The Impact of Problematic Pornography Use in Men

Key points

• Problematic pornography consumption is associated with increased symptoms of depression and anxiety in men.
• Neuroimaging suggests that problematic pornography consumption may alter brain structure and function.
• Interventions for problematic pornography use address behaviors and underlying psychological factors.

In a time of unprecedented digital access, problematic pornography consumption has emerged as a significant mental health concern for many men. Studies indicate that approximately 70 percent of men report viewing pornography at least monthly (Regnerus et al., 2016). Among those who view porn on a regular basis, a subset of users develop problematic patterns of pornography consumption. These patterns can have significant implications for mental health and well-being.

Defining Problematic Pornography Consumption

Before exploring mental health implications, it’s essential to differentiate between casual pornography viewing and problematic consumption. Problematic pornography use typically involves:

• Perceived lack of control over viewing habits
• Continued use despite negative consequences
• Escalation of use over time
• Interference with daily functioning
• Psychological distress when unable to access pornography

Depression and Anxiety

Multiple studies have identified associations between problematic pornography consumption and symptoms of depression and anxiety. In a large-scale study of over 1,000 participants, those reporting problematic pornography use reported significantly higher scores on depression and anxiety measures compared to controls (Grubbs et al., 2015). A longitudinal study further found that problematic pornography consumption predicted increased depression symptoms at a six-month follow-up, suggesting a potential causal relationship (Bőthe et al., 2020).

Importantly, the relationship appears bidirectional: Depression and anxiety may increase vulnerability to problematic pornography use as a maladaptive coping mechanism, which in turn may exacerbate psychological distress (Wordecha et al., 2018). This creates a concerning cycle that can be difficult to interrupt without appropriate intervention.

Self-Esteem and Body Image

Research has demonstrated connections between problematic pornography consumption and negative self-perception among men. Studies indicate that men who frequently consume pornography, particularly when it becomes problematic, report lower sexual self-esteem and heightened concerns about body image (Wright et al., 2021). This may relate to unrealistic portrayals of male sexual performance and physical attributes in pornographic content.

A meta-analysis of 19 studies found that higher pornography consumption was associated with greater body dissatisfaction and appearance anxiety among men (Sniewski & Farvid, 2020). These findings suggest that problematic consumption may contribute to distorted self-perception and unrealistic expectations about one’s body and sexual capabilities. It also has negative implications for relational connection and intimacy with a partner.

Relationship Satisfaction and Sexual Functioning

Relationship difficulties and sexual dysfunction frequently co-occur with psychological distress. Men reporting problematic pornography consumption demonstrate higher rates of relationship dissatisfaction and sexual dysfunction, which can exacerbate mental health challenges (Perry, 2020).

Research has identified associations between problematic pornography use and erectile dysfunction, decreased sexual satisfaction, and diminished intimacy in relationships (Park et al., 2016). These sexual and relational difficulties often contribute to feelings of shame, inadequacy, and relationship conflict, which can significantly impact overall mental well-being….

Entire article by Dan Bates, PhD, LPCC-S, NCC, BC-TMH