Waxaa qoray Jim Steinberg, Qoraa Shaqaalaha - La dhejiyay: 12/09/2009 04:56:58 PM PST
Haddii aad taqaanid qof leh dhibaato khamaar oo ay dhahaan ma joojin karo, waxaa jira sabab aad u wanaagsan. Mana aha awood la’aan. Khamaariiste noolaha wuxuu leeyahay astaamo maskaxeed oo ka duwan kan caadiga ah, saynisyahannadu hadda way rumaysan yihiin.
Farsamooyin casri ah oo lagu baaro ayaa loo isticmaalay in lagu barto khamaarayaasha khasabka ah natiijooyinkuna waxay muujiyeen in jawaabta kiimikada maskaxda ee khamaarka ay la mid tahay jawaabta daroogada daroogada ee hagaajinta ama jawaabta aalkolada ee cabitaanka adag, ayay yiraahdeen dhakhaatiirta maskaxda ee ka tirsan Xarunta Caafimaadka ee Loma Linda UCLA.
Khamaaristu waxay kicin kartaa isla sii deynta dopamine - kiimikada abaalmarinta maskaxda - sida daroogooyinka sharci darrada ah ama aalkolada, Drs. Peter Prezkop oo ka tirsan Loma Linda iyo Timothy Fong oo ka tirsan UCLA ayaa oggolaaday. Maaddaama dadka isticmaala daroogada iyo aalkolada ay ku eryanayaan heerkoodii ugu horreeyay iyaga oo isticmaala mukhaadaraad badan, khamaarayaasha cudurada wadata ayaa ceyrsada dhaq dhaqaaqooda ugu horreeya - badanaa iyagoo kordhiya lacagta ay dul dhigaan qamaarka.
“Muhiim ma ahan inaad guuleysato ama aad lumiso. Dad badan, waa degdega, ”ayuu yiri Bob, khamaariiste cudurada ka soo kabanaya oo ku nool Upland kana qayb gala shirarka Gamblers Anonymous ee ka dhaca Rancho Cucamonga. (Khamaarayaasha Xubnaha Anonymous ma sheegaan magacyadooda dambe).
Inkasta oo khamaarku uu kicinayo qaybo ka mid ah maskaxda si loo xoojiyo, qaybo kale ayaa noqda kuwo firfircoon, ayuu yiri Fong, oo ah agaasime ka ah Barnaamijka Daraasada Khamaarka ee UCLA iyo agaasimaha Xarunta Caafimaadka Cudurrada UCLA ee UCLA. Prezkop, oo ah kaaliyaha borofisarka cilmu-nafsiga ee LLUMC, ayaa yiri Meelaha maskaxda ee ka shaqeynaya xadka xayawaanka, shaqada, qoyska iyo masuuliyadda ayaa noqda mid firfircoon.
"Waxaan u arkaa (xad dhaaf) khamaarka inuu yahay cillad maskaxeed," ayuu yiri Fong. Xirfadaha fulinta ee sare ee fulinta iyo xalinta dhibaatooyinka ayaa naaqus ah. Waxay la mid tahay bukaanada qabatimay daawada methamphetamine. ” Caqabada dhabta ah ee daaweynta ayaa ah in taas laga laabto. ”
Qiimaynta Khariidadda Khamaarista Khamaarka ee California oo dhamaystiran waxay ogaatay in heerka guud ee heerka nolosha ee saamiga iyo khamaarka noolaha ee California uu yahay 2006 boqolkiiba dadka qaangaarka ah, oo u dhow qiyaasta sare ee qiyaasta qaranka, laga bilaabo boqolkiiba 3.7 ilaa 2 boqolkiiba. Daraasadan lama cusbooneysiinin.
Fong wuxuu sheegay in natiijada sahaminta ee 2006 ay laba jeer ka badan tahay tii ay ku jirtay sahaminta ku dhowaad labaatan sano ka hor - ka hor intaanay kobcin ciyaaraha Hindiya. Sanadkii la soo dhaafay, tirada wicitaanada Golaha Kalifoorniya ee Khadka Kulubka ee Dhibaatada waxay muujisay 40 boqolkiiba koror, laga bilaabo 10,912 2006 ilaa 18,470 wicitaanada 2008. Sanadkii la soo dhaafay, 7.5 boqolkiiba wicitaanada waxay ka yimaadeen lambarka deegaanka 909, 6.6 boqolkiiba waxay ahaayeen laga bilaabo lambarka deegaanka 951, 3.2 boqolkiiba waxay ahaayeen 323, iyo 3.3 boqolkiiba waxay ahaayeen labada 626 iyo 562, sida lagu sheegay warbixinnada.
San Manuel Indian Bingo iyo Casino oo u dhow Highland, dadaal lagu doonayo in lagu dhiirrigeliyo khamaar mas'uul ah ayaa si dhab ah loo qaadaa, ayuu yiri Steve Lengel, oo ah agaasimaha fulinta ee howlaha. Kasiinadu waa mid ka mid ah kuwa yar ee gobolka ka tirsan ee ay ka caddeeyeen hay'adaha balwadda khamaarka ee gobolka iyo qaranka, ayuu yiri. Dhammaan 3,000 oo shaqaale ah, “si kasta oo ay jago u tahay” waxaa loo tababaray inay raadiyaan khamaarayaasha dhibaatada leh.
Haddii ay maqlaan ama arkaan calaamado, ka dib waxay u tegi lahaayeen safiir, shaqaale loo tababaray heer sare, kaasoo la hadli doona khamaaraha “si xasaasi ah,” ayay tiri Lengel. Safiirka ayaa kala hadli doona khadka qadka, isagoo xusaya in lataliyeyaasha taleefoonka ay la sameysan karaan koox taageero ama la talin ah. Xaaladaha qaarkood, khamaarahu wuxuu dooran karaa inuu "naftooda ka mamnuuco" khamaarka. Amniga ayaa laga feejignaan karaa haddii ay mar dambe dib u galaan oo ay isticmaalaan kaarkooda naadiga, ayuu yiri.
Hae Wang Lee, oo ah la taliye sharciyeysan oo balwadda khamaarka ku leh Walnut, ayaa sheegay in khamaarayaashu ay qarin karaan saamaynta caado ay ka helaan kuwa ka badan kuwa balwadaha kale leh. Khamaarayaasha badankood waxay leeyihiin IQ oo ah 120 ama ka sareeya. Waxay yihiin kuwo aad u dhalaalaya, oo qorshayn kara oo si fudud been u sheegi kara, ”ayuu yidhi.
Jane Shultz, oo maamusha barnaamijka degdegga ah ee bukaan-jiifka ee West Los Angeles iyo Redlands oo daaweynaya dhammaan waxyaabaha khatarta ah, ayaa sheegay in sabab weyn oo loogu talagalay khamaarka uu yahay gargaarka walaaca iyo walwalka. Ardaydu si dhakhso ah ayey u qaadan karaan isticmaalka khamaarka khamaarka internetka, ayay tiri. Hal kiis, arday ayaa ku jiray kombiyuutarka saacadaha 30 toosan, ayay tiri.
Shultz ayaa sheegay in ay jiraan afar weji oo ka mid ah xaaladaha khatarta ah ee ka sii daraya khamaarka dhibaatada leh:
- Gaaritaanka marxaladda: khamaar marmar ah oo leh lacag badan oo sii kordhaysa;
- Xaaladda guuldarada: Deynta ayaa bilaabaysa inay isku uruursato;
- Wejiga quusta: Khamaaristu waxay bilaabeysaa inay lacag xadidaan si ay u kiciyaan caado khamaarista.
- Marxal aan rajo lahayn: Khamaaristu waxa ay ka dhex dillaacday deyn, furiinka iyo fekerada isdilka.
Marc Lefkowitz, oo ah ku simaha agaasimaha fulinta iyo agaasimaha tababarka ee Anaheim oo fadhigeedu yahay California Council on Dhibaatada Khamaarka, ayaa sheegay inay ku adagtahay khamaarayaasha balwada leh inay ka soo kabtaan furiinka kadib. "Ma haystaan meel ay dib ugu noqdaan, ma haystaan sabab ay ku joojiyaan," ayuu yiri Lefkowitz, oo sidoo kale casharro ka bixiya sida loola taliyo khamaarayaasha dhibaatada leh ee San Bernardino Valley College ee San Bernardino iyo Pierce College ee Woodland Hills.
Bob, oo ka tirsan Gamblers Anonymous, ayaa sheegay in khamaarayaasha cudurada wadata ay leeyihiin heerka ugu sarreeya ee ismiidaaminta ee balwad kasta. "Marar badan culeyska dhaqaale ayaa aad u weyn waxay dareemayaan in xal kale uusan jirin," ayuu yiri.
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