ʻohana me nā hanana ʻohana like ʻole e like me ka nui o nā keiki i ka hale kahi i ulu ai ka mea komo.t(78) = 0.01, p = 0.995); kūlana i ka papa hānau (w(78) = 718, z = -0.402, p = 0.687); kūlana i waena o nā keiki o ka ʻohana (w(78) = 750, z = -0.464, p = 0.642); hānau makuat(79) = 0.88, p = 0.384); a me ka makua kāne makua.t(73) = 0.09, p = 0.93). Nā kāne me HD i hōʻike pinepine ʻia i nā pilikia psychiatric māmā (ʻo ka hoʻokolohua pololei a Fisher (N = 62), p = 0.001) akā, ʻaʻole he pilikia psychiatric o ka paternal (ʻo ka hoʻokolohua pololei a Fisher (N = 68), p = 0.307) ma mua o nā kaona ʻona. Eia kekahi, kaʻokoʻa ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i nā kamaliʻi kāne kāne me nā HD me ka nui o ke olakino. Nā kāne me HD i hōʻike ʻia i nā helu kiʻekiʻe o nā ʻike kamaliʻi ʻokoʻa loa (CTQ; t(68) = 2.71, p = 0.009, d = 0.57), ma ka hōʻeha o ka naʻau.t(73) = 3.53, p <0.001, d = 0.73), ka haʻalele ʻana i ka manaʻo (t(81) = 2.46, p = 0.016, d = 0.54), a me ka moekolohe (t(45) = 2.49, p = 0.017, d = 0.49) hoʻohālikelike i nā mana olakino. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻokaumaha kino (t(80) = 1.60, p = 0.113) a me ka haʻaleleʻole i ke kino (t(83) = 1.49, p = 0.141) ʻaʻole i hiki i ke koʻikoʻi helu helu.

3.2. Nā ʻano hiʻohiʻona

He ʻokoʻa loa ka moʻolelo moʻokalaleo mai nā kāne me HD me nā kaola palekana (ʻike 2 Pūnaewele). ʻO ka mea mua, aia nā kāne me HD i nāʻike pilikino ma mua o ka pūʻulu o ka pūʻulu. ʻO nā kāne me HD i hōʻike ʻia ua hala lākou i hoʻokahi makahiki ʻoi aku ka wā i hoʻomaka ai lākou e masturbating (t(79) = 3.59, p <0.001, d = 0.80) a ma kahi makahiki he ʻōpio a lākou i wā mua ai lākou ejaculated (t(77) = 2.79, p = 0.007, d = 0.63). Akā ʻaʻole ia i like i ka makahiki o ka mare mua ʻana.t(83) = 1.868, p = 0.065). ʻO nā kāne me nā HD a me nā olakino olakino hoʻi i hōʻike i ka lōʻihi o ka pilina hope loa / i kēia mau mahina i nā mahina (t(42) = 0.14, p = 0.886), a me ka helu o nā keiki (w(75) = 728, z = -0.081, p = 0.936). Eia nō naʻe, he ʻokoʻa ka poʻe kāne me HD i kā lākou pilina pilikino mai ka mana olakino. Ma ka awelika kāne i hōʻike ʻia e pili ana i ka HD e pili ana i kanawalu mau hoa wahine ka wahine (w(79) = 470.5, p = 0.001) a me nā hoa wahine ulana wahine (w(81) = 443, p <0.000) ma mua o nā kaohi olakino. Eia kekahi, ʻoiai ko lākou kūlana heterosexual ʻoi loa, ua hōʻike nā kāne me HD i nā hana moekolohe me nā kāne me ka nui o nā kāne moekolohe.w(83) = 567.5, p <0.000) a me nā hoa pili kāne kāne (w(83) = 664, p = 0.002), akā naʻe, ʻike ʻia nā mana olakino ʻaʻole i pili i nā hana pilikino me nā kāne. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāne me HD e hōʻike i kā lākou pili ma ka wā o ko lākou pilina hope a i ʻole (ʻo kēia ka hoʻokolohua pololei a Fisher.N = 81), p <0.001), me 67% hōʻike i kahi hihia i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 19% wale nō i nā kaohi olakino. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā kāne me ka HD hōʻike i ka loaʻa o nā pilikia ma o ka hana moekolohe ma ka pūnaewele ma mua o nā kaohi olakino i hōʻike ʻia e kahi hui i ka helu sIATsex (t(80) = -11.70, p <0.001, d = 2.45). Ka mea, ua hōʻike lākou no ka ʻai pinepine ʻana i nā kiʻi kikowaena i ka hebedoma ma mua o ka loiloi (ʻĀ hoʻokolokolo maoli a Fisher (N = 84), p <0.001), ma kahi o 85% o nā kāne me HD i hōʻike ma ka liʻiliʻi he ʻekolu mau manawa o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ponokala kiʻi i kēlā me kēia pule. Eia kekahi, ua nānā nā kāne me HD ma ka awelika ma kahi o kanahiku mau minuke o nā kiʻi ponokala.t(47) = -3.61, p = 0.001, d = 0.73) ma mua o nā kaona ʻona. Hoʻololi ʻokoʻa ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ponokala ma waena o nā hui, me ka hapalua o nā kāne me HD e nānā ana i kahi hola i hoʻokahi hebedoma, ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 9% mau pūnaʻi olakino. E pili ana i ka hoʻoweliweli a me ka pale ʻana i nā kāne, ua hōʻike aku nā kāne me HD i ka hoʻopalike hou ʻana i nā kiʻi wahine (SES: t(83) = 5.01, p <0.001, d = 1.09), kahi hōʻemi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma muli o ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana o nā hopena hopena (SIS2: t(83) = -3.75, p <0.001, d = 0.82). Eia nō naʻe, hōʻike ʻo nā kāne me HD i kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe no ka hoʻoweliweli ʻike ʻia o ka hana ʻole (SIS1; t(80) = 2.30, p = 0.024, d = 0.48). ʻO ka mahalo, ua like nō ka hana like ʻole o ka moe kolohe i ke kāne me nā HD a me nā kaola e ola ai (ʻo ka hoʻokolohua pololei a Fisher (N = 85), p = 0.765), heʻokoʻa ʻole ka ʻokoʻa i ka ʻōpū erectile, hypoactiveʻino maʻi, ka hana mua a lohi i ka ejaculation.
ʻO Paraphilias e like me ka exhibitionism, voyeurism, masochism, sadism, fetishism, frotteurism a transvestism ʻoi aku ka palupalu ma nā kāne me HD (ʻĀ nō ka hōʻike ʻana a Fisher.N = 85), p <0.001) (ʻike 3 Pūnaewele). ʻO nā kāne me HD ua ʻoi aku ka hopena e hōʻike i ke ʻano hoʻohālikelike male wahine (kahi hōʻike maoli ʻo Fisher.N = 85), p <0.001) a me kahi helu kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā kiʻi o ka hoʻomāinoino keiki ma ka liʻiliʻi i hoʻokahi manawa i ko lākou ola (ka ho'āʻo pololei a Fisher (N = 82), p = 0.009); ʻaʻohe mea i pili i ke olakino olakino i hōʻike i nā kiʻi hana hōʻino keiki.

3.3. Nā hiʻohiʻona noʻonoʻo a me nā Comorbidities

ʻO ka mea nui loa, hōʻike ʻia nā kāne me HD i nā hōʻailona psychiatric pinepine pinepine e like me ke kaumaha, impulsivity a i ʻole nā ​​hōʻailona o ADHD (e nānā 4 Pūnaewele). Hoʻokaʻawale ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā maʻi o kēia manawa o ka mana o SCID-I i ʻike ʻia i kahi kiʻekiʻe o nā hōʻeha hopohopo i ka hui ʻo HD (ʻo kā hōʻike pololei ʻo Fisher.N = 85), p = 0.015). Ua kākoʻo ʻia kēia mahuahua o nā maʻi maʻi e ka psychometric loiloi o ka hōʻailona kaumaha me nā hōʻailona kiʻekiʻe loa i nā kāne me HD (BDI-II; t(79) = 5.47, p <0.001, d = 1.13). Ua like nā helu o ka SCID-I ke nānā ʻana i ka hōʻino hōʻino a me / a i ʻole ke hilinaʻi ʻana i ʻelua mau hui.N = 85), p = 1.000), e like me ka loiloi psychometric o ka inu ʻawaʻawa (AUDIT; t(82) = -0.93, p = 0.354) a me ka hōʻino kino nikotine (FTND; t(83) = 0.73, p = 0.471, d = 0.16). Eia nō naʻe, na helu o nā pilikia pilikia i kēia manawa (ʻo ka hoʻokolohua hōʻoia a Fisher (N = 85), p = 0.690), nā hana nānā nānā-compulsive (kahi hoʻokolohua pololei a Fisher.N = 85), p = 1.000), a me nā hōʻailona kūpono a me nā pilikia ʻai i ka ʻaʻai (Ka hoʻokolokolo pololei ʻana a Fisher (N = 85), p = ʻOkoʻa ʻo 1.000) ma waena o nā pūʻulu. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia, nā kāne me nā HD a me nā mana olakino e like me nā hoʻohālikelike o kā SCID-I i kēia manawa.N = 80), p = 0.104) a me ke ola ʻana o ka SCID-I ke nānā ʻana (ʻO ka hōʻike pololei ʻana a Fisher (N = 85), p = 0.190). Eia naʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāne me HD e hōʻike i nā hōʻailona o ADHD i ka manawa o ka loiloi (ADHS / SB; t(73) = 6.31, p <0.001, d = 1.37) a e hōʻike i nā hōʻailona o ke kamaliʻi o ADHD (WURS-K; t(82) = 3.76, p <0.001, d = 0.82) Eia kekahi, hōʻike aku nā kāne me HD i ka impulsivity ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā mana olakino (BIS-11; t(81) = 3.76, p <0.001, d = 0.83). Ua hili ʻia nā hopena e pili ana i ka hoʻoponopono kānāwai: ʻoi aku nā kāne me HD e hoʻohana i nā hoʻolālā hoʻokele maladaptive (FEEL-E-maladaptive strategies; FEEL-E-maladaptive strategies; t(81) = 3.54, p <0.001, d = 0.78) a me nā loiloi "reappraisal" (ERQ: Reappraisal; t(83) = -2.477, p = .015, d = 0.545) akā ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hoʻolālā kūpono (FEEL-E-adaptive strategies; t(81) = -1.26, p = 0.212) ka like me ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā “hoʻokaumaha” hoʻolālā (ERQ: ʻĀpana; t(83) = 1.852, p = 0.068). Nā kāne me HD i hōʻike hou aku i nā hōʻailona o ka alexithymia (TAS-26; t(79) = 4.11, p <0.001, d = 0.92) mau kiʻekiʻe i nā helu ʻelua, ʻo ka hopohopo pili i pili me ke kaumaha (ECR-R hopohopo: t(78) = 5.413, p <0.000, d = 1.245) a me nā pale ʻono pili mai ka pili (pale ʻana i ka ECR-R: t(82) = 4.908, p <0.000, d = 1.064).

3.4. ʻO ka loiloi loiloi logistic

ʻO nā ʻano like i hoʻokaʻawale ʻē aʻe ma waena o nā kāne me nā mana HD a me ke olakino olakino, ʻo ia ka makahiki ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka masturbation (OR = 0.55, 95% CI (0.35, 0.86)) a me ke kāʻei pale ʻāwili (OR = 1.06, 95% CI (1.01,1.11)). ʻAʻole ka mea nui loa he traumata keiki a me ke kāʻei kino. ʻO ke kumu hoʻohālikelike hoʻohālikelike kūpono i kahi kūpono (me Nagelkerke R2 = 0.55 a me Hosmer – Lemeshow hōʻike: χ2(7) = 11.76, df = 7, p = 0.11) a wehewehe no 55% ka ʻokoʻa ʻana ma waena o nā hui ʻelua. ʻO ka manaʻo helu helu helu helu 80.0% (78.1% kikoʻī, 81.4% sensitivity).

4. Kōkua

ʻO kēia noiʻi kekahi o ka mea mua e kāohi i ka ʻikekikini phenomenological mai kahi hoʻohālike nui o ka poʻe nāna i hālāwai me nā kūlana kumu i manaʻo ʻia no ka maʻi hypersexual [3] a hoʻohālikelike iā lākou me kahi hui o ka mālama olakino. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kekahi helu nui o ka sociodemographic, neurodevelopmental, a me nā ʻano ʻohana, ʻo ia hoʻi nā ʻano moeʻuhane, ʻike kino, a me nā comorbidities.
Ma o ka nānā ʻana i kahi ʻano nui o nā ʻano like ʻole i hōʻike ʻia ai kēia noiʻi ma waena o nā poʻe i hōʻike ʻia me ka maʻi hypersexual a me nā kaola maikaʻi.
Ma ka hōʻohalike, ʻike ʻia nā kāne me HD i nā pilikia i ka wā kamaliʻi ma mua o ka kaohi o ke olakino, ʻoi aku ka loaʻa o ka makuahine me nā pilikia psychiatric, ua loaʻa i nā ʻano ʻano maikaʻi ʻole i ka wā kamaliʻi a ua hōʻike i nā hōʻailona o ka wā kamaliʻi ADHD. Eia nō kekahi, pilikia i nā pilikia e pale aku ai i ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā pilina ma mua o nā kāne me HD. ʻO ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka masturbation ma ka wā ma mua o nā kāne me HD a ua ʻike lākou i nā hoʻoliʻiliʻi kiʻekiʻe a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka pale kino ʻana ma muli o ka hopohopo e pili ana i nā hopena maikaʻi loa, akā, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka moekolohe ma muli o ka hoʻoweliweli o ka hana ʻole. Eia kekahi, ʻike ʻia nā kāne me HD e nā pilikia e kū mai nei ma o nā hoʻopiʻi kumuhana ma o kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana i nā hana moekolohe online a hōʻike hou ʻia i nā ʻano moe kolohe hewa, ʻo ia hoʻi ke kiʻekiʻe o ka paraphilia, ka hana hoʻomāinoino, a me ka ʻai ʻana i nā kiʻi o ka hōʻino kino o ke keiki. ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā pilikia o ka hopena a me nā hōʻailona o kahi nui o nā comorbidities psychiatric e like me ka impulsivity, hōʻailona o ka pā ADHD o nā pākahi, alexithymia, a me nā hoʻolālā hoʻokele e pili ana i ka maladaptive i hoʻonui ʻia i ka kāne me HD.
Aia i nā hōʻailona o ka ʻokoʻa ma ka wā kamaliʻi o nā kāne me HD i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā mana olakino. I kā mākou laʻaupeka, ʻike ʻia nā hoʻokele hoʻoponopono regrunctional pēpē e like me ke haʻahaʻa hoʻihoʻi ʻia a me nā hoʻolālā maladaptive e ʻike ʻia i nā kāne me HD, a me ka hoʻonui ʻia alexithymia. Hōʻike nā kāne me HD i kahi kiʻekiʻe o nā ʻike kamaliʻi haʻahaʻa. ʻoi aku ka nui o nā helu o ka hōʻino a me ka haʻalele ʻole, a me ka hōʻino ʻia ʻana o ka moekolohe, ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e pili ana i ka pilikia hoʻoponopono pilikia.57]. Eia kekahi, nā hana hoʻolālā e pili ana i ka maladaptive i ke kāne me ka HD e hoʻonui ʻia e nā pilikia psychiatric i loaʻa e ka makuahine o ke keiki.58] ua hoʻonui ʻia ma nā kāne me HD. Kūʻē mākou ʻo ke ala hiki i ke HD ma o kekahi ʻano o nā moku a me nā ʻike i ka wā kamaliʻi a me nā wā ʻōpio nā mea e hoʻoikaika ai i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana hoʻoponopono hoʻāla no ka maikaʻi.34]. Eia kekahi, pili paha i nā hoʻolālā hoʻokele ʻana i loko o nā pilikia i hoʻopili ʻia i ʻike ʻia e mākou i nā kāne me HD, e like me nā keiki e hōʻike ana i nā hoʻolālā rula e pili pono ana i ka wā i hoʻopili ʻole ʻia ai ko lākou mau makuahine.59]. I loko o kahi hōʻike hōʻike o ka heluna kanaka Kelemania, ua pili pono ka hoʻohana 'ana i nā hana moekolohe online me nā kānaka pili i ka hopohopo.60]. Hōʻike ka loiloi regression i ka haʻalele ʻana i ka pilina pili ʻokoʻa ma waena o ke kāne me ka HD a me nā mana olakino, aia ia e pili ana me Katehakis.34] ke manaʻo nei ua maluhia paha kekahi mau maʻi HD i ka wā kamaliʻi. Hiki paha i kēia me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana kino a me nā ʻāpana o ka cortex prefrontal, ma muli o kahi hōʻino pili i pili i ka syena sentral, system central autonomic, a me hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis [34].
Hoʻokomo ʻia kā mākou mau ʻike me nā ʻike e hōʻike ana i nā hemahema o ke kāne me ka ʻike ʻana i nā mana o ka HD i ka hopena o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana a i ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole a hoʻohana i ke ʻano hypersexual e like me ka hana hoʻokūkū maladaptive [61]. Hoʻokomo paha kēia mau neurobiological deficit i ka wā kamaliʻi a hoʻomau paha i ka manaʻo a me ka naʻauao.34]. Eia naʻe, ʻike wale nō mākou i nā mea i loko o ka ʻuhane a i ʻole ʻole nā ​​ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe o ka naʻauao e like me ke ana ʻana o WAIS-IV subtests [39] i nānā 'i kēia ma kēia noiʻi a me kahi hana ma kahi hoʻololi liʻiliʻi [62].
Kuhi i ka hana hypersexual e hōʻike mua i ka ulu ʻana i ka moekolohe, ua hōʻike ʻia kā mākou hui HD e ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka masturbation i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i waena o nā kāne me nā HD a me nā mana palekana i loko o ka loiloi loiloi logistic. Eia nō kekahi, ua pili ka pili hypersexual i ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka makemake o ka wahine.35], a ma ka hoʻomaka mua ʻana o ka moe kolohe ua pili i ke ʻano o ka ʻimi ʻana i ke ʻano, ʻeha ʻana, a me nā hopohopo [63]. ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hele ʻana a me ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kiʻi i nā kāne me HD. Eia nō naʻe, he mea nui ia e hoʻomaopopo ʻaʻole i ka nui o ka nui o ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā kiʻi huki i ka pilikia akā ʻo ka pilina ma waena o ka lōʻihi a me ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kiʻi a me ka huli ʻana i ka nānā ʻana, akā ʻaʻole i palena, akā i hoʻolōʻihi ʻia e ka paʻakikī o nā ʻike maikaʻi ʻole i ʻike ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana. porno [64]. Ke hoʻolako nei i ka salience theory of addiction [65,66], ua hoʻopili ʻia ma HD [26,62], e kuhikuhi ana i ka mea i hoʻohui ʻia "makemake" i ka hoʻowalewale i ka ʻili mai ka "makemake" i ka hoʻoulu. E hiki i kēia ke wehewehe i ke kumu e hoʻomau nei nā kāne me HD me ke ʻano pilikia ma muli o ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo nā kāne me HD i kā mākou hoʻohālike e hōʻike ana i nā pilikia hou ma muli o ka nui o kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana i nā kiʻi porno.
Ua hōʻike nui ʻia ka hana nui o ka hana hoʻoweliweli a me ka pale ʻana i ke ʻano hypersexual i loko o nā hoʻokolokolo nui [35,67]. Hōʻike ka hui o ka HD i kā mākou kiʻi i ka hoʻowalewale kiʻekiʻe i ka moekolohe a me ka pale ʻana i ka moekolohe ʻia ma muli o ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana o ka hopena i hana ʻia, a no laila e kiʻekiʻe ai ka moekolohe. Kūleʻa mākou ʻo kēia ʻano kikoʻī o ka moe kolohe kahi mea i ʻike ʻia, i hui pū ai me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka moe kolohe ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻokele ʻana i loko o ke ʻano hoʻokele, a hoʻonui i ka hopena o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi hypersexual. ʻO kahi hōʻike i kahi palapala pūnaewele nui i hoʻohana i ka huina o ka nui o nā moena.68]. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ma kā mākou hōʻike, ʻaʻohe hōʻike ola olakino i hōʻike ʻia ua hoʻopau ke kiʻi i nā keiki i ke kūkaʻi ʻana ma 80% o nā kāne me HD. Ua hoʻonui ʻia nā kumukūʻai o ka hana hoʻomāinoino i nā kāne me HD, e hōʻike ana i nā kumukūʻai nui o ka ʻai ʻia ʻana o nā kiʻi hōʻino keiki i nā kāne me HD. Kahi a kēia mau hualoaʻa i hui pū ʻia me meta-analike i ʻike ʻia ʻo ka hypersexuality he mau kuleana kūpono i kākoʻo ʻia i loko o ka hoʻopaʻa wahine.69], ke paipai nei mākou i nā kauka no ka loiloi i ka mōʻaukala lawehala a me kahi ʻano lawena hoʻālaʻi i ka poʻe maʻi me HD.
Eia kekahi, ʻike mākou i nā piʻi ʻana o ka makemake o ka paraphilic i nā kāne me HD. I kēia manawa, aia nā ʻike he like ʻole e pili ana i ka hui ʻana o nā makemake paraphilic a me HD. Ke hōʻike nei kekahi mau noiʻi i nā piʻi nui o nā pono paraphilic [14], aia nō i kahi hoʻokolokolo hoʻokolokolo no nā ʻōlelo hōʻike maʻa o HD.9] ʻaʻole i loaʻa kahi pili. ʻO ka ho'ākāka paha no nā kumukūʻai divergent e wehe ka ʻike e pili ana i nā hoihoi paraphilic, no ka mea ma Kelemānia ʻike a me ka ʻikepili i hōʻiliʻili ʻia i ka hele ʻana o ka noiʻi a me ka mālama ʻana i nā kūlana e mālama ai i ka pilikino, ʻoiai ke kau pū nei lākou i nā lono e pili ana i ka makemake pākēlē, ka make ʻana o nā keiki porn, a me ka moe kino. hana. Manaʻo ʻo Paraphilic me ia iho (inā ʻaʻole kekahi e hana ʻino ʻia) ʻaʻole ia e koi a hōʻoia i ka hoʻopiʻi ma nā alaloa.4]; Eia naʻe, pili pinepine ka makemake paraphilic i nā pilikia pilikia70]. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo ka ukana noʻonoʻo e hōʻike ʻia e HD nā mea nui loa i ʻike ʻia mai kēia noiʻi. Hoʻonui ka ʻikepili a kā mākou hōʻike i nā hōʻailona o kekahi comorbidities psychiatric ma HD. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā maʻi o ka maʻi o nā manawa a me ke ola ʻana o ka pilikia i hoʻopilikia ʻia i loko o ka hui HD. I kā mākou papa noiʻi ʻana, ʻo ka pihi no nā hōʻailona o ke kaumaha e like me ka helu ʻana iā BDI-II he ʻaneʻane a ʻekolu mau manawa ke kiʻekiʻe i nā kāne me HD e like me ka mālama kino. Ma ka laina me kā mākou ʻike, Weiss [71] ua loaʻa i ka pinepine o ke kaumaha ma ka aneane 2.5 mau manawa i ʻoi aku i nā kāne me HD ma mua o ka nui o ka lehulehu. Kahi i nā hopena o ke ʻano o nā haʻawina e noiʻi ana i nā maʻi pānaʻi comorbid i ka maʻi hypersexual e hōʻike ana i ka nui ma waena o 28% a me 42% [20,70,71]. Eia kekahi, manaʻo mākou i ka impulsivity, kūikawā kikoʻī pili i ka moekolohe pili wahine.25] he ʻano ʻano o ka maʻi hypersexual, ma muli o kā mākou nānā ʻana i ka nui o ka impulsivity i nā kāne me HD a me nā haʻawina o hope e hoʻāʻo e noiʻi i kēia. Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia ka hana hoʻomālamalama me ka hoʻohui i ka impulsivity. I kā mākou hōʻike ʻokoʻa ua loaʻa mākou i ka impulsivity me ka nui o ka hopena nui wale nō, akā ʻaʻole i ʻokoʻa nā kumukūʻai o nā hōʻino kino ma waena o nā hui. Aia nā haʻawina kula a me nā empirical e hōʻike ana i ka hana hōʻino i ke ʻano o ka hana i ka hana hypersexual [22,72,73], akā kūlike ke kiʻi ma mua, no ka mea ua hoʻohana nā haʻawina like ʻole i nā ana ʻāpana like ʻole a me nā ʻāpana nui. Eia kekahi, e noiʻi nā haʻawina i kēia wā e pili ana i nā ʻano mea hiki i nā kāne ke nānā aku i ka kāne me HD, ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e pili pū me ia i kahi ʻano kī nui like ʻole.74].
Ma muli o nā kuhi theoretical a me ko mākou mau hopena, ua hana mākou i kahi hana hana no ka etiology o ka ʻano hypersexual (Hōʻike 3).). ʻOiai ʻaʻohe mea hōʻike o ka etiology o monocausal o ka maʻi hypersexual, ke kuhikuhi nei ka kumu hoʻohālike i nā meina he nui e hoʻonui i ka hiki ke ulu ʻana i ka maʻi hypersexual. He mea pono paha kēia kumu hana no ka hana hou i nā nīnau noiʻi hou a me nā hoʻoponopono o nā papahana lapaʻau.
Jcm 08 00157 G003 550
Hōʻike 3. Ke hana hoʻohālike o ka maʻi hypersexual. Manaʻo mākou i kahi hui i lalo o nā ʻano a me nā mea kūlohelohe e hoʻonui i ka loli o ka ulu ʻana i ka maʻi hypersexual. ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o nā mea e pili ana i ka biopsychosocial ka hoʻohālike, ka hoʻohālikelike, nā ʻano genetic a me ka epigenetic a me nā hanana ʻōpiopio e hoʻohālikelike i nā ʻano o kēlā me kēia e hoʻonui ai i nā maʻi psychiatric comorbid. Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka wahine kūpono aʻe i nā ʻano genetic a hiki i ka hopena a hoʻopilikia i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā ʻike pilikino. Nā hiʻohiʻona Dysfunctional o ke kanaka, ka hōʻeha o ka comorbid, a me nā mea hoʻonaninani kiʻekiʻe e alakaʻi i ke kūkulu ʻana i ka maʻi hypersexual. ʻO nā mea i hōʻailona ʻia me kahi asterisk i loaʻa i kahi posteriori mai ko mākou mau hopena.
Nui nā manaʻo o kā mākou data i ka mālama ʻana. Manaʻo mākou e loiloi nā kauka i ka hōʻeha kino a me ka haʻalele ʻole, a me ka hōʻino maikaʻiʻole i nā kāne me HD. Eia kekahi, hōʻike kā mākou data i nā hōʻailona o ka comorbid makua ADHD i hoʻonui ʻia i loko o nā kāne me HD a ua manaʻo ʻia ua pōmaikaʻi paha kēia mau maʻi i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka hanana hana kūpono i hui pū ʻia [75]. E like me ka hōʻemi ʻana o ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā hana hoʻokele e pili ana i ka pehu o ke kuhi o ka dfunctional ʻike ʻia i loko o kā mākou hoʻohālike, a pono hoʻi e noʻonoʻo pono kahi ʻano cognitive-behavioral e pili ana i ka maʻi dysphoric mood a me ka impulsivity i nā kāne me HD [76]. Pono kahi hoʻolālā hoʻokō ʻia ʻole e hoʻokūkū i ka paraphilia, ʻoi aʻe ka mea maʻamau i nā kāne me HD. ʻIke mākou i nā piʻi nui o ka lawena lawaiʻa a me ke hoʻopau ʻana i nā kiʻi hōʻino keiki i nā kāne me HD, a inā ʻaʻole i kaupalena ʻia nā palena o ka hūnā ʻana, manaʻo ʻia mākou ua ʻōlelo ikaika ʻia nā loiloi e nā kauka.

5. Pau loa

He mea nui ia e hoʻomaopopo e pili ana i kēia kikoʻī i nā poʻe i hāʻawi manawaleʻa e komo i loko o kahi hoʻopaʻa haʻawina a ʻae ʻia e hōʻike i nā kikoʻī pili o nā hanana ola, nā ʻike pilikino, a me nā ʻano kūpono. Pēlā, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona o kēia kiʻi i ka poʻe o ka poʻe me ke maʻi hypersexual e hōʻole ʻole e kaʻana i nā ʻike pilikino.
He paʻakikī nā wehewehe no ka etiology o HD, no ka mea, me ka manaʻo ʻole o 2D: 4D ratio - ua hilinaʻi mākou i ka hōʻike a me ka noiʻi ma nā noiʻi i kahi haʻawina cross-sectional a ma muli o nā pane i hopena i ka hopena o ka makemake social.
He mea paʻakikī ke hoʻololi i nā hopena o kēia noiʻina i nā moʻomeheu ʻē aʻe. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole i koho ʻia kēia kuli i loko o ke Komohana o ʻEulopa i ka ʻōlelo o ka, no ka laʻana, ka makahiki a me ka pae hoʻonaʻauao.

6. Nā hopena

Loaʻa i nā kāne me HD nā like like me ka neurodevelopment, ka nui o ka naʻauao, nā ʻōnaehana sociodemographic, a me nā mea pili i ka ʻohana i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā mana olakino. Eia nō naʻe, hōʻike nā kāne me HD i nā ʻokoʻa i nā wahi nui o ke ola, e like me nā ʻike maikaʻi loa i ka wā kamaliʻi, nā hana hoʻonaninani pilikia, a me nā pilikia paʻakikī.

Nā mea'ē aʻe

Aia ka mea ma ʻaneʻi ma ka pūnaewele https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/8/2/157/s1, Nā Mea Hana Mea Pono.

Nā mea kōkua i kākau

Konseption, JE, TH, UH, THCK, JK; ke ʻano, ka ʻana ʻo JE, MV, CS, IH, THCK, ka loiloi maoli ʻana, JE, MV, kākau - ʻatikala hana mua, ʻoi, palapala kākau - loiloi a hoʻoponopono, JE, IH, CS, MV, THCK, UH, nānā, THCK, UH , CS, TH, loaʻa ka loaʻa kālā, THCK, UH, TH, JK

hoʻolako 'ia o

Kākoʻo ʻia ʻia ke aʻo ʻana e kekahi haʻawina noiʻi mai ka European Society for Sexual Medicine.

mau hoomaikai ana

Ua mahalo aku nā mea kākau iā Marie-Jean Carstensen, ʻo Anna Spielvogel a me Julia Liebnau no kā lākou kōkua ʻana i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kēia kākau.

Nā Kū'ē o ka Hulehua

ʻO ka noiʻi ʻikepili ka mea kumu maoli a ʻaʻole i paʻi ʻia ma kahi ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole i haʻi aku nā mea kākau i nā makemake kālā hoʻokūkū.

E hoʻomaopopo '

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