Shahararrun labarai ga masu amfani da fina-finai: Intanit Addiction Atrophies Brains (2011)

updates: Yawancin bincike an buga tun lokacin da aka rubuta wannan labarin. Duba wannan Jerin Wasan Intanet da Bidiyo Brain Nazarin.

Idan wasan kwaikwayo na Intanit ya haifar da jaraba, ta yaya yanar-gizo ba za ta yi ba?

Anan ga wasu labarai na kanun labarai ga duk wanda aka horar da shi cewa yin amfani da batsa ta Intanet ba shi da illa: Shaidar jiki game da tsarin shaye-shaye yana nunawa a cikin kwakwalwar mashahuran yan wasan bidiyo na Intanet. Menene ƙari, amfani da erotica kan layi yana da Ƙari mafi girma don zama mai tilasta fiye da wasan kwaikwayo ta yanar gizo kamar yadda masu binciken Holland suka yi.

A cewar NIDA, Nora Volkow, MD, da kuma} ungiyarta, game da sauye-sauye na jiki bayyana jaraba: lalatawa (ƙididdigar amsawar ƙwaƙwalwar kwakwalwa), haɓakawa, da hypofrontality. Wadannan kwakwalwar guda ɗaya (waɗanda yanzu ke nunawa a cikin addinan Intanet) suma sun bayyana a ciki 'yan wasan wasan kwaikwayo da magunguna.

Misali, hodar Iblis tana amfani da ambaliyar ladaran aikin kwakwalwa tare da dopamine. Kwayoyin jijiyoyi suna amsawa, ko fiye da ƙasa da sauri, ta hanyar rage amsawar su ga dopamine. A sakamakon haka, wasu masu amfani suna jin “kashe” (lalatawa). Suna son ƙin zuciya mai tsanani (haƙuri), kuma suna watsar da bukatun, matsalolin, da kuma halin da suke da muhimmanci a gare su.

A lokaci guda, saboda kwakwalwarsu ta rubuta cewa amfani da hodar yana jin daɗi, suna girma da laulayi ga duk abin da suka haɗu da hodar. Farin foda, kalmar "dusar ƙanƙara," unguwar da suka sha taba, ko abokai da waɗanda sukayi amfani da su duk zasu haifar da haɓakar haɓakar dopamine a cikin ladan lada, suna tura su suyi amfani da su (sanarwa). Har ila yau, ΔFosB, furotin da ke taimakawa wajen tunawa da ƙwaƙwalwar tunani kuma yana inganta komawa, yana tara a cikin ƙananan ƙwaƙwalwa. Ba zato ba tsammani, ΔFosB kuma ya tashi tare da jima'i. (ΔFosB shine takardar sakonni, wanda ke kunna kuma ya hana wasu kwayoyin don canza hanyar synaptic)

Idan amfani da cocaine mai nauyi ya ci gaba, lalacewar ladan lada yana rage aiki daidai a cikin lobes na gaba na kwakwalwar su. Yanzu, ƙwarewar masu amfani don sarrafa motsin rai da yin zaɓin sauti suna da rauni, kuma kota na gabansu na iya haifar da cuta (hypofrontality). Haɗuwa tare, ragewar yardar rai, alama da ake amfani da shi, da kuma amfani da man fetur da aka yi amfani da shi don amfani da man fetur.

Abubuwan ƙyama

Nazarin shan ƙwayoyi marasa ƙwayoyi har yanzu sabo ne. Duk da haka tuni masana suka gano tabbatacciyar shaidar zahiri cewa tsananin juzu'in lada na yau da kullun na iya canza kwakwalwa ta hanyoyin da kwayoyi ke yi. “Kyaututtukan lada” ayyuka ne / abubuwanda suke jan hankalinmu saboda sun inganta rayuwar magabatanmu, ko kuma rayayyun halittar su.

Bugu da ƙari, ba kawai ƙananan tsiraru ba ne da ke cikin rikice-rikice waɗanda ke cikin haɗari. Na al'ada, ƙwararrun ƙwaƙwalwa na iya canzawa. Wani mai shekaru 37 lafiya, ya ce, “Lokacin da na fara kallon batsa ta yanar gizo ina da shekara 35, sai na ji kamar zan yi inzali ba tare da wani gini ba. Hakan yana da tasirin tasirin da yake da shi a kaina. ”

Ya zuwa yanzu, ga katin bincike. (Kwanan wata sun nuna lokacin da binciken ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa ya nuna shaidar na ƙarshe na sauye-sauyen ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar.)

  • Caca na Pathological - yayi nazari na shekaru 10, kuma an ƙara shi zuwa DSM-5 mai zuwa azaman jaraba (2010)
  • Abincin abinci - (2010)
  • Intanit na wasan bidiyo na Intanet - (2011)
  • Intanit na Intanit - har yanzu ba a yi nazari ta hanyar kwakwalwa ba

Ba zato ba tsammani, Dalilin dabarun Intanet yayi nazarin maganin jarabawa, ba bidiyo bane, an yi su ne a ƙasashe da ke toshe hanyar shiga shafukan yanar gizo—Kuma suna da shekaru (China, 2006 da Koriya, 2007). Ba kamar sauran ƙasashe ba, ba su da masu amfani da batsa da yawa.

A nan ne binciken da ke nuna manyan abubuwa uku, canji na jiki a cikin kwakwalwar yanar gizo na yanar gizo (wanda aka saki biyu a Yuni, 2011):

  • Abubuwan da aka ba da amsa gamsu:  Rage ragowar masu karɓar D2 na kwayoyin halitta shine alamar mahimmanci don lalata tsarin ladabi, alamar alama ga duk abin da ya sabawa. A cikin wannan binciken PET binciken mutane tare da ba tare da jarabawar yanar gizo ba.

Rage Dynamic Dordamine D2 Masu Saukewa a Mutum tare da Intanit Intanit (2011)

"Yawan bincike ya ba da shawarar cewa jarabar Intanet na da alaƙa da nakasa a cikin tsarin kwakwalwar dopaminergic… [A cikin wannan binciken] mutanen da ke da jarabar Intanet sun nuna raguwar matakan karɓar mai karɓar dopamine D2"

  • Sensitization: A cikin wannan binciken, daliban koleji sun buga wasanni na bidiyo na Intanet don 6 makonni. An yi matakan kafin kafin kuma bayan. Wadannan batutuwa tare da abubuwan da suka fi girma suna da mafi yawan canji a cikin kwakwalwar da suke nuna farkon jaraba. Ƙungiyar kulawa, wadda ta taka rawar da ta takaita, ba ta canza canji ba.

Canje-canje a Ayyukan Harkokin Kasuwanci na Yau da Ba'a Yi Aiki tare da Wasan Wasan Bidiyo (2010)

"Waɗannan canje-canje a ayyukan gaban-lobe tare da faɗaɗa wasan-bidiyo na iya zama kamar waɗanda aka lura da su a farkon matakan jaraba. ”

  • Hypofrontality: A cikin wannan binciken, masu bincike sun sami 10-20% raguwa a gaban ƙwayar cutar ta hanyar ƙwayar cuta a cikin matasa da cin zarafin yanar gizo. Bincike a kan wasu ƙwarewar sun rigaya ta kafa cewa ƙaddarawa a cikin tsofaffiyar lobe launin fata da aiki yana rage dukkanin iko da motsa jiki da kuma ikon ganin sakamakon.

Abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin matasa tare da Intanit Intanit. (2011)

“Kasancewar rashin sanin ya kamata, yasa [samartaka] lokaci ne na rauni da daidaitawa, kuma yana iya haifar da mafi girman rikicewar larura da shaye shaye tsakanin matasa. Aya daga cikin matsalolin rashin tabin hankali na yau da kullun tsakanin samari na ƙasar Sin, rikicewar jarabar intanet (IAD) a halin yanzu yana ƙara zama mai tsanani. Yawan yaduwar jarabar intanet tsakanin samarin biranen China ya kai kusan 14%. … Wadannan sakamakon sun nuna cewa yayin da jarabar intanet ta ci gaba, atrophy kwakwalwa… ta fi tsanani. ” (Shima ga wannan binciken farko na kasar Sin.)

Wasan kwaikwayo na bidiyo da bidiyo na yau da kullum suna motsa kwakwalwa a hanyoyi masu dacewa

Yi kwatanta waɗannan kalmomin biyu. Wanne ne game da buri na batsa kuma wane ne game da buri?

Ba mu sake yin jima'i ba. Bama zuwa daren kwanan wata ko wani abu tare. Ina jin laifi sosai saboda ba zan iya ɗauka ba kuma. Tun daga sati 2 da aurenmu nake barazanar sake shi.

Abokaina uku sun fahimci cewa suna da matsala, amma 2 daga cikinsu sun ce sun yi ƙoƙari su daina, kuma a zahiri suna tunanin babu abin da za su iya yi game da shi. *

Hanyoyin da ke yin bidiyo na Intanit da wasan kwaikwayo na bidiyo da yawa suna shahara wannan halaye da ke ba duka ikon dysregulate dopamine a wasu ƙwayoyi. sabon abu kuma 'matsalolin da suka karya tsammanin'duka sun saki dopamine, suna aikawa da kwakwalwa cewa aiki yafi daraja fiye da shi. Wasannin bidiyo masu nasara suna isar da wuta mai cike da sabon abu da kuma mamaki. Kowane sabon ƙarni na wasanni ya wuce na ƙarshe ta waɗannan halayen.

Hakanan batsa na yau yana ba da duka, kuma yana haɓaka su koyaushe. Akwai sabon abu wanda ba zai ƙare ba kuma wani abu mafi ban mamaki koyaushe yana faɗakarwa kusa da maɓallin na gaba. Akwai kuma kwayar dopamine da “farauta” don cikakken harbi. Sabon abu, gigicewa da farauta suna ɗaukar hankalin mai amfani saboda suna tasiri matakan dopamine. Babban mai da hankali yana ba masu amfani damar shawo kan tsarin ƙoshin lafiyarsu na yau da kullun, kuma, sau da yawa, sake sake kwakwalwar su ta hanyoyin da ke ɗaukar ƙoƙari mai yawa don warwarewa. Addiction shine "ilmantarwa na ilimin cututtuka."

Wasu lokuta ana kiran 'yan wasa na kan layi "adrenaline junkies." Koyaya, adrenaline (wanda aka sake shi a cikin gland adrenal) ya zama yana da ɗan tasiri game da ayyukan jaraba. Dopamine, ba adrenaline, yana cikin zuciyar duk ƙari. Tsoro da damuwa na iya haɓaka ayyukan jaraba saboda ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda aka saki a cikin kwakwalwa (kamar norepinephrine), amma ba su hanyar wadannan matakai.

Harkokin jima'i na iya zama da tilastawa fiye da ayyukan wasanni

Yaƙin izgili da bincike mai haɗari babu shakka babban fifiko ne ga kakanninmu. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa muke samun lada mai wadatarwa don kamu. Amma duk da haka haifuwa shine babban fifikonmu. Kamar abinci, jima'i yana da mahimmanci ga nasarar kwayar halitta.

Game da illa a kan kwakwalwa, yin amfani da batsa ta Intanet yana hada abubuwa na cin abinci mai mahimmanci da kuma wasan bidiyo na motsawa koyaushe. Kamar abincin tarkacen abinci, Intanet erotica sigar tsinkaye ne na wani abu da muka samo asali don ƙimar gaske. Har ila yau, ana kawo erotica ta hanyar wuta mai saurin gaske, mai jan hankali, mai kama da wasannin bidiyo na kan layi. Whammy sau biyu dangane da kamu da ciki.

Yana da daraja la'akari da abin da masu binciken kwakwalwa suka koya game da abinci. Lokacin da beraye suka sami damar zuwa ba abinci na cafeteria, kusan dukkansu sun nuna saurin raguwa a cikin masu karɓar D2 (dopamine) (adadi amsa mai daɗi), sannan binged zuwa kiba. DodNUMX-receptor drop yana nuna motsa jiki dabbobi kama shi sosai yayin da samun samun mai kyau-ko abinci mai yawan calories ko mai haɗari.

Ka tuna cewa ba da izinin abinci irin-kafe mara iyaka ba ƙa'ida ce yayin juyin halittarmu, sai kwanan nan. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa samun damar cin abinci mara kyau yana da haɗari ga beraye da mutane. Dannawa sau ɗari zuwa ɗari na ɗari ɗari da ɗumi-ɗumi, ma'aurata masu jin daɗin rayuwa ma wata aba ce ta juyin halitta, kuma 9 cikin 10 na mazan da suka manyanta sun riga sun kasance ta amfani da batsa na Intanit shekaru uku da suka wuce. Risky, ya ba da m addictiveness. Har ila yau, reversible. Lokacin da masu amfani masu amfani suka daina batsa, sun bayar da rahoto ƙãra yardar rai daga kowane bangare na rayuwa (sau da yawa bayan baƙin ciki janyewar).

Komawa ga abinci. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, masu bincike na kwakwalwa sun juya shaida akan dukkanin matakai uku na ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta a cikin kwakwalwar ƙwayar magunguna:

  • Abubuwan da aka ba da amsa gamsu: Nazarin 2010 ya nuna cewa yawan cin abinci yana lalata ladaran lada, yana ƙara haɗarin samun riba mai zuwa. Bayan watanni 6, kwakwalwar waɗanda suka ci wasu abinci “mai daɗi” (watau karin ƙiba) sun nuna ƙarancin amsa ga nishaɗi kamar na sauran.
  • Sensitization: Nazarin 2011 sun gano cewa waɗanda suka ci ƙima a kan gwajin jarabar abinci (kunna ƙwaƙwalwa saboda hotunan abinci) suna nuna amsar kwakwalwa kwatankwacin maganganun masu shan kwayoyi game da ƙwayoyi.
  • Hypofrontality: Nazarin 2006 ya bayyana cewa mutane masu kiba suna da larurar kwakwalwa a yankunan da ke da alaƙa da ɗanɗano, kamun kai, da lada - gami da rage ruwan toka a gaban goshi (atrophy). Wataƙila yawan cin abinci yana haifar da waɗannan canje-canje, kamar yadda binciken da aka ambata a sama ya tabbatar da ƙwaƙwalwar kwakwalwa ta canza daga yawan cin abinci.

Idan overstimulation ta hanyar abinci mai tsabta zai iya haifar da kwakwalwa a cikin mutane da yawa (30% na jama'ar Amirka suna da girman kai, kuma kawai game da 10% saboda rashin ciwo na rayuwa kamar yadda neuroscientist David Linden), ta yaya za a iya yiwuwar yin jima'i ta hanyar yin jima'i akan layi ta yanar gizo ba zai iya canza tunanin ƙwayar cutar ba? Amfani da bidiyo na yanar gizo / cybersex ba abin da ya fi dacewa da abincin da ya dace.

Shin tarihi yana maimaita kanta?

Tarihi cike yake da misalai na “ilimin gama gari” wanda ya zama kuskure a yayin bincike. Yi la'akari da margarine. Kowane mutum "ya san" ya fi kyau a gare ku fiye da man shanu. Masana na da kwarin gwiwa kan wannan “gaskiyar,” ta yadda ba su ma gwada shi ba tsawon shekaru, kuma a kai a kai sun shawarci mutane su maye gurbin sinadarin margarine zuwa man shanu.

A ƙarshe, masana sun gwada lafiyar margarine. Ya nuna cewa acid mai-mai-mai (wanda aka samu a margarine) yana daga cikin mafi hatsari fats. Sun kasance mafi muni ga mutane fiye da man shanu.

Masu sukar na iya da'awar cewa "mara kimiyya" don ba da shawarar cewa batsa ta Intanet na iya haifar da matakan jaraba a cikin kwakwalwa kawai saboda jarabar Intanet a bayyane take. A zahiri, ba kimiyya bane a bayar da shawarar akasi. Duk shaye-shaye, gami da ɗabi'a (caca, abinci, wasannin bidiyo) suna nuna hypofrontality (atrophy da rashi iko). Gaskiya, abin da masu sukar ke buƙatar kawowa yanzu tabbatacce ne, shaidar kimiyya da ke nuna cewa jarabar batsa ta Intanit banda doka ne. Don bayar da shawarar har yanzu akwai babban shakku game da jarabarta shine mafi ƙarancin ilimin kimiyya, kamar yadda yake ɗauka dole ne a sami wasu samfuran kwakwalwa don amfani da batsa wanda har yanzu ba'a gano shi ba.

Jima'i yana da lafiya, amma zaton cewa batsa na Intanit yana amfani da lafiya yana da matukar damuwa.

* Magana na farko shine game da jarabawar wasan kwaikwayo, na biyu game da buri.