Mid ka mid ah bukaanka afartii qof ee leh cillad aan caadi ahayn oo la ogaaday ayaa ah sawir dhalinyaro ah oo walaac leh oo ka socda xarun caafimaad oo maalinle ah (2013)

Faallooyin: Daraasad cusub oo Talyaani ah ayaa lagu ogaaday in 25% bukaannada cusub ee qaba cillad kacsi oo daran ay da'doodu ka yar tahay 40 sano.

GUNAANADAHA: Falanqayntan sahanka ah waxay muujisay in mid ka mid ah afar bukaan oo raadinaya gargaar caafimaad oo ugu horreeya oo loogu talagalay ED cusub uu ka yar yahay 40 sano. Ku dhawaad ​​​​kala bar ragga dhallinyarada ah waxay la ildaran yihiin ED daran, iyadoo heerarka la midka ah ee bukaanada waayeelka ah. Guud ahaan, ragga da'da yar way ka duwan yihiin shakhsiyaadka da'da weyn marka loo eego xuduudaha kiliinikada iyo kuwa bulsho-bulsheed labadaba.

J Galmada Med. 2013 Jul;10(7):1833-41. doi: 10.1111/jsm.12179.

Capogrosso P .​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​

source

Waaxda Cudurrada, Jaamacadda Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Talyaaniga.

aan la taaban karin

HORDHAC:

Kala soocis la'aanta erectile (ED) waa cabasho caadi ah oo ka jirta ragga da'doodu ka weyn tahay 40 da'da, heerka sicir-bararka oo kordhay muddada waayeelka. Maqnaanshaha iyo qodobada halista ah ee ED ee raga dhallinyarada ah ayaa la falanqeeyay.

Ujeeddada:

Qiimaynta sifooyinka daraasada iyo daaweynta ee ragga dhallinyarada ah (oo lagu qeexay sanadka 40) raadinta caawimaad caafimaad ee ugu horreysa ee loogu talagalay ED oo ah asalkooda asaasiga ah ee galmada.

XISBIGA:

Daraasad cilmi-baaris iyo cilmi-baaris oo dhamaystiran oo laga helay bukaanka isku xigga 439 ayaa la falanqeeyay. Dhibaatooyinka caafimaadka ee muhiimka ah ayaa la dhigay dhibcaha Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). Bukaannada ayaa dhammeystirey Index Index of Functional Impairment (IIEF).

QIIMEYNTA CUDURADA BADAN:

Tirakoobka sharraxaadda ayaa tijaabiyey cilmiga bulshada iyo farqiga u dhexeeya bukaanada 'ED' years 40 sano iyo> 40 sano.

Natiijooyinka:

ED cusub oo ah cilladda koowaad waxaa laga helay 114 (26%) ragga ≤ 40 sano jir (celceliska [heerka isbeddelka [SD]] da'da: 32.4 [6.0]; kala duwanaanta: 17-40 sano). Bukaannada ≤ 40 sano jir waxay lahaayeen heer hoose oo xaalado cudur oo isku-dhafan ah (CCI = 0 90.4% vs. 58.3%; χ(2), 39.12; P < 0.001), qiime hoose oo ah tusmada miisaanka jirka (P = 0.005), iyo heer sare oo ah heerka testosterone-ka wareega (P = 0.005) marka la barbar dhigo kuwa >40 sano jir ah . Bukaannada ED ee da'da yar ayaa si joogto ah u muujiyay caado sigaar cabista iyo isticmaalka daroogada sharci darrada ah, marka la barbar dhigo ragga da'da weyn (dhammaan P ≤ 0.02). Biyo-baxa degdega ah wuxuu u badan yahay ragga da'da yar, halka cudurka Peyronie uu ku badan yahay kooxda da'da weyn (dhammaan P = 0.03). IIEF, heerarka ED ee daran ayaa laga helay 48.8% ragga da'da yar iyo 40% ragga da'da ah, siday u kala horreeyaan (P > 0.05). Sidoo kale, heerarka ED ee fudud, dhexdhexaad ilaa dhexdhexaad ah, iyo dhexdhexaad ah si weyn uma kala duwanayn labada kooxood.

XUSUUS:

Falanqayntan sahanka ah waxay muujisay in mid ka mid ah afar bukaan oo raadinaya gargaar caafimaad oo ugu horreeya oo loogu talagalay ED cusub uu ka yar yahay 40 sano. Ku dhawaad ​​​​kala bar ragga dhallinyarada ah waxay la ildaran yihiin ED daran, iyadoo heerarka la midka ah ee bukaanada waayeelka ah . Guud ahaan, ragga da'da yar way ka duwan yihiin shakhsiyaadka da'da weyn marka loo eego xuduudaha kiliinikada iyo kuwa bulsho-bulsheed labadaba.

© 2013 Bulshada Caalamiga ah ee Daaweynta Isku Galmoodka.

KEYWOOD:

Da'da, Tababaraha Daaweynta, Iskudhiska, Waayeelka, Qalitaanka Cawaaqibka, Xaaladda Caafimadka, Tusmada Caalamiga ah ee Shaqada Cawaaqibka, Ciladaha Khatarta ah, Da 'Yar

PMID: 23651423

Hordhac

Kala-hadal aan caadi ahayn (ED) waa cabasho caadi ah oo ka jirta ragga da'doodu tahay 40 da'da, iyo heerarka baahsanaanta oo kordha inta lagu jiro da'da gabowga [1].
Qoraallada intooda badan ee mawduuca ED ah waxay badanaa u furan yihiin cadeyntan oo kale, iyada oo aan loo eegin tixgelinta dadweynaha ama jinsiyadda,
ee cilmi-baaris / cilmi-baare, iyo joornaal kasta oo cilmi-baaris ah oo daabacan daabacaadda. Marka la eego ereyada kale, da'da weyn ee ragga ah waxay helayaan, inta badan waxay bilaabaan inay la tacaalaan ED [2].

Isbarbar dhig, ED waxay si tartiib tartiib ah u heshay door muhiim ah sida muraayadda guud ee caafimaadka guud ee ragga, iyadoo loo maleynayo inay muhiimad weyn u leedahay wadnaha iyo xididdada
field [3-6]. Sidaa darteed, waa hubaal in ED ay gaadhay ahmiyad weyn oo aan ku koobnayn oo keliya dhinaca daawada, laakiin xitaa dhinaca caafimaadka bulshada, iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay saameynta ay ku leedahay dhinacyada bulshada ee nolosha qofka. Xiisaha sii kordhaya ee mowduucan ayaa horseeday horumarka dad badan
baaritaano ku saabsan kor u qaadista iyo qodobada halista ee ED ee ka mid ah qaybaha kala duwan ee bukaanada [7, 8]; macnaha guud ahaan, inta badan xogta la daabacay waxay tixraacaysaa dadka da'da dhexe iyo waayeelka, iyo gaar ahaan ragga ka sarreeya da'da 40 da'da [7-9]. Runtii, ragga da 'yarta ah, iyo dadka waayeelka ah, waxay badanaa ku dhacaan xaalado cudur halis ah - sida sonkorowga, cayilka, cudurrada wadnaha iyo xididdada wadnaha (CVD), iyo calaamadaha hoose ee wadnaha kaadida (LUTS) -waxay ka mid yihiin qodobo khatar u ah ED-ED [7-12].

Taas bedelkeeda, baahsanaanta iyo arrimaha khatarta ah ee ED ee ragga dhallinyarada ah si yar ayaa loo falanqeeyay. Xogta ku saabsan qaybtan ragga ah waxay muujisay heerarka baahsanaanta ee ED oo u dhexeeya 2% iyo ku dhawaad ​​40% shakhsiyaadka ka yar 40 sano [13-16] . Guud ahaan, xogta la daabacay waxay xoogga saartay muhiimadda ED ee ragga dhallinyarada ah, inkastoo qaybtan gaarka ah ee shakhsiyaadka aysan u muuqan inay wadaagaan isla arrimaha khatarta caafimaad ee ragga da'da ah ee ka cabanaya naafanimada shaqada kacsiga [15, 16] , taasoo horseedaysa in la rumaysto in qayb ka mid ah nafsaaniga ay aad ugu badan tahay bukaanada da'da yar ee qaba xanuunnada kacsiga ama dhibaatada la xiriirta shaqada kacsiga [17].

Guud ahaan, ku dhowaad dhammaan daraasaduhu waxay sheegayaan ED-du inay ku xiran tahay guud ahaan dadweynaha, taasna macnaheedu maahan wax macluumaad ah oo la xidhiidha
ilaa habka kiliinikada ee maalin kasta; Si la mid ah, xogta si cad ayaa loo heli karaa oo ku saabsan bukaanada yar yar ee runtii raadsanaya caawimaad caafimaad ee goobaha bukaan socodka dhibaatada la xidhiidha tayada koritaankooda. Jihadaas, waxaannu dooneynay inaanu qiimeyno kor u qaadista iyo saadaaliyayaasha ED ee dhalinyarada da'doodu yartahay (oo si aan qarsoodi ahayn loo qeexay ≤40 da'da da'da ah) iyada oo qayb ka ah dad badan oo ka mid ah dadka Cawada-Yurubta ah ee isku xigta ee raadinaya caawimaad caafimaad oo ugu horeysa ee ku saabsan xanuunka jinsiga ee hal xarun waxbarasho.

Dariiqooyinka

Dadweynaha

Falanqayntu waxay ku salaysnayd koox ka kooban 790 bukaan oo xiriir ah oo galmo firfircoon oo Caucasian-Yurub ah oo raadinaya caawimaad caafimaad oo ugu horreysa oo loogu talagalay cillad galmo oo cusub oo bilow ah intii u dhaxaysay Janaayo 2010 iyo Juun 2012 xarun caafimaad oo keliya oo bukaan-socod ah. Ujeeddada gaarka ah ee daraasaddan sahaminta ah, xogta laga helay bukaannada ka cabanaya ED oo keliya ayaa la tixgeliyey. Ujeeddadaas awgeed, ED waxaa lagu qeexay awood la'aanta joogtada ah ee lagu gaari karo ama lagu ilaalin karo kacsi ku filan oo loogu talagalay waxqabadka galmada oo lagu qanco [18].

Bukaan-socodka ayaa si buuxda loo qiimeeyay taariikhda caafimaad iyo jinsi oo faahfaahsan, oo ay ku jiraan xogta jimicsiga. Dhibaatooyinka caafimaadka ee muhiimka ah ayaa la dhajiyay Index-ka Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) [19] labadaba sida isbeddel joogto ah ama noocyada kala duwan (ie, 0 vs. 1 iyo ≥2). Waxaan isticmaalnay Qeybinta Caalamiga ee Cudurada, 9th revision, Isbeddel Caafimaad. Heerka qiyaasta cufka jirka (BMI),
oo lagu qeexay miisaanka kiilogaraamka dhererka mitir laba jibbaaran, ayaa loo tixgeliyey bukaan kasta. Wixii BMI ah, waxaan isticmaalnaa gooyooyinka soo jeediyay
Machadyada Qaranka ee Caafimaadka [20]: miisaanka caadiga ah (18.5-24.9), miisaanka xad dhaafka ah (25.0-29.9), iyo fasalka -1 buurnaanta (≥30.0). Dhiig-karka waxaa lagu qeexay markii la qaatay daawada dhiig-karka iyo / ama cadaadiska dhiigga oo sarreeya (-140 mm Hg systolic ama -90 mm Hg diastolic). Hypercholesterolemia waxaa lagu qeexay markii la qaatay daaweynta dufanka yareysa iyo / ama kolestaroolka cufnaanta sare leh ee loo yaqaan 'HDL' cholesterol wuxuu ahaa <40 mg / dL. Sidoo kale, hypertriglyceridemia ayaa lagu qeexay markii plasma triglycerides ay ahaayeen -150 mg / dL [21]. Barnaamijka Waxbarashada Dumarka Qaranka - Qeybta Daaweynta Dadka Waaweyn III [21] Shuruudaha waxaa loo isticmaalay in lagu qeexo jiritaanka dheef-shiid kiimikaadka (MeTs) ee kudhaca guud ahaan ragga ee leh ED.

Ujeedada gaarka ah ee daraasaddan iyo si loo muujiyo dhaqanka caadiga ah ee shaybaarka bayochemistry-ga kiliinikada, waxaan doorannay inaan cabbirno heerarka testosterone-ka guud (tT) ee wareegaya annagoo adeegsanayna hababka falanqaynta ee ganacsi ahaan la heli karo. Hypogonadism waxaa lagu qeexay tT <3 ng/mL [22].

Bukaan-socodka ayaa markaa lakulmay iyadoo loo eegayo xaaladdooda xidhiidhkooda (oo lagu qeexay "xiriir galmo dagan" haddii bukaanku lahaa lammaane isku mid ah
lix ama ka badan bilaha isku xigta; haddii kale "ma jiro xidhiidh degganaansho" ama xijaabnimo). Sidoo kale, bukaanada ayaa loo kala soocay iyada oo loo eegayo xaaladdooda waxbarasho iyada oo u dhiganta koox heer hoose ah oo waxbarasho ah (sida, dugsiyada hoose iyo dugsiga sare), koox dugsi sare, iyo ragga oo leh heer tacliin sare (sida jaamacad / shahaadada jaamacadeed).

Intaa waxaa dheer, bukaanada waxaa laga codsaday inay dhammaystiraan Tusmada Caalamiga ah ee Shaqada Kacsiga (IIEF) [23] ; si loo bixiyo qaab tixraac ah oo si macquul ah loogu fasiro darnaanta ED, waxaan u isticmaalnay kala-soocidda qaybta shaqada ee IIEF-erectile sida uu soo jeediyay Cappelleri et al. [24].

Dhibaatooyinka akhris-qoraalka iyo sidoo kale dhibaatooyinka kale ee wax akhriska iyo qorista ayaa laga saaray dhammaan bukaanada.

Ururinta xog ururinta waxaa la sameeyey mabaadii'da lagu qeexay Bayaanka Helsinki; dhammaan bukaanada waxay saxiixeen ogolaansho wargalin ah oo lagu ogolaanayo inay bixiyaan macluumaadkooda qarsoodiga ah ee daraasadaha mustaqbalka.

Cabbiraadaha Guud ee Ugu Muhiimsan

Qeybta ugu dambaysa ee daraasaddan soo socota waxay ahayd in la qiimeeyo baahinta iyo saadaaliyayaal cusub oo ku cusub ED oo ku saabsan ragga da 'yarta ah ee raadsanaya caawimadooda caafimaad ee ugu horreysa
in goobaha caafimaadka ee maalinlaha ah, sida ku cad cutubka xayiraadaha ee loo isticmaalo ee 40 da'da. Qeybta labaad ee dhammaadka ah waxay ahayd in la qiimeeyo in hawsha guud ee galmada, sida goolasha la qaaday domainska IIEF kala duwan, ayaa lagu kala duwanaa ragga si ka duwan da'da 40 da'da marka la barbardhigo bukaannadii hore.

Falanqaynta tirakoobka

Ujeedada gaarka ah ee falanqayntan, bukaanada leh bilawga cusub ee ED oo raadinaya caawimaad caafimaad oo ugu horreysa waxay u kala horreeyaan ragga ≤40 sano jir iyo shaqsiyaad> 40 sano jir. Tirakoobka sharraxaadda ayaa loo adeegsaday si loo barbardhigo astaamaha caafimaad iyo cilmiga bulshada
laba kooxood. Xogta waxaa loo soo bandhigay macne ahaan (isku-dheelitirka heerka [SD]). Muhiimadda tirakoobka ee farqiga u dhaxeeya qaababka iyo qiyamka
tijaabiyay laba-qoorta t-imtixaanka iyo shiicada2) imtixaannada, siday u kala horreeyaan. Falanqaynta tirakoobka waxaa lagu sameeyay iyadoo la isticmaalayo 13.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Dhammaan imtixaannadu waxay ahaayeen laba dhinac, oo leh heer muhiim ah oo lagu dhigay 0.05.

Natiijooyinka

Cudurka cusub ee 'ED' oo ah cilladda asaasiga ah waxaa laga helay bukaanada 439 (55.6%) bukaankii 790. Kuwaas, 114 (25.9%) waxay ahaayeen ≤40 sano jir. Miis 1 Faahfaahinta sifooyinka dadweynaha iyo tirakoobka sharraxaadda guud ee bukaanka ee bukaanka leh ED, iyadoo loo kala soocayo sida ku xusan da'da aan qaan-gaarin ee sanadaha 40. Xaaladdan dhexdeeda, bukaanada ≤40 sano jir ah markay markii ugu horreysay ee ay raadsadaan caawimo caafimaad ee ED waxay muujiyeen a
Xaddiga hoose ee xaaladaha comorbid (sida muuqaal ahaan ku dhuftay CCI), qiimaha hoose ee qiimaha BMI, saamiga hoose ee shakhsiyaadka leh BMI waxay soo jeedinayaan cayilka xad-dhaafka ah iyo heerka cayilka ≥1, heerka hooseeya ee hypertension iyo hypercholesterolemia, iyo heerka TT ee wareegsan marka la barbardhigo kuwii ka weynaa sanadka 40 (oo dhan P ≤ 0.02). Taa bedelkeeda, wax farqi ah looma arkin inta udhaxeysa heerarka hypertriglyceridemia, MetS, iyo hypogonadism 1). Intaa waxaa dheer, ED-da da 'yar ee bukaanka ah ayaa muujiyay heer aad u sareeya oo ah jinsi-doonka galmada ee labka ah iyo saamiga hoose ee xidhiidhada galmada dagan (dhammaan P  ≤ 0.02). Looma arag faraqyo muhiim ah iyadoo loo eegayo heerka waxbarasho ee u dhexeeya kooxaha. Heer aad u sarreeya oo ka mid ah biyo-baxa degdega ah (ama cimri dherer ama la helay) ayaa lagu arkay bukaanada da'da yar marka loo eego shakhsiyaadka waayeelka ah; taa bedelkeed, cudurka Peyronie wuxuu ku sii badnaa kooxda waayeelka ah (dhammaantood) P = 0.03), iyadoo aysan jirin kala duwanaansho baahsanaanta rabitaanka galmada ee u dhexeeya labada koox (Shaxda 1).

Shaxda 1. Tirakoobka sharraxaadda ee ≤40 sano jir iyo> 40 jir bukaanada 'ED' (Maya = 439)
  Bukaanada ≤40 sano Bukaanka> 40 sano P qiimaha*

  1. furayaasha:
    SD = isdhaafsiga caadiga ah; CCI = Index Index Combonidity; BMI = jirka
    index index; NIH = Machadyada Qaranka ee Caafimaadka; MeTs = metabolic
    cilladda; tT = wadarta baaritaanka guud; PE = dheecaan goor hore ah

  2. * Qiimaha P sida waafaqsan χ 2 tijaabo ama tijaabada t-ga madax-bannaan ee laba-dabo leh , sida lagu tilmaamay
Tirada bukaanada (%) 114 (25.9) 325 (74.1)  
Da '(sanado; macnaheedu [SD]) 32.4 (6.0) 57.1 (9.7)
Range 17-40 41-77
CCI (Tirada [%])     <0.001 (χ2, 39.12)
0 103 (90.4) 189 (58.3)  
1 6 (5.3) 62 (19)
2+ 5 (4.4) 74 (22.7)
BMI (kg / m2; micnaheedu [SD]) 25.1 (4.1) 26.4 (3.7) 0.005
BMI (Qoondeynta NIH) (Maya [%])     0.002 (χ2, 15.20)
1 (0.9) 0 (0)  
18.5-24.9 63 (56.5) 126 (38.7)
25-29.9 34 (29.6) 157 (48.3)
≥30 16 (13) 42 (13)
Dhiig-baxa (Maya [%]) 6 (5.3) 122 (37.5) <0.001 (χ2, 42.40)
Hypercholesterolemia (Maya [%]) 4 (3.5) 38 (11.7) 0.02 (χ2, 5.64)
Hypertriglyceridemia (Maya [%]) 0 (0.0) 10 (3.1) 0.12 (χ2, 2.37)
MeTs (Tirada [%]) 2 (1.8) 10 (3.1) 0.57 (χ2, 0.74)
tT (ng / mL; macnaheedu [SD]) 5.3 (2.0) 4.5 (1.8) 0.005
Hypogonadism (wadar ahaan <3 ng / mL) (Maya. [%]) 12 (10.3) 54 (16.6) 0.14 (χ2, 2.16)
Hanuuninta galmada (Maya [%])     0.02 (χ2, 5.66)
Kala jinsiga ah 109 (95.6) 322 (99.1)  
Khaniisiin 5 (4.4) 3 (0.9)
Xaaladda xiriirka (Maya [%])     <0.001 (χ2, 27.51)
Xiriirrada galmada ee joogtada ah ≥6 bilood 81 (71.4) 303 (93.2)  
Ma jiro xiriir galmo daggan 33 (28.6) 22 (6.8)
Xaaladda Waxbarashada (Maya [%])     0.05 (χ2, 9.30)
Dugsiga Hoose 0 (0) 22 (6.8)  
Dugsi Sare 20 (17.5) 64 (19.7)
Dugsi sare 51 (44.7) 141 (43.4)
Darajada Jaamacadda 43 (37.7) 98 (30.2)
Dacwooyinka galmada ee ka dhexeeya (Maya [%])      
PE 14 (12.4) 20 (6.2) 0.03 (χ2, 4.55)
Libido yar 10 (8.8) 23 (7.1) 0.55 (χ2, 0.35)
Cudurka Peyronie 5 (4.4) 37 (11.4) 0.03 (χ2, 4.78)

Shaxda 2 wuxuu liis gareeyaa daawooyinka ay qaateen bukaannada labada koox, oo ay u kala sooceen qoyska daroogada. Sidoo kale, Shax 2 sidoo kale faahfaahin alaabooyinka madadaalada ay soo sheegaan bukaanka iyo
iyada oo loo qaybiyey koox da'eed. Bukaannadii ED-da hore ayaa si joogta ah u qaata
daawooyinka antihypertensive for qoys kasta iyo sidoo kale thiazide
diuretics iyo daawooyinka lipid-hoos u dhiganta marka loo barbar dhigo ragga ≤40 sano (dhammaan P 
≤ 0.02). Sidoo kale, bukaanka waayeelka ah ayaa si aad ah u qaadanayay
antidiabetics iyo daawooyinka uricosuric, alfa-blockers ee LUTS, iyo proton
mashiinka bustaha marka la barbardhigo ragga yar yar (dhammaan P 0.03 XNUMX).

Shaxda 2. Daawooyinka daweynta iyo caadooyinka madadaalada ee ≤40 sano jir iyo> 40 jir bukaanada ED - (Maya. = 439)
  Bukaanada ≤40 sano Bukaanka> 40 sano P qiimaha*

  1. furayaasha:
    ACE-I = angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; SNRIs = serotonin iyo
    celiyeyaasha dib-u-qabsiga ee noradrenail; SSRIs = Dayactirka serotonin ee xaddidan
    horjoogayaasha; BPH = hyperplasia-prostatic hyperplasia; LUTS = kaadidaada hoose
    calaamadaha wadada

  2. * Qiimaha P sida waafaqsan χ 2 tijaabo ama tijaabada t-ga madax-bannaan ee laba-dabo leh , sida lagu tilmaamay
Tirada bukaanada (%) 114 (25.9) 325 (74.1)  
Dawooyinka antihypertensive      
ACE-i 1 (0.9) 47 (14.5) <0.001 (χ2, 14.62)
Angiotensin-II antagonists 2 (1.8) 41 (12.6) 0.002 (χ2, 9.95)
Beta-1-blockers 2 (1.8) 44 (13.5) 0.0009 (χ2, 11.12)
Calcium antagonists 0 (0.0) 39 (12.0) 0.002 (χ2, 13.57)
Diuretics      
Loop-ka dheellitirka 0 (0.0) 6 (1.8) 0.33 (χ2, 0.94)
Thaaytiyada diuretics 0 (0.0) 18 (5.5) 0.02 (χ2, 5.20)
Daawooyinka kale ee wadnaha      
Digoxin 0 (0.0) 7 (2.2) 0.24 (χ2, 1.36)
Dawooyinka isdabamarinta 1 (0.9) 6 (1.8) 0.82 (χ2, 0.05)
Dawooyinka xinjirowga lidka ku ah 1 (0.9) 10 (3.1) 0.35 (χ2, 0.89)
Dawooyinka antiplatelet 1 (0.9) 1 (1.8) 0.82 (χ2, 0.06)
Daawooyinka hoos u dhigaya Lipid (statins & / or fibrates) 0 (0.0) 43 (13.2) 0.0001 (χ2, 15.21)
Daroogooyinka nidaamka dareen-celinta      
Dawooyinka Anticonvulsant 1 (0.9) 6 (1.8) 0.82 (χ2, 0.05)
Barbiturates 0 (0.0) 2 (0.6) 0.99 (χ2, 0.00)
Benzodiazepine 2 (1.8) 15 (4.6) 0.29 (χ2, 1.11)
Neuroleptics 2 (1.8) 3 (0.9) 0.79 (χ2, 0.07)
Dawooyinka Opioid 0 (0.0) 2 (0.6) 0.99 (χ2, 0.00)
SNRIs 1 (0.9) 1 (0.3) 0.99 (χ2, 0.00)
SSRI 8 (7.0) 8 (2.5) 0.06 (χ2, 3.65)
Dawooyinka indhaha lagu tirtiro      
Dawooyinka antiandrogenic 0 (0.0) 3 (0.9) 0.73 (χ2, 0.12)
Dawooyinka Antithyroidka 0 (0.0) 1 (0.3) 0.57 (χ2, 0.33)
Thyroxin 2 (1.8) 17 (5.2) 0.20 (χ2, 1.61)
Corticosteroids 3 (2.6) 12 (3.7) 0.80 (χ2, 0.07)
Darbepoetin 0 (0.0) 1 (0.3) 0.57 (χ2, 0.33)
desmopressin 0 (0.0) 2 (0.6) 0.99 (χ2, 0.00)
Dhicinta dopamine 2 (1.8) 4 (1.2) 1.00 (χ2, 0.00)
Dopamine antagonists 4 (3.5) 3 (0.9) 0.14 (χ2, 2.19)
Daawooyinka lagu daaweeyo cudurka hypoglycemic      
Daawooyinka ka hortaga nabarrada 3 (2.6) 32 (9.8) 0.02 (χ2, 5.05)
insulin 3 (2.6) 23 (7.1) 0.13 (χ2, 2.31)
Daawooyinka Nadaafadda Nidaamka      
Antihistamines 4 (3.5) 12 (3.7) 0.85 (χ2, 0.04)
Beta2-agonist 1 (0.9) 3 (0.9) 0.56 (χ2, 0.33)
Daawooyinka la xiriira BPH / LUTS      
5-alpha reductase inhibitors 1 (0.9) 6 (1.9) 0.77 (χ2, 0.09)
Alpha-blockers 1 (0.9) 41 (12.6) 0.0005 (χ2, 12.04)
Daawooyinka kale      
Dawooyinka anticholinergic 1 (0.9) 1 (0.3) 0.99 (χ2, 0.00)
Immunomodulators / immunosuppressors 3 (2.6) 12 (3.7) 0.80 (χ2, 0.07)
Kontoroolayaasha mashiinka difaaca 2 (1.8) 33 (10.2) 0.008 (χ2, 6.98)
Daawooyinka aan anti-inflammatory lahayn 7 (6.1) 14 (4.3) 0.60 (χ2, 0.27)
Triptans 0 (0.0) 1 (0.3) 0.57 (χ2, 0.33)
Fiitamiinada 2 (1.8) 11 (3.4) 0.59 (χ2, 0.30)
Daawooyinka Uricosuric 0 (0.0) 17 (5.2) 0.03 (χ2, 4.84)
       
Sigaarka cabista (Maya [%])     0.02 (χ2, 7.56)
Sigaar-cabayaasha hadda jira 43 (37.8) 80 (24.6)  
Sigaar cabida hore 1 (0.9) 7 (2.2)
Marna sigaar cabbin 70 (61.3) 238 (73.2)
Qaadashada khamriga (mugga / isbuuc kasta) (Maya [%])     0.52 (χ2, 0.41)
Si joogto ah 88 (77.2) 262 (80.6) 0.16 (χ2, 1.93)
Qaadashada khamriga (1-2 L / toddobaad) 26 (22.8) 98 (30.2) 0.96 (χ2, 0.00)
Qaadashada khamriga (> 2 L / usbuuc) 4 (3.6) 10 (3.1)  
Daawooyinka sharci darrada ah (nooc kasta) (Maya [%]) 24 (20.9) 11 (3.4) <0.001 (χ2, 34.46)
Cannabis / marijuana 24 (20.9) 9 (2.8) <0.001 (χ2, 37.29)
cocaine 4 (3.5) 0 (0.0) 0.005 (χ2, 37.29)
Heroin 0 (0.0) 3 (0.9) 0.73 (χ2, 7.92)

Wax farqi ah lagama helin qoyska kale ee daroogada (Jadwalka 2 ).

yar
ED dadka buka ayaa si joogta ah u muujiyay caado sigaar cabbista
iyo isticmaalka daroogada sharci darrada ah (labadaba cannabis / marijuana iyo kookayn)
marka la barbardhigo ragga da'doodu ka weyn tahay 40 sano (oo dhan P ≤ 0.02). Wax khilaaf ah lagama helin dhanka cabitaanka khamriga ee kooxaha (Shaxda 2).

Shaxda 3 faahfaahinta micnaheedu waa (dhibcaha SD) dhibcaha shanta dhibcood ee IIEF; maya
kala duwanaansho weyn ayaa lagu arkay meel kasta oo ka mid ah IIEF
dadka da'da yar iyo kuwa waawayn ee cusub ee ED. Sidoo kale, ragga ≤40 sano jir
waxay muujiyeen isku mid ah oo aad u fara badan oo ah ED-da daran marka la barbardhigo
bukaanka waayeelka ah. Sidoo kale, heerarka fudud, mid fudud-dhex-dhexaad, iyo
ED oo dhexdhexaad ah ma aha mid aad uga duwan labada kooxood
(Miis 3).

Shaxda 3. IIEF-buundooyinka dhibcaha iyo heerarka darnaanta ED ee ≤40 sano jir iyo> bukaannada ED sano jir ah (Maya = 439)
IIEF-domains (celceliska [SD]) Bukaanada ≤40 sano Bukaanka> 40 sano P qiimaha*

  1. furayaasha:
    IIEF = Index of International Functional Impact; EF = Functional Erectile
    domain; IS = domain ku qanacsantahay xariirka; OF = hawlaha orgasmic
    domain; SD = dareenka galmada rabshadaha; OS: domain guud ahaan qancin;
    ED = Qalitaan aan caadi ahayn

  2. * Qiimaha P sida waafaqsan imtixaanka t- test ee ardayga ee laba-dabo leh ama imtixaanka χ 2 , sida ku cad

  3. †Daranaanshaha ED waxaa loo kala saaray iyadoo loo eegayo kala soocidda ay soo jeediyeen Cappelleri et al. [23].
IIEF-EF 12.77 (8.7) 14.67 (8.4) 0.23
IIEF-IS 5.9 (4.2) 6.69 (4.1) 0.33
IIEF-OF 7.51 (3.2) 7.06 (3.5) 0.49
IIEF-SD 6.98 (2.3) 6.57 (2.1) 0.36
IIEF-OS 4.95 (2.6) 5.06 (2.5) 0.82
Sababta IIEF† (Maya [%])      
Caadiga ah EF 11 (9.3) 39 (11.9) 0.73 (χ2, 2.01)
ED 16 (14.0) 55 (16.8)
ED-dhexdhexaad ah ED 10 (9.3) 51 (15.8)
Dhexdhexaad ED 21 (18.6) 48 (14.9)
ED 56 (48.8) 132 (40.6)

Dood

We
dib-u-qiimeyn xooggan ayaa lagu qiimeeyay koox-wadaad ah oo ah Caucasian-Europe oo isku xigta
ragga ragga ah ee firfircoon raadinaya caawimaad caafimaad oo degdeg ah oo loogu talagalay inay dib u bilaabaan ED ee a
hal adeeg oo bukaan socod eegto oo hal mar ah 30 bishiiba
Baadhitaan badan iyo astaamaha shakhsiyaadka ≤40 sano jir ahaan
marka la barbardhigo ragga ragga da'doodu ka weyn tahay 40 sanadka waqtiga DS-ga.
Waxaan ogaanay in mid ka mid ah afartii nin ee ED qaba ay ka yar tahay 40 sano.
Waxaa intaa dheer, saamiga la mid ah kuwa bukaanka ED iyo kuwa da 'yar
cabashada ED ee daran. Sidoo kale, bukaanka da'da yar iyo kuwa da '
dhibcood kasta ee IIEF domain, marka lagu daro rabitaanka galmada, orgasmic
shaqada, iyo qanacsanaanta guud. Sidaa darteed, fiirinta sida a
Dhamaanteen waxay noo muuqdeen sawir aan walwal ka heleyno rugta maalinlaha ah
dhaqanka.

ED waa xaalad
waxyeelo caafimaad iyo mid bulsho oo la aqoonsaday
si ballaaran loo qiimeeyo daraasado kala duwan [7-10, 13, 14, 25]. Guud ahaan, da'da waxaa loo tixgeliyaa midka ugu waxtarka badan, oo leh dhowr baaritaan oo muujinaya korodhka ED ee da'da [7, 8, 26];
tusaale ahaan, xogta ka soo baxday Daraasada Haweenka Massachusetts Male ee gabagabaynta
da'daas waxay ahayd isbeddelka ugu xooggan ee la xidhiidha ED [7]. Ka sokow da'da, xaalado caafimaad oo badan oo kale ayaa si aad ah loola xiriiriyay ED [7, 10, 12-14, 26].
Wakhtiga gabowga, dadka ragga ah ayaa si joogto ah u xanuunsada
ama in ka badan oo ka mid ah shuruudaha isku dhafan ee kor ku xusan iyo, maya
Waxaa la yaab leh, badanaa waxay ka cabanayaan ED. Sababahan oo kale, badankood
cilmi baarista cudurrada faafa ee la xidhiidha ED-ga iyo saadaaliyayaal
waxaa lagu fuliyaa dadweynaha ragga da'doodu ka weyn tahay 40 da'da;
Dhanka kale, kaliya daraasado yar ayaa sidoo kale ku jira xogta yaryar
shakhsiyaadka [14-16, 26, 27].
Guud ahaan, xogta laga helay daraasaddan dambe waxay muujisay in ED aanay ahayn wax dhif ah
xaalada xitaa ragga da 'yar. Mialon et al., Tusaale ahaan, ayaa la soo sheegay
in korodhka ED-ka uu ahaa 29.9% oo ka tirsan koox dhallinyaro ah oo Swiss ah [15]. Sidoo kale, Ponholzer et al. [14] waxaa laga helaa heerka ED-ga oo isku mid ah taxane isku xigxig ah oo ragga da'doodu tahay 20-80
sano ah ka qaybqaatay mashruuc caafimaad-baaris ah oo ku yaalla aagga Vienna.
Sidoo kale, Martins iyo Abdo [16] xogta loo isticmaalo daraasaddaha isweydaarsiga ah ee 1,947 ee da'doodu tahay 18-40 sano
jir ah ayaa lala xiriiray meelaha dadweynaha ee 18 magaalooyinka waaweyn ee Brazil iyo
wareysi lala yeeshay iyada oo la adeegsanayo xog-wareysi aan qarsoodi ahayn; guud ahaan, 35% kuwaas
shakhsiyaadka ayaa soo sheegay qaar ka mid ah dhibcaha dhibaatooyinka qalafsan.

A
xoogga weyn ee falanqaynteenna ayaa ka soo baxa xaqiiqda ah in aynu si sax ah
qiimeynta baahsanaanta iyo astaamaha ED ee dhalinyarada da'da yar
laga soo bilaabo koox dad bukaan ah oo si isdaba joog ah u yimid bukaan-socodka
bukaan socod eegto oo raadineysa caawimaad caafimaad oo ugu horreysa ED; marka la eego macnaha guud, waxaan helnay taas
rubuc ka mid ah bukaanada ay ka cabanayaan ED ee ku dhaqanka xannaanada maalinlaha ah
waa rag ka hooseeya da'da 40 sano. Tani waxay si cad u xaqiijineysaa hore
macluumaadka epidemiological ee ka soo baxa daraasado ku salaysan dadweynaha, sidan oo muujinaysa in
ED ma aha oo keliya xannibaadda ragga da'da ah iyo ficil ahaan u shaqeynaya
naafanimada ragga dhalinyarada ah waa inaysan aheyn mid caqligal ah. Our
Tixgelinta dhacdooyinka kiliiniga ah ee maalinlaha ah ayaa ka dhigaya wax badan oo ku saabsan
iyada oo tixgelineysa dhaqdhaqaaqa maalin walba ee dhakhaatiir badan oo aan lahayn
ogaanshaha caafimaadka galmada ragga; run ahaantii, marka loo eego hooseeyo
heerarka qiimaynta ED-da ee ay sameeyaan dhakhaatiirta guud ee bukaannada ka weyn
40 sano [28], waxaan ka baqaynaa in si aad ah loo hubiyo in ED ama shaqo-galmo kasta oo laga yaabo inay xitaa yar tahay in lagu baaro ragga [29].

The
Natiijooyinka falanqaynteena waxay muujiyeen in bukaanno yar yar ay yihiin caalamka
caafimaad ahaan marka la barbardhigo ragga da'doodu ka weyn tahay sanadka 40, oo muujinaya CCI hooseeya
dhibcaha - wada jir ah tiro yar oo daawooyin ah, gaar ahaan
CVDs, celceliska hoose ee jirka BMI, iyo hoos u dhac ku yimaada hypertension.
Sidoo kale, oo aan la yaabin, shakhsiyaadka da 'yarta ah waxay lahaayeen macno badan TT
heerarka marka la barbardhigo bukaanno ka weyn sanadaha 40, sidaas oo ay xoojiyaan
inta badan baaritaannada cudurka epidemiological ee ragga da 'yarta ah ee yurub [2].
Guud ahaan, macluumaadka bukaan-socodka ayaa xaqiijinaya kuwa laga soo qaado
Sahanka reer Brazil, oo ku guuldareystay inuu helo xiriir muhiim ah
ayaa xaqiijiyay arrimo halis ah oo ku lug leh ED sida sonkorowga iyo CVDs ee ragga
da'da 18-40 sano jir [16].
Guud ahaan, farqiyaddan ayaa la filayay, iyada oo xaqiiqda ah in ED ee
ragga da 'yarta ah ayaa badanaa lala xiriiriyaa maskaxiyan badan
sababaha dadka dhexdooda ah oo badanaaba ah sababo macquul ah
[8, 30, 31]. Intaa waxaa dheer, Mialon et al. [15] waxay muujisay in farqiga u dhaxeeya ragga da'da yar iyo kuwa da'da ah ay ahaayeen
caafimaadka maskaxda iyo aragtida daawooyinka. Iskuduwaha ED
bukaanka, waxaan ogaanay in raga yar yar in badanaa la qabatimay
sigaar cabista iyo daroogooyinka sharci darrada ah (ie cannabis / marijuana iyo
kokain) marka loo eego bukaanka qaangaarka ah. Xogta hore ee isticmaalka joogtada ah
Maandooriyaha - gaar ahaan cannabis, opiates, iyo kookeeyn-waxay muujiyeen maya
caddayn aan caddayn oo xiriir la leh ED [32-34],
waxaana hubaal ah in dhowr aragti ay soo jeediyeen door ka qaadashada
sigaarka sigaarka ee joogtada ah ee loogu talagalay dhiirigelinta naafanimada hawlaha xitaa
shaqsiyaadka dhalinyarada ah [7, 34-37].
Sababtoo ah nooca sharaxaadda ee daraasaddeenna, ma awoodno inaan u qaadanno
haddii dabeecadaha ugu dambeeya hab nololeedku si cad ay ula xiriiri karaan
bilawga ED ee ragga dhallinyarada ah, laakiin xaqiiqdii waa macquul in la qiyaaso
in labadoodaba ay suurtogal tahay in ay door ka ciyaaraan arrimo kale
dhiirigelinta naafanimada hawlaha jirka. Taa bedelkeed, tani waa daba dheeraatay
Cudurrada maandooriyaha ee madadaalada-taas oo dhici karta inay sidoo kale noqon karto
waxyeelo maaha oo keliya caafimaadka galmada -waxay sii xoojisaa walaaca ka jira
Jaangooynta laga soo qaatay fiirsigeena, ie, rubuc ka mid ah ragga
yimaadaan si aad u raadsato caawimaad koowaad ee ED waxay ku hoos jirtaa 40 sanado badan, mararna wargalin
isticmaalka joogtada ah ee walxaha waxyeelada leh, badanaa xataa sharci darro.

Ugu dambeyntii,
waxaynu qiimeynnaa heerarka dhimirka ED ee labada kooxood;
Qiyaasaha ED-ga ee kala duwan ayaa laga helay kooxaha dhexdooda. Of
Muhiimadda ugu weyn, ku dhawaad ​​kala bar dadka ka hooseeya 40 da'da sano
waxay ku dhacdey ED daran sida ku xusan Cappelleri et al. [24],
in siciradani ay yihiin kuwo la barbar dhigi karo taas oo lagu arkay dadka waayeelka ah.
Fikradayada, raadintaan ayaa ugu dambeyntii soo jeedin doonta in
Dhibaatada kacsiga waxaa laga yaabaa in loo arko mid aan da 'yareyn
bukaanka sida rag da 'weyn, sidaas darteed taageeraya xaqiiqda ah in galmada this
Dhibaatadu waxay u qalantaa feejignaan ku filan oo ku saabsan dhaqanka maalinlaha ah
da 'kasta. Sidoo kale, waxaan qiimeynay sida ay bukaanku ED-da uga yar yihiin iyo kuwa ka sii weyn
ayaa udub dhexaad u ah shaqada guud ee galmada, sida lagu qeexay isticmaalka
noocyada IIEF kala duwan. Iyadoo loo eegayo xogihii hore ee muujinaya
isbedelka dheer ee shanta meelood ee ficilada galmada ayaa wada socda
wakhti ka dib [38],
ma aanan arag wax isbeddel ah oo ka dhexjiray domain kasta ee IIEF
inta u dhaxaysa kooxaha. Dareenkan, waxaa suurtagal noqon karta in la isweydiiyo,
xitaa haddii ay jiraan sababo kala duwan oo ku saabsan ED, qalabka IIEF ma noqon karo
awood u leh inay takooris ku sameyso xannibaadda pathophysiology ee ED. Dhab ahaantii,
inkasta oo ED ay tahay mid si macquul ah loo fasiray hawlaha IIEF-erectile
domain, ayaa lagu soo bandhigay in lagu xisaabiyo CCI sare, oo noqon karta
loo tixgeliyey wakiil la isku halayn karo oo ah heerka caafimaadka guud ee ragga,
iyadoon loo eegaynin etiology of ED [3], Deveci et al. [39] hore u fashilmeen inay muujiyaan in IIEF laga yaabo inay awoodaan
kala-takoorka u dhaxeeya dabiiciga iyo nafsiyaadka ED. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa
hubaal run ah in tiro daraasado ah ay soo jeediyeen in ED noqon karto a
muuqaalka guud ee dhacdooyinka CVD [40, 41]. Waxaa ka mid ah, Chew et al. [41],
tusaale ahaan, baadhis ED sida saadaaliyaha dhacdooyinka CVD ee a
dadweynaha ragga oo leh ED oo u dhaxeeya 20 iyo 89 da'da; kuwaas
qorayaashu waxay heleen khatar aad u weyn oo loogu talagalay dhacdooyinka CVD ee ED dadka buka
ka yar da'da 40. Taa bedelkeed, qiimaha saadaalinta hoos u dhaca ah ee ED
munaasabadaha CVD waxaa lagu arkay dadyowga waaweyn [41].
Guud ahaan, natiijooyinkan hore iyo natiijooyinkayaga hadda waxa ay soo jeedin karaan
in baadhitaanka ED waa hab qiimo leh oo lagu aqoonsanayo dhalinyarada iyo
ragga da'doodu dhexdhexaad tahay oo ah musharaxiin qiimo leh oo khatar u ah wadnaha
qiimeynta iyo faragelinta daaweynta dambe. Xitaa haddii inta badan
bukaanno da'daan ah waxay u badan tahay in ay ku dhacaan aafo aan haboonayn,
waxaa jiri kara saamiga ay ka cabanayaan ED-da organic
Fikrado ballaadhan, oo leh ED oo ah calaamadda kaliya ee loo yaqaan 'a.'
Xaalad khatar ah oo ka timaadda caafimaadka (ie, atherosclerosis). In this
macnaha guud, Kupelian et al., tusaale ahaan, barashada dadweynaha 928
iyada oo aan laga helin MeTs, waxay muujisay in ED uu saadaaliyay mustaqbalka
MeTS ee bukaanka qaba BMI-ga caadiga ah ee aasaasiga ah [42],
sidaas daraadeed xooga saaraya qiimaha ED sida arin si ay u caawiso dhiirigelinta raga dhalinyarada ah
si loo helo hab nololeed caafimaad oo muddo dheer ah, oo wax ka beddeli kara halista
cudurada sida sonkorowga iyo CVD, iyo kuwo kale.

Our
daraasadku maaha mid ka mid ah xaddidaadaha. Marka hore, koox yar oo yar yar
ragga ayaa xaddidi kara macnaha macnaha natiijooyinkeena, markaad qaadato
xisaabi kaliya bukaanka loo gudbiyey daawo galmo
bukaan socod eegtada bukaan-socodka ayaa xaqiijin karta xulashada xulashada marka loo eego darnaanta
ee ED, taas oo keentay in ay seegaan tiro dad ah oo leh ED-da sahlan iyo
yar oo dhiirigalin ah si aad u raadsato gargaar caafimaad. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaynu tixgelineynaa arrintan
Habka cilaaqaadku wuxuu si siman u ahaanayaa kooxo da'doodu u dhaxayso, sidaas darteed
ma wiiqayso qiimaha natiijooyinkaas. Marka labaad, ma aanan qiimeyn
heerarka niyad-jabka ama walwalka iyadoo la adeegsanayo qalabyada cilmi-nafsiga ee saxda ah.
Marka la eego macnaha guud, xiriirka sababaha u dhexeeya ED iyo sidoo kale
niyadjab ama walaac, ama labadaba, waxay u badan tahay laba jibbaar; runtii, ED
waxaa laga yaabaa in la helo ka dib markii niyadjab ama walwal ah in, marka laga soo tago, laga yaabo inay noqoto
Dhibaatada ka dhalatey galmo kasta. Haysashada qalab awood u leh
takooridda xaaladdan waxay noqon kartaa mid muhiim u ah kiliinikada
gaar ahaan dadka dhalinyarada ah. Saddexaad, falanqaynteenna ma aysan sameyn
si gaar ah loo qiimeeyo taariikhda galmada bukaanka iyo galmada ku saabsan
xilliga qaangaarka. Marka la eego, Martins iyo Abdo [16] waxay muujisay sida la'aanta macluumaadka ku saabsan galmada ee bukaanka aadka u yaryar
oo lala xiriiriyo ED sababtoo ah cabsida suurtagalka ah iyo shakiga ay sare u qaadeen taboos
iyo rajooyin aan caadi ahayn. Bukaanka qaba dhibaatooyinka oo dhan
bilawga noloshooda galmada waxay muujinaysaa dhacdooyinka sare ee ED, laga yaabee
oo ay soo saaraan wareeg ah walaac iyo guuldarooyin oo ugu dambeyntii u horseedi kara
waxqabadka galmada ee qofka [43].
Ugu dambeyntii, falanqaynteenu ma tixgelinayno dhaqaalaha bulshada
qaybaha nolosha; Xaqiiqdii, dakhliga qoyska oo kordhay ayaa la muujiyey
si wanaagsan ula xariir habdhaqanka daaweyn-raadinta, halkaa
Dhibaatada dhaqaale waxay ugu dambaynteeda u taagan tahay caqabad [44].
Waxaan go'aansanay, si kastaba ha ahaatee, inaanu u codsanno macluumaadka dakhliga sababta oo ah kuwa hooseeya
jawaabta su'aalaha dakhliga ee aan inta badan helno nolosha dhabta ah
dhaqdhaqaaqa bukaan socodka xilliyada booqashooyinka xafiiska.

Gabagabada

In
taas oo ka soo horjeeda wixii laga soo sheegay daraasadda dadweynaha
Maqnaanshaha ED ee bukaanada yaryar, natiijooyinka noo muujiyaan in mid ka mid ah
afar nin oo doonaya caawimaad caafimaad oo loogu talagalay ED ee ku saabsan dhaqanka maalinlaha ah ee caafimaadka
bukaan-socod-eegtada bukaan-socodka waa da 'yar oo ka hooseeya da'da sanadka 40. Intaa waxaa dheer,
ku dhowaad kala badh ka mid ah ragga da'yarta ah ayaa la kulmay ED daran, taasi waxay ahayd
saamiga la barbar dhigi karo iyadoo lagu arkay dadka waayeelka ah. U soo guurista
waxqabadka kiliinikada ee maalinlaha ah, natiijooyinka iminka socda ayaa nagu siiya inaan sii wadno
sharxi muhiimada qaadashada caafimaad iyo jinsi dhammaystiran
taariikhda iyo fulinta imtixaan jirka ah oo dhamaystiran dhammaan ragga
ED, iyadoon loo eegin da'dooda. Sidoo kale, marka la eego tirada hoose ee raadinta
caawimaad caafimaad oo loogu talagalay xanuunada la xiriira caafimaadka galmada, natiijooyinkaas
muujiyaan xitaa baahida loo qabo in daryeel bixiyeyaasha daryeelka caafimaadku si firfircoon u weydiiyaan
ku saabsan cabashooyinka galmada suurtagal ah, hal mar xitaa xitaa raga ka yar
40 sano jir. Sababtoo ah cabbirka saamiga hadda waa mid xadidan, waxaan u badanahay
ma soo saari karaan gunaanad guud; Sidaa darteed, daraasado dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan
shaybaarro badan oo ku salaysan dadka ayaa loo baahan yahay si loo xaqiijiyo natiijooyinkaas
si loo sii sharaxo doorka kartida leh ee ED khatar ahaan
ee cudurrada caafimaadka ee ragga ka hooseeya da'da 40 sano.

Isku Dhaca Danaha: Qorayaashu ma soo sheegaan wax iska hor imaad ah oo dano ah.

Qoraalka Awooda

Category 1

  • (A) 
    Fikradda iyo Naqshadeynta
    Paolo Capogrosso; Andrea Salonia
  • (B) 
    Helitaanka Xogta
    Michele Colicchia; Eugenio Ventimiglia; Giulia Castagna; Maria Chiara Clementi; Fabio Castiglione
  • (C) 
    Falanqaynta iyo Tarjumida Macluumaadka
    Nazareno Suardi; Andrea Salonia; Francesco Cantiello

Category 2

  • (A) 
    Qorista Qodobka
    Paolo Capogrosso; Andrea Salonia
  • (B) 
    Dib-u-eegis Miisaaniyadda Aqoonta
    Andrea Salonia; Alberto Briganti; Rocco Damiano

Category 3

  • (A) 
    Oggolaanshaha kama dambaysta ah ee Qodobka Dhameystiran
    Andrea Salonia; Francesco Montorsi

tixraacyada

  • 1
    Glina S, Aqoonsiga Sharlip, Hellstrom WJ. Wax ka beddelidda qodobada halista ah si looga hortago oo loo daaweeyo cillad aan caadi ahayn. J Caafimaadka Med 2013;10:115-119.        

    Xiriir toos ah:
  • 2
    Corona G, Lee DM, Forti G, O'Connor DB, Maggi M, O'Neill TW, Pendleton N, Bartfai G, Boonen S, Casanueva FF, Finn JD, Giwercman A, Han TS, Huhtaniemi IT, Kula K, Lean ME, Punab M, Silman AJ, Vanderschueren D, Wu FC, Kooxda Daraasada EMAS. Da'da ku xiran
    isbeddel ku yimaada caafimaadka guud iyo galmada ee ragga da'da dhexe iyo weynba:
    Natiijooyinka ka soo baxa Daraasada Da'da Yurub (EMAS)    . J Caafimaadka Med 2010;7:1362-1380.            

    Xiriir toos ah:
  • 3
    Salonia A, Castagna G, Saccà A, Ferrari M, Capitanio U, Castiglione F, Rocchini L, Briganti A, Rigatti P, Montorsi F. Is
    Qalab la'aan erectile ah wakiil la isku halayn karo oo ah xaaladda caafimaadka guud ee raga?
    Kiiska loogu talagalay Index Index of Function Erectile-Erectile
    Domain Function    . J Caafimaadka Med 2012;9:2708-2715.            

    Xiriir toos ah:
  • 4
    Montorsi F, Briganti A, Salonia A, Rigatti P, Margonato A, Macchi A, Galli S, Ravagnani PM, Montorsi P. Erectile
    kicinta cillad la'aanta, wakhtiga bilawga ah iyo xiriirka lala leeyahay arrimaha khatarta
    ee 300 bukaanka isku xigta oo leh xanuunka foosha iyo xanuunka
    Calaamadaha loo yaqaan 'coronary artery disease'    . Eur Urol 2003;44:360-364.            

  • 5
    Guo W, Liao C, Zou Y, Li F, Li T, Zhou Q, Cao Y, Mao X. Xaalad aan fiicnayn iyo khatarta ka iman karta dhacdooyinka wadnaha:. J Caafimaadka Med 2010;7:2805-2816.        

    Xiriir toos ah:
  • 6
    Dong JY, Zhang YH, Qin LQ. Cilad xumo iyo halista cudurrada wadnaha iyo xididada: Daraasada Meta-baaritaanka daraasada mustaqbalka. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011;58:1378-1385.        

  • 7
    Feldman HA, Goldstein I, Hatzichristou DG, Krane RJ, McKinlay JB. Dhibaatada iyo daaweyntiisa iyo cilmi-nafsiyeedku waxay isku xiran yihiin: Natiijooyinka Massachusetts Daraasada Da'da ah ee Haweenka. J Urol 1994;151:54-61.        

  • 8
    Laumann EO, Paik A, Rosen RC. Ciladda galmada ee Maraykanka: Diidmada iyo saadaalinta. JAMA 1999;281:537-544.        

  • 9
    Prins J, Blanker MH, Bohnen AM, Thomas S, Bosch JL. Ka-hortagga xinjirnimada erectile: Dib-u-eegis nidaamsan ee daraasado ku saleysan dadweynaha. Int J Impot Res 2002;14:422-432.        

  • 10
    Roth A, Kalter-Leibovici O, Kerbis Y, Tenenbaum-Koren E, Chen J, Sobol T, Raz I. baahsanaanta
    iyo calaamadaha halista ah ee cillad aan caadi ahayn ee ragga qaba sonkorowga,
    dhiig-karka, ama labada cudurba: Sahan bulsheed oo ka socda 1,412 Israeli
    rag    . Clin Cardiol 2003;26:25-30.            

    Xiriir toos ah:
  • 11
    Hyde Z, Flicker L, Hankey GJ, Almeida OP, McCaul KA, Chubb SA, Yeap BB. Maqnaanshaha iyo saadaalinta dhibaatooyinka galmada ee ragga da'doodu tahay 75-95 sano: Daraasad dadweyne ku salaysan. J Caafimaadka Med 2012;9:442-453.        

    Xiriir toos ah:
  • 12
    Gacci M, Eardley I, Giuliano F, Hatzichristou D, Kaplan SA, Maggi M, McVary KT, Mirone V, Porst H, Roehrborn CG. Halis
    falanqaynta xiriirka ka dhaxeeya xanaaqa iyo hoos u dhaca
    Calaamadaha 'traumatic hyperplasia' ayaa sabab u ah    . Eur Urol 2011;60:809-825.            

  • 13
    Parazzini F, Menchini Fabris F, Bortolotti A, Calabrò A, Chatenoud L, Colli E, Landoni M, Lavezzari M, Turchi P, Sessa A, Mirone V. Joogista iyo go'aaminta cillad la'aanta erectile ee Talyaaniga. Eur Urol 2000;37:43-49.        

  • 14
    Ponholzer A, Temml C, Mock K, Marszalek M, Obermayr R, Madersbacher S. Ka hortagga iyo ciladaha khatarta ah ee cillad la'aanta erectile ee ragga 2869 iyagoo isticmaalaya su'aal ku habboon. Eur Urol 2005;47:80-85.        

  • 15
    Mialon A, Berchtold A, Michaud PA, Gmel G, Suris JC. Dhibaatooyinka galmada ee ragga dhallinyarada ah: Saamaynta iyo arrimaha la xiriira. J Adol Health 2012;51:25-31.        

  • 16
    Martins FG, Abdo CH. Xaaladaha aan kala sooc lahayn iyo isirrada isdhexgalka ee ragga reer Brazil ee da'doodu tahay 18-40. J Caafimaadka Med 2010;7:2166-2173.        

    Xiriir toos ah:
  • 17
    Pescatori ES, Giammusso B, Piubello G, Yuhuudda aan Yuhuudda ahayn, Farina FP. Socdaalka dhabta ah ee codsiyada caawimada lagu soo bandhigay dhakhaatiirta takhasuska galmada: Soo bandhigida dhibka galmada labka ah. J Caafimaadka Med 2007;4:762-770.        

    Xiriir toos ah:
  • 18
    NIH guddi isku dubaridan oo aan awood lahayn. JAMA 1993;270:83-90.        

  • 19
    Charlson ME, Pompei P, Ales KL, MacKenzie CR. Nidaam cusub oo lagu kala soocayo iskudhafid xumada daraasaddaha muddada dheer: Horumarinta iyo ansixinta. Jaamicad Dhan 1987;40:373-383.        

  • 20
    Machadyada Qaranka ee Caafimaadka, Wadnaha Qaranka, Sambabka, iyo Machadka Dhiiga. Tilmaamaha caafimaadka ee ku saabsan aqoonsiga, qiimeynta, iyo daaweynta miisaanka iyo cayilka dadka waaweyn - Warbixinta Caddaynta. Obes Res 1998;6(supplied):51-210S.
  • 21
    Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Daniels SR, Donato KA, Eckel RH, Franklin BA, Gordon DJ, Krauss RM, Savage PJ, Smith SC Jr, Spertus JA, Costa F, Ururka wadnaha Mareykanka; Wadnaha Qaranka, Sambabka, iyo Machadka Dhiiga. Cilad-
    iyo maamulka maadada dheef-shiid kiimikaad: Qalab Mareykan ah
    Ururka / Machadka Wadnaha, Sambabka, iyo Machadka Cilmi-baarista
    Statement    . wareegga 2005;112:2735-2752.            

  • 22
    Ururka Mareykanka ee Dhakhaatiirta Endocrinologists-ka Kiliinikada. Tilmaamaha daaweynta ee daaweynta bukaan-socodka ee qiimeynta iyo daaweynta cudurka hypogonadism ee bukaanka qaangaarka ah ee waaweyn-2002. Imtixaanka indhaha 2002;8:440-456.
  • 23
    Rosen RC, Riley A, Wagner G, Osterloh IH, Kirkpatrick J, Mishra A. Dhaqdhaqaaqa caalamiga ah ee shaqaynta qaloocan (IIEF): Qiyaasta kala duwan ee qiimaynta cillad aan caadi ahayn. urology 1997;49:822-830.        

  • 24
    Cappelleri JC, Rosen RC, Smith MD, Mishra A, Osterloh IH. Qiimaynta qeexitaanka ee ficilka shaqada ee erectile ee Index Index of Functional Elemency. urology 1999;54:346-351.        

  • 25
    Kaye JA, Jick H. Xaalad
    ee cillad aan fiicnayn iyo dabeecadaha bukaanada ka hor iyo
    ka dib markii hordhaca sildenafil ee boqortooyada Ingiriiska:
    Daraasad qaybeed oo la barbardhigay bukaanka    . Br Med J 2003;22:424-425.            

  • 26
    Braun M, Wassmer G, Klotz T, Reifenrath B, Mathers M, Engelmann U. Epidemiology-ka hoos u dhaca maqaarka: Natiijooyinka "Cologne Male Survey". Int J Impot Res 2000;12:305-311.        

  • 27
    Martin-Morales A, Sanchez-Cruz JJ, Saenz de Tejada I, Rodriguez-Vela L, Jimenez-Cruz JF, Burgos-Rodriguez R. baahsanaanta
    iyo waxyaabaha khatarta ah ee khatarta ah ee cillad la'aanta erectile ee Spain: Natiijooyinka
    of Epidemiologia de la Disfunction Daraasad Maqal ah MAsculina Study    . J Urol 2001;166:569-574.            

  • 28
    De Berardis G, Pellegrini F, Franciosi M, Pamparana F, Morelli P, Tognoni G, Nicolucci A, EDEN Study Group. Maareynta dherjinta erectile guud ahaan waxqabadka. J Caafimaadka Med 2009;6:1127-1134.        

    Xiriir toos ah:
  • 29
    Akre C, Michaud PA, Suris JC. “Waxaan ka eegi doonaa marka hore shabakada”: Caqabadaha iyo ka gudbida caqabadaha si aan ugula tashado cillad jinsi ragga dhalinyarada ah. Swiss Med Wkly 2010;140:348-353.        

  • 30
    Angst J. Dhibaatooyinka galmada ee dadka caafimaadka qaba iyo kuwa niyadjababa. Hoos-u-dhalashada Clin Psychopharmacol 1998;13(sii 6):S1-4.        

  • 31
    Gratzke C, Angulo J, Chitaley K, Dai YT, Kim NN, Paick JS, Simonsen U, Uckert S, Wespes E, Andersson KE, Lue TF, Stief CG. Daraasad, fiisi-jimicsi, iyo fayaqobixin-xummo aan caadi ahayn. J Caafimaadka Med 2010;7:445-475.        

    Xiriir toos ah:
  • 32
    Aversa A, Rossi F, Francomano D, Bruzziches R, Bertone C, Santiemma V, Spera G. Cilad-xumada hore ee cillad la'aanta ah sida calaamad muujinaysa cillad aan fiicnayn oo aan caadi ahayn ee dadka isticmaala xayawaanka cannabis. Int J Impot Res 2008;20:566-573.        

  • 33
    Shamloul R, Bella AJ. Saamaynta isticmaalka cannabis ee caafimaadka galmada. J Caafimaadka Med 2011;8:971-975.        

    Xiriir toos ah:
  • 34
    Mannino DM, Klevens RM, Flanders WD. Sigaar cabista sigaarka: Khatarta khatarta ee madax-bannaan ee awood la'aanta? Am J Epidemiol 1994;140:1003-1008.        

  • 35
    Nicolosi A, Moreira ED Jr, Shirai M, Bin Tambi MI, Qaboojiyaha DB. Faafa
    Qalab la'aanta qalafsan ee afarta waddan: Daraasad cilmi baaris ah oo ka socota
    baahsanaanta iyo isku-xidhnaanshaha cillad aan caadi ahayn    . urology 2003;61:201-206.            

  • 36
    Rosen RC, Wing R, Schneider S, Gendrano N. Epidemiology-ka hoos u dhaca maqaarka: Doorka is-goysyada caafimaad iyo xaaladaha hab-nololeedka. Urol Clin North Am 2005;32:403-417.        

  • 37
    Harte CB, Meston CM. Dareemo
    saameynta nicotine ku saabsan nafsadda iyo nafsiyadeed ee galmada
    raga aan raali ka aheyn: Laba-indho-indhayn, laban-indho-doorsoon, tijaabo xakameyn xakameynaya    . J Caafimaadka Med 2008;5:110-121.            

    Xiriir toos ah:
  • 38
    Gades NM, Jacobson DJ, McGree ME, St Sauver JL, Lieber MM, Nehra A, Girman CJ, Jacobsen SJ. Longitudinal
    Qiimeynta jimicsiga galmada ee ragga labka ah: Degmada Olmsted
    barashada calaamadaha kaadida iyo xaaladda caafimaad ee ragga    . J Caafimaadka Med 2009;6:2455-2466.            

    Xiriir toos ah:
  • 39
    Deveci S, O'Brien K, Axmed A, Parker M, Guhring P, Mulhall JP. Muujinta caalamiga ah ee hawlaha qalooca ma kala duwanaan karaan waxqabadka dabiiciga ah iyo nafsaaniga ah? BJU Int 2008;102:354-356.        

    Xiriir toos ah:
  • 40
    Schouten BW, Bohnen AM, Bosch JL, Bernsen RM, Deckers JW, Dohle GR, Thomas S. Erectile
    Qalal la'aantu waxay la xiriirtaa cudurada wadnaha
    Tirada dadka reer Holland: Natiijooyinka ka soo baxa Daraasadda Krimpen    . Int J Impot Res 2008;20:92-99.            

  • 41
    Chew KK, Finn J, Stuckey B, Gibson N, Sanfilippo F, Bremner A, Thompson P, Hobbs M, Jamrozik K. Xaalad la'aan Erectile sida saadaalinta ah ee dhacdooyinka atherosclerotic ah ee dhacdooyinka wadnaha: Natiijooyinka ka soo daraasad-xog waxbarasho. J Caafimaadka Med 2010;7:192-202.        

    Xiriir toos ah:
  • 42
    Kupelian V, Shabsigh R, Araujo AB, O'Donnell AB, McKinlay JB. Qalitaan aan nadiif ahayn sida saadaalinta xaaladda dheef-shiid kiimikaadka ee gabowga ah: Natiijooyinka ka soo baxa Massachusetts Male. J Urol 2006;176:222-226.        

  • 43
    Brottons FB, Campos JC, Gonzalez-Correales R, Martín-Morales A, Moncada I, Pomerol JM. Dukumiinti muhiim ah oo ku saabsan cillad aan caadi ahayn: Noocyada muhiimka ah ee daryeelka bukaanka qaba xanuunka erectile. Int J Impot Res 2004;16(2 ayaa bixiya):S26-39.        

  • 44
    Travison TG, Hall SA, Fisher WA, Araujo AB, Rosen RC, McKinlay JB, Sand MS. Isku-dhafka PDE5i ayaa isticmaala mawduucyada leh cillad aan caadi ahayn oo ku jirta laba baaris oo ku salaysan dadweynaha. J Caafimaadka Med 2011;8:3051-3057.