ʻO ka hōʻino moekolohe ma Turkey: kahi ana nui me kahi laʻana kaiāulu (2021)

ʻO nā loiloi mua loa e pili ana i ka moekolohe wahine ka mea i hilinaʻi nui ʻia i kahi pae liʻiliʻi o nā mea weliweli ma waena o nā mea liʻiliʻi a heterogeneous. ʻO ke kumu o ka noi ʻana i kēia manawa e nānā i nā māka psychological e pili ana i ka moekolohe ma ke ʻano he kaiāulu nui o nā mākua Tureke. He 24,380 ka nui o nā poʻe i hoʻopau i kahi ana e pili ana i ka nīnau nīnau no ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana i ka wahine, ka Inventory Gejala Pōkole, ka papa kuhikuhi maikaʻi a me nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole, ka Pepa ʻIke Pilikino Pilikino Pilikino, ka ʻĀina ʻo Alexithymia o Toronto, a me nā ʻike i nā pili pili loa i hoʻoponopono ʻia (50 % nā kāne; ke ʻano o ka makahiki = 31.79 mau makahiki; ka nui o ka makahiki = 18 a 81 makahiki). Ke hoʻohana nei i ka anamanaʻo regresion hierarchical, pili i ka moekolohe me ke keikikāne, ʻōpio, loaʻa kahi pae aʻo haʻahaʻa, noho hoʻokahi, he mea inu ʻona a me nikotine, pilikia psychiatric, maikaʻi maikaʻi pilikino, maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole ka hopena, alexithymia, a me ka hoʻopili hopohopo. Hōʻike kēia noiʻi i nā kumu kaiapili a me nā helu kanaka a me nā mea i manaʻo ʻia e hōʻino i nā hana pilikino i loko o ke kaiāulu Tureke. Eia nō naʻe, pono hou ʻia kahi mau aʻo ʻana e ʻike pono ai i nā mea e pili ana i ka hoʻāo wahine ma Turkey.

Ka Honua Health World (2018) komo pū kekahi maʻi moe kolohe compulsive ma ke ʻano he maʻi impulse-control in the ʻumikūmākahi hoʻoponopono o ka International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), a wehewehe ʻia ia "Kahi ʻano hoʻomau o ka ʻole e kaohi i ka impulses moekolohe ikaika, a i ʻole nā ​​koi e hopena i ka moekolohe." ʻO ka manaʻo o kēia ʻano pilikia i loaʻa i ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa nui ma waena o ka poʻe ʻepekema a ua alakaʻi ʻia i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā huaʻōlelo ʻokoʻa e wehewehe i ka hiki ʻole o nā kānaka ke kāohi i kā lākou moekolohe e like me (i waena o nā poʻe) ka hilinaʻi moekolohe, ka maʻi moekolohe, ka moekolohe kāne, a me ka moekolohe moekolohe. Kafka, 2013; Karila et al., 2014). Ua wehewehe ʻia kahi noiʻi hou e pili ana i ka moekolohe kāne ma ke ʻano he "Pili pū me nā hana moekolohe (e laʻa, nā moemoeā, ka pīpī ʻana, ka moekolohe ʻana, nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni) ma waena o nā pāpāho like ʻole" (Andreassen et al., 2018; p.2). Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hoʻokamakama moe kolohe ʻole, ka pīhoihoi me ka moekolohe, a me ka hoʻomau ʻana i ka moekolohe ma muli o nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole o ke ola i waena o nā ʻōuli ʻē aʻe i hōʻike ʻia no ka hoʻāhewa wahine (Andreassen et al., 2018). ʻOiai ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa mau i ka lepili ʻana i ka moekolohe pilikia ma ke ʻano he ʻano obsessive-compulsive maʻi, ka maʻi hoʻomalu impulse, a i ʻole kahi mea hōʻalo (Karila et al., 2014), nā noiʻi hou e hōʻike nei he hiki i ka moekolohe ke lilo i ʻano lawehala a he ʻano ʻē aʻe nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole o ka moe kolohe me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka psychological a me ka pilikia pili (Griffiths, 2012; Reid et al., 2010; Spenhoff et al., 2013).

I nā makahiki he iwakālua i hala aku nei, ua hoʻonui loa ʻia ka noiʻi ʻana i ka moekolohe wahine. Eia nō naʻe, ua hilinaʻi nā noiʻi e noiʻi ana i ka laha, nā kumu pilikia, a me nā hopena o ka hoʻowalewale wahine. 2010), Ka Moʻolelo ʻAna Moʻolelo Compulsive (Coleman et al., 2001), Inventory-Revent Inventory-Revised (Delmonico et al., 1998), a me ka Scale Assessment Symptom Sexual (Raymond et al., 2007). Eia nō naʻe, he nui nā hana i hoʻomohala ʻia i nā palena nui e like me nā laʻana kikoʻī a me nā liʻiliʻi i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā noiʻi, ke nānā ʻana i nā ʻano moekolohe kikoʻī ma kahi o ka moekolohe wahine, ka nui o nā mea i ka pālākiō, a me nā mea kūpono ʻole e pili ana i ka manaʻo o ka moekolohe. mea hōʻalo (Andreassen et al., 2018; ʻO Hook et al., 2010). Ua hoʻomohala a hoʻopaʻa ʻia kahi noiʻi ʻeono Bergen-Yale Sex Addiction Scale (BYSAS) me 23,533 Norewai makua e pili ana i nā mea (ie salience, withdrawal, mood modification, conflict, tolerance, relaps) i hōʻike ʻia i loko o ke kumu hoʻohālikelike biopsychosocial (Andreassen et al., 2018; ʻO Griffiths, 2012).

I kēia mau lā, Bőthe et al. (2020) hoʻomohala i ka Compulsive Sexual Behaviour Disorder Scale (CSBD-19) e pili ana i ke ana o ka ICD-11 e hōʻike ana i nā poʻe 9325 mai ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, Hungary, a me Kelemania. ʻO ke kumu hoʻohālikelike ʻelima o ka CSBD-19 (ʻo ia hoʻi ka kaohi, ka ʻike hou ʻana, ka hoʻi hou ʻana, ka ʻoluʻolu ʻole, nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole) hōʻike i nā hui maikaʻi me ka lawehala moekolohe, ka ʻai ʻana i nā ponokala kiʻi pilikia, ka helu o nā hoa kolohe, ka helu o nā hoa moekolohe maʻamau, ka pinepine o ka makahiki i hala. ka moekolohe me ka hoa, ka pinepine o ka moekolohe me nā hoa maʻamau, ka pinepine o ka masturbation, a me ka pinepine o nā kiʻi ponokala i ka makahiki i hala (Bőthe et al., 2020).

Ua hoʻāʻo kekahi i nā waiwai psychometric o ka Hypersexual Behaviour Inventory (HBI) me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi laʻana nonclinical nunui e komo ana i 18,034 mau kānaka mai Hungary (Bőthe, Kovács, et al., 2019a). ʻO ke kumu hoʻohālikelike ʻekolu o ka HBI (ie coping, control, hopena) he mau pilina maikaʻi me ka helu o nā hoa kolohe, ka nui o nā moekolohe maʻamau, ka pinepine o ka moekolohe ʻana me ka hoa, ka pinepine o ka moekolohe ʻana me nā hoa maʻamau, ka pinepine o ka masturbation , ka pinepine o ka nānā ʻana i nā ponokala kiʻi i kēlā me kēia hanana, a me ke alapine o ka nānā ʻana i nā ponokala.

Kuhi ʻia nā puke paio e pili ana i nā mea i hoʻoholo ʻia e pili ana i ka nohona kāne. I loko o kahi noi hou, ua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke ʻano o nā kāne me ka nui o nā moemoeā moekolohe, ka pinepine ʻana o ka masturbation, ka maʻalahi o ka huhū wahine, a me ka moekolohe maʻamau ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā wahine, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka nui o ka noiʻi e nānā i nā wahine e hoʻokumu i ka hana o ka wahine i ka ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka moe kolohe (Bőthe et al., 2018, 2020). Eia nō naʻe, hōʻike nā hōʻike e kū nei i kahi noho kāne kāne i ka moekolohe kolohe (Kafka, 2010), ʻoiai ua hōʻike ʻia kekahi mau noiʻi e hiki nō i nā wahine ke maʻalahi i ke komo ʻana i nā ʻano moe kolohe a hiki i kēia ke alakaʻi i nā manaʻo kiʻekiʻe o ka hilahila (Dhuffar & Griffiths, 2014, 2015). Ma nā ʻōlelo o ka makahiki, hōʻike nā noiʻi i ka wā ʻōpio a me ka wā ʻōpio ka wā riskiest no ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka moe kolohe (Kafka, 2010). I ke aʻo nui ʻana o Norewai ma luna o 23,500 mau mea i komo, me ke kēkelē laeoʻo e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka nui o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hoʻoweliweli wahine i ka wahine ma ke ʻano he degere PhD i hoʻonui i ka makaʻu o ka moe kolohe (Andreassen et al., 2018). No laila, ʻo ke kāne, ka makahiki haʻahaʻa, ka noho male ʻana, ka pae aʻo kiʻekiʻe, ka hoʻohana ʻona ʻana, a me ka paka ʻana i pili i ka moekolohe a me ka wahine. (Andreassen et al., 2018; Campbell & Stein, 2015; Kafka, 2010; Sussman et al., 2011).

Ma waho aʻe o nā kumu socio-demographic, ua ʻike ʻia nā noiʻi ma mua i kekahi mau pilina psychological o ka hoʻāʻo wahine. Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi me 418 kāne kāne addicts wahine ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kaumaha ma waena o nā mea ʻaʻa wahine ʻAmelika ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka heluna lehulehu (Weiss, 2004). ʻO nā kānaka me ka hoʻāhewa kolohe i hoʻokiʻekiʻe i ka kaumaha psychiatric a me ka hōʻino ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka pilikia i ka kaohi ʻana i nā manaʻo moekolohe, nā ʻumeʻume, a me nā hana (Dickenson et al., 2018). ʻIke ʻia ʻo ka poʻe me ka hoʻonui i ke koʻikoʻi a me nā pae hopohopo e hoʻāʻo e kū i ko lākou manaʻo noʻonoʻo maikaʻi ʻole e ke komo ʻana i nā ʻano moekolohe kolohe (Brewer & Tidy, 2019). Ma waena o nā mākua e kū mai ana he 337, pili ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa wahine me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole a me ka hoʻomaha ʻana i nā pilikia ʻeha (Cashwell et al., 2017). Ua hōʻike empirically ʻia i pili nā ʻano maikaʻi ʻole i pili i ka moekolohe ma waena o nā mākua e kū mai ana (Dhuffar et al., 2015). Eia kekahi, pili pili ka paʻakikī e ʻike i nā manaʻo i ka hoʻokiekiko kiʻekiʻe o ka moekolohe ma hope o ka kaohi ʻana no ke kaumaha a me ka nāwaliwali i ke koʻikoʻi (Reid et al., 2008), e hōʻike ana i ka makaʻu o ka moekolohe i nā poʻe alexithymic. Eia kekahi, ua ʻike ʻia ka loaʻa ʻana o ke ʻano palekana o nā poʻe i moe kolohe i ka moe kolohe (ie, hopohopo, ʻalo) (Zapf et al., 2008). Eia nō naʻe, no ka mea he impulsive a he compulsive ke ʻano o nā moe kolohe a me ke ʻano kūlohelohe, hiki i nā pilikia psychological ke hoʻopili me ka moe kolohe (Bőthe, Tóth-Király, et al., 2019b). Eia kekahi, ʻo ka poʻe e hoʻāʻo a hoʻopau paha i ka pepehi kanaka ʻike ʻia lākou e nā maʻi o ka naʻau, nā hanana ola kaumaha, nā pilikia interpersonal, ke kōkua pilikino maikaʻi ʻole, nā ola mehameha, alexithymia, a me nā manaʻo hopohopo ʻole ma muli o ke ʻano temperally a i ʻole nā ​​ʻano hoʻohui maladaptive (Pompili et al., 2014). ʻO ka mea nui, ua hōʻike ʻia nā ʻano hana ʻokoʻa sensory kū hoʻokahi o nā mea kaumaha i mea nui i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole (Serafini et al., 2017). No laila, ke nānā nei i kēia mau hana i hoʻopili ʻia i hōʻike pinepine ʻia e wānana i ka moekolohe ma ka noiʻi ma mua i manaʻo ʻia he mea maikaʻi no ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka hoʻāhewa wahine i waena o nā poʻe Turkish.

ʻOiai nā puke e waiho nei, ʻike liʻiliʻi ʻia e pili ana i ka moekolohe ma Turkey. No laila, ua hoʻohana ka noiʻi o kēia manawa i kahi laʻana Tureke nui e nānā i nā mea hoʻoholo psychological kikoʻī o ka moekolohe wahine i ʻike pinepine ʻia e like me nā mea weliweli no nā hana moekolohe a me nā ʻano lawena ʻē aʻe i loko o nā palapala e like me nā hōʻailona psychiatric, ke olakino pilikino, nā mokuʻāina pili, alexithymia, a me ka hoʻopili. I kēia pōʻaiapili, ʻo ka mea mua, ua nānā ʻia ka pilina ma waena o nā lāhui kanaka e like me ke kāne, ka makahiki, ka pae aʻo, ke kūlana male, ka puhipaka, ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wai ʻona a me ka hoʻāʻo wahine. Hoʻohui ʻia i kēia mau mea, ua hoʻoholo ʻia e hoʻoholo i ka mana wānana o nā hōʻailona psychiatric, ke olakino pilikino, nā mokuʻāina affact, alexithymia, a me nā mea hoʻopili i hoʻopili ʻia ma ka wahine. ʻO kekahi mau noiʻi wale nō i kamaʻilio i kēia mau pilikia, a ʻeha nā haʻawina e kū nei ma nā palena he nui e like me nā mea liʻiliʻi i wae ʻia e ia iho, a me ka poʻe i koho ʻole a me nā heterogenous. ʻO kēia mau palena e hōʻemi i ka hilinaʻi a me ka definitiveness o nā hopena o nā noi mua.

Ua hōʻoia a hoʻohana ʻia ka noiʻi i kēia manawa i kahi pālākiō i hoʻomohala hou ʻia, ʻo ka nīnau nīnau pilikia i ka wahine. Ua hoʻomohala ʻia ka SARQ ma muli o ke aʻo ʻana o kēia manawa kahi noiʻi epidemiological nui e nānā ana i ka laulā o nā ʻano addict kahi e like ai nā mea akā ua noi ʻia nā mea e pane iā lākou e pili ana i nā ʻano kikoʻī (e laʻa, ka meaʻai, nā pāʻani, a pēlā aku. ). Hōʻike wale ka noiʻi i kēia manawa i nā mea i loaʻa e pili ana i ka moekolohe kāne. Ua kuhi ʻia ʻo ke kāne, ka ʻōpio, ka pae kula kiʻekiʻe, ka puhipaka, ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wai ʻona, ka pilikia psychiatric, ke olakino pilikino maikaʻi ʻole, nā mokuʻāina affact, alexithymia, a me nā kaila hoʻopili pilikino ʻole e hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia me ka wahine kolohe.

Nā mea komo a me ka Hoʻomākaukau

ʻO ka pahuhopu kumu o ka laʻana kahi hoʻāʻo e hōʻike i ka heluna makua ma Turkey. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, ua hōʻoia ʻia ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke kaha kiʻi kikoʻī a ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea komo mai kahi strata kikoʻī i ke kaiāulu Tureke i ka papa hoʻopaʻa haʻawina. ʻO NUTS (nomenclature o nā ʻāpana teritori no ka helu helu) ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana, kahi ʻōnaehana i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻokaʻawale i ka ʻāpana waiwai o ka European Union, i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻolālā i ka laʻana. Me kēia ʻōnaehana hoʻokaʻina, hoʻonui ʻia ka representativeness heluna kanaka makua. Hoʻolālā ke ʻano laʻana e nānā i kahi helu kikoʻī o nā mea komo mai kēlā me kēia strata kikoʻī i loko o nā wahi teritori kikoʻī e uhi ana iā Turkey holoʻokoʻa. Aia i ka heluna kanaka o nā kūlanakauhale, ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia ka ʻikepili ma waena o 200 a me 2000 mai kēlā me kēia panalāʻau i hiki i ka laʻana ke lilo i lunamakaʻāinana i hiki. He 125 mau haumāna puka puka psychology i lawelawe i nā pepa ninaninau pepa a me ka penikala i kēlā me kēia kanaka mai 79 mau kūlanakauhale like ʻole ma 26 mau ʻāina o Turkey i ka makahiki 2018. ie, nā nīnau e pili ana i ka moekolohe). ʻO ka poʻe i hala nā makahiki 18, a ʻaʻohe o lākou maʻi maʻi e pale ai iā lākou mai ka hoʻopiha ʻana i nā nīnau i hōʻiliʻili ʻia no ke aʻo ʻana. He 24,494 ka nui o nā mākua Turkish i hoʻopiha i nā nīnau. I ka nānā ʻia ʻana o ka ʻikepili, ua ʻike ʻia ʻaʻole i hoʻopiha kekahi o nā mea komo i nā nīnau āpau, a ʻaʻole pane kekahi o nā poʻe i kekahi mau unahi. ʻO kēia mau mea, ua komo ka poʻe i nalo i ka ʻikepili a i ʻole i pane ʻole i nā pālākiō he nui a ʻikepili i nalo. ʻIke ʻia nā ʻike nalo ʻole i mea hoʻoweliweli i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka hilinaʻi, ka pono, a me ka laulā o nā hopena hoʻopaʻa. Ua kāpae ʻia kēia mau ʻike nalowale mai nā kālailai i mea e pale aku ai i ka lī. Eia naʻe, hāʻawi ʻia i ka laʻana nui loa, ʻaʻole i hoʻemi kēia i ka mana helu o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, a i ʻole ka representativeness o ka hāpana. ʻO ka mea hope loa he 24,380 mau mea komo (12,249 kāne a me 12,131 wahine; M_makahiki = 31.79 makahiki, SD_makahiki = 10.86; laulā = 18 a 81 makahiki). Ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā ʻikepili i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o kēia noiʻi ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o kahi noiʻi epidemiological ʻoi aku ka nui e nānā ana i nā ʻano mea hōʻalo he nui, a ua paʻi ʻia kekahi o nā wahi ʻē aʻe (ie, Kircaburun et al., 2020; Ünübol et al., 2020).

Pākuhi

Nā ʻōnaehana Demographic

ʻO ke ʻano o ka Sociodemographic information form e pili ana i ke kāne, ka makahiki, ke kūlana aʻo, ke kūlana male, ka paka, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka waiʻona.

Nīnau Nīnau Pilikino Pilikino (SARQ)

Loiloi ʻia ka hoʻāo wahine me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka SARQ unidimensional (ʻike Pākuʻi). ʻO ka pālākiō he ʻeono mau mea i loiloi i ʻeono pae hoʻohālikelike i kuhikuhi ʻia e pili ana i ke ʻano hoʻohālikelike o nā mea hōʻalo '(Griffiths, 2012). Heluhelu ka poʻe komo i nā mea SARQ me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi pālākiō 11 kiko mai ka 0 (loa) i ka 10 (mau). ʻO kā Cronbach's a i loko o ke aʻo ʻana he maikaʻi loa (.93).

Inventory hōʻailona pōkole (BSI)

Ua loiloi ʻia ka pilikia psychiatric āpau e hoʻohana ana i ka palapala Tureke (Sahin & Durak, 1994) o nā mea 53 BSI (Derogatis & Spencer, 1993). ʻO ka pālākiō he ʻelima mau ana liʻiliʻi i piha me ka manaʻo pilikino ʻole, kaumaha, hopohopo, hoʻokalakupua, a me ka inaina. Loiloi ka poʻe komo i nā mea BSI me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi pālākiō ʻelima mai ka 1 (aneane loa) i ka 5 (aneane mau). Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka pālākiō e loiloi i ke kaumaha psychiatric āpau ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pālākiō ma ke ʻano he kūkulu hoʻokahi, ua maikaʻi loa ka Cronbach's α i ke aʻo ʻana o kēia manawa (.95).

Palapala Pilikino Pilikino Pilikino Pilikino (PWBI-AF)

Ua loiloi ʻia ke ola laulā o nā mea komo me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka palapala Turkish (Meral, 2014) o nā mea ʻewalu PWBI-AF (International Wellbeing Group, 2013). Ua helu nā mea komo i nā mea PWBI-AF me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi pālākiō 11 kiko mai ka 0 (ʻAʻohe hōʻoluʻolu iki) i ka 10 (Ua māʻona piha). ʻO ka Cronbach's a i loko o ke aʻo ʻana he maikaʻi loa (.87).

Hōʻike maikaʻi a me ka hopena Negative (PANAS)

Hoʻopilikia ka maikaʻi a me ka maikaʻi ʻole i kahi kikoʻī i hāʻawi ʻia i ka manawa i loiloi ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka palapala Turkish (Gençöz, 2000) o ka PANAS 20 (Watson et al., 1988). Ua helu nā mea komo i nā mea PANAS me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi pālima Likert ʻelima mai ka 1 (iki loa) i ka 5 (loa). Hōʻike nā helu kiʻekiʻe ʻoi aku ka hopena o ka hopena (Cronbach's α = .85) a me ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole (Cronbach's α = .83).

ʻO Scale Alexithymia ʻo Toronto (TAS-20)

ʻO Alexithymia a me kāna mau subdimensions me ka paʻakikī e hōʻike i nā manaʻo, ka wehewehe ʻana i nā manaʻo, a me ka noʻonoʻo kūwaho i loiloi ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka palapala Turkish (Güleç et al., 2009) o ka mea 20-TAS-20 (Bagby et al., 1994). Ma muli o nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa hou e pili ana i ka noʻonoʻo kūwaho (EOT) e hōʻike ana iā alexithymia (Müller et al., 2003) Ua kāpae ʻia ʻo EOT mai nā kālailai. Ua helu nā mea komo i ka TAS-20 me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi pālākiō ʻelima mai ka 1 (ikaika loa) i ka 5 (ikaika loa). He maikaʻi loa ka Cronbach's α i ke aʻo ʻana o kēia manawa (.83).

Nā ʻike i ka pili pili loa-hoʻoponopono ʻia (ECR-R)

Loiloi ʻia ka hoʻopili pīhoihoi a me ka pale ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka palapala Turkish (Selçuk et al., 2005) o 36-helu ECR-R (Fraley et al., 2000). Ua helu nā mea komo i nā mea ECR-R me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pālākiō ʻehiku mai ka 1 (ikaika loa) i ka 7 (ikaika loa). Hōʻike nā helu kiʻekiʻe ʻoi aku ka hoʻopili pīhoihoi (Cronbach's α = .83) a me nā mea i pale ʻia (Cronbach's α = .85).

ʻIkeʻIke Heluhelu

Ua ʻōlelo ka ʻōkuhi anamanaʻikepili i kēia mau hana: (i) ka hōʻoia psychometric o ka SARQ; a me (ii) ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana i nā pilina o ka nohona kanaka a me ka noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ka moekolohe. I ka mua, ua loiloi ʻia nā waiwai psychometric o ka SARQ me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kumumanaʻo hōʻike maʻamau (CTT), ka nānā ʻana i nā mea exploratory (EFA), a me ka hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻana o nā mea hōʻoia (CFA). I ka CFA, ke kumu o nā koena huinahalike (RMSEA), nā aʻa kaulike kaulike residuals (SRMR), index index fit (CFI), a me ka maikaʻi o ka index index (GFI) i nānā ʻia e hoʻoholo i ka maikaʻi o ke kūpono. RMSEA a me SRMR ma lalo o .05 hōʻike i ke kūpono maikaʻi a me RMSEA a me SRMR ma lalo o .08 e hōʻike i ke kūpono kūpono; CFI a me GFI kiʻekiʻe ma mua o .95 maikaʻi a me CFI a me GFI kiʻekiʻe ma mua o .90 ʻae ʻia (Hu & Bentler, 1999).

I ka hopena hope loa, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua hoʻopili a Pearson e ʻimi i nā coefficients pilina ma waena o nā ʻano noiʻi a me nā anamanaʻo hoʻoponopono hierarchical i hoʻohana ʻia e wānana ai i ka hoʻāhewa wahine e pili ana i nā kumu socio-demograpical a me nā hoʻololi psychological. Ma mua o ka hoʻopili kaulike ʻana, ua hālāwai ka ʻikepili me ka manaʻo o ka maʻamau ma muli o ka skewness a me nā kurtosis waiwai. I ke kālailai regression, ua hōʻoia ʻia ʻaʻohe multicollinearity ma o ka nānā ʻana i ka variance inflation factor (VIF) a me nā helu hoʻomanawanui. Ua hoʻokō ʻia nā loiloi helu e hoʻohana ana i ka polokalamu SPSS 23.0 a me ka AMOS 23.0.

Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻokoʻa ʻia ka huina hāpana i ʻelua ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa i mea e lawe ai iā EFA a me CFA me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ʻelua laʻana. Ua lawe ʻia ʻo EFA me ka hāpana mua (N = 12,096). Ua hōʻike ʻo EFA he hanana unidimensional ka SARQ. ʻO ke ana ʻo Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin a me kā Barlett hoʻāʻo o sphericity (.89; p <.001) i ka EFA i ʻōlelo ʻia i kahi hopena hoʻokahi-helu. Ua hōʻike ʻia ke anamanaʻo nui e pili ana i nā mea āpau he nui nā ukana (nā kaiapili ma waena o .62 a me .81), e wehewehe ana i ka 73.32% o ka nui o ka ʻokoʻa. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka hopena hoʻokahi ma muli o ka scree plot kahi i lawe ʻia ai nā kumu i loaʻa kahi Eigenvalue kiʻekiʻe aʻe ma mua o 1. Hana ʻia kahi CFA ma hope o ka EFA me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hāpana lua (N = 12,284). Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka papa hana kuhi likelike likelika likelike i ka CFA. ʻO nā loli hōʻailona i nānā ʻia (ʻo ia hoʻi, nā mea o ka pālākiō) o nā loli latent i kuhikuhi ʻia e like me nā ʻōuli mau. Maikaʻi o nā kuhikuhi kūpono (χ² = 2497.97, df = 6, p <.001, RMSEA = .13 CI 90% [.13, .13], SRMR = .03, CFI = .98, GFI = .97) hōʻike ʻia he maikaʻi kūpono i ka ʻikepili (Kline, 2011), e hōʻoia ana i ka pono kūpono o ka hopena hoʻokahi. Wahi a nā haawe kumu i hoʻonohonoho ʻia (mai waena o .72 a me .90), he kuleana nui ko nā mea āpau i ka pālākiō.

papaʻaina 1 hōʻike i nā mākia manaʻo, nā loli maʻamau, a me nā coefficients hoʻopili o nā loli like ʻole. Hoʻohui maikaʻi ʻia ka hoʻopili wahine me ka psychiatric depress (r = .17, p <.001), alexithymia (r = .13, p <.001), hopena maikaʻi (r = .06, p <.001), hopena maikaʻi ʻole (r = .14, p <.001), a me ka hoʻopili pīhoihoi (r = .10, p <.001). Eia kekahi, ua hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻole ʻia ka moe kolohe me ka nohona pilikino (r = −.10, p <.001) ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia i hoʻopili me nā mea i pale ʻia (r = .00, p > .05). Hāʻawi ʻia i ka coefficient hoʻopili haʻahaʻa (r <.10), ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka hopena maikaʻi (r = .06, p <.001) me ka hoʻoweliweli wahine i loaʻa i ka helu helu ma muli o ka nui o ka laʻana.

papaʻaina 2 hōʻike i nā hopena o ka hoʻokalakupua registrion hierarchical. Ua pili maikaʻi ka hana kolohe me ke kāne (β = −.31, p <.001), noho hoʻokahi (β = −.03, p <.001), puhipaka (β = −.04, p <.01), hoʻohana ʻona (= −.16, p <.01), kaumaha psychiatric (β = .13, p <.05), hopena maikaʻi (β = .06, p <.001), hopena maikaʻi ʻole (β = .03, p <.01), alexithymia (β = .02, p <.001), a me ka hoʻopili pīhoihoi (β = .04, p <.001). Ua hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻole ʻia ka moe kolohe me ka makahiki (β = −.04, p <.001), hoʻonaʻauao (β = −.02, p <.001), ke olakino pilikino (β = −.02, p <.01), a me nā mea e pale aku ai (β = −.02, p <.01). Eia nō naʻe, pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā hopena wānana o ka makahiki, ka naʻau, ke kūlana male, ka puhipaka, ka maikaʻi pilikino, ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole, a me nā kaila hoʻopili ua liʻiliʻi loa. Eia kekahi, ua lilo kēia mau hopena i helu nui ma muli o ka nui o ka laʻana. Ua wānana ka hoʻohālikelike regression i ka 18% o ka ʻokoʻa ma ka moekolohe wahine (F_13,24,161 = 418.62, p <.001).

Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hopena o ke aʻo ʻana i kēia manawa he kāne, he ʻōpio, he pae aʻo haʻahaʻa, he male hoʻokahi, puhipaka, ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻalekohola, pilikia psychiatric, hopena maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole, alexithymia, pili pili hopohopo, hoʻoliʻiliʻi pilikino pilikino, a me lalo pili pili ʻae ʻia nā mea i pale ʻia me ka hoʻoweliweli wahine. No laila, ua kākoʻo ʻia nā kuhiakau āpau. E like me ka mea i manaʻo ʻia, pili maikaʻi ka pilikia psychiatric me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa wahine. Kūlike kēia me nā noiʻi i hōʻike mua ʻia e hōʻike ana i nā hōʻailona psychiatric e like me ke kaumaha, ka hopohopo, a me ke koʻikoʻi hiki ke alakaʻi i ka hana kiʻekiʻe i nā ʻano moekolohe kolohe (Brewer & Tidy, 2019; Weiss 2004). ʻO ia paha nā mokuʻāina psychological detrimental psychological i ʻōlelo ʻia i alakaʻi i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka mālama ʻana i ka lawena i waena o ia mau kānaka (Dickenson et al., 2018). Hoʻāʻo a hoʻowalewale ka poʻe iā lākou iho e hoʻohana ana i ka moekolohe nui e hoʻopiha i kahi ʻole o ka naʻau e hopena ʻia e nā manaʻo maikaʻi ʻole e like me ke kaumaha, ka hopohopo, a me ke koʻikoʻi (ʻōpio, 2008).

ʻO ka hopena maikaʻi a me ka maikaʻi ʻole e pili pono i ka hoʻāo wahine. Kūlike kēia me nā noiʻi e kū nei e hōʻike ana e pili ana ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa wahine me nā mokuʻāina noʻonoʻo (Cashwell et al., 2017). ʻO kekahi wehewehe hiki paha i kēlā mau kānaka e hakakā nei me nā kūlana affective pinepine ʻole a me ka haunaele o ka naʻau e hoʻohana i ka preoccupation me nā hana moekolohe ma ke ʻano he ʻano hoʻololi i kahi ʻano e loaʻa ai nā manaʻo leʻaleʻa e kōkua iā lākou e pale i nā manaʻo maikaʻi ʻole (Woehler et al., 2018). He mea nui nō hoʻi e hoʻomaopopo he koʻikoʻi nā mokuʻāina noʻonoʻo a ʻoiai ma hope o ka kaohi ʻana no ka pilikia psychiatric, e hoʻokū ana i ka hana exacerbating kū hoʻokahi o ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole. Eia nō naʻe, pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia he pili maikaʻi ka hopena maikaʻi e pili ana i ka moekolohe kāne. He mea kuhi ʻole kēia, no ka mea, ʻo ka hōʻike empirical e hōʻike nei e hōʻike ana i ke ʻano maikaʻi kahi mea pale i ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā hana lawena (Cardi et al., 2019). Eia nō naʻe, ua kūlike ka hopena me ka manaʻo e loli paha nā mea hoʻoweliweli i nā ʻano mea addict (Messer et al., 2018) a ʻelua mau manaʻo maikaʻi ʻole a maikaʻi hoʻi e alakaʻi i ka hana kiʻekiʻe i nā moekolohe kolohe.

Ua ʻike pū ʻia ke aʻo ʻana ʻo ka alexithymia kiʻekiʻe (e laʻa, paʻakikī e hōʻike a hōʻike ʻana i nā manaʻo) ua hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia me ka wahine kolohe. ʻO ka poʻe i ʻike i nā pilikia i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana a me ka hōʻike ʻana i ko lākou mau manaʻo ua ʻoi aku ka makaʻu no ka lilo ʻana i nā mea moekolohe. Kūlike kēia me nā puke liʻiliʻi e nānā nei i ka pilina ma waena o kēia mau loli ʻelua (Reid et al., 2008). ʻO kekahi o nā noiʻi e nānā ana i ka pilina ua ʻike ʻia ka piʻi nui o ka alexithymia ma waena o nā kāne me ka maʻi hypersexual (Engel et al., 2019). Ua hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia ʻo ka hiki i ke ʻano o ka mana o ke kanaka me ka kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe alexithymia ke lilo i pilikia pilikia e alakaʻi i kēia poʻe i ka wahine i ka wahine.

Ua hōʻike pū ʻia nā hopena ua pili pono ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka pīhoihoi me ka hoʻāo wahine. Kūlike kēia me nā noiʻi i hala iho nei e hōʻike ana i ka pili pili pono ʻole e pili pono ana i ka wahine kolohe (Zapf et al., 2008). ʻO ka poʻe i ʻike i nā pilikia i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka hoʻopili paʻa me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe hiki ke loaʻa i nā pilikia i ka pili pili. (Schwartz & Southern, 1999). Hiki i nā poʻe pili i ka manaʻo hopohopo ke hoʻohana i nā moekolohe kolohe nui, koi, a kūpono ʻole hoʻi ma ke ʻano he uku no ko lākou nele i ka pilina a me ka pilina o ka naʻau (Leedes, 2001). No laila, hiki i nā mea pili i ka hopohopo ke komo i ka moekolohe nui me ka ʻole o ka naʻau i mea e hōʻemi ai i ko lākou makaʻu i ka hoʻokaʻawale a me ka haʻalele ʻana (Weinstein et al., 2015). ʻO ka pilina ma waena o ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka hoʻoleʻaleʻa a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa wahine ʻaʻohe mea nui i ka hoʻopili hoʻopili ʻana akā he mea maikaʻi ʻole ia i ka regression. No laila, he ʻano hoʻololi paha (e laʻa me, psychiatric depression) i hoʻopili i kēia hui.

E like me ka mea i manaʻo ʻia, ua ʻike ʻia nā mea pili i ka nohona kanaka i ka hana kolohe ma ke ʻano noi. ʻO ke kikoʻī, ʻo ke kāne, he ʻōpio, he pae aʻo haʻahaʻa, he hoʻokahi, he puhipaka, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka waiʻona e pili ana i ka wahine. Kūlike kēia mau hui i ʻōlelo ʻia aʻe nei me nā hopena o nā noiʻi i hala ma nā ʻāina like ʻole (Andreassen et al., 2018; Campbell & Stein, 2015; Kafka, 2010; Sussman et al., 2011). Hōʻike nā mea i ʻike ʻia e pono e noʻonoʻo i nā hiʻohiʻona kaiapili a me ka heluna kanaka i ka wā e hoʻomohala nei i nā papa hana kōkua i pale ʻia no ka pale ʻana i ka hana kolohe.

hoʻokau

Pono e wehewehe ʻia nā hopena o ke aʻo ʻana i kēia manawa ʻoiai e lawe ana i nā palena i loko o ka helu. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻoiai ka nui o ka laʻana a ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia ka ʻikepili e loaʻa ai kahi hui homogenious, ʻaʻole kūloko kēia moʻo no ka kaiāulu Tureke. Pono e kope hou i nā mea i loaʻa i kēia manawa me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā laʻana hou aku no Turkey a me / a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāina kūkulu ʻē kahi i nānā iki ʻole ʻia ka moekolohe. ʻO ka lua, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia kekahi kumu ma nā hui i nānā ʻia ma waena o nā loli like ʻole ma muli o ka hoʻolālā ʻāpana o kēia noi. Pono e hoʻohana i nā ʻano hana longitudinal a me qualitative e loaʻa i nā noiʻi hohonu hou aʻe e nānā hou ai i nā hopena o kēia wā. ʻO ke kolu, nā nīnau nīnau e pili ana i ka hōʻike ponoʻī me nā kuhi hana kaulana kaulana (e laʻa me ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i ka hoʻomanaʻo a me ka makemake kaiāulu) i hōʻiliʻili ʻia i ka ʻike. ʻEhā, hāʻawi ʻia ua hōʻike ʻia nā ʻikepili a hōʻiliʻili ʻia i hoʻokahi manawa, ua hoʻāhu ʻia nā pilina ma waena o nā ʻimi noiʻi.

Panina

ʻOiai nā palena i ʻōlelo ʻia aʻe nei, ʻo kēia ka hoʻokolokolo nui mua loa e noiʻi ana i nā psychological e pili ana i ka moekolohe ma waena o kahi laʻana kaiāulu Tureke. Ua hoʻāʻo ʻia nā waiwai psychometric o kahi pālākiō hou i loiloi i ka moekolohe kāne (ʻo ia hoʻi, ka nīnau nīnau no ka hoʻoweliweli i ka wahine. Eia kekahi, ua nānā ʻia ka nohona pili kanaka a me ka noʻonoʻo pono o ka hoʻāo wahine. ʻO ka hopena nui loa i hiki ke huki ʻia mai kēia noi ʻana ʻo ia nā hōʻailona psychiatric, maikaʻi maikaʻi ʻole pilikino, nā mokuʻāina affact, alexithymia, a me nā hoʻopili hopohopo nā pilina psychological mua o ka hoʻowalewale wahine ʻoiai ke kaohi nei no nā kumu o ka nohona kanaka. Hōʻike nā hopena i kēia manawa i mea e ʻike maopopo ai i ka moekolohe wahine, he mea nui e hōʻiliʻili i ka ʻikepili ma ka laulā o nā loli. He mea maikaʻi e nānā i nā hopena waena a me nā hopena o nā loli psychological i nā wā e hiki mai ana e wehewehe pono ai i nā ʻano hana o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa wahine. ʻO ka hopena hoʻohaʻahaʻa o nā ʻano socio-demographic e like me ke kāne, ka pae aʻo, ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wai ʻona, a me ka puhi paka ʻana, i ʻike ʻia e pili pū ana me ka hoʻowalewale wahine i kēia noi. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona waena ma waena o nā loli i kūkā ʻia i ke aʻo ʻana a i ʻole nā ​​loli hou (e laʻa, nā pilikia psychopathological, nā manaʻo ruminative, nā pilikia pili i ka psychotrauma, nā mea ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa a me nā ʻano mea pili i ka wahine. Ma kēia ala wale nō e hiki ai ke ʻike i nā hopena pololei a pololei ʻole hoʻi i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa wahine, e hāʻawi ana i ka ʻike hou aku e pili ana i nā ʻano hana i lalo e hoʻopili ʻia me ka hoʻāo wahine. ʻOiai hāʻawi kēia haʻawina i nā haʻawina waiwai, pono ʻia nā noiʻi hou ʻana i mea e hoʻomohala ai i nā pale kūpono a me nā hana kōkua no ka hoʻāhewa wahine.