Dib u eegis sharafeed ee Prause et al., 2015

Hordhac

Daraasadda EEG: "Is-beddelidda fursadaha dambe ee muuqaalka sawirrada galmada ee dadka isticmaala dhibaatada iyo kantaroolka aan ku habooneyn xatooyo fara badan"(Horudhac iyo wakhti., 2015)

Sheeg: Ilaa maantadan, cilmi baadhe hore ee UCLA Nicole Prause waxay si geesinimo leh u sheegatay in daraasaddeeda EEG oo keli keli ah “ay beenisay qaabkii balwadda ee balwadda.”

Xaqiiqada: Natiijooyinka waxay muujinayaan habeyn / sicir-qabteyn inta badan dadka isticmaala sigaarka. Sababtoo ah warqadani waxay soo sheegatay isticmaalka suuxdinta ee la xidhiidha yar dhaqdhaqaaqa maskaxeedka ee nambarka vaniljiga waxaa ku qoran this shabakada sida taageeraya mabda'a ah in isticmaalka porno ee joogtada ah uu nidaamiyo jinsiyada galmada. Si fudud u dhiib, dadka isticmaala xayawaanka ee soo noqnoqda waxay caajiseen sawirro muuqaal ah oo ah porn-ho-hum. (Natiijooyinkani waa barbar socda Kuhn & Gallinat., 2014.) Natiijooyinkani waxay la socdaan dulqaadka, calaamad muujinaysa qabatinka. Is-dulqaadashadu waxaa lagu qeexaa sida jawaab-celinta qofka oo naaqusaysa daroogada ama kicinta taas oo ah natiijada isticmaalka soo noqnoqda. Sagaalka waraaqo ee dib loo eegay ee hoos ku taxan ayaa ku raacsan tan Qiimaynta YBOP Horudhac iyo wakhti., 2015.

Labaatan iyo toddobo daraasadood ayaa soo sheegay natiijooyinka la socda dareenka / fal-celinta. Sababtoo ah dadka isticmaala lebbiska badanaa waxay leeyihiin akhriska EEG ka hooseeya kontaroolada, qoraaga hormoodka ah ee Nicole Prause ayaa sheegatay waraaqdeeda, iyada oo gabagabo aan caadi ahayn, "been abuurtay" qaabka mukhaadaraadka maandooriyaha. Waxay sheeganeysaa in akhrinteeda EEG ay qiimeysay "falcelin-celin," halkii ay ka ahaan lahayd habeyn. Xitaa haddii ficilku saxsan yahay, waxay si fudud u ilowsiisaa daloolka daldaloolka ee "been abuur". Iyadoo aan loo eegin sheegashooyinkeeda ku saabsan Horudhac iyo wakhti. 2015 helitaanka cuna-diidmo-celin yar oo ka mid ah dadka isticmaala sigaarka badan, 26 kale cilmi-baadhista dareemayaasha ayaa sheegey cu-ka-falcelin ama jahwareer (dareen-celin) ee dadka isticmaala loola dhaqmo: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27. Saynisku ma socdo daraasadda lafdhabarka ah ee ay dhib ku tahay cilladaha khatarta ah afduubayaasha; sayniska ayaa la socota caddaynta caddaynta.

Fiiro gaar ah: Tilmaamahan 2018 ee Gary Wilson wuxuu soo saari doonaa runta ka dambaysa 5 daraasad la is waydiin karo oo marin-habaabin ah, oo ay ku jiraan laba daraasadood oo ah Nicole Prause EEG (Steele et al., 2013 iyo Horudhac iyo wakhti., 2015): Porn Research: Xaqiiqda ama Qurmooyinka?

Toban falanqeyn asaageed oo dib loo eegay Horudhac iyo wakhti, 2015. Sanadaha soo socda Daraasado badan oo badan oo ku salaysan dareemaha jidhka ayaa la daabacay (MRI, fMRI, EEG, neuropsychological, hormonal). Dhammaantood waxay bixiyaan taageero xoog leh oo loogu talagalay moodeelka maandooriyaha maaddaama natiijooyinkoodu ay muraayad u yihiin natiijooyinka neerfaha ee lagu soo warramey daraasadaha mukhaadaraadka maandooriyaha. Fikradaha khabiirada dhabta ah ee fikradaha galmada / galmada waxaa lagu arki karaa liiskan 25 dib u eegista suugaanta iyo faallooyinka dhowaan (dhammaantood waafaqsan yihiin habka takoorka). Waraaqaha hoos ku qoran waxay isku raaceen in Horudhac iyo wakhti. Natiijooyinka qiimeynta waxay ku taageertaa taageerada Maandooriye qaab. Waraaqda #2 (by Gola) oo keliya ayaa loogu talagalay in la kala saaro Horudhac iyo wakhti., 2015. Waraaqaha kale ee 9 waxay ku jiraan qaybo kooban oo falanqaynaya Horudhac iyo wakhti, 2015 (oo dhan dheh daraasadda EEG runtii waxay heshay caado ama diidmo). Waraaqaha waxaa lagu taxay taarikhda la daabacay.

1) Neerjirnimada Internetka Qodobada Daaweynta Daaweynta Filimada ee Internetka: Dib-u-eegis iyo Dib-u-cusbooneyn (2015)

Soo-jeedi sharraxaad Horudhac iyo wakhti., 2015 (citation 309)

Daraasad kale oo EEG ah oo la xidhiidha saddex ka mida qoraayadii hore ayaa la daabacay [309]. Nasiib darro, daraasaddan cusubi waxa ay ka soo gaartay qaar badan oo ka mid ah arrimahan midka ah ee la mid ah tan hore [303]. Tusaale ahaan, waxay isticmaashay mawduuc baaxad leh, cilmi-baarayaashu waxay u shaqeeyeen su'aalo baaritaan ah oo aan loo ansixinin dadka isticmaala pornography ee internetka, iyo maadooyinka aan la baarin waxyaalihii kale ee mukhaadaraadka ama xanuunka niyadda.

Daraasadda cusub, Prause et al. marka la barbardhigo dhaqdhaqaaqa EEG ee daawadayaasha soo noqnoqda ee sawir-gacmeedka "pornography" ee internetka iyada oo la kantaroolayo iyada oo loo eego sawirrada galmada iyo dhexdhexaadinta [309]. Sida la filayo, LPP qiyaasta ilbiriqsiyo dhexdhexaad ah ayaa loo kordhiyay labada kooxood, inkastoo korodhka korodhka uu yaraa maadooyinka IPA. Ka filaow xajmiga weyn ee loogu talagalay daawadayaasha soo noqnoqda ee filimada internetka, qorayaashu waxay yiraahdeen, "Tani waxay ka muuqaneysaa ka duwan tahay moodalooyinka maandooriyaha maandooriyaha".

Inkasta oo korodhka ballaadhinta ERP ee jawaabta calaamadaha mukhaadaraadka ee qiyaas ahaan sawirro dhexdhexaad ah lagu arkay maaddooyinka walxaha mukhaadaraadka, baaritaanka hadda lama filayo, oo la jaanqaadaya natiijooyinka Kühn iyo Gallinat [263], kuwaas oo hela isticmaalo dheeraad ah oo la xidhiidha firfircooni yar oo maskaxeed oo looga jawaabayo sawirrada galmada. Qaybta wadahadalka, qorayaasha waxay soo xigteen Kühn iyo Gallinat waxayna bixiyaan habitansi ahaan sharaxaad sax ah ee qaabka hoose ee LPP. Si kastaba ha ahaatee sharaxaad dheeraad ah oo ay bixiso Kühn iyo Gallinat, waa, in kicinta xoog leh ay keeni karto isbeddelada neuroplastic. Gaar ahaan, pornography oo sarreeya ayaa la xidhiidha miisaanka miisaanka hoose ee muraayadda goryaanka, gobalka la xiriira arooska galmada iyo dhiirigelinta [265].

Waxaa muhiim ah in la ogaado in natiijooyinka Prause et al. waxay ku jireen jihada ka soo hor jeedda waxa ay filayeen [309]. Mid ka mid ah waxaa laga yaabaa inuu filo daawadayaal badan oo daawadaysta internetka iyo kumbuyuutarrada si ay u yeeshaan qiyaasaha LPP ee isku midka ah iyaga oo ka jawaabaya marxalado kooban oo muuqaal jinsi ah haddii isticmaalka quudinta ee muuqaalka pornography ee internetka uusan wax saameyn ah lahayn. Taa bedelkeeda, raadinta aan la filayn ee Prause et al. [309] waxay soo jeedinaysaa in dadka badanaa daawanaya filimada internetka ay ku habboontahay habdhaqanka. Mid ayaa si macquul ah u la mid ah tan si dulqaad ah. In adduunka maanta ah ee xawaaraha sare ee internetka, waxay u badan tahay in macaamiisha joogtada ah ee dadka isticmaala filimada internetka ay u egyihiin filimada galmada iyo fiidiyowyada sida looga hortagi karo weli. Filimada galmadu waxay soo saaraan fara-xannuun iyo nafsiyadeed oo ka badan sawirrada galmada [310] iyo daawashada filimada galmada waxay keeneysaa dulsaar yar iyo jawaab celinta jinsiga ee sawirrada galmada [311]. Wadashaqeynta, Prause et al., Iyo cilmi baarista Kühn iyo Gallinat waxay keenaysaa gabagabo macquul ah in dadka soo noqnoqda badan ee filimada internetka u baahanyihiin dhiirigelin muuqaal ah si loo dhaliyo jawaabaha maskaxda ee la barbar dhigi karo xakamaynta caafimaad qabta ama dadka isticmaala sigaarka.

Intaas waxaa dheer, bayaankii Prause et al. [309] in "Kuwani waa faahfaahinta ugu horraysa ee fiyadhaqaaqeed ee dadka ka warbixinaya dhibaatooyinka nidaamka VSS" waa dhibaato madaama ay ka baaraandegeyso cilmi-baaris hore loo daabacay [262,263]. Waxaa intaa dheer, waxaa muhiim ah in la ogaado in mid ka mid ah caqabadaha waaweyn ee qiimeynta maskaxda ee jawaabaha maskaxda ee internetka qaawan ee internetka ay tahay in fiirsashada dareenka galmada ay tahay dabeecadda la qabatimay. Taa bedelkeeda, daraasad ku saabsan cue-reactivity ee dadka cocaine addicts waxay isticmaalaan sawirrada la xidhiidha isticmaalka kookaynta (xariiqda cad ee muraayad), halkii ay maaddooyinka dhabta ah ku cunaan kookeynta. Maaddaama aragtida sawirrada galmada iyo fiidiyowga waa habdhaqan-takoorka, daraasadaha wax-qabadka maskaxda ee mustaqbalka ee dadka isticmaala filimada internetka waa inay ka taxadaraan naqshadeynta tijaabada ah iyo tarjumaadda natiijooyinka. Tusaale ahaan, marka la barbardhigo hal-labaad oo lagu soo bandhigo sawirrada weli loo isticmaalo Prause et al. [309], Voon vd. dooratay 9-fiidiyoow labaad oo fiidiyow ah oo ku yaala dabiicada cuna-qabatimeed si ay si aad ah isugu dhowaadaan dareenka porn-ka ee internetka [262]. Si ka duwan midka labaad ee lagu soo bandhigo sawirrada (Prause et al. [309]), oo lagu soo bandhigay 9-video labaad-kiciyeyaasha ah ayaa kor u qaadey maskaxdooda maskaxeed ee ka muuqda sawir-qaadayaasha culus ee sawir-qaadidda internetka oo ka badan intii lagu sameeyay hal sawir oo weli lagu sawiro. Waxay kaloo ku saabsantahay in qorayaashu ay ku soo gudbiyeen daraasadda Kühn iyo Gallinat, oo la sii daayay isla xilligii daraasadda Voon [262], weli ma aysan aqoonsan Voon vd. waxna ka baran karaan meel kasta oo ka mid ah warqaddooda inkastoo ay muhiim u yihiin.

2) Hoos u dhaca LPP ee loogu talagalay sawirrada galmada ee dadka isticmaala qaawan ee dhibaatada leh waxay la jaan qaadi karaan moodooyinka balwadda. Wax walba waxay kuxiran yihiin tusaalaha: Faallooyinka ku saabsan marxaladda, Steele, Staley, Sabatinelli, & Hajcak, 2015 (2016)

Biol Psychol. 2016 May 24. pii: S0301-0511 (16) 30182-X. doi: 10.1016 / j.biopsycho.2016.05.003.

Gola Matuesz¹. ¹Swartz Center for Neuroscience Heshiiska, Machadka Heshiiska Nulo, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA; Machadka Cilmi-nafsiga, Akadamiga Sayniska ee Sayniska, Warsaw, Poland. Cinwaanka elektarooniga [emailka waa la ilaaliyay].

Warqad buuxa

Tikniyoolajiyadda Internetku waxay siisaa fursad la awoodi karo oo qarsoodi ah oo loogu talagalay waxyaabo badan oo ka mid ah waxyaabaha qaawan (Cooper, 1998) Xogta karti-u-helka ah waxay muujineysaa in 67.6% ragga iyo 18.3% dumarka dhallinta yar yar ee deenishka ah (18-30 sano jir) ay u isticmaalaan sawir-gacmeedka si joogto ah usbuuc walba (Hald, 2006). Ardayda kulleejada ee Mareykanka waxaa ka mid ah 93.2% wiilasha iyo 62.1% gabdhuhu waxay daawanayeen filimada qaawan ee internetka ka hor inta aysan gaarin 18 (Sabina, Wolak, & Finkelhor, 2008). Inta badan isticmaaleyaasha, daawashada filimada qaawan waxay door ku leedahay madadaalada, xiisaha, iyo dhiirigelinta (Rothman, Kaczmarsky, Burke, Jansen, & Baughman, 2014) (Häggström-Nordin, Tydén, Hanson, & Larsson, 2009), laakiin qaar , Isticmaalka filimada sawirada badanaa waa isha dhibaatada (qiyaastii 8% ka mid ah dadka isticmaala marka loo eego Cooper et al., 1999) waxayna noqotaa sabab loo raadsado daaweyn (Delmonico iyo Carnes, 1999; Kraus, Potenza, Martino, & Grant, 2015; Gola, Lewczuk, & Skorko, 2016; Gola iyo Potenza, 2016). Caannimada baahsan iyo indha indheynta caafimaad ee is khilaafsan awgeed, isticmaalka qaawan waa arin muhiim ah oo bulshada ka dhexjirta, taas oo dareenka ugu badan ka heleysa warbaahinta, (tusaale ahaan, filimada muuqaalka sare leh: "Ceeb" waxaa leh McQueen iyo "Don Jon" ee Gordon-Levitt) iyo siyaasiyiinta (tusaale, ra'iisul wasaaraha UK David Cameron khudbadiisii ​​2013 ee ku saabsaneyd isticmaalka qaawan ee caruurta), iyo sidoo kale cilmi baarista neerfaha (Steele, Staley, Fong, & Prause, 2013; Kühn iyo Gallinat, 2014; Voon et al., 2014). su'aalaha ugu badan ee la isweydiiyo ayaa ah: in isticmaalka filimada qaawan uu noqon karo mid balwad leh?

Raadinta Prause, Steele, Staley, Sabatinelli, & Hajcak, (2015) oo lagu daabacay arrinta Juun ee cilmu-nafsiga cilmiga nafsiga ayaa soo gudbisa xog xiiso leh oo ku saabsan mowduucan. Cilmi baarayaashu waxay muujiyeen in ragga iyo dumarka ka warbixinaya dhibaatada qaawan ee filimmada (N = 55),1 (LPP) - waxay muujinaysaa suurta galnimada dhacdada EEG ee la xidhiidha muhiimadda iyo aamusnaanteeda shakhsi ahaaneed ee calaamadaha) marka la barbardhigo muuqaalada galmada, marka la barbardhigo jawaabaha kantaroolka. Waxa kale oo ay muujiyaan in dadka isticmaala filimada qallafsan ee leh rabitaanka galmada ee sareeya ay leeyihiin farqi yar oo LPP ah oo loogu talagalay sawirrada galmada iyo kuwa aan jinsiga ahayn. Qorayaashu waxay soo gabagabeeyeen: "Natiijadan qaab-dhismeedkani waxay u muuqataa mid aan ku habooneyn saadaalooyin ay samaysay qaababka mukhadaraadka" (p. 196) waxayna ku dhawaaqday gabagabada cinwaanka maqaalkiisa: "Isbedelka mustaqbalka wanaagsan ee muuqaalada galmada ee dadka isticmaala dhibaatooyinka iyo kontaroolka "Miyir qabka".

Nasiib darrose, qoraalkooda, Horudhac iyo wakhti. (2015) si cad uma qeexin nooca mukhaadaraadka ay tijaabinayaan. Natiijooyinka la soo bandhigay markii la tixgeliyey ee la xidhiidha moodooyinka ugu aasaasiga ah ama ha keenin xaqiijin cad oo ku saabsan mala awaalka in isticmaalka qaawan ee dhibaatada leh ay tahay balwad (sida haddii ay tahay Aragtida Saamaynta Dhiirrigelinta; Robinson iyo Berridge, 1993; Robinson, Fischer, Ahuja, Lesser, & Maniates, 2015) ama taageer mala-awaalkan (sida haddii ay dhacdo Abaalmarinta Abaalmarinta Abaalmarinta; Blum et al., 1996; 1996; Blum, Badgaiyan, & Gold, 2015). Hoos waxaan ku sharaxayaa faahfaahin.

Cinwaanka Waraaqaha: Swartz Center for Neuroscience Computational Neuroscience, Machadka Heshiiska Neural, Jaamacadda California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093-0559, USA. Cinwaanka emailka: [emailka waa la ilaaliyay]

1 Waa lagama maarmaan in la ogaado in qoraagu uu soo bandhigo natiijooyinka haweenka iyo haweenka ee wadajir ah, halka daraasadihii dhowaa ay muujinayaan in qiimayaasha muuqaalka galmada ee jimicsiga iyo qiimaha ay si wayn ugu kala duwan yihiin gingers (eeg: Wierzba et al., 2015)

2 Fikradaan waxaa taageersan xaqiiqda ah tixraacyada loo isticmaalo Prause et al. (2015) ayaa sidoo kale tixraacaya IST (ie, Wölfling et al., 2011

Waa maxay sababta qaabdhismeedka iyo falsafadda cad

Iyadoo lagu saleynayo isticmaalka badan ee ereyga "cue-reactivity" by qorayaasha waxaan u malayn karnaa in qorayaashu ay maskaxda ku hayaan Sheeko Sare (IST) oo ay soo jeedisay Robinson iyo Berridge (Berridge, 2012; Robinson et al., 2015).2 Qaab-dhismeedka qaab-dhismeedku wuxuu kala saarayaa laba qaybood oo aasaasi ah oo dabeecad dhiirrigelin ah - "doonaya" iyo "jeclaan". Qaybta dambe waxay si toos ah ugu xiran tahay qiimaha khibradda leh ee abaalmarinta, halka tan hore ay la xiriirto qiimaha la filayo ee abaalmarinta, oo sida caadiga ah lagu cabiro xiriir la leh calaamadda saadaasha. Marka la eego barashada Pavlovian, abaalmarintu waa dhiirrigelin aan shuruud lahayn (UCS) iyo tilmaamaha la xiriira abaalmarintan iyada oo loo marayo barashada waa dhiirrigelin shuruudaysan (CS). CSs-ka bartay waxay helayaan dhiirigelin dhiirrigelin ah waxayna kicinayaan "rabitaan", oo ka muuqda habdhaqanka dhiirrigelinta (Mahler iyo Berridge, 2009; Robinson & Berridge, 2013). Sidaa darteed waxay ku helaan guryo la mid ah sida abaalmarinta lafteeda. Tusaale ahaan digaag guurguur ah oo raba inuu ku dayo shay terrycloth ah (CS) oo hore loogu lammaaneeyey fursad uu kula midoobi lahaa digaagduur dumar ah (UCS), xitaa haddii haween dhab ah la heli karo (Cetinkaya iyo Domjan, 2006)

Sida laga soo xigtay IST, qabatinka waxaa lagu gartaa "rabitaan" kordhay (falcelin sare oo la xiriirta cue; ie sare LPP) iyo hoos udhaca "jeclaanta" (yareynta falcelinta la xiriirta abaalmarinta; ie LPP hoose). Si loo fasiro xogta ku jirta qaab-dhismeedka IST cilmi-baarayaashu waa inay si cad u kala-saaraan calaamadaha la xiriira "doonista" iyo abaalmarinta la xiriirta "jeclaanta Tijaabooyinka tijaabada ah ee tijaabada labadaba waxay soo bandhigaan tilmaamo iyo abaalmarino kala duwan (ie Flagel et al., 2011; Sescousse, Barbalat, Domenech, & Dreher, 2013; Gola, Miyakoshi, & Sescousse, 2015). Horudhac iyo wakhti. (2015) halkii loo isticmaali lahaa qaab tijaabo ah oo aad u fudud, taas oo maadooyinka ay si muuqata u daawanayaan sawirro kala duwan oo leh waxyaabaha galmada iyo kuwa aan galmada ahayn. Qaabka fudud ee tijaabada ah su'aasha muhiimka ah ee laga qabo aragtida IST waa: Sawirrada jinsiga ma sameeyaan kaalinta calaamadaha (CS) ama abaalmarinta (UCS)? Sidaas daraadeed: Miyuu LPP qiyaasaa ka tarjumayaa "rabitaan" ama "jecel"?

Qorayaashu waxay u maleynayaan in sawirrada galmada ay yihiin tilmaamo, halkaana tarjumaadda hore loo yareeyay LPP sida cabbirka dhimista “rabitaanka.” Yaraynta “rabitaanka” marka loo eego tilmaamaha runtiina waa mid aan ku habboonayn qaabka qabatinka IST. Laakiin daraasado badan ayaa muujinaya in sawirada galmada aysan ahayn tilmaam. Waxay ku abaal marinayaan naftooda (Oei, Rombouts, Soeter, van Gerven, & Labadaba, 2012; Stoléru, Fonteille, Cornélis, Joyal, & Moulier, 2012; dib loo eegay: Sescousse, Caldú, Segura, & Dreher, 2013; Stoléru et al., 2012). Daawashada sawirrada galmada waxay kicinaysaa waxqabadka ventral striatum (nidaamka abaalmarinta) waxqabadka (Arnowet al., 2002; Demos, Heatherton, & Kelley, 2012; Sabatinelli, Bradley, Lang, Costa, & Versace, 2007; Stark et al., 2005; Wehrum-Osinskyet al., 2014), sii deynta dopamine (Meston iyo McCall, 2005) iyo labadaba is-sheegis iyo ujeedo ujecel galmada (dib u eegis: Chivers, Seto, Lalumière, Laan, & Grimbos, 2010).

Astaamaha abaalmarinta ee sawirrada galmada waxaa laga yaabaa inay noqdaan kuwo loo aaneeyo xaqiiqda ah in jinsiga (sida cuntada) ay tahay abaalmarin aasaasi ah. Laakiin xitaa haddii midkood diido dabeecadda abaalmarinta ah ee noocaas ah, sifooyinka abaalmarinta ee kicinta erotic ayaa lagu heli karaa barashada Pavlovian awgeed. Xaaladaha dabiiciga ah awgood, dareenka muuqaalka erotic (sida xaaska qaawan ama fiidiyowga qaawan) ayaa laga yaabaa inay tahay calaamadda (CS) ee ku saabsan waxqabadka galmada ee u horseedaya khibrada ugu sarreysa (UCS) taasoo ka dhalatay labada jinsi ee dyadic ah ama masturbo keli ah oo la socota isticmaalka filimada. Intaa waxaa sii dheer marka la eego isticmaalka qaawan ee soo noqnoqda, dareenka muuqaalka galmada (CS) wuxuu si xoog leh ula xiriiraa orgasmka (UCS) waxaana laga yaabaa inuu helo hanti abaalmarin ah (UCS; Mahler iyo Berridge, 2009; Robinson & Berridge, 2013) ka dibna u horseedi kara ( indho-indheynta sawir-gacmeedka) iyo dabeecadaha cunsuriyada leh (ie, saacadaha daawashada kahor intaadan gaarin heerka).

Iyadoo aan loo eegin qiimaha abaalmarinta dabiiciga ah ama la bartay, daraasadaha ayaa muujinaya in sawirada galmada ay dhiirrigelinayaan naftooda, xitaa iyada oo aan suurtagal ahayn in ugu dambeyntii la gaaro. Markaa waxay leeyihiin qiimo gaar ah oo bini aadamnimo (Prévost, Pessiglione, Météreau, Cléry-Melin, & Dreher, 2010) iyo sidoo kale rhesus macaques (Deaner, Khera, & Platt, 2005) .Qiyamkooda abaalmarinta xitaa waa lagu kordhin karaa tijaabo dejinta, halkaasoo khibrad heer sare ah (UCS dabiici ah) aan la heli karin, sida ku jirta daraasadda 'Prause et al.'s (2015) ("ka qaybgalayaasha daraasaddan waxaa la faray inaysan siigaysan inta hawshu socoto", p. 197). Sida laga soo xigtay Berridge, xaaladdu waxay saameyn ku leedahay saadaalinta abaalmarinta (Berridge, 2012). Sidaa darteed, maadaama aysan jirin wax kale oo raaxo leh oo aan ahayn sawirrada galmada halkaan laga heli karo, daawashada sawirradu waxay ahayd abaalmarintii ugu dambaysay (halkii si fudud loo heli lahaa).

LPP-ga oo hoos u dhac ku yimid abaalmarinta galmada ee dadka isticmaala masawirada maskaxda ah waxay ku xiran tahay moodooyinka takoorka

Dhamaan xisaabta kor ku xusan iyada oo la tixgelinayo waxaan u maleyn karnaa in sawirada galmada ee Horudhac iyo wakhti. (2015) daraasad, halkii laga noqon lahaa tilmaamo, waxaa laga yaabaa inay door ka ciyaartay abaalmarino. Hadday sidaas tahay, sida ku cad qaab-dhismeedka IST, hoos u dhig LPP ee loogu talagalay galmada iyo sawirrada aan galmoodka ahayn ee dadka isticmaala filimada dhibaatada leh iyo maadooyinka leh rabitaan galmo sare ayaa runtii ka tarjumeysa "jeclaanta". Natiijada noocan oo kale ah waxay la socotaa qaabka balwadda ee ay soo jeediyeen Berridge iyo Robinson (Berridge, 2012; Robinson et al., 2015). Si kastaba ha noqotee, si buuxda loo xaqiijiyo qiyaasta maandooriyaha ee ku jirta qaab-dhismeedka IST, daraasado tijaabo ah oo horumarsan, kala-soocidda calaamadaha iyo abaalmarinta ayaa loo baahan yahay. Tusaale wanaagsan oo ah qaab tijaabo ah oo si fiican loo qaabeeyey ayaa loo adeegsaday daraasado ku saabsan khamaarayaasha Sescousse, Redouté, & Dreher (2010). Waxay shaqaalaysiisay baaqyo lacageed iyo jinsiyeed (dhiirrigelin astaamo ah) iyo abaalmarinno cad (guulaha lacageed ama sawirrada galmada). Sababtoo ah la'aanta tilmaamo si wanaagsan loo qeexay iyo abaalmarino Hor et al. (2015) daraasad, doorka sawirada galmada wali ma cadda sidaa darteedna la helay saameynta LPP ayaa mugdi ku jirta qaabka IST. Xaqiijinta gabagabada ee lagu soo bandhigay cinwaanka daraasadda “Is-beddelka awoodaha wanaagsan ee soo daaha ee sawirrada galmada ee dadka isticmaala dhibaatada iyo xakameynta aan ku habboonayn“ qabatinka sigaar-cabbista ”waa mid aan sal lahayn marka loo eego IST

Haddii aan qaadanno habka kale ee macaamiisha ee caan ah - Abaalmarinta Cilladda Jirrada (RDS, Blum et al., 1996, 2015) xogta ay heshay qorayaashu waxay dhab ahaantii ku hadlaan ficil-celinta khatarta. Qalabka RDS waxay u maleyneysaa in qiyaasta hiddaha ay tahay in ay hoos u dhigto jawaabta dopaminergic ee loogu talagalay dhiirigelinta dhiirigelinta (oo lagu muujiyay hoos u dhaca BOLD iyo falcelinta elektrofirriyooloji) waxay la xiriirtaa dareen-raadinta, dareenka iyo khatarta sare ee takoorku. Natiijooyinka qoraallada ee LPP-ka hooseeya ee dadka isticmaala filimada maskaxeed ayaa si buuxda ula jaanqaadaya habka takoorka RDS. Haddii Prause et al. (2015) waxay tijaabiyeen qaar ka mid ah hababka kale, oo aan si fiican loo yaqaan IST ama RDS, waxay noqon lahayd mid aad u fiican in ay si kooban u soo bandhigaan shaqadooda.

Hadalkii u dambeeyay

Daraasada ay sameeyeen Prause et al. (2015) waxay bixisaa macluumaad xiiso leh oo ku saabsan isticmaalka suntan masiibada ah.3 Hase yeeshee, sababtoo ah la'aanta caddaynta caddaynta caddaynta ee khatarta ah ee tijaabada ah ayaa la tijaabiyay oo aan si cad u qeexneyn (tijaabo adag oo lagu qeexayo kaalinta sawirrada erotic), suurtagal maaha in la sheego haddii natiijooyinka la soo bandhigay ay ka soo horjeedaan, ama ujeedadu tahay, "Qaadashada filimada sawir-qaadashada." Daraasado imtixaan oo dheeri ah oo leh sharaxyo si fiican loo qeexay ayaa loo yeeraa. Nasiib darro nooca cad ee Prause et al. (2015) wuxuu horay u lahaa saameyn ku yeelashada warbaahinta, 4 oo sidaas lagu soo koobay gabagabadii cilmi ahaaneed ee aan caqli-gal ahayn. Maaddaama muhiimada mujtamaca iyo siyaasadda ee mowduucyada saameynta sawirrada "pornography", cilmi-baarayaashu waa inay soo qaataan gunaanad mustaqbalka leh taxadar dheeraad ah. (xoogga la saaro)

3 Waa u qalantaa in la ogaado in Prause et al. (2015) dadka isticmaala dhibaatooyinka ayaa isticmaala cabsida saafiga ee celcelis ahaan 3.8 h / usbuucii (SD = 1.3) waxay u dhowdahay kuwa isticmaala pornography dhibaatooyinka aan qallafsanayn ee Kühn iyo Gallinat (2014) oo isticmaala celceliska 4.09 h / usbuuc (SD = 3.9) . Gudaha Voon et al. (2014) Isticmaalayaasha dhibaatada haysta waxay soo sheegeen 1.75 h / usbuuc (SD = 3.36) iyo dhibaatada 13.21 h / usbuuc (SD = 9.85) - xogta ay soo bandhigtay Voon intii lagu jiray shirkii Sayniska Cilmi-nafsiga ee Maraykanka May 2015.

4 Tusaalooyinka mawduucyada articles ee caanka ah ee ku saabsan Prause et al. (2015): "Pornku maaha mid waxyeello u leh maandooriyeyaasha kale, daraasaddaha daraasaddan" (http://metro.co.uk/2015/07/04/porn-is-not-as-harmful-as-other-as-harmful-as-otherms-addictions- cilmi-sheegasho-5279530 /), "Maaddadaada Caddaanka ah ee Maadaag Maaha Real" (http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/06/26/your-porn-addiction-isn-t-real-real.html) , "Maandooriyeyaasha Porn 'Ma ahan Ma-takoorid, Dhakhaatiirta Dhakhaatiirta" (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/06/30/porn-addiction- n7696448.html)

tixraacyada

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3) Nuuriyoolojiyada Dabeecadda Isku Galmoodka Isku Galmoodka: Sayniska Soo Saarista (2016)

Faallooyin: Iyadoo warqadani kooban tahay oo kooban kooban, waxaa ku jira dhowr aragti muhiim ah. Tusaale ahaan, waxay sheegaysaa in labadaba Horudhac iyo wakhti, 2015 iyo Kuhn & Gallinat, 2014 soo sheeg natiijo isku mid ah: isticmaalka xayeysiiska oo sii ballaadhan oo ku habboon raasamaal badan. Labada cilmibaaris ayaa sheegay hoose dhaqdhaqaaqa maskaxda oo wax ka qabta sawirrada gaaban ee piano. Qodobada soo socda "Hoos-u-dhicitaan" oo soo-dhawaansho ah "waxaa loola jeedaa natiijooyinka EEG ee Horudhac iyo wakhti.:

"Taa bedelkeeda, Daraasadaha dadka caafimaadka leh waxay soo jeedinayaan kaalin ku saabsan habdhaqan la xoojiyey iyada oo la isticmaalayo isticmaalka xad-dhaafka ah ee filimada. Ragga ragga ah, ayaa kordhay waqtigii la daawaday daawashada filimada sawir-qaadka ah ee la xidhiidha firfircoonida hoose ee bidix si sawirro muuqaal ah (Kühn iyo Gallinat, 2014). Dhaqdhaqaaqa suurtagalka ah ee soo-daahiddii dambe ee muuqaalka sawirada muuqaalka ah ayaa lagu arkay maadooyin ay isticmaalaan isticmaalka sigaarka. (xoogga la saaro)

Warqad ayaa sheegaya in labadaba Horudhac iyo wakhti, 2015 iyo Kuhn & Gallinat, 2014 helay habeyn in badan oo isticmaala sigaarka.

Faallo buuxa:

Habdhaqanka galmada ee qasabka ah (CSB) waxaa lagu gartaa xayiraad, niyad xumo, naafonimo bulsho / shaqo la'aan, iyo cudurada nafsaaniga ah. Maqnaanshaha CSB waxaa lagu qiyaasay hareeraha 3-6%, iyadoo leh ragga. Inkasta oo aan ku jirin DSM-5, CSB waxaa lagu ogaan karaa ICD-10 oo ah xakamaynta xakameynta kicinta. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dooddu waxay ka jirtaa kala soocidda CSB (tusaale ahaan, sida xannibaad isdabajoog ah, qalab uur-jiifsan, xatooyo, ama sii wadida dabeecada galmada ee caadiga ah).

Caddaynta hordhaca ahi waxay soo jeedinaysaa in dopamine uu wax ku biirin karo CSB. Cudurka Parkinson (PD), daawooyinka dopamine beddelidda (Levo-dopa, agagaaraha dopamine) ayaa lala xiriiriyay CSB iyo cudurada kale ee kantaroolka ah (Weintraub et al, 2010). Daraasado tiro yar oo la adeegsanayo naltrexone ayaa taageeraya waxtarkeeda yareynta dhiirigelinta iyo dabeecadaha la xidhiidha CSB (Raymond et al, 2010), iyada oo la waafajin karo isbedelka opioidergic ee falgalka dopamine mesolimbic ee yareynta CSB. Waqtigaan, baaritaanada neurochiimka, iyo tijaabooyinka dawada ayaa loo baahan yahay, si ballaadhan loogu fahmo CSB.

Hawlaha dhiirigelinta dhiiri galinta waxay la xiriiraan fal-dambiyeedka jinsiga. CSB-ka non-CSB-yada waxay leeyihiin firfircooni galmo-badis ah oo ah baalal-gashi, maqaar-gucad ah, iyo amygdala (Voon et al, 2014). Maaddooyinka CSB, isku xirnaanta shaqeynta ee shabakadan la xidhiidha rabitaanka jinsiga la xidhiidha, taas oo markaa ka dhigaysa natiijooyinka helitaanka mukhaadaraadka daroogada (Voon et al, 2014). Ragga kale ee CSB waxay muujinayaan indho-indheyn indho-indheyn ah oo muujinaysa sheekooyin fara badan, oo muujinaya hor-u-marinta wax-ka-qabashada fiiro gaar ah sida maadooyinka (Mechelmans et al, 2014). Cudurrada CSB-yada aan-CSB-da bukaansocodka, soo-bandhigista astaamaha pornographic waxay kor u qaadeen firfircoonida taranka, xarkaha iyo kortexdoortiga, waxay kaloo ku xiran yihiin rabitaanka galmada (Politis et al, 2013). Daraasad sawir-yar oo sawir-qaadis yar-yar ayaa muujinaysa isbeddellada hore ee CSB-ka ee aan ragga aan CSB ahayn (Miner et al, 2009).

In khaldan, daraasaadka dadka caafimaadka leh waxay soo jeedinayaan kaalin loogu talagalay habdhaqan la xoojiyey iyada oo la isticmaalayo isticmaalka xad-dhaafka ah ee filimada. Ragga ragga ah, ayaa kordhay waqtigii la daawaday daawashada filimada sawir-qaadka ah ee la xidhiidha firfircoonida hoose ee bidix si sawirro muuqaal ah (Kühn iyo Gallinat, 2014). Dhaqdhaqaaqa wanaagsan ee mustaqbalka sawirada sawir-gacmeedka waxaa lagu arkay maaddooyinka isticmaala isticmaalka suntan maskaxda ah. Natiijooyinkan, marka laga reebo, ma aha mid aan la isku hallayn karin. Habdhaqanka sawirrada muuqaalka leh ee la xidhiidha calaamadaha muuqaalka ayaa laga yaabaa in kor loogu qaado shakhsiyaadka caafimaadka qaba isticmaalka xad dhaafka ah; halka maadooyinka CSB ay isticmaalaan isticmaalka daran / quudin-darro ayaa laga yaabaa inay kor u qaadaan fal-dambiyeedka cuna.

Inkastoo daraasadihii hore ee neuroimaging ay soo jeediyeen qaar ka mid ah qaababka neerobiological ee CSB, natiijooyinkaas waa in lagu daaweeyo xaddidaadaha habboon ee habka loo isticmaalo (tusaale ahaan, tiro yar oo tusaalo ah, naqshado dhinacyo kala duwan ah, maaddooyinka oo keliya, iyo wixii la mid ah). Baaxaadaha hadda jira ee cilmi-baarista ayaa leh dhibaatooyin adag oo la xidhiidha go'aanka ugu wayn ee CSB-yada ugu habboon loo tixgeliyo maandooriye ama maahan. Cilmi-baadhis dheeraad ah ayaa loo baahan yahay si loo fahmo sida qaababka neurobiinku ula xidhiidho tallaabooyinka caafimaad ee la xidhiidha sida daaweynta natiijooyinka CSB. Kala soocista CSB oo ah 'qabatinka dabeecadda' waxay saameyn weyn ku yeelanaysaa dadaallada siyaasadda, ka hortagga iyo daaweynta; Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xilligan, baaritaanku wuxuu ku jiraa dhallintiisa. Marka la eego qaar ka mid ah noocyada udhexeeya CSB iyo mukhaadaraadka daroogada, waxqabadyada waxtarka leh ee ku-takooridda waxay ballan qaad u noqon kartaa CSB, si ay u bixiyaan aragti ku saabsan tilmaamaha cilmi-baarista ee mustaqbalka si ay u baaraan suurta galnimada si toos ah. (xoogga la saaro)

1. Kühn S, Gallinat J (2014). Qaabdhismeedka maskaxda iyo isku xirnaanta ficil ahaaneed ee la xidhiidha isticmaalka pornography: maskaxda ku jirta porno. JAMA Mental Disorder 71: 827-834.

2. Mechelmans DJ, Irvine M, Banca P, Porter L, Mitchell S, Mole TB iyo al (2014). Fikrado foojignaan leh oo loogu talagalay calaamadaha muujinaya galmada ee shakhsiyaadka leh oo aan lahayn dabeecado galmo qasab ah. Qulqulka 9: e105476.

3. Miner MH, Raymond N, Mueller BA, Lloyd M, Lim KO (2009). Baaritaan hordhac ah oo ku saabsan dabeecadaha aan fiicnayn iyo neuroanatomiga ee dabeecadaha galmada ee qasabka ah. Dhibaatooyinka Maskaxda ee 174: 146-151.

4. Siyaasadda M, Loane C, Wu K, O'Sullivan SS, Woodhead Z, Kiferle L et al (2013). Jawaabta maskaxda ee calaamadaha jinsiga ee muuqaalka ah ee daaweynta dopamine-ku xiran oo ku xiran cudurada Parkinson. Maskax 136: 400-411.

5. Raymond NC, Grant JE, Coleman E (2010). Kordhinta naltrexone si loo daaweeyo dhaqanka galmada ee qasabka ah: kiis kiis. Xanuunada maskaxda Ann Clin 22: 55-62.

6. Voon V, Mole TB, Banca P, Porter L, Morris L, Mitchell S et al (2014). Neerashadu waxay xiriir la leeyihiin fal-celinta jinsiga ee shakhsiyaadka leh oo aan laheyn dabeecad galmo oo khasab ah. Qulqulka 9: e102419.

7. Weintraub D, Koester J, Potenza MN, Siderowf AD, Stacy M, Voon V et al (2010). Cudurrada xakamaynta ee xakamaynta cudurada Parkinson: Daraasad isdhaafsasho ah ee bukaanka 3090. Arch Neurol 67: 589-595. Baadhitaanada Neuropsychopharmacology (2016) 41, 385-386; doi: 10.1038 / npp.2015.300

4) Miyay tahay habdhaqanka galmada ee qasab ah in loo tixgeliyo maandooriyaha? (2016)

Faallooyin: Dib u eegistaan, sida waraaqaha kale, ayaa sheegay in Horudhac iyo wakhti., 2015 waxay la socotaa Kühn & Gallinat, 2014 (Citation 72) taas oo ka dhigtay in isticmaalka suufka badani uu xiriir la leeyahay firfircooni yar oo maskaxeed oo looga jawaabayo sawirrada porno-vanilla.

Sifee sharaxaadda Horudhac iyo wakhti., 2015 (cit 73):

Taa bedelkeeda, daraasado kale oo diiradda saaraya shaqsiyaadka aan lahayn CSB ayaa waxay xoojiyeen doorka habdhaqanka. Ragga aan CSB-yada ahayn, taariikhda dheer ee filimada sawir-qaadista ayaa la xidhiidhay jawaabaha hoose ee bidixda sawirrada muuqaalka sawir-gacmeedka, oo soo jeedinaya hoos u dhigis [72]. Sidoo kale, marka la eego dhacdooyinka la xiriirta ragga iyo haweenka aan lahayn CSB, kuwa soo sheegaaya isticmaalka dhibaatada pornography waxay u muuqataa inay suuragal tahay in la soo daayo sawirro muuqaal ah oo qaawan oo ku saabsan kuwa aan sheegin isticmaalka dhibaatada. Awoodaha dambe ee soo-jireenka ahi waxay badanaa ku kordhinayaan jawaabta daroogada daroogada ee daraasadaha mukhaadaraadka [73]. Natiijooyinkaas waxay ka soo horjeedaan, laakiin maaha kuwo aan ku habboonayn, warbixinta waxqabadka kobcinta ee cilmibaarista FMRI ee maadooyinka CSB; Daraasadu waxay ku kala duwan yihiin noocyada dareenka, habka qiyaasta iyo qiyaasta dadweynaha ee waxbarashada. Cilmi-baarista CSB waxay isticmaalaan fiidiyowyo aan muuqan marka loo eego sawirrada soo noqnoqda; Heerka firfircoonaanta ayaa lagu muujiyay in ay ku kala duwan yihiin fiidiyowyada iyo sawirada iyo habitunku way kala duwanaan karaan iyadoo ku xiran dareenkooda. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, kuwa ka warbixinaya isticmaalka dhibaatada ee daraasaddaha la xidhiidha dhacdooyinka dhacdooyinka, saacadaha isticmaalka ayaa ahaa mid hooseeya [dhibaatada: 3.8, isbedelka heerka (SD) = 1.3 oo ka soo horjeeda xakamaynta: 0.6, SD = 1.5 saacadaha / usbuuca] marka la barbardhigo cilmi baarista fBRI CSBI (CSB: 13.21, SD = 9.85 oo ka soo horjeeda xakamaynta: 1.75, SD = 3.36 saacado / toddobaad). Sidaa awgeed, habeyntu waxay la xiriiri kartaa isticmaalka guud, iyadoo la isticmaalayo isticmaalka daran ee la xidhiidha dabiiciga waxqabadka leh. Daraasado dheeraad ah oo dheeraad ah ayaa looga baahan yahay in lagu baaro kala duwanaanshahan. (xoogga la saaro)

5) Miyuu Pornography Internet ka keenayaa Dhibaatooyinka Galmada? Dib-u-eegis Warbixin Caafimaad (2016)

Faallooyin: Dib u eegistaan, sida waraaqaha kale, ayaa sheegay in Horudhac iyo wakhti., 2015 waxay la socotaa Kühn & Gallinat, 2014 (Citation 72) taas oo ka dhigtay in isticmaalka suufka badani uu xiriir la leeyahay firfircooni yar oo maskaxeed oo looga jawaabayo sawirrada porno-vanilla.

Falanqee baaritaanka Prause et al., 2015 (citation 130):

A 2015 EEG daraasad ay sameeyaan Prause et al. marka la barbardhigo daawadayaal badan oo sawir-qaadayaal ah oo ka muuqda sawir-gacmeedka (xNUMX h / usbuuc) kuwaas oo ay ka xumaatay aragtidooda ku aaddan xakamaynta (macnaha xNUMX h / usbuuc) markay arkeen sawirrada galmada (3.8)130]. Marka la eego taas oo isbarbardhigaysa Kühn iyo Gallinat, dadka soo bandhiga filimada internetka ee soo noqnoqda waxay muujinayaan firfircooni yar ee neerfaha (LPP) ee sawirrada jinsiga marka loo eego kontaroolada [130]. Natiijooyinka labada cilmibaaris waxay soo jeedinayaan in inta badan daawadayaasha pornography ee internetka ay u baahan yihiin kicin muuqaal ah oo muuqaal ah si loo dhaliyo jawaabaha maskaxda marka la barbardhigo kantaroolka caafimaadka leh ama dadka isticmaala qatarta internetka ee qatarta ah [167,168]. Intaa ka sokow, Kühn iyo Gallinat waxay soo warisay in ficil-barashada internetka ee sareeya ay la xidhiidhaan xiriirinta hawlaha hoose ee udhexeeya garaafka iyo kiliyaha hore. Kala soocida wareegtadani waxay la xiriirtay doorashooyin aan haboonayn oo aan habooneyn iyadoon loo eegin natiijooyinka taban [169]. Iyadoo la raacayo Kühn iyo Gallinat, cilmi baaris ku salaysan dareemayaasha ayaa sheegaya in mawduucyada aad u sarreeya ee ku xirnaanshaha daawada cybersex ay hoos u dhigtay hawlaha kormeerka fulinta marka ay la kulmayaan walax [53,114]. (xoogga la saaro)

6) "Maqnaanshaha iyo Tilmaamaha Dareenka ee Dareenka: Ma Waxay U Kala Bedelaan Caadi Jarida Filimada" (2017)

Faallooyin: Daraasaddan EEG ee daraasaadka dadka isticmaala xayawaanka ayaa sheegay in 3 Nicole Prause EEG daraasado. Qorayaashu waxay aaminsan yihiin in dhammaan baadhitaanada XEUMX Proose EEG ay dhab ahaantii ka heleen dharbaaxid ama habeyn ay isticmaalaan dadka isticmaala xariifadaha badanaa (taas oo inta badan ku dhacda qabatinka). Ka-soo-baxyada ka hooseeya xaashida 3 waxay muujinayaan daraasadaha horey loo yaqaan 'Nicole Prause EEG' (#8 waa Horudhac, iyo 2015):

• 7 - Waqtiga, N .; Steele, VR; Staley, C .; Sabatinelli, D. Xaqiiqda wanaagsan ee suuragal ah in lagu muujiyo sawirrada galmada ee la xidhiidha tirada lamaanaha galmada ee galmada. Soc. Cogn. Saameyn. Neurosc. 2015, 10, 93-100.
• 8 - Waqtiga, N.; Steele, VR; Staley, C .; Sabatinelli, D .; Hajcak, G. Iskuduwidda fursadaha dambe ee muuqaalka sawirrada galmada ee dadka isticmaala dhibaatada iyo kontaroolida "kufsiga foosha". Biol. Psychol. 2015, 109, 192-199.
• 14 - Steele, VR; Staley, C .; Fong, T .; Marxaladda, N. Rabitaanka galmada, ee aan ahayn isku-dheelitir la'aanta, waxay la xiriirtaa jawaabaha neerfyowga ee lagu soo bandhigo sawirrada galmada. Dhibaatada Dammaanadda. Neurosci. Psychol. 2013, 3, 20770

Qodobada tilmaamaya Horudhac iyo wakhti., 2015 (cit 8):

Awoodda la xiriirta dhacdooyinka (ERPs) ayaa inta badan loo adeegsadaa sida cabbirka jirka ee falcelinta dareenka shucuurta, sida, [24]. Daraasadaha Isticmaalka xogta ERP waxay u muuqdaan kuwo diirada saaraya saamaynta ERP ee dambe sida P300 [14] iyo Awoodda Lagu Habboonayo (LPP) [7, 8] marka ay baarayaan shakhsiyaadka aragta sawirada. Nidaamyadan dambe ee Doommada ERP waxaa loo aaneeyey hababka fahamka sida xusuusta iyo xusuusta shaqada (P300) [25] iyo sidoo kale sii wadida joogtaynta dareenka maskaxeed ee ku haboon (LPP) [26]. Steele et al. [14] waxay muujisay in farqiga u dhexeeya P300 ee muuqaalka u dhaxeeya daawashada sawirrada muuqaalka galmoodka ah ee qiyaasta dhexdhexaad ah ay si xun u la xidhiidhaan tallaabooyinka rabitaanka galmada, ayna saameyn ku lahayn kaqeybgalayaashu 'hypersexuality'. Qorayaashu waxay soo jeediyeen in natiijadan taban ay ugu wacan tahay sawirada aan muujinaynin wax muqaal ah oo udub dhexaad u ah kooxda kaqaybgalayaasha, sida kaqeybgalayaasha oo dhan waxay soo sheegeen inay arkeen qadar sare oo ah walxaha pornographic, taas oo keeneysa in la xakameeyo qaybta P300. Qorayaashu waxay soo jeediyeen in laga yaabo inay eegaan in laga yaabo in ay eegaan LPP-ka dambe ee dhici karta inay bixiso qalab wax ku ool ah, maadaama ay muujisay in la muujiyo geeddi-socodka dhiirrigelinta. Daraasad lagu baarayo saamaynta isticmaalka pornography ayaa ku jirta LPP waxay muujisay in qiyaasta LPP ee guud ahaan ay ka yartahay ka qaybgalayaasha kuwaasi oo soo sheegaya inay yeeshaan rabitaan jinsiyeed iyo dhibaatooyin hareeraynaya aragtida ay ka hayaan waxyaabaha qaawan [7, 8]. Natiijadaani lama filaan ah, iyada oo daraasado badan oo kale ee la qabatimay ee mukhaadaraadka ay muujiyeen in marka la soo bandhigo hawlaha dareenka la xiriira ee la xiriira, shakhsiyaadka soo sheegaaya dhibaatooyinka gorgortankooda ku dheehan inta badan waxay muujiyaan dalabyo waaweyn oo LPP ah marka ay soo bandhigeen sawiradooda khuseeya qabatinka khaaska ah ee soocaya [27]. Horudhac iyo wakhti. [7, 8] waxay soo jeediyaan talooyin ku saabsan sida isticmaalka ficil-celinta ay sababi karto saameyno yar yar ee LPP iyagoo soo jeedinaya in laga yaabo inay sabab u tahay saameynta dhaqan-gelinta, marka ka-qaybgalayaasha daraasadda ka-soo-warbixinta xad-dhaafka ah ee walxaha pornografu ay si aad ah uga sarreeyaan xaddiga saacadaha lagu eegayo daawashada sawirrada pornographic .

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Daraasaduhu waxay si joogta ah u muujiyeen hoos u dhigista nafsaaniga ah ee lagu hirgelinayo waxyaabo macquul ah sababtuna tahay saameynta hab nololeedka ee shakhsiyaadka si joogta ah u raadsanaya waxyaabaha qaawan [3, 7, 8]. Waa murashaxa qoraa ee ah in saameyntani ay xisaabtami karto natiijooyinka la arkay.

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Daraasadaha mustaqbalka waxaa laga yaabaa inay u baahdaan inay isticmaalaan macluumaadka cusub ee casriga ah si ay u xisaabtamaan dhaqamada. Sidoo kale, waxaa laga yaabaa in dadka isticmaala boogaha sare ay hoos u dhigeen jawaabahooda galmada inta lagu jiro daraasadda. Sharaxaaddani waxay ahayd ugu yaraan [7, 8] si ay u sharaxaan natiijooyinkooda kuwaas oo muujiyay dhiirigelinta habdhaqanka ee hoos udhigay by LPP yar (suurtogalnimada mustaqbalka) ee farshaxanka erotic filimka by shakhsiyaadka ka warbixinaya isticmaalka filimka aan la kontorooli karin. Qiyaasaha LPP ayaa lagu muujiyey inay hoos u dhacaan si ula kac ah hoos u dhigis [62, 63]. Sidaa daraadeed, LPP-ga la ciribtiro sawirada erotic-ka ayaa laga yaabaa in ay ka jawaabto saameyn weyn oo laga helo daraasaddan hadda ka jirta kooxo "xaalad xun". (xoogga la saaro)

7) Xeeladaha maskaxda ee ku jira xanuunka dabeecadda galmada ee qasabka ah (2018)

Falanqee falanqaynta Horudhac iyo wakhti., 2015 (taas oo calaamad u ah 87):

Daraasad ay isticmaalaan EEG, oo ay sameeyeen Prause iyo asxaabtooda, waxay soo jeediyeen in shakhsiyaadka dareemaya in ay ka baqayaan isticmaalka filimadooda, marka la barbardhigo koox kantaroolka ah oo aan dareemeynin dhibaatada ku saabsan isticmaalka daroogada, waxay u baahnaan kartaa kicin dheeraad ah / weyn oo muuqaal ah si loo cadeeyo jawaabaha maskaxda [87]. Ka-qaybgalayaasha ka-qaybgalayaasha- shakhsiyaadka 'dhibaatooyinka ay qabaan' oo xukuntay aragtida sawirrada galmada '(M= Saacadaha 3.8 usbuucii) - Isku-dubarid dhaqdhaqaaq yar oo neerfaha ah (oo lagu qiyaaso suurtogalnimada mustaqbalka ee EEG signal) marka la soo bandhigo muuqaalada galmada marka loo eego kooxda isbarbardhigga marka la soo bandhigo isla sawirada. Iyadoo ay ku xiran tahay fasiraadda dareenka jinsiga ee daraasaddan (sida cuna ama abaal-marinba, si aad u aragto Gola iyo al. [4]), natiijooyinka waxay taageeri karaan indho-indheyn kale oo tilmaamaya saameynta dhaqan-gelinta [4]. 2015, Banca iyo jaalayaashu waxay arkeen in nimanka CSB ay doorbidaan dareenka jinsiga ee jilicsan, ayna soo bandhigeen natiijooyinka soo jeedinta habdhaqanka DACC marka ay si joogta ah u muujiyaan sawirada isla [88]. Natiijooyinka daraasaddaha kor ku xusan waxay soo jeedinayaan in isticmaalka badanaa ee sarkhaantu uu yareeyo dareenka abaal-marinta, taasoo suurtogal ah inay horseedi karto habdhaqanka iyo dulqaadashada, taas oo kor u qaadeysa baahida loo qabo kicinta badan ee galmada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, daraasadaha dheeraadka ah waxaa lagu tilmaamaa in la baarayo suurtagalnimada suurtagalnimada. Isku-dubaridka, cilmi-baadhista ilaa taariikhda waxay bixisay taageero hore ee fikradda ah in CSB ay la mid tahay kuwa la midka ah daroogada, khamaarka, iyo cayaarta ciyaaraha iyadoo la tixgelinayo shabakadaha maskaxda iyo nidaamyada isbedelka, oo ay ku jiraan xasaasiyad iyo habeyn. (xoogga la saaro).

8) Macmacaan Soomaliyeed oo Soogalooti ah: Waxa aan ognahay iyo waxa aanaan sameyneyno-Dib u eegis nidaamsan (2019)

Kala sooc Qalabaynta Xilliga Daraasadda 2 EEG: Steele et al,, 2013 & Horudhac iyo wakhti., 2015 (xarig 105 waa Steele, 107 waa marxalad):

Caddeynta waxqabadka caannaanta ee muujinaya rabitaanku waxay si gaar ah ugu muuqdaan koontooyinka hore ee [101] iyo amygdala [102,103], inaad noqoto caddayn dareen ah. Dhaqdhaqaaqyada gobollada maskaxda ah waa xusuusin abaalmarin dhaqaale [104] waxaana laga yaabaa inay qaaddo saameyn la mid ah. Waxaa intaa dheer, waxaa jira akhristayaasha sare ee EEG ee ka mid ah dadka isticmaala, iyo sidoo kale dardar-galinta jinsiga leh lamaane, laakiin ma ahan in la naqdiyo si ay u noqoto sino [105], wax ka tarjumaya farqiga tayada qalabka [8]. Tani waxaa loo tixgelin karaa calaamad muujinaysa in aan loo baahneyn. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, daraasadda Steele waxay ka kooban tahay dhowr farsamo oo qallafsan (tixgelin mawduuc ah, baaritaan la'aanta cudurrada maskaxda ama xayiraadaha, maqnaanshaha kooxda xakamaynta, iyo isticmaalka waraaqaha aan loo ansixin isticmaalka sigaarka) [106]. Daraasad ay soo saartay Prause [107], waqtigan la joogo kooxda xakamaynta, waxay ku celiyeen waxyaalahan soo-baxa. Doorka dabiiciga ah ee wax ka qabashada iyo ku qanacsanaanta horumarinta isticmaalka cybersex maandooriyaha ayaa lagu caddeeyey haweeneyda heterosexual [108] iyo shaybaarka qaniisiinta [109].

Comments: Xaqiiqda kor ku xusan waxay sheegeysaa in 2015 EEG-da Prause ay ka heleen natiijooyinkii ka soo baxay Daraasad 2013 EEG (Steele et al.): Labada baaritaanba waxay soo bandhigeen caddaynta habdhaqanka ama macaamilka, taas oo la jaanqaaday habdhaqanka takoorka (dulqaad). Aan sharaxo.

Waa muhiim inaad ogaato taas Horudhac iyo wakhti., 2015 IYO Steele et al., 2013 lahaa Mowduucyada "porn smeared". Dhibaatadu waa tan Steele et al. ma aysan jirin koox la xakameynayo isbarbardhig! Sidii Prause et al., 2015 waxay isbarbar dhigeen maadooyinka 2013 Steele et al., 2013 ilaa koox la koontaroolay (weli waxay ka jirtey cilladaha kor lagu soo sheegay). Natiijooyinka: Marka la barbardhigo kantaroolka "shaqsiyaadka ay qabaan dhibaatooyinka hirgelinta muuqaalka porno" waxay qabteen jawaabaha hoose ee maskaxda si ay hal mar uga soo dhacaan sawirrada gawaarida vanilla ah. Natiijooyinka ACTUAL ee daraasadaha laba jeer ee EEG:

1. Steele et al., 2013: Shakhsiyaadka leh fal-celin-celin dheeraad ah oo ladagaalanka leh yar rabitaan jinsi la leh lamaane, laakiin aan ka yarayn rabitaanka nadaafadda.
2. Horudhac iyo wakhti., 2015: "Isticmaalayaasha sigaar-cabista" ayaa lahaa yar dhaqdhaqaaqa maskaxeed ee sawirada muuqaalka ah ee porno vanilla. Akhriska hoose ee EEG macnaheedu waa mawduucyada "porn smuggled" mawduucyada ayaa bixinayay sawirro yar.

Nidaam cad ayaa ka soo baxa daraasadaha 2: "Isticmaalayaasha xayawaaniga ah" ayaa ujoogay ama uqaabilay gawaarida 'vanilla porn', iyo kuwa leh fal-celin-celin weyn si ay u leexiyaan si ay u xakameeyaan porno ka badan galmo leh qof dhab ah. Si fudud u dhig qaabka ay u shaqeynayaan (calaamad la wadaago ee takooridda) oo ay door bidayso dareenka dabiiciga ah ee abaalmarinta dabiiciga ah ee awoodda leh (jinsiga la wadaago). Ma jirto hab lagu yiraahdo natiijooyinkaan sida been abuurka ah ee foojignaanta maandooriyaha. Natiijooyinku waxay taageeraan habka takoorka.

10) Samee heerar kala duwan oo ka-soo-muuqashada filimka qaawan iyo rabshadaha ayaa saamayn ku leh shucuurta dareenka ee ragga (2020)

Comments: Jaahil Horudhac iyo wakhti Cinwaanka aan la taageerin, qorayaashu waxay aqbaleen sharaxaadda ugu badan ee lagu xusay Horudhac iyo wakhti., 2015: "Marxaladda et al. soojeediyay in raadintaan lama filaanka ah ay sabab u noqon karto saameynta dabeecadda, maadaama kaqeybgalayaashu soo bandhigeen hirarka LPP ee la yareeyay alsidaa darteed aad ayey uga sarreeyeen tirada saacadaha ay ku bixinayeen daawashada waxyaabaha qaawan. ”

Ku xusan xuska Prause et al., 2015:

Daraasadaha lagu baaro astaamaha neyfaha ee dhibaatooyinka walaaca ama isticmaalida shey qaawan ayaa ah mid aad u yar. Isticmaal aan caadi ahayn ama aan kala sooc lahayn oo ah waxyaabaha waxyaabaha qaawan laga helo ayaa sababi kara isku-darka 'LPP waveform' marka shakhsiyaadka loo soo bandhigo macluumaad muuqaal fayoobi ah (Marxaladda et al., 2015). Cod-weyne weyn LPP waa tusaha joogtada ah ee maareynta shucuur ahaanta waana astaan ​​muhiima dhiirrigelin leh (Voon) et al., 2014). Taas bedelkeeda, marka la eego saamaynta ERP ee aragtida dhibta aragtida galmada muuqaalka ah, suugaanta hadda jirta guud ahaan waxay muujisay hoos u dhac kujira qaybta LPP. Marxaladda et al. Waxay soo bandhigeen shakhsiyaad ama soo tebiyey ama beeniyay adeegsiga sawirada dhibaatada leh ee sawirrada dareenka leh (oo ay ku jiraan sawirro jinsi cad). Shakhsiyaadka soo tabiyay dhibaatooyinka bileyska ee isticmaalkooda qaawan oo u lahaa rabitaan xoog badan xagga galmada waxay muujiyeen hoos u dhac yar oo LPP ah iyada oo laga jawaabayo sawirrada galmada ee muuqda. Marxaladda et al. soo jeediyay in natiijadan ay ahayd mid lama filaan ah. Daraasado fara badan oo shaqsiyaadka leh dabeecadaha balwadda leh ayaa shaqaaleysiiyay hawlo qiiro leh oo qiiro leh. Caadi ahaan, daraasadahaani waxay heleen koror ballaaran oo LPP ah markii lagu soo bandhigay sawirada walaxda maandooriyaha ee balwadda leh (Minnix) et al., 2013). Marxaladda et al. soojeediyay in raadintaan lama filaanka ah ay sabab u noqon karto saameynta dabeecadda, maadaama kaqeybgalayaashu soo bandhigeen hirarka LPP ee la yareeyay alsi aad ah ayey u sarreeyaan tirada saacadaha ay ku qaataan daawashada waxyaabaha qaawan.