Faallooyin: Daraasaddan FMRI ee kiniisadda Kuuriya waxay ku celinaysaa daraasado kale oo maskaxeed oo ku saabsan dadka isticmaala sigaarka. Sida daraasadda jaamacadda Cambridge waxa ay heshay qaabab dhaqdhaqaaqa maskaxda oo ku salaysan nacaybka jinsiga kaas oo ka soocay qaababka daroogooyinka daroogada ah. Iyadoo la raacayo dhowr jaamacadood oo Jarmal ah waxay heshay isbeddel ku yaalla kiliyaha prefrontal taas oo la mid ah isbeddellada lagu arkay kuwa daroogada ah.
Inkasta oo ay ku celiso qaybaha daraasado kale, waraaqdan Kuuriyaanka ah waxay sidoo kale ku dartay waxyaabahan soo socda:
- Waxay baartey gobollo dheeri oo dheeri ah oo ku lug leh fal-dambiyeedka sababay fal-dambiyeedka, waxayna heleen dhammaantood jawaab-celin xoog leh oo aad u xoog badan marka loo eego kontoroolka caafimaadka qaba. Goobaha maskaxda ee dheeraadka ah: Thalaus, nucleus caleenta caleenta, cirridka saxda ah ee supramarginal, iyo cirridka saxda ah ee lafdhabarka ah.
- Waxa cusubi waa in natiijooyinka ay si fiican isugu waafaqeen qaababka kiliyaha hore ee lagu arkay daroogada balwadaha leh: Falcelin weyn oo falcelin ah oo ku saabsan sawirrada galmada, laakiin weli la xakameeyay jawaabta kicinta kale ee caadiga ah. Maandooriyaha, tilmaamaha la xiriira balwadda waxay keeneysaa kiliyaha hore ee ku qarxaya wareegga abaalmarinta astaamaha "tag hel". Waxay sidoo kale keentaa xamaasad yar oo ka jawaabeysa abaalmarinta maalinlaha ah ee caadiga ah. Taasi waa, dhiirrigelin yar oo ku aaddan abaalmarinta caadiga ah.
Front. Behav. Neurosci., 30 November 2015
Ji-Woo Seok iyo Jin-Hun Sohn*
- Waaxda Cilmi-nafsiga, Machadka Cilmi-baarista Maskaxda, Jaamacadda Qaranka Chungnam, Daejeon, South Korea
Daraasado ku saabsan astaamaha shakhsiyaadka qaba cilad-darrada 'hypersexual disorder' ayaa sii kordheysay sababo la xiriira walaac sii kordhaya oo ku saabsan dabeecadda dhibaatada leh ee u-sinnaanta galmada (PHB). Waqtigaan, wax yar ayaa laga ogyahay habdhaqanka asalka ah iyo qaababka neerfaha ee rabitaanka galmada. Daraasaddeena waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu baaro isku xirnaanta neerfaha ee rabitaanka galmada iyadoo la adeegsanayo dhacdo la xiriirta sawir-maskaxeed maskaxeed (fMRI). Labaatan iyo seddex shaqsi oo leh PHB iyo 22 da 'da' ku habboon oo kantarool caafimaad leh ayaa la baaray inta ay si muuqaal ah u daawanayeen dareenka galmada iyo kuwa aan jinsiga ahayn Heerarka maadooyinka 'rabitaanka galmada' ayaa lagu qiimeeyay iyada oo laga jawaabayo kicin kasta oo galmo ah. Marka loo eego xakamaynta, shakhsiyaadka qaba PHB waxay la kulmeen rabitaan galmo oo soo noqnoqda oo kordhay intii lagu gudajiray dareenka galmada. Dhaqdhaqaaq ka weyn ayaa lagu arkay nukleus caudate, lobe parietal lobe, dorsal aning cingulate gyrus, thalamus, iyo cortex prefrontal cortex ee kooxda PHB marka loo eego kooxda xakamaynta. Intaa waxaa sii dheer, qaababka hemodynamic ee aagagga firfircoon ayaa ku kala duwan kooxaha. Iyadoo la raacayo natiijooyinka baaritaanka maskaxda ee daraasadaha walxaha iyo balwadda dabeecadda, shakhsiyaadka leh astaamaha habdhaqanka ee PHB iyo rabitaanka kor loo qaaday waxay muujiyeen firfircooni la beddelay oo ku yaal kiliyaha hore iyo gobollada hoose. Gabagabadii, natiijooyinkayagu waxay gacan ka geysan doonaan in lagu tilmaamo dabeecadaha iyo hababka neerfaha ee la xidhiidha shakhsiyaadka qaba PHB.
Hordhac
Habdhaqan-xumida maskaxeed (PHB) ayaa lagu qeexay ka qaybgalka joogtada ah ee ficilada galmada ee soo noqnoqonaya iyada oo aan la xakameynin jilicsanaanta jinsiga iyo dabeecadda iyada oo ay jirto wacyigelinta natiijooyinka taban ee la xidhiidha (Goodman, 1993; Carnes, 2001, 2013). Kuwa ku dhacda PHB waxay la kulmi karaan dhibaatooyin adag oo ku saabsan xiriirka qoyska iyo waxqabadka shaqada. Waxaa intaa dheer, waxay halis weyn u yihiin inay qaadaan cudurrada galmada lagu kala qaado ama la kulma uur aan loo baahnayn oo ka yimaada xiriir galmo oo aan loo baahneyn (Schneider iyo Schneider, 1991; Kuzma iyo Black, 2008). Maraykanka, 3-6% ardayda jaaliyadda iyo kuleejka waxay leeyihiin PHB (Coleman, 1992; Black, 2000; Xoghayayaasha, 2003). Kuuriyada Koonfureed, qiyaastii 2% dhammaan ardayda kuleejka ah waxay leeyihiin PHB (Kim iyo Kwak, 2011). Iyadoo ay sabab u tahay baahsanaantiisa iyo dhibaatooyinka la xiriira, halisaha la xiriira ayaa sii kordhaya bulshada dhexdeeda iyadoo dhacdooyinka PHB u muuqato in ay sii kordheyso.
Inkasta oo khatarnimada PHB hadda la aqoonsado, laguma darin DSM-5 (Ururka cilmi-nafsiga ee Mareykanka, 2013) Dood-wadaagayaashu waxay ku socdaan sida haddii ay tahay in cudur-maskaxeedku uu yahay mid cudur loo aqoonsado; Sidaa darteed, ma jiraan wax isku raacsan oo ku saabsan qeexitaankiisa, qeexitaankiisa, ama shuruudaha ogaanshaha. Tani waxay ka tarjumaysaa dhibaatooyinka lagu dhisayo heer naqdi ah oo cadeynaya sababtoo ah la'aanta daraasado ujeeddooyin iyo dareen xooggan oo ku saabsan ciladaha la xidhiidha xanuunka loo yaqaan 'hypersexuality disorder'.
In kastoo, kala duwanaanshaha Qeybta BH waa cudur murugo leh, waxaa la soo jeediyay in dhaqdhaqaaqa jinsiga ee xad-dhaafka ah loo qoondeeyey inuu yahay nooc ka mid ah cudurrada la qabatimay sababtoo ah PHB waxaa ka mid ah calaamado la mid ah noocyada kale ee takoorka (Goodman, 2001; Kor et al., 2013). Rabitaanka sii korodhsan wuxuu si aad ah ula xariira dhinacyada isbitaallada ku habboon ee xanuunka addictive. Daraasado sawir leh ayaa muujiyay in hawlaha gobollada maskaxda ee ku lug leh rabitaanka lagu bedelay kuwa leh walxaha maandooriyaha (Garavan et al., 2000; Tapert et al., 2003; Franklin et al., 2007;McClernon et al., 2009). Xayiraadda dabeecadda, sida khamaarka, ciyaaraha internetka, iyo habdhaqanka galmada, oo aan ku lug laheyn daawooyinka tooska ah ee daroogada sidoo kale waxaa ku jira rabitaan aad u sareeya oo u muuqda in ay la xiriirto shaqooyinka isbedelay ee gobollada maskaxda ku habboon (Crockford et al., 2005; Ko et al., 2009;Kühn iyo Gallinat, 2014; Voon vd, 2014).
Barashada sawirada maskaxda ee rabitaanka isticmaalka mukhaadaraadka iyo habdhaqanka habdhaqanka ayaa muujiyay isbeddellada isbedelka ee kiliyaha hore (PFC) iyo wareegyada abaalmarinta subcortical ee maadooyinka qaba cuduradaan (Goldstein iyo Volkow, 2011). Gaar ahaan, daraasadahani waxay aqoonsadeen inay si weyn ugu lug leeyihiin PFC ee qabatinka, labadaba iyada oo la adeegsanayo gobollada abaal-marinta limbic iyo ku lug-lahaanshaheeda ku aaddan qaybaha dhiirigelinta ee isticmaalka walaxda dib-u-celinta iyo dabeecadaha adag. Shaqada joojisa howlaha PFC waxay horseedi kartaa naafonimo ka jawaab celinta xushmadda iyo salience xiriirinta, sida ku-saleysnaanta aamusnaanta xad-dhaafka ah ee cuna-qabateynta, sida walaxda iyo dabeecadaha xad-dhaafka ah, iyo rabitaanka hoos u dhaca dabeecadaha abaal-marinta caadiga ah (Goldman-Rakic iyo Leung, 2002; Goldstein iyo Volkow, 2011).
Iyadoo la tixraacayo natiijooyinkan, natiijooyinka daraasadda neefsashada ee PHB-yada waxay soo jeedisay in shakhsiyaadka PHBs ay leeyihiin rabitaan jinsi ah oo ka sii sareeya marka la barbardhigo kantaroolka caafimaadka leh iyo in rabitaanka sii kordhay uu la xiriiro qaabab kala duwan oo ka mid ah astaamaha neeriga ah ee qotodheerta-gantaal-ilmagaleenka-amygdala shabakada farsamada (Voon vd, 2014). In qaab dhismeedka maskaxda iyo daraasad ku xirnaanta shaqeynta, Kühn iyo Gallinat (2014) waxay muujisay in soo noqnoqoshada ficil-celinta ee soo noqnoqota ay la xiriirto qaabdhismeedka maskaxda ee la beddelay oo ka shaqeynaya aagagga PFC oo laga yaabo inay horseedi karto raadinta qalab jinsi oo cusub iyo kuwo aad u daran.
Daraasadahaan waxay bixiyaan caddaynta kordhinta rabitaanka iyo isbedelada shaqeyn ee ku lug leh rabitaanku waxay sidoo kale ku lug leeyihiin PHB, inkasta oo dabeecada lafteeda aysan u keenin saameyno neurotoxi ah.
Nasiib darro, xogta xoogga leh ee ku saabsan jawaab-celinta nacaybka ee jinsiga ee shakhsiyaadka qaba PHB ayaan ku filneyn. Daraasado hore oo ku saabsan hababka maskaxda ee hoosta ka ah hawsha rabitaanka jinsiga ee shakhsiyaadka PHB ay isticmaalaan barxada caadiga ah ee qulqulka inta lagu jiro sawirka maskaxeed (magnetic resonance imaging) (fMRI) iyo soo-gaadhis xaddhaaf ah oo ku saabsan dareenka erotic. Daraasadaha ku saabsan rabitaanka galmada, muddada soojeedinta waxay u muuqataa mid muhiim u ah aragtida habka aragtida iyo sababtoo ah kala duwanaansho ee xogta macluumaadka (Bühler et al., 2008). Naqshadeynta xayawaanka, muddada hordhaca ah ee kicinta kicinta ayaa sii dheeraaday, iyo dhacdooyinka joogtada joogtada ee boodhka waa gabi ahaanba la saadaalin karo (Zarahn et al., 1997). Sidaa daraadeed, naqshadeynta xayawaanku waxay u muuqan kartaa in ay ka shaqeeyaan meelaha la xidhiidha geedi socodka garashada, sida dareenka joogtada ah, xakamaynta kor-u-kaca, iyo ka hortagga kacsiga galmada. Tani waxay keeni kartaa in la yareeyo niyad-jabka shicibka ah sidaa daraadeed isbeddel ku samee firfircoonida neerfaha (Schafer et al., 2005). Mabaadi ahaan, qaababka dhacdooyinka la xiriira waxay ka hooseeyaan naqshadaha caadiga ah ee loogu talagalay in lagu ogaado aagagga maskaxda ee firfircoon, inta ay ka sarreeyaan qiimeynta ficilka jawaabta ee hemodynamic (Birn et al., 2002).
Sidaa darteed, ujeedooyinka daraasaddan waxay ahayd
(1) waxay ku celisey natiijooyinkii hore ee dhaqanka ee rabitaanka galmada ee kor u kacay ee shakhsiyaadka qaba PHBs,
(2) ayaa tilmaamaya isbeddelka hawlaha maskaxda ee gobollada loo yaqaan inay la xiriiraan rabitaan ballaaran, iyo
(3) waxay fahmeysaa farqiga udhaxeeya jawaabaha hemodynam ee meelaha maskaxda ah waqtigooda waqtiga shakhsiyaadka qaba PHB-yada adigoo isticmaalaya fMRI-da la xiriira.
Waxaan u maleyneynaa in shakhsiyaadka qaba PHBs ay u badan tahay inay muujiyaan rabitaan galmo oo weyn marka la barbardhigo kontoroolka caafimaadka qaba iyo gobollada maskaxda, sida PFC iyo wareegyada abaalgudka hoose, oo muujiya dhaqdhaqaaqa isbedelka iyo jawaabaha hemodynamic marka la barbardhigo kontoroolka caafimaadka leh.
Dariiqooyinka
Ka qaybgalayaashu
Daraasaddan soo socota ayaa lagu daray 23 oo ka qaybgalayaasha ragga ah ee ka tirsan kooxda PHB [da'da da'da = 26.12, isbedelka heerka (SD) = 4.11 sano] iyo kaqeybgalayaasha 22 ee ku jira kooxda xakamaynta (celceliska da '= 26.27, SD = 3.39 sano). Ku dhowaad 70 kaqeybgalayaasha suurtagalka ah waxaa laga soo qortay xarumaha daaweynta ee habdhaqanka galmada ee dhibaatada leh iyo Kulammada Isku-xirnaanta Jinsiyada. Shuruudaha isudiyaarintu waxay ku saleysan yihiin shuruudaha ogaanshaha baarista PHB ee daraasadihii hore (Sanduuqa S1; Carnes et al., 2010; Kafka, 2010). Twuxuu ka reebban yahay shuruudaha waxay ahaayeen kuwan soo socda: da'da ka weyn 45 ama 18; cudur maskaxeed oo daran, sida ciladda isticmaalka khamriga, xanuunka khamaarka, xanuunka weyn ee niyadjabka, cudurka laba-cirifoodka, ama cillad qasabka ah; hadda daawo qaadashada; taariikhda dhaawacyada culus ee culus; khaniisnimada; diiwaanka dembi; ama aan xaq u lahayn sawirka (tusaale ahaan, biraha jidhkiisa, astigmatismka daran, ama claustrophobia). Bukaan-socodka waxay qabteen wareysi daaweyneed oo dhammaan maadooyinka awoodda leh, iyo koox kama dambeys ah oo ah 23 ragga oo la kulmay shuruudaha ka-soo-jiidashada oo aan ahayn shuruudaha ka-saarista ee loo soo xulay kooxda PHB. Kooxda xakamaynta, ka qaybgaleyaasha 22 ee sifooyinka dadweynaha (da'da, jinsiga, heerka tacliinta, iyo heerka dakhliga) ee u dhigma kooxda PHB ayaa la doortay. Dhammaan kaqeybgalayaashu waxay bixiyeen ogolaansho qoraal ah oo qoraal ah kadib markii la ogaaday waxyaabaha ku jira daraasaddan. Guddiga dib u eegista Machadka Qaranka ee Chungnam ayaa ansaxiyay nidaamyada tijaabada ah iyo oggolaanshaha (lambarka xaqiijinta: 201309-SB-003-01). Dhammaan ka qaybgalayaashu waxay heleen magdhow dhaqaale (150 dollars) ka qaybgalkooda.
Qalabka Cabbiraadda
Ka qaybgalayaashu waxay dhamaystireen sahan ay ku jiraan su'aal ku saabsan sifooyinka dadkooda iyo waxqabadyada galmada ee hore 6 iyo miisaaniyado qallafsan, sida Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (Patton et al., 1995), Su'aalaha kufsiga ee Buss-Perry (Buss iyo Perry, 1992), Beck Depression Inventory (Beck et al., 1996), Beck Walaaca (Beck et al., 1996), Imtixaanka Baaritaanka Galmada ee Galmada-R (SAST-R; Carnes et al., 2010), iyo Habraaca Habdhaqanka Aasaasiga ah (HBI; Reid et al., 2011; Shaxda 1). Su'aalaha ku saabsan dabeecada galmada waxay ahaayeen da'da ugu horeeya galmada iyo xiriirka jinsiga ee hadda jira. An xaalada galmada gaarka ah waxaa lagu qeexay sida xiriirka oo kaliya laba qof oo ku lug leh galmo galmo oo si gooni ah ula shaqeynaya. A xiriirka galmada ee aan jirin waxaa lagu qeexay sida loo ilaaliyo xiriirada galmada ee dhowr ah oo lala yeesho dhowr qof oo kala duwan oo galmo ah iyada oo aan la ilaalinayn noocyada isdhexgalka ee xiriirka.
TABLE 1
Jadwalka 1. Astaamaha Mawduuca.
Su'aalaha ku saabsan sifooyinka jimicsiga la xiriira waxaa ka mid ah inta jeer ee galmo galmo usbuucii la soo dhaafay, inta badan usbuucii la soo dhaafay, marxaladda aragtida pornography todobaadkii, iyo tirada lamaanayaasha wadajirka ah ee la soo dhaafay ee 6 ee la soo dhaafay. Intaas waxaa dheer, SAST-R (Carnes et al., 2010) iyo HBI (Reid et al., 2011) ayaa loo isticmaalay in lagu qiimeeyo heerka PHB ee kaqeybqaatayaasha. SAST-R wuxuu ka kooban yahay su'aalaha 20 loogu talagalay in lagu qiimeeyo heerka daroogada galmada. Dhibcuhu wuxuu u dhaxeeyaa 0 ilaa dhibcaha 20, oo leh dhibco sare oo muujinaya isticmaalka galmada oo aad u daran. HBI waxay ka kooban tahay su'aalaha 19, iyo dhibcuhu waxay kala duwan yihiin 19 ilaa 95. Dhibcaha guud ee 53 ama ka sareeya waxay muujinayaan xanuunka 'hypersexual disorder'. Iswaafajinta gudaha (Cronbach's e coefficient) ee SAST-R iyo HBI waa 0.91 iyo 0.96, siday u kala horreeyaan (Carnes et al., 2010; Reid et al., 2011).
Dabeecada tijaabada ah iyo barbaarinta tijaabada ah
Naqshad ayaa lagu qabtay ragga 130 oo leh hawlo galmo oo caadi ah oo aan ka qayb qaadanin tijaabinta fMRI si loo doorto dareenka galmada iyo aan la'aanta ah ee daraasadda FMRI (File S1). Dareenka muuqaalku wuxuu ka koobnaa sawirada 20 ee laga soo qaatay Nidaamka Sawir-qaadista Caalamiga ah (Sawirada 6; Lang et al., 2008) iyo shabakadaha internetka (sawirada 14). Dareenka jinsiga ayaa ka koobnaa sawirro muujinaya haweenka qaawan iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa galmada. Intaa waxaa dheer, sawirada 20 ee aan ku dhicin rabitaan jinsi ah ayaa loo doortay sida dareenka aan caadiga ahayn. Waxay la qabsadeen dareenka jinsiga ee heerkooda fiicnaanta. Dareenka aan qarsoodi ahayn ayaa soo bandhigay muuqaal aad u sareeya, sida dhaqdhaqaaqa biyaha, dabaaldegga guusha, iyo barafka. Dareenadaas ayaa la doortay si loo ogaado waxqabadka maskaxda ee ku xirnaa rabitaanka galmada iyada oo ku xukuntay hawshii ka dhalatay dareen farxad leh iyo dabeecad guud.
Falanqaynta tijaabada FMRI, tilmaamo gaaban oo ku saabsan tijaabada ayaa la siiyay 6 s bilowga tijaabooyinka, taas oo soo raaca soo bandhigid aan kala sooc lahayn oo ku saabsan dareenka galmada ama aan la sheegin for 5 s each. Isku-darka mid kastaa wuxuu ahaa 7-13 (celcelis ahaan, 10 s) si looga caawiyo ka qaybgalaha in ay ku noqdaan xaaladahooda aasaasiga ah. Si aad uga dhigto ka qaybgalayaashu diirada saaraan kicinta, waxaa la weydiistay inay cadaadiyaan badhanka jawaabta marka la bartilmaameedyo lama filaan ah la soo bandhigay qiyaastii 500 ms ee wadarta guud ee 12 muddada u dhexeysa. Wadarta wadajirka loogu baahan yahay tijaabada waxa uu ahaa 8 min iyo 48 (Tirada 1).
SHIGURE 1
Jaantus 1. Munaasabadda la xidhiidha dhacdooyinka ku saabsan rabitaanka galmada.
Ka dib markii ay dhammeeyeen tijaabadii FMRI, kaqaybgalayaashu waxay daawadeen kiciyayaal isku mid ah oo lagu soo bandhigay tijaabada FMRI, waxaana looga baahan yahay inay ka jawaabaan seddexda su'aalood ee soo socda ee qiimaynta nafsaaniga ah.
Marka hore, waxaa la weydiistay in ay jawaabaan "haa" ama "maya" markii la waydiiyay inay dareemeen rabitaan galmo marka ay muujinayaan kicin kasta.
Marka labaad, waxaa laga rabay in ay muujiyaan rabitaankooda galmada shanta shaaha ee Likert oo ka kala yimi 1 (ugu yaraan xooggan) ilaa 5 (ugu weyn).
Seddexaad, kaqeybgalayaasha qiimeyntooda shaqsiyadeed ee ku saabsan cabirka qiyaasta iyo kicinta kicinta kasta waxaa lagu go'aamiyay iyadoo loo eegayo toddobo dhibcood oo ah heerka Likert.
Qiimeynta waxaa loo sameeyay laba cabbir. Valence, oo ah mid wanaagsan ama wax xun, waxay u dhexaysay 1 aad u xun oo xumaada 7, iyo dareenka maskaxeed waxay u dhexeeyeen degenaansho 1 si ay ugu faraxsanyihiin / u kicitimeen 7. Ugu dambeyntii, ka qaybqaatayaashu waxaa laga rabey inay soo sheegaan wixii dareemo kale oo ay la kulmeen marka laga reebo rabitaanka galmada inta lagu jiro kicinta kicinta.
Aqoonsashada sawirada
Qaadashada muuqaalka waxaa lagu sameeyay 3.0 T Scips scanner (Philips Healthcare, Best, Netherlands). Hal sawir oo ah sawir-qaadashada sawir-qaadashada farsamada fMRI [qaabaynta sawirada: waqtiga soo noqnoqda (TR) = 2,000 ms, waqti dheer (TE) = 28 ms, dhumuc liin = 5 mm oo aan lahayn farqi, matrix = 64 64, beerta muuqaalka (FOV) = 24 24 cm, xagal wareega = 80 °, iyo xalinta wareegga = 3.75 mm] ayaa loo isticmaalay si loo helo 35 joogta ah oo ah xajmiga dhiigga ee ku saleysan heerka (BOLD). Sawirada miisaanka culus ee miisaaniyadeed ayaa laga helay xajmiga dheecaanka 1-dheecaanka ee soo noqnoqda ee soo noqnoqda (TR = 280, TE = 14 ms, xagal wareega = 60 °, FOV = 24 24 cm, matrix = 256 256, iyo dhumucdiisi = 4 mm).
Falanqaynta Warbixinta
Si loo baadho akhbaarada habdhaqanka iyo neerfaha ee ku saleysan rabitaanka galmada, macluumaadka sawirada iyo cilmi nafsiga ee saddexda sawirro ee sababay dareenka kale, sida qashqashaad, caro, ama la yaab leh, oo aan ahayn arooska jinsiga ayaa laga reebay falanqaynta xogta . Madax banaan t- Tilmaamaha isdabajooga iyo xoogga rabitaanka galmada ee labada kooxood waxaa lagu sameeyay iyadoo la isticmaalayo SPSS 22 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA). Faa'idada rabitaanka jinsiga waxaa loo tixgeliyaa tirada dareenka ee ka qaybgalayaal kasta uu ku dhacay rabitaan jinsi ah oo ka dhan ah dareenka jinsiga ee 20, iyo xoojinta jimicsiga galmadu wuxuu ahaa heerka celceliska rabitaanka jinsiga ee loogu talagalay sawirada erotic ah.
SPM8 (Waaxda Wanaagsan ee Sawireynta Neuroscience, London, UK) ayaa loo isticmaalay in lagu falanqeeyo xogta fMRI. Marxaladda horudhaca, sawirka MRI waxaa lagu sameeyay qaabka soo socda: hagaajinta jadwalka ku saabsan iibinta isku-xirnaanta, hagaajinta dhaqdhaqaaqa, iyo nidaamka caadiga ah ee loo yaqaan "template standard" oo ay bixiso machadka Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI). Ka dibna, sawirada caadiga ah waxaa lagu xayiray 8-mm Gaussian kernel.
Ka dib markii uu dhamaystiray horudhaca, diyaargarasyo udubdhexaad leh laba shuruudood (xaalad galmo iyo xaalad aan shuruud ahayn) ayaa loo abuuray ka qaybgal kasta si loo ogaado meelaha leh hirgelinta jacaylka la xidhiidha jinsiga. Falanqaynta heerka ugu sarreeya ee shakhsiyaadka isbarbardhigga xaaladaha galmada ee laga reebay xaaladda aan caadiga ahayn ayaa loo isticmaalay falanqaynta natiijooyinka khaaska ah, oo micnaheeduna yahay in sawirro loo sameeyay maado kasta. Hal sawir t-Tusaalooyinka sawirada celceliska ayaa loo isticmaalay si loo qiimeeyo saameynta kooxda ee kooxo kasta oo sawirada ka soo horjeeda ee lagu sameeyay falanqaynta shakhsi ahaaneed. Laba sambal t- Waxaa loo sameeyey si loo ogaado khilaafaadka ka dhexeeya labada kooxood ee jawaabaha maskaxda ee xaaladaha galmada ee ku saabsan xaaladda aan shaki ku jirin. Intaa waxaa dheer, falanqaynta isku xirnaanta waxaa lagu sameeyay kaliya kooxda PHB si loo go'aamiyo gobollada firfircoon ee la xariira darnaanta ciriiriga sida waafaqsan SAST-R. Sababtoo ah isbeddelka dhibcaha su'aalaha ayaa laga yaabaa in ay aad u hooseeyaan si ay u muujiyaan isku-dheelitirnaan farabadan oo ku jira kooxda xakamaynta, falanqaynta isku xirnaanta looma fulinin kooxda kantaroolka. Qiimaha P ee ka hooseeya 0.05 (Qiyaasta Been Abuuridda, saxda ah, tirada xeegada ≥ 20) ama 0.001 (xarriijin la'aan, xajmiga tirada ≥ 20) ayaa loo tixgeliyey waxqabadyo maskaxeed maaddaama heerarkan guud ahaan lagu aqbalo daraasadaha FMRI. Dhammaan isku-duwayaasha ee voxels-firfircooni ayaa lagu muujiyay sida MNI isku-duwaha Jadwalka 3, 4.
Isbeddelka isbeddelka boqolleyda ayaa laga soo saaray gobollada xiisaha (ROIs) taasoo ku salaysan natiijooyinka kala duwan ee u dhaxeeya kooxaha iyo falanqaynta isku xirnaanta [Tusaale ahaan, xakameyn laba-geesoodka ah (DLPFC), nucleus caleenta bidix, gyrus supramarginal, iyo midig dorsal anterior cingulate gyrus] oo leh MarsBaR (http://www.sourceforge.net/projects/marsbar). ROIs waxaa loo sameeyey abuurista 5-mm oo ku wareegsan iskudhafyada lagu soo bandhigay Shaxda 3, 4. Si loo baadho sifooyinka caadiga ah ee jawaabaha hemodynamka, kooraska waqtiga BOLD ee xilliga jadwalka waxaa sidoo kale laga soo saaray ROI intii lagu jiray soo bandhigidda kicitaan kasta oo galmo (wadarta 12; 5 iyo 7 kadibna) dhammaantood ka qaybgalayaasha. Koorasyada waqtiga ayaa markaas celcelis ahaan ka qaybgalayaashii koox kasta.
Sida baaritaanka dabagalka ee isku xirka si loo xisaabiyo isku-dheelitirka isku-xirnaanta, xiriirka ka dhexeeya dhibcooyinka ku jira SAST-R iyo HBI iyo isbeddelka boqolleyda ee isbeddelaya ROI oo ku salaysan natiijooyinka falanqaynta isku-xirka (Shaxda 4) ayaa lagu falanqeeyay kooxda PHB oo leh SPSS 22.
Natiijooyinka
Natiijooyinka Qiimaynta Cilmi-nafsiga
Maadooyinka 20 ee maareynta caafimaadka leh, kaliya laba ayaa soo sheegey dareen kale oo aan ka ahayn arooska galmada ee ka jawaabaya sadexda dareen ee galmada. Mid ka mid ah ka qaybgalayasha kooxdu waxay sheegeen in laba dareen oo jinsi ah oo ka mid ah dareenka jinsiga 20 uu sababay nacayb iyo xanaaq, halka ka qaybgale kale ee kooxda kantaroolka ahi ku qiimeeyay in hal sawir oo jinsi ah ay ku noqotay mid la yaab leh. Saddex sawir oo jinsi ah oo sababay dareenka aan ka ahayn arooska jinsiga ayaa laga reebay falanqaynta xogta.
Madax banaan t-waxaa lagu tilmaamaa inuusan jirin kala duwanaansho kooxeed ee cabbirka qiimeynta iyo arousal ee ka jawaabista sheekooyinka galmada [qiimaynta: t(43) = 0.14, p> 0.05, Cohen's d = 0.042; arousal: t(43) = 0.30,p> 0.05, Cohen's d = 0.089]. Waxaa intaa sii dheer, boqolkiiba dareenka galmada ee 20 sawirro erotic ah oo ka soo jeeda rabitaan galmo swaxay u muuqatay in kooxda PHB ay dareemeen rabitaan galmo oo ka badan inta badan kooxda kantaroolka ah inta lagu jiro dareenka galmadawaxaan [t(43) = 3.23, p <0.01, Cohen's d = 0.960]. Twuxuu xoojiyay jacaylka galmoodka uu muujiyay in kooxda PHB ay la kulmeen aroos aad u xun oo ka dhan ah kooxda kantaroolka iyaga oo ka jawaabaya sawirada jilicsan ee jilicsan [t(43) = 14.3, p <0.001, Cohen's d = 4.26]. Natiijooyinka qiimeynta nafsiga ah ayaa lagu muujiyey Jadwalka 2.
TABLE 2
Jadwalka 2. Natiijooyinka qiimeynta nafsaaniga.
Natiijooyinka FMRI
Qaybta PHB, firfircoonida waxaa lagu arkay labada dhinac ee hore ee guryaha / gunta [Brodmann] (BA) 9], cuneus / precuneus (BA 7, 18, iyo 19), striatum, calamus, iyo qoryaha gry (BA 24 iyo 32 ) ee ka jawaab celinta dareenka galmada marka la barbar dhigo dareemayaasha aan xishood lahayn. In Kooxda koontaroolka, firfircoonida waxaa lagu soo bandhigay qeybta dhexe ee lakabada dhexe / galmada (BA 9), cuneus / precuneus (BA 7, 18, iyo 19), striatum, calamus, iyo bidix qoryaha ah (BA 24) (oo la saxo Discovery Fal Qiimaha,p <0.05).
Qiimaynta kooxda dhexdeeda, kooxda PHB waxay soo bandhigtay dhiirigelin ballaaran oo ku taalla xuduudda midigta ee laydhka ah (DACC; BA 24 iyo 32), thalami laba-geesoodka ah, nucleus bidix kalana, DLPFC (BA 9, 46), iyo saxanka supramarginal saxda ah (BA 40) marka loo eego waxqabadka kooxda kooxda xakamaynta inta lagu jiro marxaladda dareenka galmada marka la barbar dhigo dareemayaasha aan xishood lahayn. Meelo maskaxeed oo ka mid ah kooxda xakameyntu waxay muujinaysaa firfircooni ka badan marka loo eego kooxda PHB. Dhammaan isku-duwayaasha loogu talagalay voxels-firfircoonida ayaa lagu muujiyey MNI isku-duwaha Jadwalka 3, 4. Jaantuska 2 waxay muujineysaa isbeddellada isbeddelka boqolleyda ee xakamaynta iyo kooxaha PHB ee xaalad kasta oo tijaabo ah (taas oo ah, xaaladaha galmada iyo aanta aan caadiga ahayn) ee ROIs loo doortay, iyo Jaantuska 3 wuxuu muujiyaa taxanaha saacada ee koox kasta oo ah isbeddelada isbeddelka isbeddelka marxaladaha marxaladaha ROIsda marka la soo bandhigayo kicinta kicinta galmada (wadarta 12; 5 iyo 7 kadibna) iyadoo lagu saleynayo natiijooyinka u dhaxeeya falanqaynta kooxda.
TABLE 3
Jadwalka 3. Goobaha maskaxda ee lagu qeexay falanqaynta kooxda.
Jadwalka 4. Goobaha maskaxda ee lagu qeexay falanqaynta isku xirnaanta ee kooxda PHB inta lagu jiro taabashada dareenka jinsiga.
SHIGURE 2
Jaantus 2. Natiijooyinka falanqaynta koox-kooxeed. (A) Isku-dubaridka labada dhinac (Isku-duwidda MNI; x = 6, y = -36, z = 4) (B) Kortekii hore ee saxda ah ee laydhka ah (Koonfurka MNI);x = 56, y = 10, z = 22) (C) Labbiska bidix ee coodadka (Isku-duwidda MNI; x = -38, y = -32, z = 2)(D) Guruska saxda ah ee supramarginal (Isku-duwidda MNI; x = 50, y = -42, z = 32) (E) Dorsal midigta midigta ah ee xuubka gyrus (Isku-duwidda MNI; x = 24, y = -16, z = 34). Natiijooyinka isbarbardhigga ah ee isbarbardhigga dareenka jinsiga ayaa ka yar dareenka aan caadiga ahayn ee u dhaxeeya PHB iyo kooxaha xakamaynta (p <0.05, Heerka Baadhis Been ah, la saxay). Kooxda kantaroolka iyo kooxda PHB waxaa loo metelaa sida buluug iyo casaan, siday u kala horreeyaan. Y-dhidibka wuxuu muujinayaa isbeddelka calaamadaha boqolkiiba iyo baararka khaladku wuxuu u taagan yahay Khaladka Heerka Caadiga ah.
SHIGURE 3
Jaantus 3. Waqtiga waqtiga ee jawaabaha hemodynam ee gobol kasta oo daneynaya.(A) Isku-dubaridka labada dhinac (Isku-duwidda MNI; x = 6, y = -36, z = 4) (B) Kortekii hore ee saxda ah ee laydhka ah (Koonfurka MNI); x = 56, y = 10, z = 22) (C) Labbiska bidix ee coodadka (Isku-duwidda MNI; x = -38, y = -32, z = 2) (D) Guruska saxda ah ee supramarginal (Isku-duwidda MNI; x = 50, y = -42, z = 32) (E) Dorsal midigta midigta ah ee xuubka gyrus (Isku-duwidda MNI; x = 24, y = -16, z = 34). Y-xaglaha iyo x-xuubka ayaa muujiya isbeddelka isbeddelka boqolka iyo wakhtiga (s), siday u kala horreeyaan, iyo khaladaadka khaladka waxay matalaan qaladka caadiga ah ee macnaha.
Falanqaynta isku xirnaanta ee gobollada ee la xidhiidhay dhibcaha SAST-R ayaa muujiyay in tiirarka saxda ah iyo DLPFC (BA 9) ay la xidhiidhaan natiijooyinka SAST-R (p <0.001, aan la sifeyn) kooxda PHB inta lagu gudajiro kicinta galmada, sida lagu muujiyey Jadwalka 4. Tnatiijooyinka falanqaynta la socoshada ayaa muujisay in isbeddelka isbeddelka isbeddelka ee laga soo saarey saxaraha saxda ah iyo DLPFC ay si weyn ugu xiran yihiin darajada hypersexuality, sida ku cad Shaxda 4. Calaamadaha boqolleyda ayaa isbedelaya saxarada saxda ah iyo midabka DLPFC oo si sax ah udhexeeya dhibcaha SAST-R ee kooxda PHB inta lagu jiro jiritaanka dareenka galmada: r = 0.74, n = 23, p <0.01; midig DLPFC: r = 0.63, n = 23, p <0.01). Intaas waxaa sii dheer, boqolkiiba calaamadaha isbeddelada saxda ah ee DLPFC iyo midigta saxda ah waxay si togan ula xiriireen dhibcaha HBI ee kooxda PHB (midig thalamus: r = 0.65, n = 23, p <0.01; midig DLPFC: r = 0.53, n = 23, p <0.01), sida ku cad Jaantuska 4.
SHIGURE 4
Jaantus 4. Natiijooyinka falanqaynta isku xirka. Left, falanqaynta isku dhafanaanta farsamada maskaxda (fMRI). Gobollada oo muujinaya isku-dheelitirnaan farabadan oo u dhaxaysa dhaqdhaqaaqa maskaxda inta lagu jiro rabitaanka galmada iyo Dhibcaha Baaritaanka Galmada ee Raadinta-R (SAST-R) (p <0.001, aan la sifeyn). Xuquuqda, xiriirka qumman ee udhaxeeya calaamadaha boqolkiiba isbeddelada laga soo saaray aag kasta iyo dhibcaha darnaanta galmada [ie, dhibcaha SAST-R iyo Hypersexual Behavior Inventory (HBI)). X-dhidibka wuxuu muujinayaa dhibcaha darnaanta galmada, y-dhidibkuna wuxuu u taagan yahay isbeddelka calaamadaha boqolkiiba. (A) Isku-dubaridka labada dhinac (Isku-duwidda MNI; x = 4, y = -32, z = 6) (B) Kortekii hore ee saxda ah ee laydhka ah (Koonfurka MNI); x = 56, y = 8, z = 22).
Dood
Daraasaddan imtixaanka ah ayaa lagu ogaaday in ay isbeddel ku tahay heerarka rabitaanka galmada ee u dhaxeeya shaqsiyaadka qaba PHB iyo kontoroolka caafimaadka qaba iyo, haddii ay sidaas tahay, haddii farqigaasu uu la xiriiro isbeddellada isbedelka ee dareenka jilicsan ee rabitaanka galmada ee shakhsiyaadkan. Sida la saadaaliyay, kooxda PHB waxay muujisay heerar aad u sareeya oo ah rabitaan jinsi ah iyo isbeddel lagu sameeyo PFC iyo subkortiyada marka la barbar dhigo kantaroolka. Natiijooyinkani waxay soo jeediyeen in isbeddelada isbedelka ah ee wareegga neerfaha ee dhexdhexaadinta rabitaanka dabeecada galmada ay la mid yihiin kuwa ka jawaabaya soo bandhigista faafinta shakhsiyaadka leh walxaha mukhaadaraadka ama qabatinka dabeecada (Garavan et al., 2000; Tapert et al., 2003; Crockford et al., 2005; Franklin et al., 2007;Ko et al., 2009; McClernon et al., 2009). Voon vd. (2014) waxay soo sheegeen rabitaan aan caadi ahayn iyo isbeddellada isbeddelka ee gobollada oo la xiriirta rabitaan kordhay ee shakhsiyaadka leh habdhaqanka galmada ee qasabka ah. Waxaan ku soo celinnay oo aan kordhiyay natiijooyinkan iyada oo la baaray wakhtiyada taxane ah ee waxqabadka intii lagu jiray wadarta 12 ee meelaha la xiriira rabitaanka galmada.
Marka la eego falanqaynta natiijooyinka qiimaynta nafsaaniga ah waxay muujisay in kooxda PHB ay muujisay rabitaan jinsi ah oo aad u badan marka loo eego kooxda kantaroolka inta ay soo gaadhay dareenka jinsiga, taas oo soo jeedisay in kooxdani ay leedahay heerka hoose ee rabitaanka galmada. Marka rabitaanka galmada la soo bandhigay, kooxda PHB waxay muujisay rabitaan xoog leh oo jinsi ah marka loo eego kooxda kantaroolka. Natiijadan waxay la socotay natiijooyinkii hore ee shakhsiyaadka leh PHB (Laier et al., 2013; Laier iyo Brand, 2014; Voon vd, 2014), gaar ahaan waxaay muujineysaa in rabitaanka filimada sawir-qaadigu uu ka ciyaari karo kaalin muhiim ah ee macaamiisha cybersex.
Natiijada jawaabaha maskaxda ku meersan galmada ee wax xunna dovetail la ogaaday neuroimaging hore tilmaamay in hawlaha lagu arkay gobollada maskaxda ku lug leh galmada doonaya ama niyad / eegaayo, iyo sidoo kale ka jeelahay galmada ama kacsiga / dhammaystirmaysaa, markii ay dhamaan ka qaybgalayaashu waa soo bandhigay dareenka galmadai (Georgiadis iyo Kringelbach, 2012). Natiijooyinka kooxda isbarbardhiga ee sawirka maskaxda ayaa shaaca ka qaaday in firfircoonida la beddelay ee DLPFC (BA 9) iyo gobollada hoose, oo ay ku jiraan dACC sax ah (BA 24 iyo 32), nucleus caleenta bidix, gurracda saxda ah ee supramarginal (BA 40), iyo midig Thalassus, iyo isbeddelladani waxay la xiriiri karaan astaamaha dabeecada ee kooxda PHB. Marka lagu daro dhaqdhaqaaqa maskaxda, waxaanu baaris ku samaynay taxane ah saacadaha jawaab-celinta hemodynamic ee goobahan oo dhan inta lagu jiro iyo ka dib marka ay ka soo jeedaan rabitaanka galmada ee meelahaas.
Goboladani, nucleus bidix ee saxda ah iyo ACC sax ah (BA 24 iyo 32) iyo saxda ah DLPFC ayaa loo maleynayaa in lala xiriirinayo qaybta dhiirigelinta rabitaanka galmada. Ka qayb qaadashada nucleus coodsiyada dhiirigelinta iyo abaalmarinta abaalmarinta ayaa laga yaabaa inay xisaabtamayso jawaabteeda ku saabsan dareenka galmada (Delgado, 2007). Qalal-galka ayaa la kiciyaa inta lagu jiro mudada abaalmarinta ah (Delgado, 2007), oo laga yaabo inay ka tarjumeyso rabitaanka la xidhiidha rajadaas. Daraasad ku saabsan jawaabaha neuralka ee la xidhiidha isticmaalka sigaarka, fara-gelinta soo noqnoqoshada ee ka dhalatay sawir-gacmeedka 'pornography' ayaa laga yaabaa inuu keeno hoos u dhigista iyo hoos u dhigista qallalka, oo ay ku jiraan nucleus caudate (Kühn iyo Gallinat, 2014). Si kastaba ha ahaatee, daraasaddan hadda, firfircooni weyn ayaa lagu arkay caleenta caudate ee kooxda PHB, xitaa inkastoo kooxda PHB ay daawatay filimada. Faraqa udhaxeeya natiijooyinka daraasaddan xaadirka ah iyo kuwa Kühn iyo Gallinat (2014) waxaa laga yaabaa in lagu sharaxo farqiga ka qaybgalayaasha. Taasi waa, marka loo eego isticmaalka ragga waawayn ee ragga ah ee daraasaddii hore, daraasaddeenna waxaa loo qabtey shakhsiyaadka qaba PHB. Soo uruurinta caddaynta waxay muujinaysaa in nucleus coodsiyada ay muhiim u tahay barashada habdhaqanka dhiirigelinta iyo waxqabadka habdhaqanka khatarta ah (Vanderschuren iyo Everitt, 2005). Dhiirigelinta nucleus ee nudleuska daraasaddan waxay soo jeedin kartaa in dabiiciga fal-celinta la sameeyo ka dib markii lagu soo noqdey soo noqnoqoshada jinsi.
DACC waxaa loo yaqaanaa inay la xiriirto hababka dhiirigelinta rabitaanka galmada (Redouté et al., 2000; Arnow iyo al., 2002; Hamann et al., 2004; Ferretti et al., 2005; Ponseti et al., 2006; Paul iyo al., 2008). Natiijooyinkayaga ku saabsan dhaqdhaqaaqa DACC waxay soo jeedinayaan in ay kaalin ku leedahay rabitaanka galmada, natiijooyinkana waxay la mid yihiin kuwa daraasadda ku saabsan waxqabadka neerfaha ee ku saabsan rabitaanka maadooyinka leh dabeecadaha jinsiga ee qasabka ah (Voon vd, 2014). Waxaa intaa dheer, DACC waxaa loo yaqaanaa inay muhiim u tahay hawlgalka hore ee himilada ujeedada bartilmaameedka iyada oo ku hawlan kormeerka khilaafka u dhaxeeya dhiirigelinta asluubta dabiiciga ah iyo cidhibtirka wacyigaas (Devinsky et al., 1995; Arnow iyo al., 2002;Karama iyo al., 2002; Moulier et al., 2006; Safron et al., 2007). Neuroanatomically, mashaariicda DACC ee DLPFC iyo lobe muraayad (Devinsky et al., 1995; Pizzagalli et al., 2001). Daraasaddan, hawlaha DACC ee kooxda PHB ayaa laga yaabaa in ay ka turjumaan khilaafka gudaha ee u dhexeeya rabitaanka si loo muujiyo dareen galmo sida ficilada iyo dhiirigelinta in la xakameeyo dareenka sababo la xiriira xaaladaha xaaladaha xilliga soo bandhigidda dareenka galmada.
Hawlgalka gurracan ee supramarginal waxaa lala xiriiriyaa dareenka sii kordhaya ee bartilmaameedyada kuwaas oo loo arko calaamado galmo (Redouté et al., 2000; Stoléru et al., 2012). Daraasado hore ayaa soo jeediyay in dareenka sii kordhaya ee dareenka jinsiga uu kaalin muhiim ah ka leeyahay ilaalinta rabitaanka galmada (Barlow, 1986; Janssen iyo Everaerd, 1993) iyo waxay la xiriirtaa raadinta jacaylka galmada (Kagerer et al., 2014). Daraasaddan hadda, ficilcelinta supramargelintu waxay ka tarjumaysaa dareenka ugu weyn ee ay bixiso maadooyinka PHB-ka ee ku saabsan dareenka galmada, taas oo keeni karta heerarka sare ee rabitaanka galmada marka la barbardhigo kooxda kantaroolka.
Gobollada oo si aad ah u dhaqdhaqaaqay natiijooyinka kooxda dhexdooda, DLPFC iyo Thaamus waxay si toos ah ula xidhiidhaan darnaanta khatarta galmada ee maadooyinka PHB. Waxaan aragnaa firfircooni wayn oo tartiib tartiib ah, taas oo la socotay natiijooyinkii hore ee daraasaadka ku saabsan arooska galmada (Redouté et al., 2000; Moulier et al., 2006). Sida laga soo xigtay daraasado hore oo ku saabsan rabitaanka galmada, firfircoonida fasalka ayaa la xiriirta jawaabaha jirka (sida diyaargarowga hawsha galmada) taas oo ay sababtay rabitaan jinsi ah oo si haboon u qotonta korriinka faleebada (MacLean iyo Ploog, 1962; Redouté et al., 2000; Moulier et al., 2006). Arrinta xiisaha leh, waxaan sidoo kale ka helnay qaab xeeldheer sare oo dheellitiran oo ku jira maadada marka la barbar dhigo kantaroolka. Jawaabtan kore ee sareeya ee hemodynamku waxay muujin kartaa in jimicsiga galmoodka uu ahaa mid xooggan oo dheeraaday shakhsiyaadka qaba PHB.
Si la mid ah natiijooyinka daraasadaha ku saabsan dhaqdhaqaaqa neerfaha ee shaqsiyaadka haysta mukhaadaraadka xilligii dabiiciga ahaa, waxaanu ka helnay wax ka bedelidda PFC ee kooxda PHB. PFC ayaa door weyn ka ciyaara qorsheynta mustaqbalka iyo xasuusta shaqada (Bonson et al., 2002). Neuroanatomically, PFC waxay isku xiran tahay meelo kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan DACC, nucleus caudate, iyo lobe parietal (Devinsky et al., 1995; Pizzagalli et al., 2001; Goldman-Rakic iyo Leung, 2002). Daraasado hore oo ku saabsan qabatinka ayaa muujiyey in cillad la'aanta shabakaddan, oo ay ku jiraan PFC, ay la xiriirto xeerka PFC ee gobollada abaalmarinta limbic iyo ku lug lahaanshaheeda fulinta fulinta sare, oo ay ku jiraan is-xakamaynta, ku-xirnaanshaha salience, iyo wacyigelinta (Goldman-Rakic iyo Leung, 2002; Feil et al., 2010; Goldstein iyo Volkow, 2011; Kühn iyo Gallinat, 2014). Gaar ahaan, daraasadahani waxay tilmaameen hawlaha DLPFC in ay tahay waxyeello ku saleysnaanta sirta, taas oo keenta calaamadaha, sida isbeddel aan caadi aheyn oo loo yaqaan 'cysticive cue' sida maaddada iyo dabeecadaha khatarta ah iyo dulsaar yaraanta dareenka wanaagsan (Goldman-Rakic iyo Leung, 2002; Goldstein iyo Volkow, 2011). Daraasadda hadda, kormeerida hawlaha DLPFC ee ka midka ah kooxda PHB marka la barbardhigo kooxda kantaroolka ayaa laga yaabaa in ay ka turjumaan sharraxaadda xad-dhaafka ah ee ku salaysan tilmaamaha galmada.
Marka la soo koobo, kooxda PHB waxay muujisay rabitaan jinsi ah oo la xiriirta waxqabadka maskaxda ee la beddelay. Natiijooyinkaasi waxay tilmaamayaan in kooxda PHB ay bixin karto dareenka xad-dhaafka ah ee damiirka jinsiga iyo in laga yaabo inay yeeshaan jawaab celin toos ah sababta oo ah jawaabta shuruudda ah ee dareenka jinsiga ma dhexdhexaadin karo si sax ah. Xaddidaadaha daraasaddan soo socda waxay ahaayeen sidan soo socota. Marka hore, tartanka maadooyinka wuxuu ahaa Asian. Marka labaad, daraasaddan waxay ku lug leedahay maaddooyinka labka nin oo keliya, iyo daraasadaha mustaqbalka ee ku lug leh dheddigga iyo maadada labka raga ah waa in ay ku caawiyaan fahamka fiican PHB. Maadooyinka PHB oo leh cudurada maskaxeed ee isku-jira ayaa aan lagu qorin daraasaddan, iyadoo hubinta baaritaanka neefsiga neerfaha ee ku saleysan kaliya biilka PHB. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sida ku cad daraasadda Weiss (2004), 28% ee ragga qaba PHB waxa ay qabaan dhibaatada weyn ee niyad-jabka. Qaadashada arrimahan ayaa si wadajir ah u xaddidaya natiijada guud ee natiijada daraasadda si dadweynaha guud ee caalamiga ah. Ugu dambeyntii, labada kooxood ayaa laga yaabaa inay kala duwan yihiin iyadoo la tixgelinayo is-wacyigelinta iyo / ama dareenka dareenka sababtoo ah daaweynta kaqeybgaleyaasha PHB. Waxaan isku dayeynay inaan hoos udhigno farqiga u dhexeeya kooxaha xakameynaya iyo PHB iyaga oo isbarbardhigaya doorsoomayaasha muhiimka ah ee dadweynaha, oo ay ku jiraan da'da, heerka tacliinta, iyo gacan-siinta, marka la barbar dhigo ujeedooyinka iyo iyadoo la adeegsanayo shuruudaha adag ee ka-saarista, sida joogitaanka cudurada maskaxda iyo isticmaalka hadda daaweynta nafsiga ah, labada kooxba. Marka xigta, waxaan qorsheyneynaa inaan eegno sida doorsoomeyaasha la xidhiidha muddada daaweynta ama nooca daaweynta ay saameynayso jawaabaha dareenka, oo ay ka mid yihiin jawaab celinta calaamadaha galmada, shakhsiyaadka qaba PHB.
Iyadoo ay jirto xaddidaadahan, natiijooyinka daraasaddan waxay si wax ku ool ah u soo saartaa suugaanta waxayna leeyihiin waxyaabo muhiim ah oo ku wajahan cilmi baarista mustaqbalka. Waxaan aqoonsanay gobolo maskaxeed oo gaar ah oo si toos ah loola xiriiriyay rabitaanka galmada iyo isbeddellada ku meelgaarka ah ee hawlaha gobolladan oo ay ka mid yihiin maadooyinka PHB. Sida baaritaanka maskaxda ee daraasadaha maskaxda iyo habdhaqanka, PHB waxay la xiriirtay isbeddellada isbeddelka ee PFC iyo subkortikal, xitaa iyada oo aan lahayn daaweynta nukotoksiyada ee daroogada. Natiijooyinka noocan ahi waxay faa'iido u leeyihiin dabeecadda iyo dabeecadaha la xiriira ee shakhsiyaadka qaba PHB, oo tallaabo ka baxsan sharraxaadaha astaamaha sida daraasadaha hore.
Maalgelinta
Shaqadani waxaa taageertay Machadyada Aasaasiga ah ee Kuuriya (No. E35600) iyo sanduuqa cilmibaarista ee Jaamacadda Qaranka ee 2014 Chungnam.
Iskuduwaha Qodobka Dulsaarka
Qorayaashu waxay caddeeyeen in cilmi-baaristaan lagu sameeyey maqnaansho xiriir ganacsi ama dhaqaale oo laga yaabo inay noqon karto khilaafka xiisaha leh.
Mahadnaq
Qorayaashu waxay jeclaan lahaayeen inay u mahadceliyaan Machadyada Aasaasiga Kobcinta ee Aasaasiga ah ee u oggolaanaya daraasaddan in lagu qabto Xarunta Xarunta Sawirada Dadweynaha iyada oo la adeegsanayo scanner 3T MRI (Phillips).
Qalabka Dheeraadka ah
Qodobbada dheeraadka ee qodobkan waxaa laga heli karaa internetka: http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00321
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Erayoxul: dabeecadda dhibaatada leh ee dabeecadda xun, rabitaanka galmada, sawir-maskaxeed maskaxeed oo shaqeynaya, koontada hore ee jirka, jawaabta hemodynamic
Tixraac: Seok JW iyo Sohn JH (2015) Noocyada Naas-nuujinta ee Rabitaanka Galmada ee Shakhsiyaadka leh Habdhaqanka Habdhaqanka Dhibaatada leh.Front. Behav. Neurosci. 9: 321. doi: 10.3389 / fnbeh.2015.00321
La helay: 18 Juun 2015; La aqbalay: 10 Nofeembar 2015;
La daabacay: 30 November 2015.
Edited by:
Morten L. Kringelbach, Jaamacadda Oxford, UK iyo Jaamacadda Aarhus, Denmark, UK
Dib by:
Matthias Brand, Jaamacadda Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Janniko Georgiadis, Xarunta Caafimaadka Jaamacadda Groningen, Netherlands
Xuquuqda daabacaadda Se 2015 Seok iyo Sohn. Kani waa maqaal furan oo loo qaybiyey shuruudaha Sharciga Abuuritaanka Abuurida Abuuraha (CC BY). Isticmaalka, qaybinta ama dhalashada ee golayaasha kale waa la ogol yahay, haddii qoraayada asalka ama shahaadada asalka ah la xisaabiyo iyo in daabacadii asalka ahaa ee joornaalkan lagu xusay, sida waafaqsan dhaqanka la aqbalay. Looma baahna isticmaalka, qaybinta ama dhalmada la oggol yahay oo aan u hoggaansanayn shuruudahan.
* Xiriirinta: Jin-Hun Sohn, [emailka waa la ilaaliyay]
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