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(L) Desperately Seeking Sensation: Fear, Reward, and the Human Need for Novelty

Wondering why anxiety-producing porn can drive porn addiction? Desperately Seeking Sensation: Fear, Reward, and the Human Need for Novelty

Neuroscience Begins to Shine Light on the Neural Basis of Sensation-Seeking
By Brenda Patoine
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Nucleus accumbens dopamine mediates amphetamine induced impairment of social bonding in a monogamous rodent species (2010)

Addictions, such as porn addiction, hijack the pair-bonding program via excess dopamine Nucleus accumbens dopamine mediates amphetamine induced impairment of social bonding in a monogamous rodent species

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Dopamine receptor expression and distribution dynamically change in the rat nucleus accumbens after withdrawal from cocaine self administration. (2010)

Comments: Heavy porn users report many types of withdrawal symptoms after they stop using. They all experience cravings. Recovery is not linear in that some may relapse or have cravings weeks into recovery. This study may reveal why. After cocaine use stops, dopamine (D2) receptors have not returned to normal 45 days out, and D3 […]

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Low Dopamine D2 Receptor Binding Potential In Social Phobia (2000)

YBOP Comments: Low levels of dopamine receptors (D2) are associated with social anxiety disorder. Many heavy porn users experience social anxiety. Some report an increase in social anxiety after a porn binge. For most the anxiety improves following abstinence – for some a short time, others a longer time. Keep in mind that excess stimulation […]

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Subjective Experiences During Dopamine Depletion (2005)

Low dopamine response can cause various psychological symptoms, and may account for the effects of porn addiction Comments: Scientists lowered dopamine in a healthy young man. He experienced an array of symptoms. Porn addicts often experience similar symptoms (or more mild versions) during withdrawal, or in between porn sessions. The symptoms may result from low dopamine receptors (D2) instead of (as well as?) low dopamine.

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Why am I addicted while my friends are not?

People’s brains are different. Some people are less sensitive to dopamine, others have trouble turning their dopamine response off.

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Midbrain Dopamine Receptor Availability Is Inversely Associated with Novelty Seeking Traits in Humans (2008)

Novelty-seeking drives some porn addiction Good study on novelty-seeking personality and dopamine auto-receptors. Auto-receptors help control the amount of dopamine released. Low levels of auto-receptors mean more dopamine is released for certain stimuli. High dopamine makes novel *anything* more exciting, or stimulating to the reward circuit.

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(L) Your Brain on Drugs: Fishhooks of Addiction (2008)

Understanding brain changes helps in understanding porn addiction Comments: Another good overview of addiction, focusing on dopamine

Your brain on drugs’: Fishhooks of addiction Tuesday, July 15, 2008 By Gigi MarinoResearch/Penn State

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Contextual Novelty Changes Reward Representations in the Striatum (2010)

Novelty lights up the brain driving porn addiction COMMENTS: This study, along with others demonstrate that novelty stimulates reward circuitry dopamine. The novelty of Internet porn is what makes it so different from porn of the past, such as magazines and DVD rentals.
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Novelty-induced arousal enhances memory for cued classical fear conditioning: Interactions between peripheral adrenergic and brainstem glutamatergic systems (2009)

Shocking images increase the brain wiring for porn addiction We chose this study because it is one of the most recent. The take-away is that both novelty and fear-producing stimuli make for stronger memories and learning.

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