Faallooyinka YBOP: Daraasad cusub ayaa soo tebinaysa tallaabooyin shakhsiyadeed oo taban oo badan oo la xidhiidha isticmaalka sigaarka (isticmaalka cybersex), sida: neerfaha iyo walwalka badan, gardarrada-cadaawadda sare, hoos u dhaca bulshada, hababka la qabsashada,
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J Behav Addict. 2019 Dec 23: 1-10. doi: 10.1556 / 2006.8.2019.69.
Dareeraha J1, Marmet S1, Wicki M.1, Gmel G1,2,3,4.
aan la taaban karin
MAGAALADA IYO Himilooyinka:
Isticmaalka Cybersex (CU) ayaa aad ugu badan dadka Switzerland, gaar ahaan ragga da'da yar. CU waxay yeelan kartaa cawaaqib xumo haddii ay ka baxdo xakamaynta. Daraasadani waxay qiyaastay baahsanaanta CU, inta jeer ee CU (FCU), iyo dhibaatada CU (PCU) iyo isku xirnaantooda.
XISBIGA:
Muunad aan xulasho ahayn oo ragga reer Switzerland ah (N = 5,332, da'da celceliska = 25.45) ayaa dhameystirey su'aalo lagu qiimeynayo FCU iyo PCU, cilmiga bulshada (da'da, gobolka luuqada, iyo waxbarashada), galmada (ku xirnaanshaha xiriirka, tirada lammaanaha galmada, iyo jihada galmada), laqabsasho aan shaqeyn (diidmo, is - jahawareer, kala-soocid dabeecadeed, iyo is-eedeyn), iyo dabeecadaha shakhsiyadeed (gardarro / cadaawad, bulsheed, walwal / neerfeed, iyo dareen raadis). Ururada waxaa lagu tijaabiyay iyadoo la adeegsanayo caqabad iyo moodellada isdabajoogga binomial.
Natiijooyinka:
Ugu yaraan bishiiba CU ayaa laga warbixiyay 78.6% kaqeybgaleyaasha. CU waxay si togan ula xiriirtay waxbarashadda dugsiga sare ka dib (gaar ahaan dugsiga hoose), kuhadlida jarmalka (vs. ku hadlida faransiiska), khaniisnimada, laba jinsi (vs. heterosexuality), in kabadan hal lammaane galmada (vs. mid), laqabsashada dysfunctional ( marka laga reebo diidmada), iyo dhamaan astaamaha shakhsiyadeed marka laga reebo bulshanimada, laakiin si xun ula dhaqan ahaanshaha xiriir (vs. maya), da ', iyo bulsho. FCU waxay si togan ula xiriirtay khaniisnimada, laba-jinsi ahaan, wax aan ka badnayn ama ka badan hal qof oo galmo ah, isku-filnaansho la'aan (iyo diidmo mooyee), iyo dhammaan astaamaha shakhsiyadeed marka laga reebo bulsheed, laakiin si xun ula dhaqanka da'da, ahaanshaha xiriir, iyo is-dhexgalka bulshada. PCU waxay si togan ula xiriirtay lab iyo dhadig, afar ama in ka badan oo lammaaneyaal galmo leh, isku-filnaansho la'aan, iyo dhammaan dabeecadaha shaqsiyadeed marka laga reebo bulsheed, laakiin waxay si xun ula hadashay luqadda Jarmalka iyo bulsheed.
KOOXAHA IYO ARRIMAHA:
CU waa in lagu arkaa nalka ururadeeda leh cilmiga bulshada, arrimaha galmada iyo cilmu-nafsiga. Xirfadlayaasha daryeelka caafimaadku waa inay tixgeliyaan dhinacyadan si ay ula qabsadaan waxqabadyadooda baahida bukaanka.
FURSADAHA: Daraasad kooxeed oo ku saabsan Sababaha Isticmaalka Maandooriyaha; la qabsashada; cybersex; shaqsiyan; galmada; sociodemographics
PMID: 31868514
Hordhac
Isticmaalka internetka ee 'cybersex' (CU) waxaa loola jeedaa isticmaalka Internetka si loogu mashquuliyo howlaha qancinta galmada, oo ay kujirto waxyaabo wasmo ah ama isweydaarsiga fariimaha galmada (Carnes, Delmonico, & Griffin, 2007; Cooper, Delmonico, Griffin-Shelley, & Mathy, 2004; Cooper & Griffin-Shelley, 2002). In kasta oo CU ay tahay mid aan muhiim u ahayn isticmaaleyaasha badankood, helitaanka, aqoonsi la'aanta, iyo awood u lahaanshaha qaawan ee Internetka waxay u horseedi kartaa dhibaato CU (PCU) oo leh cawaaqib xumo ku timaadda shaqsiyaadka qaarkood (Allen, Kannis-Dymand, & Katsikitis, 2017; Cooper, 1998; Cooper, Scherer, Boies, & Gordon, 1999). Daraasaddan ayaa looga golleeyahay in lagu qiyaaso jiritaanka CU, inta jeer ee CU (FCU), iyo PCU ragga dhallinyarada Switzerland, iyo ururadooda ku kala duwan dhaqanka, galmada, iyo isbeddellada nafsadda.
Heerarka ka-hortagga CU waa mid aad u kala duwan inta udhaxaysa daraasadaha min 33% ilaa 75% (eeg Wéry & Billieux, 2017 dib u eegis). Si kastaba ha noqotee, inta badan daraasadaha lagu soo daray dib-u-eegistaas waxay adeegsadeen shaybaar yar ama aan matalin. In kasta oo qayb ballaaran oo ka mid ah cilmi baaristu ay soo jeedinayso xiriir wanaagsan oo ka dhexeeya CU iyo cawaaqib xumada iyo astaamaha balwadaha, haddana weli ma jiro is afgarad ku saabsan fikradda iyo ogaanshaha cudurka maandooriyaha ama ku khasbid (Grubbs, Stauner, Exline, Pargament, & Lindberg, 2015; Wéry & Billieux, 2017). Qaab-dhismeedka aragtiyeed ee kala duwan ayaa horseeday fikrado kala duwan iyo eray bixinno, tusaale, balwadda galmada ee internetka, qabatinka qaawan ee qaawan ee internetka, qasab ku ahaanshaha galmada ee internetka (OSC), iyo qasabka CU (de Alarcón, de la Iglesia, Casado, & Montejo, 2019; Delmonico & Miller, 2003; Fernandez & Griffiths, 2019; Wéry & Billieux, 2017). Suugaanta, dhibaato isticmaalka waxaa badanaa la isticmaalaa halkii laga isticmaali lahaa ereyo gaar ah oo gaar ah sida qabatinka or qasab (Fernandez & Griffiths, 2019). Si loo soo koobo dhamaan fikradaha fikirka, warqadani waxay adeegsaneysaa ereyga Dhibaatooyinka isticmaalka internetka (PCU). PCU waxaa loola jeedaa isticmaalka xad-dhaafka ah ee aan xakamaynta lahayn ee cybersex taasoo horseedaysa dhibaatooyin bulsheed, shaqsiyeed, iyo dhibaatooyin shaqo, oo la xiriira astaamo la mid ah kuwa balwadaha kale, tusaale ahaan, rabitaan joogto ah ama dadaal aan lagu guuleysan oo lagu xakameynayo CU, fikradaha joogtada ah iyo ka-hortagga ee la xiriira CU, CU ee loogu talagalay sharciyeynta niyadda, astaamaha ka noqoshada, dulqaadka, iyo cawaaqibyada kale ee waxyeellada leh (CU)Carnes, 2000; Carnes et al., 2007; Grov et al., 2008; Wéry & Billieux, 2017). Heerarka ka-hortagga ee PCU waxay u dhexeeyaan 5.6% ilaa 17% (eeg Wéry & Billieux, 2017 dib u eegis).
Daraasadihii hore waxay muujiyeen in CU iyo PCU ay ku xirnaayeen noocyo badan oo kala geddisan oo isugu jira galmada iyo dhaqanka. Sicirada waxaa la ogaaday inay ka sarreeyaan ragga marka loo eego dumarka (Döring, Daneback, Shaughnessy, Grov, & Byers, 2017; Giordano & Cashwell, 2017; Luder et al., 2011; Morgan, 2011; Wolak, Mitchell, & Finkelhor, 2007) iyo kuwa ka warbixinaya heerarka sare ee waxbarasho (Træen, Nilsen, & Stigum, 2006). CU sidoo kale waxay la xiriirtay da '. Heerarka ka-hortagga ayaa la ogaaday inay ka kordheen 10 illaa 17 sano jir (Wolak et al., 2007) iyo si loo yareeyo ka dib 18- 24 sano jir (Daneback, Cooper, & Månsson, 2005). Dhanka doorsoomayaasha la xiriira galmada, waxaa la ogaaday in khaniisnimada ama labada jinsi (Cooper, Delmonico, & Burg, 2000; Daneback et al., 2005; Giordano & Cashwell, 2017; Peter & Valkenburg, 2011), kali ahaansho (Ballester-Arnal, Castro-Calvo, Gil-Llario, & Giménez-García, 2014; Cooper et al., 2000; Cooper, Griffin-Shelley, Delmonico, & Mathy, 2001), iyo yeelashada lammaaneyaal galmada badan (Braun-Courville & Rojas, 2009; Daneback et al., 2005) dhammaantood waxay si togan ugu xirnaayeen CU ama PCU.
Sida cilladaha isticmaalka maandooriyaha, sida ciladda aalkolada u isticmaalidda iyo ciladaha isticmaalka xashiishadda (tusaale ahaan, Cooper, Frone, Russell, & Mudar, 1995; Zvolensky et al., 2007), sababaha CU waxaa laguugu dari karaa labada qaybood ee balaadhan ee xoojinta togan iyo taban (eeg Grubbs, Wright, Braden, Wilt, & Kraus, 2019 dib u eegis). Dhinaca kale, cybersex waxaa badanaa loo adeegsadaa ujeedooyin ujeeddo u roon, sida ku qanacsanaanta galmada, madadaalo, iyo kor u qaadista arousal. Grubbs, Wright, et al. (2019) ayaa soo sheegay daraasado taxane ah, oo muujinaya in sifooyinka shakhsiyadda ee la xidhiidha jihaynta-raadinimada, sida dareenka raadinta iyo narcissism, ay si joogto ah xidhiidh ula leh CU. Tani waxay taageertaa in raadinta dareenka ay u horseedi karto shakhsiyaadka isticmaalka cyberexex ujeeddooyinka ku jihaynta raaxada. Dhanka kale, cybersex waxaa sidoo kale badanaa loo adeegsadaa laqabsashada iyo ujeeddooyinka maaraynta niyadda (Grubbs, Wright, et al., 2019). Iyadoo la tixraacayo soo jeedintaan, daraasado dhowr ah ayaa muujinaya in kaliya ma ahan walaaca, jahwareerka, iyo yaraynta caajisnimada ayaa badanaa sababa CU, laakiin sidoo kale xaaladaha la xiriira saameynta xun, sida calaamadaha niyadjabka (tusaale ahaan, Varfi et al., 2019; Weaver et al., 2011) iyo qanacsanaanta nolosha oo hooseysa (tusaale Peter & Valkenburg, 2011), waxay si togan ula shaqeeyaan CU.
Iyadoo lagu saleynayo natiijooyinkaas, qofku wuxuu filan karaa shakhsiyaadka adeegsanaya xeeladaha la qabsiga ee aan shaqeynayn ama dabeecadaha shakhsiyadeed ee ku xiran saamaynta xun inay u nugul yihiin CU iyo PCU. Si kastaba ha noqotee, dib u eegista Grubbs, Wright, et al. (2019) ma sheegin wax caddayn ah oo ku saabsan ururada dabeecadaha shakhsiyadeed ee hoosta ka xariiqaya la qabsiga iyo ujeedooyinka maaraynta niyadda (tusaale ahaan, neerfaha) CU. Si kastaba ha noqotee, seddex daraasadood oo dhowaan la sameeyay ayaa soo wariyay ururada noocaas ah. Wéry, Deleuze, Canale, iyo Billieux (2018) wuxuu helay xiriir wanaagsan oo muhiim ah oo ka dhexeeya PCU iyo deg-degga xun ee xun, waa waji furfurnaan muujineysa u janjeersiga inuu si dhaqso leh wax u qabto markii ay la kulmaan shucuur xumo. Intaa waxaa dheer, Egan iyo Parmar (2013) iyo sidoo kale Shimoni, Dayan, Cohen, iyo Weinstein (2018) waxay muujiyeen jaaliyado wanaagsan oo wanaagsan oo u dhexeeya CU iyo neuroticism sarreeya. Markaa, in kasta oo ururada ka dhexeeya astaamaha shakhsiyadeed ee la xidhiidha ujeeddooyinka-ku-jihaynta iyo CU iyo PCU ay taageerayaan ilo dhawr ah oo isku duuban, waxaa jira caddayn yar oo taageeraysa ururada ka dhexeeya CU iyo PCU iyo istiraatiijiyadaha isdabamarinta iyo sifooyinka shakhsiyadda ee la xidhiidha saamaynta xun.
Daraasadihii hore waxay muujiyeen in CU iyo PCU ay laxiriiraan tiro balaadhan oo ah sociodemographic, galmo, iyo arrimo nafsi ah. Si kastaba ha noqotee, daraasadahaani wali waa yar yihiin oo way xaddidan yihiin sababta oo ah badankood waxay adeegsadeen muunado yar yar oo raaxo leh. Daraasaddan ayaa looga golleeyahay in laga gudbo xaddiddani iyada oo la adeegsanayo muunad weyn oo aan ahayn xulasho oo ragga dhallinyarada ah ee Switzerland si loo qiyaaso heerarka fiditaanka ee CU, FCU, iyo PCU oo ay sahamiyaan ururradooda dhowr dabeecad-bulsheed, jinsi, iyo kala duwanaansho xagga nafsadda ah. Marka la eego isbeddelada dhaqan-ahaaneedka iyo galmada, waxaan qiyaasaynaa heerkaas waxbarasho ee sare, isagoo kali ah, jiheyn jinsi ah, in kabadan hal lammaane galmada ayaa si togan ula xiriiri doona CU, FCU, iyo PCU, halka da 'ahaan si xun loola xiriirin doono. Marka la eego isbeddelada nafsiyeed, waxaan filan karnaa jaaliyadaha wanaagsan ee la qabsashada dhibaatooyinka, dabeecadaha shaqsiyadeed ee la xiriira hanuunin-rayn raynta, iyo saameynta xun ee CU, FCU, iyo PCU
Dariiqooyinka
Xogta waxaa laga soo qaaday Weydiimaha mawjadda-wajiga saddexaad ee Daraasadda Cohort ee Waxyaabaha Khatarta Isticmaalka Maandooriyaha. Swiiserland gudaheeda, qiimeynta uqalmitaanka militariga, madaniga, ama adeeg malahan waa ku qasab dhammaan ragga dhalinyarada ah, iyadoo bixineysa fursad qaas ah oo lagu diiwaan geliyo muunad aan xulasho laheyn oo ka mid ah dadka wadanka ku nool ee 19 jirka ah. Intii u dhaxeysay Agoosto 2010 iyo Noofembar 2011, dhammaan ragga dhallinta ah ee soo tebiya xarumaha shaqaalaysiinta ee Lausanne (Faransiiska ku hadla), Windisch, iyo Mels (ku hadla Jarmalka) ayaa lagu casuumay inay kaqaybqaataan daraasadda. Wadar ahaan 7,556 waxay siisay oggolaasho qoraal ah. Daraasadda C-SURF waxay ka madax bannaanayd nidaamka militariga: xarumaha shaqaalaysiinta waxaa loo isticmaalay in lagu wargaliyo isla markaana la diiwaan geliyo kaqeyb galayaasha, laakiin waxay ku dhameysteen su'aalahooda su'aalaha ka baxsan xaalada militariga. Macluumaad buuxa oo ku saabsan nidaamka diiwaangelinta iyo daraasadda guud ayaa hore loo soo sheegay (Gmel et al., 2015; Studer, Baggio, iyo al., 2013; Daraasad, Mohler-Kuo, et al., 2013). Wadar ahaan 5,516 rag ah (73.0% heerka jawaabta) ayaa buuxiyey xog-waraysi-wejigii saddexaad ee intii u dhaxeysay bishii Abriil 2016 iyo Maarso 2018. Sababo la xiriira qiimihii ka maqnaa ugu yaraan hal dan oo danno ah, 184 jawaab bixiyaasha (3.3% jawaab bixiyaasha) ayaa laga saaray. Muunadda ugu dambeysa ee falanqaynta ayaa ka koobnayd 5,332 kaqeybgaleyaal (96.7% jawaab bixiyaasha). Da'da ka-qaybqaatahu wuxuu ahaa 25.45 sano jir. Waxaa jiray 3,046 (57.1%) Faransiis ku hadla iyo 2,286 (42.9%) kaqeybgalayaasha ku hadla Jarmalka. Wadarta guud ee 173 (3.2%), 2,156 (40.4%), iyo 3,003 (56.3%) kaqeybgaleyaasha ayaa soo sheegey dugsi hoose, tababar xirfadeed, iyo dugsi sare kadib heerka waxbarasho ee ugu sareeya, siday u kala horreeyaan. 1).
|
Jadwalka 1. Sifooyinka sharraxa ee muunadda (N = 5,332)
| Cronbach's α | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Cybersex | |||
| Isticmaalka Cybersex | |||
| Ugu yaraan bille (isticmaalayaasha; N,%) | 4,190 | 78.6 | |
| In ka yar bil kasta (kuwa aan isticmaalin; N,%) | 1,142 | 21.4 | |
| Tirada billaha ah ee isticmaalka cybersex ee adeegsadayaasha internetka (M, SD)a | 9.69 | 7.93 | |
| Isticmaalka cybersex ee dhibaatada leh (PCU) ee isticmaalayaasha | .63 | ||
| Tirada bayaanada PCU la ansaxiyay (M, SD) | 0.76 | 1.13 | |
| Ma jiro qoraallada PCU-ga oo la taageeray (N,%) | 2,397 | 57.2 | |
| Hal ama in kabadan oo bayaanka PCU ah ayaa la ansixiyay (N,%) | 1,793 | 42.8 | |
| Saddex ama in ka badan oo ka mid ah bayaannada PCU-ga ayaa la ansixiyay (N,%) | 374 | 8.9 | |
| Doorsoomayaasha saadaalin kara | |||
| Isbadallada bulshada iyo kuwa galmada | |||
| Gobol luqadeed (Jarmalka ku hadla) (N,%) | 2,286 | 42.9 | |
| Da '(M, SD) | 25.45 | 1.25 | |
| Heerka ugu sareeya ee waxbarashada (N,%) | |||
| Dugsiga hoose | 173 | 3.2 | |
| Tababar xirfadeed | 2,156 | 40.4 | |
| Dugsiga sare kadib | 3,003 | 56.3 | |
| Xariir ku noqosho (N,%) | 898 | 16.8 | |
| Jihada galmada (N,%) | |||
| Kala jinsiga ah | 4,757 | 89.2 | |
| Bisexual | 450 | 8.4 | |
| Khaniisiin | 125 | 2.3 | |
| Tirada lamaanayaasha galmada sanadkii la soo dhaafay (N,%) | |||
| 0 | 701 | 13.1 | |
| 1 | 2,879 | 54.0 | |
| 2-3 | 1,049 | 19.7 | |
| 4+ | 703 | 13.2 | |
| Cilaaqaadka maskaxda | |||
| La qabsashada cillad la'aan | |||
| Diidmada (M, SD) | 2.96 | 1.21 | .64 |
| Is-mashquulin (M, SD) | 4.89 | 1.50 | .43 |
| Kala-baxa dabeecadda (M, SD) | 3.22 | 1.27 | .60 |
| Is-eedeyn (M, SD) | 4.44 | 1.71 | .78 |
| Personality | |||
| Xanuunka neerfaha - Walaaca (M, SD) | 2.19 | 2.17 | .73 |
| Gardarro – Colaad (M, SD) | 3.77 | 2.16 | .60 |
| BulshoM, SD) | 4.94 | 2.24 | .65 |
| Dareen raadinta (M, SD) | 2.99 | 0.81 | .79 |
Fiiro gaar ah. M: macnaheedu; SD: kala-galka heerka.
aMaalmaha la isticmaalo.
Qiyaasaha
Kaqeybgaleyaasha waxaa loo qaddariyo inay isticmaalaan 'cybersex' haddii ay ka badnaan lahaayeen uun kuwa isticmaala googo'aadka, maxaa yeelay isticmaalka isdabamarin ayaa loo qaadanayaa inuu yahay wax aan dhib lahayn. Kaqeybgalayaasha waxaa la weydiiyay: "miyaad booqatay websaydhka qaawan ugu yaraan hal mar bishii 12 bilood ee lasoo dhaafay." Kuwa ka jawaabaya "haa" waxaa loo tixgaliyay isticmaaleyaasha internetka waxaana la weydiiyay bilkasta bilkasta FCU ayagoo adeegsanaya su aasha soo socota: "Immisa maalmood a bishii miyaad booqataa websaydhada internetka ee qaawan sida caadiga ah? ”FCU waxay ka tarjumaysaa tirada maalmaha CU, oo u dhexaysa 1 ilaa 31. Dadka aan isticmaaleyn, doorsoomaha FCU wuxuu ahaa 0.
PCU waxaa lagu qiimeeyay iyadoo la adeegsanayo qiyaasta OSC ee Imtixaanka Baaritaanka Galmo ee Internetka (ISST; Delmonico & Miller, 2003) ka kooban lix bayaan oo run ama been ah oo qiimeynaya jiritaanka astaamaha caadiga ee balwadda (Ururka cilmi-nafsiga ee Mareykanka, 2013; Baggio et al., 2018): Isticmaalka sii socda, isbedelka niyadda, luminta xakamaynta, mashquulka, ka noqoshada, iyo cawaaqibka. Maaddaama aysan jirin wax la jaray oo loo yaqaan 'ISST', PCU looma fahmin inay tahay cillad dichotomous (taxon), laakiin halkii ay ahayd dabeecad cabbir leh (ie, wadarta weedhaha la ansixiyay) oo ka bilaabmaya "aan caqli gal ahayn"(0) to"dhibaato”(6). Laba doorsoomeyaal nooc ah, oo ka tarjumaya oggolaanshaha (a) ugu yaraan hal calaamad iyo (b) ugu yaraan saddex astaamood, ayaa sidoo kale loo sameeyay ujeedo sharax.
Isbadallada bulshada iyo kuwa galmada.Isbadallada dhaqan-bulsheedka iyo jinsiga waxaa ka mid ah da'da, gobolka luqadda (ku hadlidda Faransiiska, ku-hadla Jarmalka), heerka waxbarasho ee ugu sarreeyay ee la gaadhay (dugsi hoose, tababar xirfadeed, iyo dugsi sare), tirada lammaaneyaasha galmada 12-kii bilood ee la soo dhaafay (0, 1, 2-3, 4 ama in ka badan), ahaanshaha xiriir (is qaba ama la nool lammaane vs. kalidii, furitaan, kala tag, ama carmal), iyo jihada galmo (galmo, lab iyo dhadig, ama khaniis).
Sababaha maskaxda.Niyad-jabka-walaaca, gardarrada-cadowga (laxiriirta saamaynta taban), bulsheed (laxiriirta ujeeddooyinka ku-jihaynta raaxeysiga) astaamaha shakhsiyadeed waxaa lagu qiimeeyay iyadoo la adeegsanayo noocyada faransiiska iyo Jarmalka ee dhaqammada kala-duwan, qaab gaabiyey ee Su'aalaha Su'aalaha Zuckerman – KuhlmanAluja et al., 2006). Astaamo kasta waxaa lagu cabiray iyadoo la isticmaalayo 10 bayaano run ah ama been ah, iyo natiijada suurta galka ah ee weedhaha la aqbalay oo u dhexeeya 0-10. Dareenka raadinta (ee la xiriira ujeeddooyinka ku-jihaynta-raaxada) waxaa lagu cabiray iyadoo la adeegsanaayo 8-shay oo ah Sensing Sensation Search Scale (BSSS); Hoyle, Stephenson, Palmgreen, Lorch, & Donohew, 2002). Kaqeybgalayaashu waxay kajawaabtay sheykasta 5-nooc Nooc nooca 'ah'aad u diiddan"Ilaa"si adag u raacsan”). Buundooyinka u dhexeeya 1 illaa 5 waxaa lagu xisaabiyay jawaabo celcelis ahaan sideedda shay.
Adeegsiga istiraatiijiyadaha isdabamarinta ee ka-qaybgalayaashu waxaa lagu cabiray diidmada, is-jeedinta, ka-fogaanta dhaqanka, iyo cabirka is-eedaynta ee xog-ururinta Kooban ee COPE (Carver, 1997; Nooca Jarmalka: Knoll, Rieckmann, & Schwarzer, 2005; Nooca Faransiiska: Muller & Spitz, 2003). Halbeeg kastaa wuxuu ka kooban yahay laba bayaan oo ku saabsan sida shaqsiyadu ula tacaamulaan buufiska, iyo bayaannada waxaa lagu soo saaray cabbir 4-qodob ah oo ka kooban “Caadi ahaan anigu taas uma sameeyo gabi ahaanba"Ilaa"Badanaa tan ayaan sameeyaa badan. ”Dhibcaha isugeynta ayaa ah wadarta labada dhibcaha qoraalka waxayna udhaxeen 2 ilaa 8.
Ma jirin noocyo Faransiis iyo Jarmal ah oo loogu talagalay cabbirka OSC iyo BSSS bilowga daraasadda. Qiyaasahaas, noocyada asalka ah ee Ingiriisiga waxaa markii ugu horreeyay loo turjumay Faransiiska iyo Jarmalka kooxda C-SURF. Kadibna, luuqadaha Faransiiska iyo Jarmalka waxaa dib u turjumay dad laba luuqadood ku hadla. Farqiga u dhexeeya noocyadii asalka ahaa iyo noocyadii la tarjumay ayaa laga wada hadlay illaa laga helo is afgarad.
Tirakoobka sharraxaadda ayaa loo isticmaalay in lagu muujiyo muunadda. Isku halaynta miisaan kasta oo walxo badan ayaa la baaray iyadoo la adeegsanayo C Cronbach's α. FCU waxay ka tarjumaysay tirada caadiga ah ee maalmaha CU bishiiba (kuwa aan isticmaaleynin waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay 0), PCU-na waxay muujisay tirada astaamaha la oggolaaday. FCU waxaa lagu falanqeeyay iyadoo la adeegsanayo moodellada 'Hurdle', oo laga doorbiday Poisson-ka caadaystay, binomial-ka xun (NB), ama moodellada tirinta eber-bararka maxaa yeelay isla qaabku wuxuu oggolaanayaa falanqaynta labada isticmaale ee internetka iyo kuwa aan isticmaalin iyo FCU ee isticmaalayaasha internetka. Moodooyinka 'Hurdle', qaybta binary-ka - kala-soocidda u-fiirsashada eber iyo eber (ie, kuwa isticmaala cybersex iyo kuwa aan isticmaaleyn) - waxay adeegsadaan dib-u-socod macquul ah, halka qaybta tirinta ay isticmaasho qaybinta tirinta eber-ka ah (Poisson ama NB). Iyadoo lagu saleynayo Criterion Information Bayesian (BIC), qeybinta nB-ga ee NB ayaa la hayaa. PCU waxaa lagu falanqeeyay dadka isticmaala internetka kaliya (N = 4,190). Dhowr qaybo kala duwan oo loo qaybiyo [ie, Poisson, Poisson eber-buufis leh (ZIP), NB, iyo eber-buufis NB (ZINB)] ayaa lagu qiimeeyay inay ku habboon yihiin iyadoo la adeegsanayo BIC, iyo moodooyinka dib-u-celinta NB ayaa loo hayaa si loo falanqeeyo PCU. SPSS nooca 25 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) waxaa loo isticmaalay keydinta xogta iyo tirakoobka sharraxaadda iyo Stata 15 (StataCorp LP, College Station, TX, USA) ayaa loo adeegsaday noocyada Hurdle iyo NB.
Laba moodal ayaa laga tijaabiyay FCU iyo PCU. Model 1 wuxuu tijaabiyay ururada bivariate ee saadaal kasta oo doorsoome ah, halka Model 2 uu tijaabiyay ururada mid kasta oo saadaal ah oo is beddalaya, isla mar ahaantaana isku hagaajiyay isbeddellada dhaqan-bulsheedka iyo galmada, taasi waa, heerka waxbarasho ee ugu sareeya, gobolka luqadda, ahaanshaha xiriir, hanuuninta galmada, tirada ee galmada, iyo da'da. Isbahaysiyada waxaa loo soo sheegey inay yihiin odoyaal u dhigma (ORs), qaybaha hore ee moodooyinka Hurdle-ga ah ee falanqeynaya isticmaaleyaasha internetka iyo kuwa aan isticmaaleyn. Qiyaasta saamiyada shilalka (IRRs) ayaa laga soo warbixiyay moodooyinka NB. Si loo suurtageliyo isbarbar dhigga xoogga ururada, is beddellada joogtada ah ee doorsoomayaasha ayaa ahaa z-laabtay (ie, M = 0, SD = 1).
C-SURF waxaa ansixiyay guddiga anshaxa ee caafimaadka ee Jaamacadda Lausanne ee Daraasaadka Caafimaadka (lambarka hab maamuuska cilmi baarista: 15/07).
Natiijooyinka
Qiyaastii 78.6% muunadda ayaa laga soo sheegey ugu yaraan bishii kasta CU 12 bilood ee la soo dhaafay. Isticmaalayaasha cybersex ayaa soo sheegay celcelis ahaan 9.69 maalmood oo CU bil kasta waxayna aqbaleen celcelis ahaan 0.76 bayaannada PCU. Inka badan kala bar dadka isticmaala internetka (57.2%) waxay aqbaleen eber PCU eber, halka 42.8% ay taageereen hal ama in ka badan bayaan; 8.9% waxay taageereen seddex ama in ka badan bayaan (Shaxda 1).
Moodooyinka Hurdle, waxbarashada dugsiga sare kadib (gaar ahaan dugsiga hoose) iyo ku noolaanshaha gobolka ku hadlida Jarmalka (iyo sidoo kale kuhadalka Faransiiska) ayaa si weyn loola xiriiriyay heerka sare ee CU, laakiin kuma xirna FCU (Shaxda) 2). Da'da iyo ku xirnaashada xiriirku waxay si weyn ula xiriirtay heerka hoose ee CU iyo kan hoose ee FCU. Iyada oo ay ka soo horjeeddo jiheynta jinsi-wadareedka, galmoodka iyo jinsi khaniisiinta ayaa si weyn loola xiriiriyay heerka sare ee CU iyo FCU sare. Soo sheegida in kabadan hal lammaane galmada 12kii bilood ee la soo dhaafay (iyo mid) waxaa si weyn loola xiriiriyay heerka sare ee CU iyo kan sare ee FCU. Taas bedelkeeda, soo sheegista lamaaneyaasha galmada eber waxay si weyn ula xiriirtay FCU sarreysa laakiin aan ahayn CU. Istaraatiijiyadaha la-qabsashada aan fiicnayn iyo dhammaan dabeecadaha kaladuwanaanshaha shakhsiyadeed marka laga reebo diidmada ayaa si weyn loola xiriiriyay CU iyo FCU. Gaar ahaan, isku-mashquulin, dabeecad diidmo, is-eedeeyn, neuroticism – walwal, gardarro – colaad, iyo raadinta dareenka ayaa si weyn ula xiriiray heerka sare ee CU iyo FCU sare. Marka la barbardhigo, bulsheedku wuxuu la xiriiray heerka hoose ee CU iyo kan hoose ee FCU. Dib-u-habeynta (Moodel 2) ma bedelin natiijooyinka.
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Jadwalka 2. Moodooyinka halista ah ee loogu talagalay ururada adeegsada internetka (CU) iyo soo noqnoqoshada adeegsiga shabakadda internetka (FCU)
| Moodel 1 (aan la hagaajin) | Moodel 2 (waa la hagaajiyay) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Qaybta logistic (CU) | Qayb taban oo diidmo ah (FCU) | Qaybta logistic (CU) | Qayb taban oo diidmo ah (FCU) | |||||
| OR | [95% CI] | IRR | [95% CI] | OR | [95% CI] | IRR | [95% CI] | |
| Isbadallada bulshada iyo kuwa galmada | ||||||||
| Heerka ugu sareeya ee waxbarashada (Ref. Dugsi hoose dhexe) | ||||||||
| Tababar xirfadeed | 1.18 | [0.84-1.66] | 0.94 | [0.78-1.12] | 1.09 | [0.77-1.55] | 0.96 | [0.81-1.15] |
| Dugsiga sare kadib | 1.96 | [1.40-2.76] | 1.08 | [0.90-1.29] | 1.80 | [1.27-2.56] | 1.09 | [0.91-1.29] |
| Jarmalka ku hadla (Ref. Ku hadla Faransiiska) | 1.47 | [1.28-1.68] | 0.99 | [0.94-1.05] | 1.44 | [1.24-1.66] | 0.98 | [0.92-1.04] |
| Xariir ku noqosho (Ref. Xiriir la'aan) | 0.50 | [0.43-0.59] | 0.75 | [0.69-0.82] | 0.66 | [0.55-0.79] | 0.83 | [0.76-0.91] |
| Jihada galmada (Ref. Heterosexual) | ||||||||
| Bisexual | 2.46 | [1.81-3.34] | 1.33 | [1.21-1.47] | 2.18 | [1.60-2.98] | 1.31 | [1.19-1.44] |
| Khaniisiin | 2.33 | [1.33-4.08] | 1.35 | [1.12-1.61] | 1.94 | [1.10-3.44] | 1.27 | [1.06-1.51] |
| Tirada lamaanayaasha galmada (Ref. 1) | ||||||||
| 0 | 1.12 | [0.93-1.37] | 1.24 | [1.14-1.36] | 0.91 | [0.74-1.11] | 1.17 | [1.06-1.28] |
| 2-3 | 2.21 | [1.82-2.69] | 1.24 | [1.15-1.34] | 2.00 | [1.64-2.45] | 1.19 | [1.11-1.29] |
| 4+ | 2.24 | [1.78-2.83] | 1.43 | [1.31-1.55] | 2.02 | [1.59-2.57] | 1.36 | [1.24-1.48] |
| Agea | 0.85 | [0.80-0.91] | 0.95 | [0.93-0.98] | 0.93 | [0.87-0.99] | 0.97 | [0.94-1.00]b |
| Cilaaqaadka maskaxda | ||||||||
| La qabsashada cillad la'aan | ||||||||
| Diidmadaa | 1.03 | [0.97-1.11] | 1.00 | [0.97-1.03] | 1.06 | [0.99-1.13] | 1.00 | [0.98-1.03] |
| Isku mashquulina | 1.35 | [1.26-1.44] | 1.05 | [1.02-1.08] | 1.34 | [1.25-1.43] | 1.04 | [1.01-1.07] |
| Kala-baxa dabeecaddaa | 1.20 | [1.12-1.28] | 1.05 | [1.02-1.08] | 1.17 | [1.09-1.26] | 1.04 | [1.01-1.07] |
| Is eedeyna | 1.33 | [1.25-1.43] | 1.09 | [1.06-1.12] | 1.30 | [1.21-1.40] | 1.08 | [1.05-1.11] |
| Personality | ||||||||
| Cudurka neerfaha (Neuroticism) –Werwerkaa | 1.35 | [1.25-1.45] | 1.11 | [1.08-1.14] | 1.33 | [1.23-1.44] | 1.09 | [1.06-1.13] |
| Gardarro – Colaada | 1.23 | [1.15-1.31] | 1.05 | [1.02-1.09] | 1.28 | [1.19-1.37] | 1.06 | [1.03-1.09] |
| Bulshoa | 0.84 | [0.79-0.90] | 0.96 | [0.93-0.99] | 0.82 | [0.76-0.88] | 0.95 | [0.93-0.98] |
| Dareenka raadintaa | 1.51 | [1.41-1.61] | 1.07 | [1.04-1.11] | 1.41 | [1.31-1.51] | 1.06 | [1.03-1.09-XNUMX] |
Fiiro gaar ah. AMA, IRR, iyo 95% CI oo u dhigma si geesinimo leh ayaa muhiim ah p <.05. AMA: saamiga qaddarka; IRR: saamiga heerka dhacdooyinka; CI: isku kalsoonaanta.
aDoorsoomayaal isdaba joog ah ayaa la isku raacay (M = 0, SD = 1). bKahor wareejinta, xadka sare ee 95% CI waa 0.998431331648399. Moodel 2 waxaa lagu habeeyay heerka waxbarasho ee ugu saraysa, gobolka luqadda, ahaanshaha xidhiidh, hanuuninta galmada, iyo sidoo kale tirada lammaaneyaasha galmada iyo da'da.
Moodooyinka NB ee loogu talagalay PCU waxay muujiyeen in ku noolaanshaha gobolka ku hadla Jarmalka (iyo kuwa ku hadla Faransiis) ay si weyn ula xiriirtay PCU-da hoose (Jadwalka 3). Wacyigelinta labada jinsi (iyo sidoo kale jiheynta jinsi-wadareed) wuxuu si weyn ula xiriiray PCU badan, halka isutagga ku-jiheynta khaniisiinta uusan gaarin muhiimad. Soo tebinta afar ama in kabadan oo lammaaneyaal galmo ah 12kii bilood ee la soo dhaafay (vs. mid) waxaa si weyn loola xiriiriyay PCU sare, halka aysan jirin ururo muhiim ah oo laga soo tebiyay eber iyo laba ama sedex galmada. Marka laga hadlayo ururada sababaha nafsadda, dhammaan sifooyinka shakhsiyadeed ee la baaray iyo dhammaan noocyada kaladuwan ee isdabamarinta ayaa si weyn oo togan u la xiriiray PCU, marka laga reebo dabeecadda bulsheed, oo soo bandhigtay urur weyn oo taban. Dib-u-habeynta (Moodel 2) ma bedelin natiijooyinkan.
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Jadwalka 3. Moodooyinka xun-xun ee noocyada xun ee loogu talagalay ururrada leh adeegsiga silica cyberex-dhibaatada leh (PCU)
| Moodel 1 (aan la hagaajin) | Moodel 2 (waa la hagaajiyay) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IRR | [95% CI] | IRR | [95% CI] | |
| Isbadallada bulshada iyo kuwa galmada | ||||
| Heerka ugu sareeya ee waxbarashada (Ref. Dugsi hoose dhexe) | ||||
| Tababar xirfadeed | 0.99 | [0.75-1.32] | 1.06 | [0.80-1.41] |
| Dugsiga sare kadib | 1.10 | [0.83-1.45] | 1.15 | [0.87-1.53] |
| Jarmalka ku hadla (Ref. Ku hadla Faransiiska) | 0.89 | [0.81-0.97] | 0.89 | [0.81-0.98] |
| Xariir ku noqosho (Ref. Xiriir la'aan) | 1.00 | [0.87-1.14] | 1.04 | [0.91-1.19] |
| Jihada galmada (Ref. Heterosexual) | ||||
| Bisexual | 1.48 | [1.28-1.71] | 1.46 | [1.26-1.68] |
| Khaniisiin | 1.28 | [0.98-1.68] | 1.22 | [0.93-1.61] |
| Tirada lamaanayaasha galmada (Ref. 1) | ||||
| 0 | 1.14 | [0.99-1.31] | 1.14 | [0.99-1.32] |
| 2-3 | 1.07 | [0.95-1.20] | 1.05 | [0.93-1.19] |
| 4+ | 1.24 | [1.08-1.41] | 1.21 | [1.05-1.38] |
| Agea | 1.01 | [0.97-1.06] | 1.00 | [0.96-1.05] |
| Cilaaqaadka maskaxda | ||||
| La qabsashada cillad la'aan | ||||
| Diidmadaa | 1.17 | [1.12-1.22] | 1.18 | [1.13-1.23] |
| Isku mashquulina | 1.14 | [1.09-1.19] | 1.13 | [1.08-1.18] |
| Kala-baxa dabeecaddaa | 1.16 | [1.10-1.21] | 1.17 | [1.11-1.22] |
| Is eedeyna | 1.27 | [1.21-1.33] | 1.26 | [1.21-1.32] |
| Personality | ||||
| Cudurka neerfaha (Neuroticism) –Werwerkaa | 1.33 | [1.27-1.39] | 1.31 | [1.26-1.37] |
| Gardarro – Colaada | 1.09 | [1.04-1.14] | 1.09 | [1.05-1.15] |
| Bulshoa | 0.83 | [0.79-0.87] | 0.83 | [0.79-0.87] |
| Dareenka raadintaa | 1.08 | [1.03-1.13] | 1.08 | [1.04-1.14] |
Fiiro gaar ah. IRR iyo u dhiganta 95% CI si geesinimo leh ayaa muhiim ah at p <.05. IRR: saamiga heerka dhacdooyinka; CI: isku kalsoonaanta.
aDoorsoomayaal isdaba joog ah ayaa la isku raacay (M = 0, SD = 1). Qaabka 2 waxaa loo habeeyay heerka ugu sareeya ee waxbarashada, gobolka luuqada, inuu kujiro xiriir, jihada galmada, iyo sidoo kale tirada lamaanayaasha galmada iyo da'da.
Dood:
Daraasadani waxay ku qiyaastay heerarka CU, FCU, iyo PCU iyo ururadooda oo leh dhowr arrimood oo ka mid ah ragga dhallinyarada ah ee Switzerland. Baahida 12-bilood ee ugu yaraan bil kasta CU waxay ahayd 78.6% - sicir aad u sarreeya marka loo eego kuwa lagu arkay daraasadihii hore, oo u dhexeeyey 59.2% iyo 89.9% ragga (Albright, 2008; Cooper, Månsson, Daneback, Tikkanen, & Ross, 2003; Goodson, McCormick, & Evans, 2001; Shaughnessy, Byers, & Walsh, 2011). Heerka sare, marka la barbar dhigo daraasadaha kale, waxaa laga yaabaa inay muujiso labadaba da 'saameyn iyo isku xirnaan; CU wuxuu aad ugu badan yahay inta lagu jiro soo noqoshada qaangaarka (Daneback et al., 2005) iyo isticmaalka Internetka (guud ahaan iyo waxyaabaha qaawan) waxay noqotay mid sii faafay labaatankii sano ee la soo dhaafay (Lewczuk, Wojcik, & Gola, 2019; Xafiiska Fédéral de la Statistique, 2018). Tani waxay sidoo kale ka tarjumi kartaa kala duwanaanta dhaqanka. In kasta oo baahsanaanta CU ay sarreysay, in ka badan kala badh dadka isticmaala cybersex ma aysan taageerin wax bayaan ah PCU. Natiijadani waxay la jaanqaadaysaa soo jeedinta Cooper et al. (1999) in CU aan waxtar u lahayn inta badan isticmaaleyaasha. Si kastaba ha noqotee, isku-duubnaanta ayaa ah in ka badan 40% dadka isticmaala internetka ayaa soo sheegay ugu yaraan hal astaamood oo la xiriira PCU, iyadoo 8.9% xitaa ay soo sheegeen seddex ama in kabadan astaamaha.
Iyadoo la raacayo natiijooyinka Træen et al. (2006), daraasadani waxay muujisay in kaqeybgalayaasha aqoonta badan leh ay aad ugu dhowdahay inay adeegsadaan baraha internetka. Mid ka mid ah sharraxaadda suurtagalka ah ayaa ah in shaqsiyaadka aqoonta badan leh (iyo sidoo kale kuwa aqoon yar yar) ay aad ugu nugul yihiin CU maxaa yeelay waxay leeyihiin xirfado kombiyuutar ballaaran (Stack, Wasserman, & Kern, 2004). Si kastaba ha noqotee, lama helin wax caddeyn ah oo ku saabsan ururada u dhexeeya waxbarashada iyo FCU ama PCU. Waxa xiisaha leh, marka la barbardhigo kaqeybgalayaasha ku hadla afka Faransiiska, in kasta oo kaqeybgalayaasha ku hadla Afka Jarmalka ay soo sheegeen PCU yar, waxay u badan tahay inay soo sheegaan CU. Mid ka mid ah sharraxaadda suurtagalka ah ayaa ah in CU laga yaabo in bulsho ahaan looga aqbalo gobolka ku hadla Jarmalka marka loo eego gobolka ku hadla Faransiiska. Hadday sidaas tahay, shakhsiyaadka ku hadla Jarmalka ayaa laga yaabaa inay u janjeeraan inay soo bandhigaan CU-da, laakiin waxay u arkaan inay CU-da yihiin wax dhib yar. Intaa waxaa dheer, kala duwanaanshaha fahamka su'aalaha ayaa jiri kara inta udhaxeysa kaqeybgalayaasha ku hadla Faransiiska iyo Jarmalka. Cilmi-baaris dheeri ah ayaa loo baahan yahay si loo tarjumo loona fahmo natiijadan. Kaqeybgalayaasha (iyo kuwa ka yar) kaqeybgalayaashu uma badna inay adeegsadaan cybersex oo badanaa wey istcimaaleen. Sida Daneback et al. (2005) la muujiyay, tani waxay soo jeedinaysaa in CU uu yaraado 18-24 kadib. Wax xiriir ah lama helin inta udhaxeysa da'da iyo PCU. Raadintaani waxay ka hor imaaneysaa xiriirka xun ee ka dhexeeya da'da iyo dhibaatooyinka isticmaalka qaawan ee dhibka leh ee ay soo sheegeen Grubbs, Kraus, iyo Perry (2019) tusaale muunad ka ah isticmaaleyaasha Internetka ee Mareykanka (Mda'da = 44.8, SD = 16.7). Suurtagal, da'da cidhiidhiga ah ee kaqeybgalayaasha daraasaddan hadda ah kuma filna inay soo qabtaan khilaafaadka da'da la xiriira ee PCU.
Iyadoo la raacayo natiijooyinka daraasadihii hore (Ballester-Arnal et al., 2014; Ballester-Arnal, Castro Calvo, Gil-Llario, & Gil-Julia, 2017), kaqeyb galayaasha xiriirka waxay leeyihiin kaladuwanaansho hoose ee CU iyo hoose FCU (iyo kuwa aan xiriirka ku jirin). Ka mid ah isticmaaleyaasha internetka 'cybersex', ahaanshaha xiriir aan si weyn xiriir ula lahayn PCU. Raadintaan waxay soo jeedineysaa in kuwa aan xiriirka laheyn ay u isticmaali karaan shabakadda internetka si ay u qanciyaan baahiyahooda galmada una magdhabaan ka maqnaashaha noloshooda nololeed ee nolosha dhabta ah (Ballester-Arnal et al., 2014). Sharaxaani wuxuu sidoo kale la jaan qaadayaa sida lagu soo sheegay in warbixinno la xiriira in lamaanaha galmada (ama mid) 12 kii bilood ee la soo dhaafay lala xiriiriyay CU aad u soo noqnoqda. Si kasta ha noqotee, soo sheegista lammaane galmo ah iyo galitaanka xiriirku ma ahan wax dhibaato ah, maxaa yeelay wax xiriir ah lama helin PCU. Intaa waxaa dheer, sida hore loo muujiyay (Braun-Courville & Rojas, 2009; Daneback et al., 2005), shakhsiyaadka ka warbixinaya dhowr wada-hawlgalayaal galmo (iyo midkood) waxay u badan tahay inay adeegsadaan cybersex oo ay u isticmaalaan marar badan. Kuwa soo sheegaya afar ama in ka badan oo wada-hawlgalayaal galmo ah ayaa sidoo kale taageeray in ka badan 20% warbixinno PCU ka badan. Ururada doorsoomahan ayaa kamid ahaa kuwa ugu waawayn dhamaan doorsoomayaasha saadaaliya ee la tijaabiyay. Sida ay soo jeediyeen Daneback et al. (2005), tani waxay soo jeedineysaa in kuwa leh dano aad u sareeya oo ku saabsan wax walboo galmo ah ay u badan tahay in ay ku lug yeeshaan internetka iyo in ay yeeshaan lammaaneyaal galmada badan nolosha dhabta ah.
Ururada hanuuninta galmada sidoo kale waxay ahaayeen kuwa ugu badan ee lagu arkay daraasaddan. Wacyigelinta khaniisnimada ama labada jinsi (iyo khaniisnimada) waxay si togan ula xiriiraan CU iyo FCU - helitaan la jaan qaada natiijooyinka daraasadihii hore (tus., Daneback et al., 2005; Giordano & Cashwell, 2017; Peter & Valkenburg, 2011; Træen et al., 2006). Tan iyo markii shakhsiyaadka aan heterose-galmada ah laga yaabo inay u nugul yihiin nuglaanta uur-goynta bulshada (Talaado, 2006), sidoo kale waxaa laga yaabaa inay u nugul yihiin isticmaalka barta internetka sababta oo ah waxay bixisaa fursado badan oo lagu helo lammaaneyaal marka loo eego nolosha dhabta ah (Benotsch, Kalichman, & Cage, 2002; Clemens, Atkin, & Krishnan, 2015; Lever, Grov, Royce, & Gillespie, 2008). Helitaankani wuxuu kaloo muujin karaa furfurnaanshaha weyn ee khaniisiinta iyo labada jinsi ee labada jinsi ee noocyada dhaqameed ee galmada, sida cybersex (Daneback et al., 2005) iyo halista ugu weyn ee ay ku lug leeyihiin dabeecadaha marin habaabinta ah (Bőthe et al., 2018). Jiheynta galmada aan galmada ahayn ayaa sidoo kale lala xiriirinaayey aqbalaada weedho PCU dheeri ah, laakiin tani waxay muhiim u ahayd kaliya shaqsiyaadka labada jinsi ah. Shaqsiyaadka galmada aan loo aabo yeelin (King et al., 2008), gaar ahaan kuwa leh hanuunin labada jinsi ah (Gonzales, Przedworski, & Henning-Smith, 2016; Loi, Lea, & Howard, 2017), guud ahaan waxay aad ugu nugul yihiin soo tebinta dhibaatooyin caafimaad oo badan oo maskaxeed, oo ay ku jiraan qabatinno, ka badan shaqsiyaadka heterosexual. Sidaas awgeed, shakhsiyaadka leh hanuuninta labada jinsi, PCU waxaa laga yaabaa inay cawaaqib xumo u adeegsato isticmaalka 'cybersex' si ay ula qabsato walaaca iyo shucuurta taban ee ay sababaan kala-sooca bulshada. Tani waxay soo jeedineysaa in dadaallada lagu horumarinayo tillaabooyinka ka hortagga lagu bartilmaameedsanayo laguna waafajinayo shaqsiyaadka ku habboon hanashada labada jinsi ee ragga iyo dumarka uu noqon karo mid rajo leh.
Natiijooyinka laxiriira ururada udhaxeeya qodobo nafsaani ah oo kaladuwan iyo CU, FCU, iyo PCU waxay la jaanqaadeen soo jeedinta Grubbs, Wright, et al. (2019) in internetka loo adeegsado laba sababood oo waaweyn: raaxeysiga iyo maareynta niyadda. Si gaar ah, ururada wanaagsan ee udhexeeya dareenka raadinta iyo CU, FCU, iyo PCU waxay la jaan qaadayeen natiijooyinka daraasadihii hore (Beyens, Vandenbosch, & Eggermont, 2015; Cooper et al., 2000; Peter & Valkenburg, 2011). Tani waxay taageertaa mala-awaalka ah in dareenka raadinta laga yaabo inuu shakhsiyaadka u diro CU si uu ugu raaxeysto, laakiin sidoo kale PCU. Maaddaama kuwa wax-yeelaynta sare ay u baahan yihiin heerar sare oo kicinta ah si ay u gaaraan heerkooda ugu habboon ee dhiirrigelinta (Zuckerman, 1994), wax ka qabashada siinta ilo kale oo kicinta ah, kor u qaadis soo jiidasho leh, hawlo kale oo loo beddelo CU ayaa laga yaabaa inay wax ku ool u noqdaan ka hortagga PCU ka dhex jira kuwa aadka u doonaya.
Dhanka kale, dhammaan xeeladaha isdabamarinta ee si aan fiicnayn ayaa si togan ula xiriiray CU, FCU (in kasta oo aysan muhiim u ahayn diidmada), iyo PCU. Helitaankani wuxuu la jaan qaadayaa natiijooyinka Laier iyo Brand (2014), oo muujineysa in adeegsiga galmada si loola tacaalo xaaladaha saameynta leh iyo walbahaarka ay door muhiim ah ka ciyaari karto horumarinta iyo dayactirka PCU. Daraasadani waxay ku kordhisay natiijadan istiraatiijiyado kale oo laqabsasho la'aan, sida horay u muujisay Antons et al. (2019). Intaa waxaa dheer, ururada muhiimka ah ee wanaagsan ee ka dhexeeya gardarada-cadaawada (dabeecad shaqsiyadeed oo udhow ujeedka aqbalaada) iyo cudurka 'neuroticism' - walwalka walaaca iyo CU, FCU, iyo PCU waxay la jaan qaadayaan natiijooyinka daraasadihii hore ee muujinaya ururada xun xun ee cyberex oo leh wax la aqbali karo (Beutel et al., 2017) iyo ururo togan oo qaba cudurka dareemayaasha (Egan & Parmar, 2013; Shimoni et al., 2018). Maadaama labadaba neuroticism-walwalka iyo gardarrada – sifooyinka cadaawaddu ay qayb ka yihiin dhisme weyn, oo ah dareenka taban (Zuckerman, 2002), helitaankani wuxuu muujinayaa in astaamahan laga yaabo inay shakhsiyaad uga hor tagaan CU ujeeddooyinka maaraynta niyadda, laakiin sidoo kale PCU. Wax ka qabashada sida yareynta heerarka buufiska, bixinta waxyaabo kale oo lagula tacaali karo isticmaalka internetka, iyo dhisida isku-kalsoonida iyada oo loo marayo tababbarka xirfadaha nolosha ayaa noqon kara qaab wax ku ool ah oo looga hortago PCU-ga kuwa u adeegsada cybersex ujeeddooyinka maaraynta niyadda.
Intaa waxaa sii dheer, ururo xunxun oo muhiim ah ayaa laga dhex helay dabeecadda bulsheed iyo CU, FCU, iyo PCU. Raadintaan waxay la jaanqaadeysaa ururada xun ee ka dhexeeya isugeynta (dabeecad shaqsiyadeed oo u dhaw bulsheed; arag Zuckerman, 2002iyo qabatinka galmada (oo aan si gaar ah ula xiriirin internetka) waxaa arkay Egan iyo Parmar (2013). Si kastaba ha noqotee, waxay ka soo horjeedaa ururada aan muhiimka ahayn ee lagu arkay Shimoni et al. (2018) iyo iyadoo lala socdo xiriir wanaagsan oo u dhexeeya dib-u-celinta iyo CU oo ay aragtay Beutel et al. (2017). Daraasad dheeri ah ayaa loo baahan yahay si loo fahmo xiriirka ka dhexeeya bulsheed iyo CU iyo PCU.
Daraasadani waxay lahayd xaddidaadyo dhowr ah. Naqshadeynta iskutallaabta ayaa noo suuro gelin weyday inaan xiriirno sababo ama gabagabo. Muunad ka kooban gaar ahaan ragga ragga ah waxay ka dhigeysaa wax guud oo ka mid ah natiijooyinka haweenka iyo kooxaha da 'kale ee aan macquul ahayn. Dhowr miisaan ayaa muujiyey kalsooni dhexdhexaad ah (.60 <α <.70; Robinson, Shaver, & Wrightsman, 1991), iyo isku hallaynta Iskeelka Isdabaminta Is-qabta ee Is-dhimista ayaa ahayd mid aan caadi aheyn. Intaa waxaa dheer, ururo wax ku ool ah waxay ahaayeen tilmaamaha ugufiican ee cabbirada saameynta yar (Olivier, May, & Bell, 2017). Ugu dambeyntiina, adeegsiga tallaabooyinka is-sheegga ah ayaa laga yaabaa inay soo bandhigaan waxoogaa eex ah, gaar ahaan marka loo eego dabeecadda xasaasiga ah ee su'aalaha ku saabsan CU. Daraasado dheeri ah oo la adeegsanayo naqshadaha dhaadheer, oo ay ku jiraan dheddigga, iyadoo la tixgelinayo nolosha oo dhan ayaa loo baahan yahay si loo helo natiijada guud. Waxaa intaa dheer, daraasado dheeri ah ayaa loo baahan yahay si loo baaro ururada CU iyo PCU oo leh natiijooyinka caafimaadka dhimirka, dhibaatooyinka isticmaalka maandooriyaha, iyo qabatinka dabeecadaha kale.
Gabagabada
Daraasadani waxay soo jeedineysaa in CU iyo PCU ay tahay in laga fiirsado iyadoo la tixgelinayo ururadooda leh kala duwanaansho fara badan oo ka hadlaya arrimaha bulshada, galmada, iyo cilmu-nafsiga. Natiijooyinka waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu qeexo kooxaha shakhsiyaadka halista ugu jira PCU - tusaale ahaan, shakhsiyaadka ka warbixinaya jahaynta labada jinsi, ma ahan xiriir ama soo sheega dhowr lamaane oo jinsi ah bilihii 12 ee la soo dhaafay - kuwaas oo lagu bartilmaameedsan karo waxqabadyo ka hortag ah. Xirfadlayaasha daryeelka caafimaadka waxaa lagu dhiirigelinayaa inay tixgeliyaan dhinacyadan oo laga yaabo inay la qabsadaan daaweyntooda iyagoo isku dhafan waxqabadyo gaar ah oo daboolaya baahida bukaannadooda. Tusaale ahaan, bukaanada soo bandhigaya PCU, iyagoo adeegsanaya istiraatiijiyooyin laqabsasho oo aan shaqeynaynin oo ku wajahan neerfaha iyo walwalka, ayaa ka faa'iideysan kara waxqabadyada lagu bartilmaameedsanayo horumarinta istiraatiijiyado wax qabad oo wax ku ool ah si loola tacaalo culeyska iyo saameyn taban marka loo eego isticmaalka internetka. Taa bedelkeeda, bukaanku waxay u nugul yihiin raadinta dareenka sare waxay ka faa'iideysan karaan waxqabadyada diiradda saaraya horumarinta ilaha kale ee kicinta CU.
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