Nazarin Brain a kan Masu Amfani da Batsa da Jima'i

Wannan shafin ya ƙunshi jeri biyu ( 1 ) sharhin da aka yi kan ilimin jijiyoyi da kuma bita kan adabi, da kuma ( 2 ) nazarin jijiyoyi da ke tantance tsarin kwakwalwa da aikin masu amfani da batsa ta intanet da masu shan batsa ( Matsalar Halayyar Jima'i Mai Wuya ).

Zuwa yanzu, duka sai biyu daga cikin nazarin jijiyoyi guda 6 (aƙalla) da aka buga suna ba da tallafi ga tsarin jaraba ( babu wani bincike da ke ɓatar da tsarin jarabar batsa ). Sakamakon waɗannan nazarin jijiyoyi sama da 60 (da kuma nazarin da ke tafe ) sun yi daidai da ɗaruruwan jarabar Intanet " nazarin kwakwalwa " , wasu daga cikinsu kuma sun haɗa da amfani da batsa ta intanet. Duk suna goyon bayan ra'ayin cewa amfani da batsa ta intanet na iya haifar da canje-canje a kwakwalwa da suka shafi jaraba, kamar yadda sama da nazarin 60 ke ba da rahoton ƙaruwa/juriya (al'ada) da alamun janyewa.

Kamar yadda wani labarin PsyPost.org game da wani bincike na kwakwalwa na 2024 ya nuna, "Waɗannan sakamakon sun yi daidai da binciken da ya gabata wanda ke nuna cewa batsa tana da babban damar jaraba saboda ƙarfinta na sha'awa da kuma abubuwan sha'awa." ( Nazarin da aka bayyana a cikin labarin )

Shafin ya fara da sharhin da aka yi kwanan nan game da wallafe-wallafen da suka shafi ilimin halittar kwakwalwa sama da 35 (wanda aka jera bisa ranar da aka buga):

Bayani na Litattafai da Sharhi:

1) Ilimin Jijiyoyin Jijiyoyin Batsa na Intanet: Bita da Sabuntawa ( Love et al. , 2015) . Cikakken bita kan wallafe-wallafen ilimin jijiyoyi da suka shafi nau'ikan jarabar intanet, tare da mai da hankali na musamman kan jarabar batsa ta intanet. Bitar ta kuma yi suka kan nazarin EEG guda biyu masu jan hankali da ƙungiyoyi ƙarƙashin jagorancin Nicole Prause suka yi (wadda ta yi iƙirarin cewa binciken ya nuna shakku kan jarabar batsa). Karin bayani:

Mutane da yawa sun gane cewa yawancin halayen da ke iya haifar da ladabi a cikin kwakwalwar mutum yana haifar da hasara da kuma sauran bayyanar cututtuka a akalla wasu mutane. Game da jarabawar Intanet, binciken bincike na kimiyya ya goyi bayan zaton cewa matakan da ke cikin kwakwalwa suna kama da maganin abu ne ... A cikin wannan bita, muna bayar da taƙaitaccen ra'ayi wanda aka kawo jita-jitar da ake bayarwa kuma ya ba da cikakken bayani game da ilimin lissafi akan ilimin yanar gizo da kuma labarun yanar gizo. Bugu da ƙari, mun sake nazarin wallafe-wallafe na labaran ilmin lissafin yanar gizo na intanet na Intanet da kuma haɗa sakamakon da aka samo asali. Binciken ya kai ga ƙarshe cewa jarabar batsa ta Intanit ya shiga cikin tsarin jaraba da kuma ba da ma'anar irin abubuwan da suka dace da maganin jaraba.

2) Jarabawar Jima'i a Matsayin Cuta: Shaida don Kimantawa, Ganowa, da Amsa ga Masu Suka ( Phillips et al. , 2015) , wanda ke ba da jadawalin da ke ɗaukar takamaiman suka game da jarabar batsa/jima'i, yana ba da ambato waɗanda ke adawa da su. Karin bayani:

Kamar yadda aka gani a cikin wannan labarin, zargi na gama-gari na jima'i a matsayin jaraba na halal ba ya tsayawa idan aka kwatanta da motsi a cikin al'ummomin asibiti da na kimiyya a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata. Akwai isassun hujjoji na kimiyya da goyan bayan jima'i da kuma6 kamar sauran halayen da za a yarda da su azaman jaraba. Wannan tallafin yana fitowa daga fannonin ayyuka da yawa kuma yana ba da bege mai ban mamaki don rungumar canji da gaske yayin da muka fi fahimtar matsalar. Shekaru da yawa na bincike da ci gaba a fagen maganin jaraba da ilimin jijiya sun bayyana hanyoyin da ke cikin kwakwalwar da ke cikin jaraba. Masana kimiyya sun gano hanyoyin gama gari da halayen jaraba ke shafa da kuma bambance-bambance tsakanin kwakwalwar masu shan taba da wadanda ba su kamu ba, suna bayyana abubuwan gama gari na jaraba, ba tare da la’akari da abu ko hali ba. Koyaya, akwai sauran tazara tsakanin ci gaban kimiyya da fahimtar jama'a, manufofin jama'a, da ci gaban jiyya.

3) Jarabawar Jima'i ta Intanet ( Brand & Laier , 2015) . Karin bayani:

Mutane da yawa suna amfani da aikace-aikace na cybersex, musamman batsa ta Intanit. Wasu mutane suna fama da hasara kan amfani da su na cybersex kuma sun bada rahoto cewa ba za su iya tsara tsarin yin amfani da su na cybersex ba ko da kuwa sun sami sakamako mai kyau. A cikin 'yan kwanan nan, jita-jitar cybersex an dauke shi da wani irin nau'in bidiyon Intanet. Wasu nazarin na yanzu sun binciki daidaituwa tsakanin tsangwama na cybersex da sauran cin zarafin hali, irin su Cikin Gidan Gaming. Cue-reactivity da kuma sha'awar suna dauke su taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin cybersex buri. Har ila yau, ƙwayoyin da ke tattare da ci gaban da cigaba da cin hanci da rashawa na yanar gizo sun hada da rashin lahani a cikin yanke shawara da kuma ayyukan gudanarwa. Nazarin nazarin binciken ne na goyon baya ga zancen al'ada tsakanin magungunan cybersex da sauran cin zarafin hali da mawuyacin hali.

4) Ilimin Jijiyoyin Jiki na Halayyar Jima'i Mai Tilas: Kimiyya Mai Fitowa ( Kraus et al. , 2016) . Karin Bayani:

Ko da yake ba a haɗa su a DSM-5 ba, za a iya gano halayen jima'i (CSB) a cikin ICD-10 a matsayin matsalar rikici. Duk da haka, muhawara yana samuwa game da samfurin CSB. Ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike don fahimtar yadda siffofin neurobiological ke danganta da matakan da suka dace da asibiti kamar sakamakon maganin CSB. Kayyade CSB a matsayin 'jaraba na hali' zai kasance da muhimmiyar tasiri ga tsarin siyasa, rigakafi da kokarin gwagwarmayar ... .. Bisa ga wasu kamance tsakanin CSB da ƙaddarar miyagun ƙwayoyi, ayyukan da suka dace don ƙwarewa na iya zama alkawurra ga CSB, don haka samar da hankali ga hanyoyin binciken bincike a nan gaba don bincike wannan yiwuwar kai tsaye.

5) Shin Ya Kamata A Ɗauki Halayyar Jima'i Mai Tilas A Matsayin Jaraba? ( Kraus et al. , 2016) . Karin Bayani:

Tare da sakin DSM-5, matsalar caca da aka yi amfani da shi tare da maganin rashin amfani. Wannan canji ya ƙalubalanci imani cewa farfadowa ya faru ne kawai ta hanyar haɓaka abubuwa masu rikitarwa kuma yana da muhimmiyar tasiri ga manufofin, rigakafin da maganin. Bayanai sun bada shawara cewa wuce kima a cikin wasu halayen (misali wasan kwaikwayo, jima'i, cin kasuwa) zai iya raba asibiti, kwayoyin halitta, neurobiological da phenomenological daidai da abin da ake yiwa abubuwa.

Wani yankin da ake buƙatar ƙarin bincike ya shafi la'akari da yadda canjin fasahar zai iya rinjayar halin halayyar mutum. Idan aka ba da wannan bayanan yana nuna cewa ana iya yin halayyar halayyar jima'i ta hanyar aikace-aikacen Intanit da kuma wayoyin tafiye-tafiye, karin bincike ya kamata su yi la'akari da yadda fasahohin zamani ke danganta da CSB (misali dandalin dandalin yin amfani da labarun Intanit ko jima'i). a wani lokaci).

Akwai fasali a tsakanin CSB da abubuwan da ke amfani da kayan abu. Kwayoyin baƙi na yau da kullum zasu iya taimakawa wajen magance matsalar CSB da kuma amfani da kayan abu, da kuma binciken da ba a yi ba a kwanan nan ya nuna alamomin da suka danganci sha'awar sha'awa da sha'awa. Irin magungunan magani da magunguna na iya zama daidai ga CSB da ƙwarewar abu.

6) Tushen Ilimin Jijiyoyin Jiki na Jima'i Mai Yawa ( Kuhn & Gallinat , 2016) . Karin Bayani:

Abubuwan ƙyama da ke tattare da halayen mutum da kuma ma'anar liwadi ya kamata mu tunatar da mu cewa halin kirki ne ya dogara da tsarin rayuwar mu. Yin jima'i shine muhimmiyar mahimmanci a rayuwar jinsunan tun lokacin shine hanya don haifuwa. Saboda haka yana da mahimmanci cewa jima'i yana dauke da jin dadi kuma yana da kyawawan dabi'un kima, kuma ko da yake yana iya zama jita-jita wanda za'a iya biyan jima'i a cikin hanyar haɗari da rashin cin hanci, hanyar da za a iya amfani da ita don jaraba zai iya zama muhimmiyar ma'ana a manufa na farko na neman mutane .... A haɗuwa tare, shaidar tana nuna cewa canje-canje a lobe na gaba, amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus, septum, da kuma ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa wadanda ke aiwatar da ladabi suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bayyanar da haɗin kai. Nazarin halittu da nazarin maganin neuropharmacological yana nunawa a yayin da ake aiwatar da kwayoyin halitta.

7) Halayyar Jima'i Mai Tilasta A Matsayin Jaraba ta Ɗabi'a: Tasirin Intanet da Sauran Matsaloli ( Griffiths, 2016) . Karin Bayani:

Na gudanar da bincike mai zurfi kan abubuwa masu yawa (caca, wasan kwaikwayo, yin amfani da intanet, motsa jiki, jima'i, aiki, da dai sauransu) kuma sunyi jayayya cewa wasu nau'ikan hali na jima'i za a iya tsara su a matsayin jima'i, dangane da Ma'anar jaraba da ake amfani dasu ....

Ko dai irin hali mai rikitarwa da aka kwatanta a matsayin halayen jima'i (CSB), jaraba da jima'i da / ko rikici tsakanin maza da mata, akwai dubban masu kwantar da hankali a duniya waɗanda suke magance irin wannan cuta. Dalili kenan, ana bada cikakkun shaida daga magungunan likitoci na asibiti daga masu taimakawa da kuma bi da waɗannan mutane.

Tabbas mafi mahimmancin ci gaba a fagen CSB da jarabar jima'i shine yadda intanet ke canzawa da sauƙaƙe CSB. Ba a ambaci wannan ba har zuwa sakin layi na ƙarshe, duk da haka bincike game da jarabar jima'i ta yanar gizo (yayin da yake ƙunshe da ƙaramin tushe) ya wanzu tun ƙarshen 1990s, gami da ƙididdigar samfurin kusan kusan mutane 10 000. A zahiri, kwanan nan an sake yin sharhi game da bayanan ƙwarewa game da jarabar jima'i da magani. Waɗannan sun bayyana yawancin takamaiman fasalolin intanet waɗanda na iya sauƙaƙe da haɓaka halayen jaraba dangane da halayyar jima'i (samun dama, samun kuɗi, rashin sani, saukakawa, tserewa, hanawa, da sauransu).

8) Neman Haske a cikin Ruwa Mai Laka: Abubuwan da Za a Yi La'akari da Su Nan Gaba Don Rarraba Halayyar Jima'i Mai Tilasta a Matsayin Jaraba ( Kraus et al. , 2016) . Karin Bayani:

A kwanan nan mun ɗauki shaidun da za su nuna bambanci game da jima'i (CSB) a matsayin rashin jituwa. Bincikenmu ya gano cewa CSB ta raba asibiti, neurobiological da phenomenological daidai da maganin da ake amfani dashi ....

Kodayake Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Amurka ta ƙi rashin daidaituwa tsakanin mazauni daga DSM-5, ana iya gane ganewar asirin CSB (kisa) akan ICD-10. Har ila yau, ICD-11 yana nazarin CSB, kodayake yawancinsa ba shi da tabbacin. Dole ne bincike na gaba ya ci gaba da gina ilimi da karfafa tsarin inganta fahimtar CSB da kuma fassara wannan bayani zuwa ingantaccen manufofin, rigakafin, ganewar asali, da kuma magance jiyya don rage girman tasirin CSB.

9) Shin Batsa a Intanet Yana Haifar da Matsalolin Jima'i? Bita Tare da Rahotannin Asibiti ( Park et al ., 2016) . Bita mai zurfi game da wallafe-wallafen da suka shafi matsalolin jima'i da batsa ke haifarwa. Ta hanyar yin bita da likitocin sojojin ruwa na Amurka 7 da Gary Wilson, ya ba da sabbin bayanai da ke nuna ƙaruwar matsalolin jima'i a matasa. Ya kuma yi bita kan nazarin jijiyoyi da suka shafi jarabar batsa da yanayin jima'i ta hanyar batsa ta Intanet. Likitocin sun ba da rahotannin asibiti guda 3 na maza waɗanda suka haɓaka matsalolin jima'i da batsa ke haifarwa. Wani takarda ta biyu ta 2016 ta Gary Wilson ta tattauna mahimmancin nazarin tasirin batsa ta hanyar sa mutane su guji amfani da batsa: Kawar da Batsa a Intanet na Dogon Lokaci da ake Amfani da shi don Bayyana Tasirinsa (2016) . Karin bayani:

Abubuwan al'adu wadanda suka bayyana matsalolin maza sun kasance ba su da cikakken lissafi don yunkurin kaifi a cikin mummunan aiki, jinkirta tashin hankali, rage yawan jima'i, kuma ya rage libido a lokacin jima'i a cikin maza karkashin 40. Wannan bita (1) ya ɗauki bayanai daga yankuna masu yawa, misali, na asibiti, nazarin halittu (jaraba / urology), tunani (yanayin jima'i), zamantakewa; da kuma (2) suna bayar da jerin rahotanni na asibiti, duk tare da manufar gabatar da yiwuwar jagorancin bincike na gaba game da wannan batu. Canje-canje ga tsarin kwaskwarimar kwakwalwa suna bincike ne a matsayin yiwuwar ilimin ilimin halitta wanda ke haifar dysfunctions na jima'i.

Wannan bita ya kuma ba da hujjoji cewa kayan aikin batsa na Intanet na musamman (maras iyaka mara iyaka, yuwuwar sauƙaƙawa zuwa mafi girman kayan, tsarin bidiyo, da dai sauransu) na iya kasancewa mai ƙarfin gaske don daidaita yanayin jima'i zuwa abubuwan batsa na amfani da batsa na Intanet wanda ba sauƙin canzawa zuwa ainihin. Abokan hulɗa na rayuwa, irin wannan jima'i tare da abokan da ake so bazai yi rajista azaman haɗuwa ba da raguwa. Rahotanni na asibiti sun ba da shawarar cewa dakatar da amfani da batsa na Intanet wani lokaci ya isa don jujjuya mummunan tasirin, yana nuna buƙatar yin bincike mai zurfi ta amfani da hanyoyin da ke da alaƙa cire canji na amfani da batsa na Intanet.

3.4. Abubuwan da ke tattare da yanar-gizon Intanit-Dangantakar Matsalolin Jima'i: Muna tsammanin cewa cin zarafi na batsa yana haifar da ƙarancin jiki da haɓakawa a tsarin kwakwalwar kwakwalwa [72, 129] da haɗin gine-gine na kowane, ko duka biyu, an gano su a cikin binciken kwanan nan akan masu amfani da batsa na Intanit [31, 48, 52, 53, 54, 86, 113, 114, 115, 120, 121, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134].

10) Haɗa La'akari da Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam da Jijiyoyi Game da Ci gaba da Kula da Takamaiman Matsalolin Amfani da Intanet: Hulɗar Tsarin Aiwatar da Aiwatar da Mutum ( Brand et al. , 2016) . Bita kan hanyoyin da ke haifar da haɓakawa da kula da takamaiman matsalolin amfani da Intanet, gami da "rashin kallon batsa ta Intanet". Marubutan sun ba da shawarar cewa a rarraba jarabar batsa (da jarabar intanet) a matsayin rikice-rikicen amfani da intanet kuma a sanya su tare da wasu jarabar halaye a ƙarƙashin rikice-rikicen amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi a matsayin halaye masu jaraba. Karin bayani:

Kodayake DSM-5 na mayar da hankali kan labarun Intanit, yawan mawallafa masu mahimmanci sun nuna cewa masu neman magani suna iya yin amfani da wasu aikace-aikacen Intanet ko shafukan yanar gizo.

Daga halin da ake ciki na bincike, muna bayar da shawara cewa za a haɗa da rashin amfani da Intanet a ICD-11 mai zuwa. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa bayan rashin cin labarun Intanet, ana amfani da wasu nau'ikan aikace-aikacen matsala. Wata hanya zai iya haɗawa da gabatarwar wani lokaci na amfani da layin Intanet, wanda za'a iya ƙayyade idan aka la'akari da aikace-aikacen farko da aka yi amfani dashi (misali labarun yanar-gizon, labarun Intanet-caca, labarun amfani da Intanit, Sadarwar yanar-gizon Intanit, da kuma Cibiyar Kasuwancin Intanit).

11) Ilimin Jijiyoyin Jiki na Jarabawar Jima'i: Babi daga Neurobiology of Addictions, Oxford Press ( Hilton et al., 2016) - Karin bayani:

Muyi nazari akan asalin neurobiology don jaraba, ciki har da jaraba ko dabi'a, sa'an nan kuma tattauna yadda wannan ya danganta da fahimtarmu game da jima'i a matsayin wata ladabi wanda zai iya zama "wanda ba a iya sarrafawa ba" a rayuwar mutum ....

Ya bayyana a fili cewa ma'anar yanzu da fahimtar jaraba ya canza bisa ga jiko na ilimin game da yadda kwakwalwar ta koyi da sha'awar. Ganin cewa jarabawar jima'i an riga an bayyana shi ne kawai bisa ka'idoji na hali, an gani yanzu ta hanyar ruwan tabarau na neuromodulation. Wadanda ba za su iya fahimtar waɗannan ra'ayoyin ba zasu iya ci gaba da jingina ga dabi'ar da ba ta da kyau, amma wadanda suka iya fahimtar halin da ke cikin ilimin halitta, wannan sabon tsari ya ba da bayanin haɗin kai da kuma aikin aiki na jima'i wanda ya sanar da shi duka masana kimiyya da kuma likitan.

12) Hanyoyin Ilimin Jijiyoyi Don Jarabawar Batsa ta Intanet ( Stark & ​​Klucken , 2017) - Karin Bayani:

Samun jari-hujja ya karu sosai tare da ci gaba da Intanet. A sakamakon wannan, maza suna neman magani sau da yawa saboda yawan batuttukan batsa suna da iko; watau, ba su da ikon dakatarwa ko rage matsala masu rikitarwa ko da yake sun fuskanci sakamakon mummunar .... A cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata, an gudanar da bincike da yawa tare da likitoci na musamman, musamman ma'anar yanayin haɓakaccen magnetic jiki (fMRI), don nazarin al'amuran da ke kallon hotunan batsa a karkashin yanayin gwaji da kuma hanyoyi masu zurfin amfani da batsa. Idan aka ba da sakamakon da aka rigaya, ana iya amfani da fasahar batsa mai tsanani da aka sani da hanyoyin da ke da nasaba da ci gaban abubuwan da suka shafi addinan.

A ƙarshe, mun taƙaita nazarin, wanda yayi bincike akan yadda ake yin amfani da batsa ta batsa a kan ƙananan hanyoyi. Duk da rashin karatu na lokaci-lokaci, yana da kyau cewa halaye na halaye a cikin maza da jaraba da jima'i shine sakamakon ba abin da ya haifar da amfani da batsa ba. Yawancin nazarin da aka yi nazari sun fi mayar da hankali a kan sakamakon da aka yi game da kayan jima'i a cikin masu amfani da batsa fiye da yadda suka shafi batutuwa, wanda ya kwatanta abubuwan da aka gano game da abubuwan da ake amfani da su. Sakamako game da rage haɗin ƙaddamarwa na gaba-gaba tsakanin batutuwa da batsa na batsa za'a iya fassara su a matsayin alamar rashin kulawa da hankali game da lalata hali.

13) Shin yawan jima'i cuta ce ta jaraba? ( Potenza et al. , 2017) – Karin bayani:

An yi la'akari da mummunar lalacewar halayen jima'i (wanda ake aiki da ita kamar rashin karuwa da haɗin kai) don shiga cikin DSM-5 amma an cire shi ba tare da komai bane, duk da tsarawar ka'idoji da gwajin gwaji. Wannan cirewa ya hana yin rigakafi, binciken, da kuma maganin kulawa, da kuma likitan asibitin ba tare da ganewa na al'ada ba saboda rashin halayyar jima'i.

Bincike a cikin ilimin halittar cututtukan halayyar dan adam wanda ke haifar da rikicewar dabi'a ta jima'i ya haifar da binciken da ya danganci nuna son zuciya, halayen motsa jiki, da kuma sakewar da ke tattare da kwakwalwa wanda ke ba da babban kamanceceniya da jaraba. Ana gabatar da rikice-rikicen halayen jima'i a matsayin rikice-rikicewar rikice-rikice a cikin ICD-11, daidai da ra'ayin da aka ba da shawara cewa sha'awar, ci gaba da haɗuwa duk da mummunan sakamako, takaddama na tilastawa, da raguwar iko suna wakiltar fasali mai mahimmanci na rikice-rikice marasa ƙarfi.

Wannan ra'ayin zai iya dacewa da wasu rikice-rikice na DSM-IV, musamman caca pathological. Koyaya, waɗannan abubuwan an daɗe suna ɗaukar matsayin tsakiya ga jaraba, kuma a cikin canji daga DSM-IV zuwa DSM-5, an sake tsara nau'in cutar rashin ƙarfi ta Hanyar Classabi'a, tare da sake fasalin caca na cuta kuma an sake buga shi azaman cuta mai cutarwa. A halin yanzu, shafin yanar gizon beta na ICD-11 ya ba da jerin abubuwan da ke haifar da rikice-rikice, kuma ya haɗa da rikicewar halayen jima'i, ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta, kleptomania, da rikicewar fashewa na rikice-rikice.

Harkokin halayen jima'i mai tsanani ya zama daidai da rashin lafiyar jiki wanda aka ba da shi ga ICD-11, daidai da lokacin da ya fi dacewa da cin zarafin jima'i a halin yanzu da aka ba da shawara don ciwon halayyar jima'i a kan shafin yanar gizon ICD-11. Mun yi imanin cewa rarrabawar rikitarwa na halayen jima'i a matsayin abin ba da jima'i ya kasance daidai da bayanan da suka gabata kuma zai iya amfanar likitoci, masu bincike, da kuma mutanen da ke shan wahala da cutar ta wannan cuta.

14) Ilimin Jijiyoyin Jijiyoyin Batsa na Jarabawa - Bita na asibiti ( De Sousa & Lodha , 2017) - Karin bayani:

Binciken na farko ya dubi asalin kwayar jita-jita tare da mahimmancin lada da kuma tsarin da ya shafi kowa a kowane jaraba. An mayar da hankali sannan kuma canzawa ga cin zarafin batsa da kuma binciken da aka gudanar a kan kwayoyin halitta na yanayin an sake nazari. Rashin aikin dopamine a cikin batsa ta batsa an sake nazari tare da rawar wasu kwakwalwa kamar yadda aka gani akan binciken MRI. Anyi amfani da ilimin fMRI da ke amfani da jima'i na jima'i don yin nazarin binciken da ke tattare da batsa da kuma amfani da binciken daga waɗannan binciken. An kuma jaddada tasirin batsa na batsa a kan ayyukan halayen haɗin kai da kuma aikin zartarwa.

A cikin duka, an gano abubuwa na 59 wanda ya hada da dubawa, karamin dubawa da takardun bincike na ainihi kan batutuwan batsa da amfani, jaraba da kuma neurobiology. Takardun binciken da aka bincika a nan sun kasance a kan wadanda suka kaddamar da wani tushen kwayar cutar ta batsa. Mun haɗa da binciken da ke da samfurin samfurin kirki da kuma hanya mai kyau tare da nazarin lissafi masu dacewa. Akwai wasu nazari tare da ƙananan masu halartar taron, sharuɗɗa, sharuɗɗa da ƙwararrakin binciken da aka bincika don wannan takarda. Dukansu mawallafa sun sake nazarin takardu da kuma wadanda aka fi dacewa sun zaba domin wannan bita. An kara ƙarin wannan tare da kwarewa na sirri na duka marubucin da suke aiki a kai a kai tare da marasa lafiya inda buri da kallon batsa alama ce mai ban tsoro. Har ila yau mawallafa suna da kwarewar tunanin mutum da waɗannan marasa lafiya waɗanda suka kara darajar fahimtar neurobiological.

15) Shaidar Pudding tana cikin ɗanɗano: Ana Bukatar Bayanai Don Gwada Samfura da Hasashe Masu Alaƙa da Halayen Jima'i na Tilas ( Gola & Potenza , 2018) - Karin Bayani:

Kamar yadda aka bayyana a wani wuri (Kraus, Voon, & Potenza, 2016a ), akwai ƙaruwar wallafe-wallafen da ke kan CSB, waɗanda suka kai sama da 11,400 a cikin 2015. Duk da haka, tambayoyi masu mahimmanci kan fahimtar CSB har yanzu ba a amsa su ba (Potenza, Gola, Voon, Kor, & Kraus, 2017 ). Zai zama da mahimmanci a yi la'akari da yadda DSM da Rarraba Cututtuka na Duniya (ICD) ke aiki dangane da ma'ana da tsarin rarrabuwa. Yin hakan, muna ganin ya dace a mai da hankali kan matsalar caca (wanda kuma aka sani da caca ta pathological) da kuma yadda aka yi la'akari da ita a cikin DSM-IV da DSM-5 (da kuma a cikin ICD-10 da ICD-11 mai zuwa). A cikin DSM-IV, an rarraba caca ta pathological a matsayin "Matsalar Sarrafa Motsa Jiki Ba a Rarraba ta a Wani Wuri Ba." A cikin DSM-5, an sake rarraba ta a matsayin "Matsalar da ke da Alaƙa da Abubuwan da ke Shafar Abubuwa da Addictive."…. Ya kamata a yi amfani da irin wannan hanyar ga CSB, wanda a halin yanzu ake la'akari da shi don haɗawa a matsayin matsalar sarrafa motsin rai a cikin ICD-11 (Grant et al., 2014 ; Kraus et al., 2018 )….

Daga cikin fannoni da za su iya nuna kamanceceniya tsakanin CSB da cututtukan jaraba akwai nazarin hotunan jijiyoyi, tare da wasu bincike da Walton et al. suka yi watsi da su kwanan nan ( 2017 ). Nazarin farko sau da yawa yana bincika CSB dangane da samfuran jaraba (an sake duba su a cikin Gola, Wordecha, Marchewka, & Sescousse, 2016b ; Kraus, Voon, & Potenza, 2016b ). Wani shahararren samfurin - ka'idar ƙarfafawa (Robinson & Berridge, 1993 ) - ya bayyana cewa a cikin mutanen da ke da jaraba, alamun da ke da alaƙa da abubuwan cin zarafi na iya samun ƙimar ƙarfafawa mai ƙarfi da kuma haifar da sha'awa. Irin waɗannan halayen na iya danganta da kunna yankunan kwakwalwa da ke da alaƙa da sarrafa lada, gami da ventral striatum. Ana iya gyara ayyukan tantance amsawar alama da sarrafa lada don bincika takamaiman alamun (misali, kuɗi da batsa) ga takamaiman ƙungiyoyi (Sescousse, Barbalat, Domenech, & Dreher, 2013 ), kuma kwanan nan mun yi amfani da wannan aikin don nazarin samfurin asibiti (Gola et al., 2017 ).

Mun gano cewa mutane da ke neman magani don amfani da batsa na matsala da kuma al'aura, idan aka kamanta su (da shekaru, jinsi, samun kudin shiga, da ibada, adadin saduwar jima'i tare da abokan hulɗa, lalata jima'i) batutuwa masu iko, sun nuna karuwar ƙarfin tashin hankali don al'amuran batsa na batsa lada, amma ba don ladan da aka danganta ba kuma ba don lambobin kuɗi da lada ba. Wannan yanayin aikin kunnawar kwakwalwa yana da nasaba da ka'idodin motsa jiki wanda ke ba da hankali kuma yana ba da shawarar cewa muhimmin fasali na CSB na iya haɗawa da ma'anar sake kunnawa ko sha'awar ta hanyar nuna tsaka tsaki na haɗin kai da ke tattare da yin jima'i da motsawar jima'i.

Ƙarin bayanai sun nuna cewa wasu da'irorin kwakwalwa da hanyoyin aiki na iya shiga cikin CSB, kuma waɗannan na iya haɗawa da cingulate na gaba, hippocampus da amygdala (Banca et al., 2016 ; Klucken, Wehrum-Osinsky, Schweckendiek, Kruse, & Stark, 2016 ; Voon et al., 2014 ). Daga cikin waɗannan, mun yi hasashen cewa tsawaita da'irar amygdala wacce ke da alaƙa da babban amsawa ga barazana da damuwa na iya zama da mahimmanci musamman a asibiti (Gola, Miyakoshi, & Sescousse, 2015 ; Gola & Potenza, 2016 ) bisa ga lura cewa wasu mutanen CSB suna da babban matakin damuwa (Gola et al., 2017 ) kuma alamun CSB na iya raguwa tare da rage damuwa a cikin magunguna (Gola & Potenza, 2016 )…

16) Inganta ilimi, rarrabuwa, magani, da tsare-tsaren manufofi Sharhi kan: Matsalar halayen jima'i na tilas a cikin ICD-11 ( Kraus et al ., 2018) - Littafin binciken likitanci da aka fi amfani da shi a duniya, Rarraba Cututtuka na Duniya (ICD-11), ya ƙunshi sabon ganewar asali wanda ya dace da jarabar batsa: "Matsalar Halayyar Jima'i ta Tilas ." Karin bayani:

Ga mutane da yawa waɗanda ke fuskantar yanayi na wahala ko gazawa wajen sarrafa sha'awar jima'i mai tsanani ko sha'awar jima'i da ke haifar da halayen jima'i da ke da alaƙa da damuwa ko rauni a cikin mutum, iyali, zamantakewa, ilimi, aiki, ko wasu muhimman fannoni na aiki, yana da matukar muhimmanci a iya bayyana matsalarsu da kuma gano matsalarsu. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci masu ba da kulawa (misali, likitoci da masu ba da shawara) waɗanda mutane za su iya neman taimako daga gare su su saba da CSBs. A lokacin bincikenmu da ya shafi mutane sama da 3,000 da ke neman magani ga CSB, mun sha jin cewa mutanen da ke fama da CSB suna fuskantar matsaloli da yawa yayin neman taimako ko kuma tuntuɓar likitoci ( Dhuffar & Griffiths, 2016 ).

Marasa lafiya sun ba da rahoton cewa likitocin asibiti na iya guje wa batun, bayyana cewa irin waɗannan matsalolin ba su wanzu, ko bayar da shawarar mutum yana da babbar hanyar jima'i, kuma ya kamata ya yarda da shi maimakon yin magani (duk da cewa ga waɗannan mutane, CSBs na iya jin girman-dystonic da jagoranci ga sakamakon mummunan sakamako da yawa). Mun yi imanin cewa ingantattun ƙa'idodi masu dacewa don rikicewar CSB zai haɓaka ƙoƙarin ilimi ciki har da haɓaka shirye-shiryen horo kan yadda za a tantance da kuma bi da mutane da alamun cutar CSB. Muna fatan cewa irin waɗannan shirye-shirye za su zama wani ɓangare na horo na asibiti ga masu ilimin halayyar mutum, masu tabin hankali, da sauran masu ba da sabis na kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa, da sauran masu ba da kulawa ciki har da masu bada kulawa ta farko, kamar su likitocin general.

Ya kamata a magance tambayoyi na asali kan yadda za a iya fahimtar matsalar CSB da kuma samar da magunguna masu inganci. Shawarar da ake bayarwa a yanzu ta rarraba matsalar CSB a matsayin matsalar da ke shafar motsin rai tana da ce-ce-ku-ce yayin da aka gabatar da wasu samfura daban-daban ( Kor, Fogel, Reid, & Potenza, 2013 ). Akwai bayanai da ke nuna cewa CSB tana da siffofi da yawa tare da jaraba ( Kraus et al., 2016 ), gami da bayanan da suka gabata da ke nuna karuwar amsawar sassan kwakwalwa masu alaƙa da lada bisa ga alamun da ke da alaƙa da abubuwan da ke haifar da sha'awa ( Brand, Snagowski, Laier, & Maderwald, 2016 ; Gola, Wordecha, Marchewka, & Sescousse, 2016 ; Gola et al., 2017 ; Klucken, Wehrum-Osinsky, Schweckendiek, Kruse, & Stark, 2016 ; Voon et al., 2014 ).

Bugu da ƙari, bayanai na farko sun nuna cewa naltrexone, magani mai alamun cututtukan shan barasa da opioid, na iya taimakawa wajen magance CSBs ( Kraus, Meshberg-Cohen, Martino, Quinones, & Potenza, 2015 ; Raymond, Grant, & Coleman, 2010 ). Dangane da rarrabuwar da aka gabatar game da cutar CSB a matsayin cuta mai sarrafa motsin rai, akwai bayanai da ke nuna cewa mutanen da ke neman magani don nau'i ɗaya na cutar CSB, amfani da batsa mai matsala, ba su bambanta dangane da rashin motsin rai daga jama'a ba. Madadin haka, ana gabatar da su da ƙarin damuwa ( Gola, Miyakoshi, & Sescousse, 2015 ; Gola et al., 2017 ), kuma maganin magunguna wanda ke niyya ga alamun damuwa na iya taimakawa wajen rage wasu alamun CSB ( Gola & Potenza, 2016 ). Duk da cewa ba zai yiwu a yanke hukunci mai ma'ana game da rarrabuwa ba, ƙarin bayanai suna nuna goyon bayan rarrabuwa a matsayin cuta mai jaraba idan aka kwatanta da matsalar sarrafa motsin rai ( Kraus et al., 2016 ), kuma ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike don bincika alaƙar da ke tsakanin wasu cututtukan tabin hankali ( Potenza et al., 2017 ).

17) Halayyar Jima'i Mai Tilas a cikin Mutane da Tsarin Kafin Asibiti (2018) - Karin Bayani:

Harkokin jima'i mai haɗari (CSB) ana kiransa a matsayin "cin zarafin hali," kuma yana da mummunan barazana ga rayuwa mai kyau da lafiyar jiki da tunani. Duk da haka, CSB ya jinkirta a gane shi a asibiti a matsayin rashin lafiya. CSB yana fama da cututtuka da cututtuka da magungunan abu, kuma binciken binciken na baya-bayan nan sun nuna rabawa ko ɓarna ƙwayoyin cuta, musamman ma a cikin kwakwalwar kwakwalwa dake kula da jin daɗin motsa jiki da kuma kulawa marar kyau. An duba nazarin neuroimaging Clinical wanda ya gano cewa tsarin gyare-gyaren tsari da / ko aiki a cikin kodayake na farko, amygdala, striatum, da thalamus a cikin mutane masu wahala daga CSB. Misali na musamman don nazarin rubutun ƙananan hanyoyi na CSB a cikin ratsan namiji an tattauna ne wanda ya haɗa da wani tsari na ƙalubalantar yanayi don bincika neman halayen jima'i ba tare da sakamakon da aka sani ba.

Saboda kamfanoni na CSB da wasu cututtuka masu magungunan, wato, maganin ƙwayoyi, kwatancen binciken da ke cikin CSB, da batutuwa masu maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi, na iya zama da muhimmanci a gano magungunan ƙwayoyin maganganu na yau da kullum don magance wannan cuta. Lalle ne, yawancin binciken sun nuna irin alamomin aikin neural da haɗin kai a cikin hanyoyin da ake amfani da su a cikin kwayoyin da ke cikin CSB da 87-89.

A ƙarshe, wannan bita ya taƙaita nazarin halayyar da ke tattare da samfurori da kuma maganin da ke tattare da mutum akan CSB da kuma haɓaka tare da wasu cututtuka, ciki har da cin zarafi. Haɗuwa, waɗannan binciken sun nuna cewa CSB yana hade da gyaran gyare-gyare a cikin dorsal cingulate da kuma kullin farko, amygdala, striatum, da thalamus, ban da rage haɗin kai tsakanin amygdala da cortex na farko. Bugu da ƙari, an kwatanta tsarin samfurin CSB a cikin ratsan namiji, ciki har da sabon shaida na gyare-gyare na gida a cikin mPFC da OFC wadanda aka haɗu tare da hasara na kulawa da halayyar jima'i. Wannan tsari na ƙayyadaddun yana bada dama na musamman don gwada jimlalin mahimmanci don gane ƙaddarar da kuma tushen asali na CSB da ƙaddara tare da wasu cututtuka.

18) Matsalolin Jima'i a Zamanin Intanet (2018) - Karin Bayani:

Desirearancin sha'awar jima'i, rage gamsuwa a ma'amala, da lalata lalata (ED) suna karuwa sosai a yawan matasa. A cikin binciken Italiyanci daga 2013, har zuwa 25% na batutuwan da ke fama da ED sun kasance ƙarƙashin shekaru 40 [1], kuma a cikin irin wannan binciken da aka buga a cikin 2014, fiye da rabin 'yan Kanada maza masu jima'i tsakanin shekaru 16 zuwa 21 ya sha wahala daga wasu nau'in cuta ta jima'i [2]. A lokaci guda, yawaitar rayuwar rashin lafiya da ke da alaƙa da Organic bai canza sosai ba ko ya ragu a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, yana ba da shawara cewa psychogenic ED yana kan haɓaka [3].

DSM-IV-TR ya bayyana wasu halaye tare da halayen hedonic, kamar caca, cin kasuwa, halayen jima'i, amfani da Intanet, da kuma amfani da wasan bidiyo, kamar "lalacewar rikicewar rikicewar ba'a rarraba wasu wurare ba" - kodayake waɗannan lokuta ana kwatanta su azaman jaraba [4] ]. Binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya ba da shawarar rawar da halayyar ɗabi'a ke lalata ta hanyar jima'i: sauye-sauye a cikin hanyoyin hanyoyin ƙwaƙwalwa da ke da alaƙa da amsawar jima'i na iya zama sakamakon maimaitawa, ƙarfin motsawar asali daban-daban.

Daga cikin tsangwama na hali, yin amfani da yanar-gizon damuwa da amfani da hotuna ta labaran sau da yawa ana nuna su a matsayin yiwuwar haɗari ga rashin cin zarafin jima'i, sau da yawa ba tare da iyakance ba tsakanin lambobin biyu. Masu amfani da layi suna janyo hankali ga batsa na Intanit saboda rashin sanin sa, rashin iyawa, da samuwa, kuma a lokuta da yawa ana amfani da ita ta hanyar amfani da cybersex: a cikin waɗannan lokuta, masu amfani zasu iya manta da matsayin "juyin halitta" na jima'i, ganowa more tashin hankali a cikin zaɓaɓɓun abubuwan da aka zaɓa a cikin jima'i ba tare da jima'i ba.

A cikin wallafe-wallafen, masu bincike suna da rikicewa game da aikin da ya dace da kuma batsa na batsa ta yanar gizo. Daga mummunan ra'ayi, yana wakiltar babban mawuyacin hali na masturbatory, cin zarafin cybersex, har ma da rashin ciwo.

19) Hanyoyin fahimtar jijiyoyi a cikin matsalar halayen jima'i na tilas (2018) - Karin bayani:

A yau, yawancin binciken da ke tattare da halayen jima'i ya ba da hujjoji game da abubuwan da ke haifar da halayen jima'i da bautar jima'i. Harkokin jima'i mai haɗari yana haɗawa da gyaran aiki a cikin sassan kwakwalwa da kuma cibiyoyin sadarwa da aka sanya a cikin ƙwarewa, haɓakawa, dyscontrol, da ladabi a cikin dabi'u kamar abu, caca, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na wasanni. Yankuna masu kwakwalwa da suka danganci abubuwan CSB sun haɗa da halayen gaba da na jiki, amygdala, da striatum, ciki har da accumbens.

An haɗa CSBD a cikin sigar ICD-11 ta yanzu a matsayin cuta mai sarrafa motsin rai [39]. Kamar yadda WHO ta bayyana, 'Rashin ikon motsa jiki ana siffanta shi da gazawar da ake yi akai-akai na tsayayya da sha'awa, himma, ko sha'awar yin wani aiki da ke ba mutum lada, aƙalla a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, duk da sakamako kamar cutarwa na dogon lokaci ga mutum ko ga wasu, alamar damuwa game da yanayin ɗabi'a, ko babban rauni a cikin mutum, iyali, zamantakewa, ilimi, aiki, ko wasu muhimman fannoni na aiki' [39]. Abubuwan da aka gano a yanzu suna tayar da tambayoyi masu mahimmanci game da rarrabuwar CSBD. Yawancin cututtuka da ke da alaƙa da rashin ikon motsa jiki an rarraba su a wasu wurare a cikin ICD-11 (misali, caca, wasanni, da cututtukan amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi an rarraba su azaman cututtukan jaraba) [123].

20) Fahimtar Yanzu Game da Jijiyoyin Halayyar Halayyar Jima'i Mai Tilasta da Amfani da Batsa Mai Matsala (2018) - Karin Bayani:

Binciken neurobiological kwanan nan sun bayyana cewa halayen halayen jima'i suna hade da canza tsarin aiki na jima'i da bambance-bambance a cikin tsarin kwakwalwa da aiki.

Abubuwan binciken da aka taƙaita a cikin bincikenmu suna nuna dacewa da dacewa tare da addinan hali da kuma abubuwan da suka shafi abubuwa, wanda ke tattare da abubuwa masu yawa da aka samo don CSBD (kamar yadda aka duba a [127]). Kodayake ko da yake wannan rahoto ya kasance, haɓaka abubuwa da halayyar hali suna haɓaka da haɓakawar karɓuwa da aka ƙayyade ta hanyar nazarin ra'ayi, halayya, da kuma neurobiological (dubawa da sake dubawa: [128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133]; barasa: [134, 135]; cocaine: [136, 137]; taba: [138, 139]; caca: [140, 141]; wasan kwaikwayo: [142, 143]). Sakamako game da haɗin kai-jihar aiki na nuna alamani tsakanin CSBD da sauran addinan [144, 145].

Kodayake an gudanar da bincike game da CSBD kaɗan game da maganin neurobiology, data kasance data bayar da shawara akan abubuwan da ke tattare da maganganun neurobiology tare da wasu kayan tarawa irin su amfani da kayan abu da caca. Saboda haka, bayanan da aka samo asali ya nuna cewa rarrabuwa zai iya zama mafi dacewa a matsayin jaraba na hali ba bisa yanayin rikici ba.

21) Maganin Hana Haihuwa a Halayen Jima'i na Tilas (2018) - Karin bayani:

Halayen Jima'i na Tilas (CSB) dalili ne na neman magani. Ganin wannan gaskiyar, adadin nazarin da aka yi kan CSB ya ƙaru sosai a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata kuma Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta haɗa da CSB a cikin shawararta ta ICD-11 mai zuwa…… Daga ra'ayinmu, ya kamata a bincika ko za a iya bambance CSB zuwa nau'ikan biyu waɗanda suka haɗa da: (1) halayen jima'i na mutane masu rinjaye, da kuma (2) halayen jima'i na kaɗaici da kallon batsa ( 48 , 49 ).

Adadin nazarin da ake da shi akan CSB (da kuma ƙananan asibitoci na masu amfani da batsa akai-akai) yana ƙaruwa koyaushe. Daga cikin nazarin da ake da su a halin yanzu, mun sami damar samun wallafe-wallafe tara (Tebur 1) waɗanda suka yi amfani da hoton maganadisu mai aiki. Huɗu ne kawai daga cikin waɗannan (36-39 ) sun binciki kai tsaye kan sarrafa alamun batsa da/ko lada da kuma sakamakon da aka ruwaito da suka shafi kunna ventral striatum. Nazari uku sun nuna ƙaruwar amsawar ventral striatum don abubuwan da ke haifar da batsa ( 36-39 ) ko alamun da ke hasashen irin waɗannan abubuwan da ke haifar da hakan ( 36-39 ) . Waɗannan binciken sun yi daidai da Ka'idar Incentive Salience Theory (IST) ( 28 ), ɗaya daga cikin fitattun tsare-tsare da ke bayyana aikin kwakwalwa a cikin jaraba. Tallafi ɗaya tilo ga wani tsarin ka'ida wanda ke annabta hypoactivation na ventral striatum a cikin jaraba, ka'idar RDS ( 29 , 30 ) , ya fito ne daga wani bincike ( 37 ), inda mutane tare da CSB suka gabatar da ƙarancin kunnawar ventral striatum don abubuwan da ke haifar da ban sha'awa idan aka kwatanta da sarrafawa.

22) Sha'awar Batsa ta Yanar Gizo: Abin da Muka Sani da Abin da Ba Mu Sani Ba—Bita Mai Tsari (2019) – Karin Bayani:

A cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, an sami yaduwar labaran da suka danganci jaraba na halayyar; wasu daga cikinsu suna da hankali kan jarabar batsa ta hanyar intanet. Koyaya, duk da duk ƙoƙarin, har yanzu ba mu iya yin bayanin martaba ba yayin da muke shiga cikin wannan ɗabi'a ta zama abin bincike. Matsaloli na yau da kullun sun haɗa da: samfurin ƙabilanci, bincika kayan aikin bincike, tsayayya da kusanci ga batun, da gaskiyar cewa wannan mahaɗin na iya kasancewa cikin babban ilimin halittar mutum (watau jarabar jima'i) wanda zai iya gabatar da kansa tare da alamomin rarrabuwar kawuna. Addarfafa abubuwan kara kuzari na samar da filin binciken da ba a bayyana ba, kuma yawanci suna nuna ƙirar amfani mai matsala: asarar iko, rashin ƙarfi, da amfani mai haɗari.

Rashin hankalin rashin daidaituwa ya dace da wannan ƙirar kuma ana iya haɗa shi da halayen jima'i da yawa, kamar amfani da matsala ta batsa ta yanar gizo (POPU). Amfani da batsa na kan layi yana kan karuwa, tare da yiwuwar jaraba idan aka yi la’akari da tasirin “sau uku A” (wadatarwa, wadatarwa, rashin saka ido). Wannan amfani mai matsala na iya yin illa ga ci gaban jima'i da aikin jima'i, musamman tsakanin samari.

Kamar yadda muka sani, da dama daga cikin binciken na baya-bayan nan suna tallafawa wannan mahadar a matsayin wani jaraba tare da muhimmancin bayyanuwar asibitoci irin su cin zarafin jima'i da kuma rashin jin daɗin mutum. Yawancin ayyukan da ake gudanarwa ya samo asali ne a kan bincike irin wannan da aka yi a kan abin da ke kan kayan abu, bisa la'akari da hotunan batsa ta yanar gizo a matsayin abin da ke da mahimmanci na '' supranormal 'a matsayin ainihin abin da, ta hanyar ci gaba da amfani, zai iya haifar da rikici. Duk da haka, batutuwa irin su haƙuri da abstinence ba a bayyana su a fili ba don su cancanci lakabi na jaraba, kuma haka ne babban ɓangare na bincike na gaba. A wannan lokacin, an gano wani abu na bincike da ke dauke da tsarin halayyar jima'i a cikin ICD-11 saboda yanayin da yake ciki a yanzu, kuma zai kasance da amfani don magance marasa lafiya da wadannan alamun da ke neman taimakon likitoci.

23) Faruwa da ci gaban jarabar batsa ta yanar gizo: abubuwan da ke haifar da saurin kamuwa da mutum, hanyoyin ƙarfafawa da hanyoyin jijiyoyi (2019) - Karin bayani:

Ationaddamarwa da haɓakar jarabawar cybersex suna da matakai biyu tare da yanayin gargajiya da yanayin motsa jiki. Da fari dai, mutane kanyi amfani da yanar gizo lokaci-lokaci don nishaɗantarwa da son sani. A wannan matakin, amfani da na'urorin intanet an haɗa shi da azama ta jima'i kuma Sakamakon yanayin yanayin, yana ƙara haifar da hankali ga al'amuran da suka shafi yanar gizo wanda ke haifar da matsananciyar sha'awar. Kowace yanayin cutarwar mutum yana sauƙaƙe fahimtar abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da hanyar yanar gizo. A mataki na biyu, mutane kanyi amfani da yanar gizo akai-akai don gamsar da sha'awoyinsu na jima'i ko Yayin wannan tsari, ma'anar fahimta ta hanyar yanar gizo mai zurfi kamar kyakkyawan fata na yanar gizo da hanyar magance matsalar kamar amfani dashi don magance motsin zuciyar mara kyau ana karfafa su sosai, waɗancan halayen na mutum yana da alaƙa. tare da jarabar cybersex kamar narcissism, neman sha'awar jima'i, excitability na jima'i, amfani da dysfunction amfani da jima'i kuma ana ƙarfafa su sosai, yayin da rikice-rikicen ɗabi'a na yau da kullun kamar juyayi, ƙanƙantar da kai da psychopathologies kamar rashin damuwa, damuwa yana ƙarfafa ƙarfafawa.

Kasawar aikin zartarwa yana faruwa ne saboda amfanin cybersex na dogon lokaci. Haɗin kai na kasawar aikin zartarwa da kuma matsananciyar sha'awar inganta haɓaka da kuma kula da jarabawar jarabar yanar gizo. Binciken da aka yi amfani da kayan aikin kwakwalwa da kayan aikin kwakwalwar kwakwalwa musamman don nazarin jarabar intanetex sun gano cewa masu amfani da yanar gizo na iya bunkasa kwazo da kwazo don amfani da yanar gizo yayin fuskantar alamomin da suka danganci yanar gizo, amma suna jin karanci da karancin farin ciki yayin amfani da shi. Nazarin suna ba da hujjoji don tsananin sha'awar abubuwa da ke tattare da abubuwan da suka shafi yanar gizo da kuma aiki mai raunin aiki.

A ƙarshe, mutanen da ke da saukin kamuwa da lalatawar yanar gizo ba za su iya dakatar da amfani da yanar gizo ba saboda tsananin sha'awar cybersex da rashin aikin zartarwa, amma suna jin ƙarancin gamsuwa yayin amfani da shi, kuma suna neman karin kayan batsa na asali akan layi akan tsadar lokaci da kuɗi. Da zarar sun rage amfani da yanar gizo ko kuma kawai sun bar shi, zasu sha wahala daga jerin abubuwan illa kamar ɓacin rai, damuwa, raunin kafa, rashin sha'awar jima'i.

24) Ka'idoji, rigakafi, da kuma maganin matsalar amfani da batsa (2019) - Karin bayani:

Rikicin halayen jima'i na rikice-rikice, ciki har da amfani da batsa na matsala, an saka shi a cikin ICD-11 a matsayin rikice-rikice na rikicewar rikicewa. Sharuɗɗan ganewar asali na wannan cuta, duk da haka, sun yi kama da sharuɗan cuta saboda halayen jaraba, alal misali maimaita ayyukan jima'i ya zama tushen rayuwar mutum, ƙoƙarin da bai yi nasara ba don rage halayyar jima'i da maimaitawa halayen jima'i duk da fuskantar mummunan sakamako (WHO, 2019). Yawancin masu bincike da likitocin sun kuma bayar da hujjar cewa amfani da batsa na matsala matsala ana iya ɗauka azaman jaraba.

Caccankewa da sha'awar haɗewa tare da rage ƙarancin sarrafa inhibitory, bayyananniyar fahimta (misali hankulan kusanci) da fuskantar gamsuwa da biyan kuɗi da aka danganta da amfani da batsa a cikin mutane da alamun alamun rashin amfani da batsa. Nazarin na neuroscientific ya tabbatar da shigarwar da'irorin da ke da nasaba da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta, ciki har da ventral striatum da wasu sassa na madaukai na gaban-goge, a cikin haɓaka da kiyaye amfanin amfani da batsa na matsala. Rahotanni na shari'ar da kuma nazarin-hujjoji na ƙididdigar ra'ayi suna ba da shawarar inganci na tasirin magunguna, alal misali opioid antagonist naltrexone, don kula da mutane tare da rikice-rikicen batsa-da lalata tashin hankali na jima'i.

Abubuwan tunani da ka'idoji masu ban sha'awa suna ba da shawara cewa hanyoyin tunani da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa da ke tattare da rikice-rikice suna kuma da inganci don lalata cuta ta amfani da batsa.

25) Amfani da Batsa Mai Matsala da Kai Ke Yi: Tsarin Haɗaka Daga Ka'idojin Bincike da Ra'ayin Muhalli (2019) - Karin Bayani

Amfani da hoton batsa na matsala mai kama da alama yana da alaƙa da ɓangarori da yawa na bincike da tsarin daban-daban a cikin kwayoyin. Dangane da binciken da aka samu a cikin kwatancen RDoC da aka bayyana a sama, yana yiwuwa a ƙirƙirar tsarin haɗin kai wanda ɓangarori masu bincike daban-daban ke tasiri da juna (Hoto 1). Ya bayyana cewa matakan dopamine masu tsayi, wanda ke gabatarwa a cikin aiki na dabi'a na tsarin ladan da ya danganci aikin jima'i da inzali, yana tsoma baki tare da aiwatar da tsarin VTA-NAc a cikin mutanen da ke yin rahoton SPPPU. Wannan lalatawar takaddara yana haifar da kunnawa ga ladan aikin sakamako da haɓaka yanayin da ya danganci amfani da batsa, inganta halayen kayan batsa sakamakon karuwar dopamine a cikin ƙimar ƙwayoyin cuta.

Cigaba da bayyanar da abubuwa na batsa masu saurin samuwa da alama suna haifar da rashin daidaituwa a cikin tsarin kwayar cutar mesolimbic. Wannan kwayar dopamine mai yawa yana kunna hanyoyin fitarwa na GABA, yana samar da dynorphin azaman kayan aiki, wanda ke hana ƙwayoyin dopamine. Lokacin da dopamine ya ragu, ana sakin acetylcholine kuma zai iya haifar da yanayin juya baya (Hoebel et al. 2007), ƙirƙirar tsarin lada mara kyau wanda aka samo a mataki na biyu na ƙirar jaraba. Wannan rashin daidaito kuma yana da alaƙa da sauyawa daga kusantar zuwa halayyar kaucewa, wanda aka gani a cikin mutanen da ke ba da rahoton yin amfani da batsa ta batsa…. Waɗannan canje-canje a cikin tsarin ciki da ɗabi'a tsakanin mutane tare da SPPPU suna kama da waɗanda aka lura da su a cikin mutanen da ke shan ƙwayoyi, kuma suna yin taswira cikin tsarin jaraba (Love et al. 2015).

26) Sha'awar jima'i ta yanar gizo: taƙaitaccen bayani game da ci gaba da maganin wata sabuwar cuta da ta kunno kai (2020) - Karin bayani:

Addu'ar Cybersex jaraba ce ta rashin amfani da abubuwa wacce ta ƙunshi yin jima'i ta yanar gizo. Yau, nau'ikan abubuwa da yawa da suka shafi jima'i ko batsa ana iya samun sauƙin ta hanyar kafofin watsa labarun yanar gizo. A Indonesia, yawanci ana ɗaukar jima'i a ɗabi'a amma yawancin matasa sun kamu da hotunan batsa. Zai iya haifar da jaraba tare da mummunan tasirin da yawa ga masu amfani, kamar dangantaka, kuɗi, da matsalolin ƙwaƙwalwa kamar babban rashin damuwa da rikicewar damuwa.

27) Waɗanne Sharuɗɗa Ya Kamata A Yi La'akari da Su A Matsayin Matsalolin da ke Cikin Rarraba Cututtuka na Duniya (ICD-11) Nau'in "Sauran Matsalolin da Aka Takaita Saboda Halayen Jaraba"? (2020) - Wani bita da kwararru kan jaraba suka yi ya kammala da cewa matsalar amfani da batsa yanayi ne da ya kamata a gano shi da nau'in ICD-11 "sauran cututtuka da aka ƙayyade saboda halayen jaraba". A takaice dai, amfani da batsa na tilastawa yana kama da sauran jaraba da aka sani. Karin bayani:

35) Amsawa, Koyo, da Kimantawa da Lada ke Shafi a Amfani da Batsa Mai Matsala - Ra'ayin Ka'idojin Bincike (2022) - Karin Bayani:

A taƙaice, sakamakon binciken SID mai ba da labari yana nuna halaye da hanyoyin lada na jijiyoyi waɗanda ke da hankali ga jima'i akan ladan kuɗi a cikin mahalarta tare da PPU kamar yadda sanannen ka'idar haɓakar haɓakar jaraba ke ba da shawara [35]. Wannan ka'idar ta ba da sanarwar cewa maimaita amfani da abu yana faɗakar da lada ga abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da amfani da kayan, kuma yana haɓaka tasirin ƙarfafawa ga waɗannan alamu. Canja wurin zuwa PPU, da'irar lada za ta dangana ƙara yawan kuzari ga alamun da ke nuna amfani da batsa.

36) Shin ya kamata a yi la'akari da halayen jima'i masu matsala a ƙarƙashin ikon jaraba? Bita mai tsari bisa ga ka'idojin rashin lafiyar amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi na DSM-5 (2023)

An gano ka'idodin DSM-5 na cututtukan jaraba sun zama ruwan dare a tsakanin masu amfani da jima'i masu matsala, musamman sha'awar, asarar iko akan amfani da jima'i, da mummunan sakamako masu alaƙa da halayen jima'i…. Ya kamata a yi ƙarin karatu [ta amfani da] ka'idodin DSM-5 [don tantance] abubuwan jaraba-kamar halayen halayen jima'i masu matsala a cikin asibitoci da waɗanda ba na asibiti ba.

37) Matsalar halayen jima'i (CSBD) da amfani da batsa mai matsala (PPU): Cikakken bita, nazarce-nazarce tsakanin fannoni daban-daban, da kuma na ƙwararru tare da shawarwari kan alkiblar gaba (2026)

Wannan bita ya tattara nazarin kwakwalwa na baya-bayan nan da kuma haɗa wasu nau'ikan bincike game da amfani da batsa mai matsala (PPU) da kuma rashin daidaituwar halayen jima'i (CSBD).

Akwai ayyuka da yawa da za a yi. Yana da mahimmanci a cire amfani da batsa ta yanar gizo daga CSBD, wato, ba a haɗa shi da jima'i tare ba kuma a yi masa magani a matsayin matsalar sarrafa sha'awa. Dole ne a sanya amfani da batsa ta yanar gizo mai matsala a inda ya dace, tare da jarabar caca ta yanar gizo da caca. Haka nan muna son ganin masu bincike suna roƙon mahalarta su kawar da amfani da batsa don auna duk wani tasiri, kuma muna son ganin ƙarin mai da hankali kan Matsalolin Jima'i da Batsa ke haifarwa.

___

Duba Nazarin Tambaya & Ruɗi don takardu da aka tallata sosai waɗanda ba su da'awar su ( wannan takarda mai kwanan wata - Ley et al. , 2014 - ba bita ne na wallafe-wallafe ba kuma ya yi kuskuren fassara yawancin takardun da ya ambata). Duba wannan shafin don nazarin da yawa da ke haɗa amfani da batsa da matsalolin jima'i da raguwar gamsuwar jima'i & dangantaka.

Nazarin nazarin ne (fMRI, MRI, EEG, Neuro-endocrine, Neuro-pyschological) a kan masu amfani da batsa da jima'i:

Nazarin ilimin halin da ke ƙasa an kasafta su ta hanyoyi biyu: (1) da kwakwalwar jaraba da ke jujjuya kwakwalwa yana canza kowane rahoto, kuma (2) da ranar bugawa.

1) An jera su ta Canjin Kwakwalwa Mai Alaƙa da Jaraba : George F. Koob da Nora D. Volkow sun bayyana manyan canje-canje guda huɗu na kwakwalwa da jaraba ke haifarwa a cikin bita mai mahimmanci. Koob shine Daraktan Cibiyar Kasa kan Barasa da Barasa (NIAAA), kuma Volkow shine darektan Cibiyar Kasa kan Barasa (NIDA). An buga shi a cikin Jaridar New England Journal of Medicine: Neurobiologic Advances from the Brain Disease Model of Addiction (2016) . Takardar ta bayyana manyan canje-canjen kwakwalwa da ke tattare da jarabar miyagun ƙwayoyi da ɗabi'a, yayin da ta bayyana a sakin layi na farko cewa jarabar jima'i tana wanzuwa:

"Mun kammala da cewa ilimin jijiyoyi yana ci gaba da tallafawa tsarin cututtukan kwakwalwa na jaraba. Binciken ilimin jijiyoyi a wannan fanni ba wai kawai yana ba da sabbin damammaki don rigakafi da magance jarabar miyagun ƙwayoyi da jarabar ɗabi'a masu alaƙa ba (misali, ga abinci, jima'i , da caca)…."

Takardar Volkow & Koob ta bayyana sauye-sauye guda huɗu na kwakwalwa da jaraba ke haifarwa, waɗanda suka haɗa da: 1) Jin Daɗi , 2) Rashin Jin Daɗi , 3) Da'irori na gaba-gaba marasa aiki (hypofrontality), 4) Tsarin damuwa mara aiki . An gano duk waɗannan canje-canje guda 4 na kwakwalwa a cikin nazarin jijiyoyi da yawa da aka jera a wannan shafin:

• Nazarin binciken sanarwa (cue-reactivity & cravings) a cikin masu amfani da batsa / jima'i jima'i: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28.
• Nazarin binciken lalatawa ko haɓaka (wanda ya haifar da haƙuri) a cikin masu amfani da batsa / jima'i: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8.
• Nazarin nazarin rahoton rashin talauci na gudanar da aiki (hypofrontality) ko musanya aiki na farko a masu amfani da batsa / jima'i addicts: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19.
• Nazarin yana nuna a dysfunctional danniya tsarin a masu amfani da batsa / jima'i: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.

2) An jera ta Ranar Bugawa : Jerin da ke ƙasa ya ƙunshi duk nazarin jijiyoyi da aka buga akan masu amfani da batsa da masu jarabar jima'i. Kowane bincike da aka jera a ƙasa yana tare da bayani ko wani ɓangare, kuma yana nuna wanne daga cikin canje-canjen kwakwalwa guda 4 da suka shafi jaraba suka tattauna bincikensa ya goyi bayan:

1) Binciken Farko Kan Halayen Juna Masu Ƙarfi Da Jijiyoyi na Halayen Juna Masu Ƙarfi ( Miner et al. , 2009) – [da'irori na gaba-gaba marasa aiki/aikin zartarwa mafi rauni] – Wani ƙaramin bincike na fMRI wanda ya shafi masu shan jima'i galibi (Halayen Juna Masu Ƙarfi). Binciken ya ba da rahoton ƙarin ɗabi'a mai ƙarfi a cikin aikin Go-NoGo a cikin batutuwa na CSB idan aka kwatanta da mahalarta sarrafawa. Binciken kwakwalwa ya nuna cewa masu shan jima'i sun lalata tsarin farin cortex na gaba idan aka kwatanta da sarrafawa. Karin bayani:

Bayanan da aka gabatar a cikin wannan takarda sun yi daidai da zaton cewa CSB yana da kamanceceniya tare da rikicewar rikicewar motsi, kamar kleptomania, caca mai tilastawa, da rikicewar abinci. Musamman, mun gano cewa mutanen da suka cika ka'idodin bincike don halayen halayen jima'i sun fi girma akan matakan rahoton kansu na impulsivity, gami da matakan ƙarancin impulsivity da halayen mutum, raarfafawa In .. Baya ga matakan rahoton kai na sama, marasa lafiyar CSB Hakanan ya nuna mahimmancin impulsivity akan aikin ɗabi'a, hanyar Go-No Go.

Sakamakon kuma ya nuna cewa marasa lafiyar CSB sun nuna mahimmanci mafi girman matsayi na gaba da ke gaba gaba ɗaya (MD) fiye da masu sarrafawa. Wani bincike na daidaitawa ya nuna ƙungiyoyi masu mahimmanci tsakanin matakan gaggawa da ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cutar (FA) da kuma MD, amma babu ƙungiyoyi da ke da ƙananan yankin gaba. Binciken da aka kwatanta sun nuna mummunar haɗuwa tsakanin haɓaka na gaba da lobe MD da kuma kayan kirkirar jima'i.

Don haka, waɗannan ƙididdigar na farko suna daɗaɗawa kuma suna samar da wata alama da ke nuna cewa wataƙila akwai alamun neuroanatomical da / ko neurophysiological abubuwan da ke tattare da halayen jima'i na tilas. Waɗannan bayanan kuma sun nuna cewa wataƙila CSB yana cikin halin ƙazanta, amma kuma ya haɗa da wasu abubuwan haɗin, wanda zai iya kasancewa yana da alaƙa da sake motsawar rai da damuwa na OCD.

2) Bambance-bambancen da aka ruwaito kan ma'aunin aikin zartarwa da halayyar jima'i ta maza masu yawan jima'i a cikin samfurin maza marasa lafiya da al'umma ( Reid et al ., 2010) - [aikin zartarwa mafi muni] - Wani ɓangare:

Marasa lafiya da ke neman taimako don halayyar luwadi sukan nuna fasalin impulsivity, fahimi rigidity, rashin kaifin hukunci, kasawa a ka'idojin motsin rai, da yawan damuwa da jima'i. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan halaye ma galibi ne tsakanin marasa lafiya waɗanda ke gabatar da cututtukan cututtukan jijiyoyin jiki waɗanda ke haɗuwa da lalacewar zartarwa. Wadannan maganganun sun haifar da bincike na yanzu game da bambance-bambance tsakanin rukuni na marasa lafiya maza da mata (n = 87) da samfurin samari marasa jima'i (n = 92) na maza masu amfani da Inventory Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version Halin maza da mata an daidaita su da kyau tare da ƙididdigar duniya na rashin aiki na zartarwa da ƙananan raƙuman ruwa na BRIEF-A. Wadannan binciken suna ba da hujja na farko da ke tallafawa tunanin cewa rashin aikin zartarwa na iya kasancewa cikin halayen lalata.

3) Kallon Hotunan Batsa a Intanet: Matsayin Kimantawa da Tashin Hankali da Alamomin Halayyar Dan Adam don Amfani da Shafukan Jima'i na Intanet Fiye da Kima ( Brand et al. , 2011) - [ƙarin sha'awa/fahimta da rashin aikin zartarwa mafi muni] - Wani ɓangare:

Sakamako ya nuna cewa matsalolin da aka ruwaito a cikin rayuwar yau da kullum da aka danganta da ayyukan jima'i na yau da kullum sunyi la'akari da matakan jima'i na jima'i na batsa, batutuwa na duniya da alamun cututtuka, da kuma yawan aikace-aikacen jima'i da aka yi amfani dashi lokacin da suke kan shafukan intanet a rayuwar yau da kullum, yayin da lokacin da aka yi amfani da shafukan yanar gizo na Intanet (minti a kowace rana) bai taimaka sosai ba wajen bayani game da bambancin a IATsex. Mun ga wasu daidaito tsakanin halayen kwakwalwa da kwakwalwa wanda zai iya taimakawa wajen kiyaye cybersex mai tsanani da kuma wadanda aka bayyana ga mutane da mahimmanci.

4) Tsarin Hotunan Batsa Yana Shafar Aikin Ƙwaƙwalwar Aiki ( Laier et al. , 2013) - [ƙarin sha'awa/fahimtar da kai da kuma rashin aikin zartarwa mai kyau] - Wani ɓangare:

Wasu mutane suna bayar da rahoton matsaloli a lokacin da bayan bayanan jima'i na Intanet, irin su barcin barci da manta da alƙawura, waɗanda suke da alaƙa da sakamakon lalacewa. Wata hanyar da zata iya haifar da wadannan matsalolin ita ce, jima'i a lokacin jima'i na Intanit zai iya tsangwama tare da damar aiki na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya (WM), wanda ya haifar da sakaci game da bayanan muhallin da ya dace da kuma yanke shawarar yanke hukunci mara kyau. Sakamakon ya nuna mummunan aikin WM a cikin yanayin hoto na aikin 4-baya da aka kwatanta da yanayin hotunan guda uku. Ana tattauna zane game da jaraba ta Intanet saboda wulakancin WM ta bayanan jita-jita da aka sani da sanannun abubuwa.

5) Tsarin Hoton Jima'i Yana Shagaltar da Yanke Shawara A ƙarƙashin Rashin Sha'awa ( Laier et al ., 2013) - [ƙarin sha'awa/hankali da rashin aikin zartarwa] - Wani ɓangare:

Sakamakon yanke shawara ya fi mummunan lokacin da hotunan jima'i suka haɗu da haɗarin katunan ajiya idan aka kwatanta da aikin yayin da aka haɗu da hotunan jima'i tare da magunguna masu kyau. Maɗaukaki na jima'i yana jagorancin dangantaka tsakanin yanayin aiki da yanke shawara. Wannan binciken ya jaddada cewa jima'i yana jituwa da yanke shawara, wanda zai iya bayyana dalilin da yasa wasu mutane ke samun sakamako mai kyau a cikin hanyar amfani da yanar gizo.

6) Sha'awar jima'i ta yanar gizo: Sha'awar jima'i da aka fuskanta lokacin kallon batsa ba tare da saduwa ta zahiri ba yana kawo canji ( Laier et al ., 2013) - [ƙarin sha'awa/fahimtar da kuma rashin aikin zartarwa mai kyau] - Wani ɓangare:

Sakamakon ya nuna cewa alamun nuna sha'awar jima'i da sha'awar shafukan yanar-gizon Intanet sunyi tsammanin halin da ake ciki don cin zarafin cybersex a cikin binciken farko. Bugu da ƙari kuma, an nuna cewa masu amfani da yanar gizo na mai matsala suna ba da rahoto game da halayen jima'i da kuma haɗari da suka haifar da gabatarwar hotuna. A cikin binciken duka biyu, adadin da inganci tare da ma'amala na ainihi ba su da alaka da buri na cybersex. Sakamakon yana goyan baya ga ƙaddamarwa, wanda ya zama ƙarfafawa, tsarin ilmantarwa, da kuma sha'awar zama matakai masu dacewa a ci gaba da kuma kiyaye tsangwama na cybersex. Magance ko rashin jin daɗi na lambobin sadarwar jima'i ba za su iya ba da cikakken bayani game da jima'i na yanar gizo ba.

7) Sha'awar Jima'i, ba Jinsi Mai Yawan Juna Biyu ba, tana da alaƙa da Amsoshin Jijiyoyi da Hotunan Jima'i ke Haifarwa ( Steele et al. , 2013) – [mafi girman martanin da ke da alaƙa da ƙarancin sha'awar jima'i: hankali da ɗabi'a] – An yi wannan binciken EEG a kafofin watsa labarai a matsayin shaida a kan wanzuwar jarabar batsa/jima'i. Ba haka ba ne . Steele et al . 2013 a zahiri yana ba da goyon baya ga wanzuwar jarabar batsa da amfani da batsa wanda ke rage sha'awar jima'i. Ta yaya haka? Binciken ya ba da rahoton ƙarin karatun EEG (idan aka kwatanta da hotuna masu tsaka tsaki) lokacin da aka fallasa mutane ga hotunan batsa na ɗan lokaci. Nazarin ya nuna cewa P300 mai girma yana faruwa ne lokacin da masu jaraba suka fallasa alamun (kamar hotuna) da suka shafi jarabar su.

Dangane da nazarin binciken kwakwalwa na Jami'ar Cambridge , wannan binciken EEG ya kuma ba da rahoton ƙarin martani ga batsa wanda ke da alaƙa da ƙarancin sha'awar jima'i tare. A wata hanyar - mutanen da ke da ƙarin kunnawar kwakwalwa ga batsa sun fi son yin lalata da batsa fiye da yin jima'i da mutum na gaske. Abin mamaki, mai magana da yawun binciken Nicole Prause ta yi iƙirarin cewa masu amfani da batsa suna da "babban sha'awa," duk da haka sakamakon binciken ya ce akasin haka ne (sha'awar waɗanda ke yin jima'i tare ta ragu dangane da amfani da batsa).

Tare, waɗannan binciken Steele da abokan aikinsa guda biyu sun nuna ƙarin aikin kwakwalwa ga alamun (hotunan batsa), amma ƙarancin amsawa ga lada na halitta (jima'i da mutum). Wannan abin jan hankali da rashin jin daɗi, waɗanda alamu ne na jaraba. Takardu takwas da aka yi wa bita kan takwarorinsu sun bayyana gaskiyar: Sukar da aka yi wa Steele da abokan aikinsa , 2013. Duba kuma wannan sharhin YBOP mai faɗi.

Baya ga da'awar da ba a tallafa wa ba a cikin manema labarai, abin damuwa ne cewa binciken EGG na Prause na 2013 ya wuce bita na takwarorinsu, saboda yana fama da manyan kurakuran hanyoyin: 1) batutuwa ba su da bambanci (maza, mata, waɗanda ba 'yan luwaɗi ba) ; 2) ba a tantance batutuwa don matsalolin tunani ko jaraba ba ; 3) binciken ba shi da ƙungiyar iko don kwatantawa ; 4) ba a tabbatar da tambayoyi don amfani da batsa ko jarabar batsa ba . Steele a al. yana da mummunan lahani har 4 kawai daga cikin bita da sharhin wallafe-wallafe 24 da ke sama sun damu da ambaton sa : biyu suna sukar sa a matsayin kimiyyar jaraba mara yarda, yayin da biyu suka ambaci shi a matsayin alaƙar amsawa tare da ƙarancin sha'awar jima'i da abokin tarayya (alamun jaraba).

8) Tsarin Kwakwalwa da Haɗin Aiki da ke da Alaƙa da Amfani da Batsa: Kwakwalwa akan Batsa ( Kuhn & Gallinat, 2014) - [rashin daidaituwa, al'ada, da da'irorin prefrontal marasa aiki]. Wannan binciken fMRI na Cibiyar Max Planck ya ba da rahoton binciken jijiyoyi guda 3 da ke da alaƙa da manyan matakan amfani da batsa: (1) ƙarancin tsarin lada mai launin toka (dorsal striatum), (2) ƙarancin kunna da'irar lada yayin kallon hotunan jima'i na ɗan lokaci, (3) ƙarancin haɗin aiki tsakanin dorsal striatum da dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Masu binciken sun fassara binciken guda 3 a matsayin alamar tasirin fallasa batsa na dogon lokaci. In ji binciken,

Wannan ya yi daidai da hasashen cewa yawan fallasa ga abubuwan da ke haifar da batsa yana haifar da raguwar amsawar jijiyoyi na halitta ga abubuwan da ke haifar da jima'i.

Lokacin da yake kwatanta rashin haɗin aiki tsakanin PFC da striatum binciken ya ce,

Rashin aiki na wannan kewaye yana da alaƙa da zabi marasa dacewa, kamar neman ƙwayoyi, ko da kuwa sakamakon mummunan sakamako

Babbar marubuciya Simone Kühn tana tsokaci a cikin sanarwar manema labarai ta Max Planck, ta ce :

Muna tsammanin cewa batutuwa da ke da batutuwa masu girma suna bukatar kara ƙarfafawa don karɓar nauyin adadin. Wannan na iya nufin cewa yin amfani da batsa ta yau da kullum ko fiye ko žasa ya fitar da tsarin aikin ku. Wannan zai dace daidai da tsammanin tsarin haɗin su na bukatar ƙarfafawa.

9) Alamomin Jijiyoyi na Amsawar Jima'i a cikin Mutane tare da kuma ba tare da Halayen Jima'i na Tilas ba ( Voon et al. , 2014) - [hankali/hankali-hankali da rashin hankali] Na farko a cikin jerin nazarin Jami'ar Cambridge ya gano irin wannan yanayin aikin kwakwalwa a cikin masu shan batsa (batutuwan CSB) kamar yadda aka gani a cikin masu shan miyagun ƙwayoyi da masu shan giya - mafi girman amsawa ko faɗakarwa. Babban mai bincike Valerie Voon ya ce:

Akwai bambancin bambanci a cikin kwakwalwar kwakwalwa tsakanin marasa lafiya da ke da halayyar jima'i da masu aikin sa kai na lafiya. Wadannan bambance-bambance sun kwatanta da wadanda ke shan magani.

Voon et al., 2014 sun kuma gano cewa masu shan batsa sun dace da tsarin jaraba da aka yarda da shi na son "shi", amma ba sa son "shi". Karin bayani:

Idan aka kwatanta da masu saran lafiya, batutuwa na CSB sun fi sha'awar jima'i ko sha'awar bayyana ra'ayoyin kuma sun fi sha'awar ƙididdigar ra'ayoyin, don haka suna nuna rashin daidaituwa tsakanin ƙauna da ƙaunar

Masu binciken sun kuma bayar da rahoton cewa 60% na batutuwa (matsakaicin shekarun: 25) yana da wuyar samun samfuri / haɗin kai tare da abokan hulɗa, duk da haka zai iya cimma burbushin da batsa. Wannan yana nuna mahimmanci ko al'ada. Excerpts:

Batutuwa na CSB sun ruwaito cewa sakamakon mummunan amfani da kayan aiki na jima'i ... .. raguwa ya rage libido ko aiki na musamman musamman a cikin dangantaka ta jiki da mata (ko da yake ba a cikin dangantaka da jima'i ba).

Batutuwa na CSB idan aka kwatanta da masu aikin sa kai na lafiya sun fi wahalar matsala tare da jima'i da jima'i kuma sun fuskanci matsaloli masu mahimmanci a cikin jima'i amma ba ga abin da ke tattare da jima'i ba.

10) Ingantaccen Nuna Hankali ga Alamomin Jima'i a cikin Mutane tare da da kuma ba tare da Halayen Jima'i na Tilas ba ( Mechelmans et al. , 2014) - [hankali/mai da martani] - Nazarin Jami'ar Cambridge na biyu. Wani ɓangare:

Abubuwan da muka gano game da abin da ya kamata mu kara da hankali ... sunyi tunanin yiwuwar haɓaka tare da kulawa da hankali da hankali akan nazarin magungunan miyagun ƙwayoyi a cikin rikici na tsari. Wadannan binciken sun haɗa da binciken da suka faru kwanan nan game da karuwar jigilar hanzari a cikin hanyar sadarwa kamar yadda aka tsara a cikin binciken nazarin magungunan miyagun ƙwayoyi da kuma bada tallafi ga dalili na motsa jiki na jaraba wanda ke haifar da amsawar aberrant zuwa jima'i a cikin [ batal addicts]. Wannan binciken ya damu tare da bincikenmu na kwanan nan cewa bidiyon bidiyo na jima'i an hade da mafi girma a cikin hanyar sadarwa mai kama da abin da aka lura a cikin nazarin magunguna. Bukatar mafi girma ko sha'awar maimakon ƙaunar da aka haɓaka da haɗin kai a cikin wannan cibiyar sadarwa. Wadannan nazarin tare suna bada goyon baya ga ka'idar motsa jiki na jarabawa wanda ke haifar da amsawar aberrant game da jima'i a cikin CSB.

11) Ana iya bayyana jarabar jima'i ta yanar gizo a cikin mata masu amfani da batsa ta intanet ta hanyar hasashen gamsuwa ( Laier et al ., 2014) - [mafi girma sha'awa/hankali] - Wani ɓangare:

Mun bincika mata 51 na IPU da mata 51 waɗanda ba masu amfani da yanar gizo ba (NIPU). Ta amfani da tambayoyi, mun tantance tsananin matsalar jarabar intanet gabaɗaya, da kuma haɓakar fitsarin jima'i, halayyar jima'i mai wahala, da kuma alamun alamun hankali. Ari ga haka, an gudanar da wani gwaji na gwaji, gami da gwajin hotunan batsa 100, kazalika da alamun nuna sha'awa. Sakamakon binciken ya nuna cewa IPU ta ba da hotunan batsa a matsayin abin sha'awa kuma an ba da rahoton babban abin sha'awa saboda gabatarwar hoton batsa idan aka kwatanta da NIPU. Haka kuma, sha'awar hoto, sanya hotuna na sha'awa, hankali ga sha'awar jima'i, halayyar jima'i mai matsala, da kuma tsananin alamun alamu na nuna halin sha'awar jarabar intanet cikin IPU.

Kasancewa cikin dangantaka, yawan lambobin jima'i, gamsuwa da lambobin saduwa da jima'i, da kuma amfani da yanar gizo masu hulda ba su da alaƙa da jarabar yanar gizo. Wadannan sakamakon suna cikin lamuran da wadanda aka ruwaito na maza maza a cikin karatun da suka gabata. Abubuwan bincike game da karfafawa game da sha'awar jima'i, hanyoyin ilmantarwa, da kuma rawar da ke tattare da sakewa da kuma sha'awar ci gaban jarabar intanet cikin IPU ana buƙatar tattaunawa.

12) Shaida Mai Ma'ana da La'akari da Ka'idoji kan Abubuwan da ke Ba da Gudummawa ga Jarabawar Jima'i ta Intanet Daga Ra'ayin Halayyar Fahimta ( Laier et al. , 2014) - [mafi girman sha'awa/hankali] - Wani ɓangare:

An tattauna yanayin da ake kira cybersex buri (CA) da kuma hanyoyin da ake gudanarwa. Ayyukan da suka gabata sun nuna cewa wasu mutane na iya zama masu sauƙi ga CA, yayin da ƙarfin ƙarfafawa da haɓakawa da ake gani ana daukar su su zama ginshiƙan tsarin ci gaban CA. A cikin wannan binciken, 155 mazaje maza da mata maza sun ƙididdige hotunan 100 hotuna kuma sun nuna haɓakawar haɗuwa da jima'i. Bugu da ƙari, abubuwan da ake nufi da CA, da hankali ga jima'i da jima'i, da kuma yin amfani da jima'i cikin jima'i an tsara su. Sakamakon binciken ya nuna cewa akwai dalilai na rashin lafiyar zuwa CA kuma ya samar da shaida ga muhimmancin jima'i da dullfunctional aiki a cikin ci gaba na CA.

13) Sabon abu, Shawara da Hankali ga Ladabi na Jima'i ( Banca et al ., 2015) – [mafi girman sha'awa/hankali da kuma ɗabi'a/rage hankali] – Wani bincike na fMRI na Jami'ar Cambridge. Idan aka kwatanta da masu shan batsa masu sarrafawa, sun fi son sabbin abubuwan jima'i da kuma alamun da ke da alaƙa da batsa. Duk da haka, kwakwalwar masu shan batsa ta saba da hotunan jima'i da sauri. Tunda ba a riga an fi son sabbin abubuwa ba, ana kyautata zaton cewa jarabar batsa tana haifar da neman sabbin abubuwa a yunƙurin shawo kan ɗabi'a da rashin jin daɗi.

Harkokin jima'i mai haɗaka (CSB) an hade da ingantaccen fifiko na sha'awa don yin jima'i, idan aka kwatanta da hotuna masu sarrafawa, da kuma ra'ayi na kowa don ra'ayoyin da ake jima'i don jima'i da kuma kudaden kuɗi tare da tsaka-tsaki idan aka kwatanta da masu aikin sa kai lafiya. Kamfanonin CSB sun sami ciwon haɗin kai da yawa don sake yin jima'i tare da tsabar kudi tare da matsayi na haɓaka da haɓakawa tare da ingantaccen zaɓi na jima'i. Hanyoyin halayyar da ke tattare da jima'i a cikin abubuwan da ba a yarda da su ba ne daga abubuwan da suka fi son yin amfani da su don halayyar jima'i. Wannan binciken ya nuna cewa mutane CSB suna da wani zaɓi wanda aka ƙaddamar da shi don ƙaddamar da haɗin kai wanda ya fi dacewa ta hanyar haɗakarwa ta al'ada tare da ingantaccen haɓakawa na kwanciyar hankali don lada. Wani bayani:

Wani ɓangare daga sanarwar manema labarai mai alaƙa:

Sun gano cewa lokacin da jima'i ya yi maimaita kallon jima'i akai-akai, idan aka kwatanta da masu aikin sa kai na lafiya sun sami raguwar aiki a yankin kwakwalwa da aka sani da layin kwakwalwa na baya, wanda aka sani yana shiga cikin sa ran sakamako da amsawa sababbin abubuwan. Wannan ya dace da 'haɓaka', inda mai shan magani ya sami irin wannan motsa jiki da ƙasa kuma ba mai ladabi - alal misali, mai shan giya na iya samun caffeine 'buzz' daga kofin su na farko, amma a tsawon lokaci sukan ƙara shan kofi, ƙananan buzz ya zama.

Hakanan wannan tasiri yana faruwa a cikin maza mai kyau wadanda aka nuna su a bidiyo guda daya. Amma idan sun duba sabon bidiyon, matakin sha'awa da ƙyamarwa ya koma matakin asali. Wannan yana nuna cewa, don hana haɓakawa, mai shan jima'i yana bukatar buƙatar samar da sababbin hotuna. A wasu kalmomi, halin da ake ciki yana iya fitar da bincike don hotunan hotuna.

"Abubuwan da muke binciken sun fi dacewa a cikin batutuwa na batsa na intanit," in ji Dokta Voon. "Ba a bayyana abin da ke haifar da jima'i ba a farkon wuri kuma yana iya yiwuwa wasu mutane sun fi damuwa da jaraba fiye da wasu, amma irin yadda ba a iya samar da hotuna a cikin layi ba, yana taimakawa wajen ci gaba da jaraba da jima'i. mafi wuya a tserewa. "

14) Abubuwan da ke cikin Jijiyoyi na Sha'awar Jima'i a cikin Mutane Masu Matsalolin Halayyar Jima'i ( Seok & Sohn , 2015) – [mafi girman amsawa/hankali da kuma da'irorin prefrontal marasa aiki] – Wannan binciken fMRI na Koriya ya kwaikwayi wasu nazarin kwakwalwa akan masu amfani da batsa. Kamar nazarin Jami'ar Cambridge, ya gano tsarin kunna kwakwalwa da aka haifar da cutar a cikin masu shan jima'i, wanda ya yi daidai da tsarin masu shan miyagun kwayoyi. Dangane da bincike da dama na Jamus, ya sami canje-canje a cikin prefrontal cortex wanda ya dace da canje-canjen da aka lura a cikin masu shan miyagun kwayoyi. Abin da ke sabo shi ne cewa binciken ya yi daidai da tsarin kunna prefrontal cortex da aka lura a cikin masu shan miyagun kwayoyi: Babban amsawa ga hotunan jima'i amma an hana martani ga wasu abubuwan da ke haifar da hankali. Wani ɓangare:

Nazarinmu na nufin bincike akan ƙwayoyin da ke tattare da sha'awar jima'i tare da haɓakaccen yanayi na furotin na aikin magudi (fMRI). Mutum ashirin da uku da ke da PHB da 22 shekaru-wanda ya dace da kyawawan lafiya an duba su yayin da suke kallon jima'i da jima'i. Matakan 'yan jarida' yan jima'i sun tantance su saboda amsawa ga kowane jima'i. Mahimmanci ga sarrafawa, mutanen da ke tare da PHB sun sami sha'awar jima'i da yawa da kuma bunkasa sha'awar jima'i yayin shawaɗɗa ga matsalolin jima'i. An lura da mafi girma a cikin ƙwayar caudate, lobe na parietal na baya, kwakwalwa na tsakiya na dorsal, thalamus, da kuma gurgunin gaba na farko a cikin kungiyar PHB fiye da ƙungiyar kulawa. Bugu da kari, alamu na hemodynamic a cikin yankunan da aka kunna sun bambanta tsakanin kungiyoyi. Daidai da binciken da kwakwalwar ke tattare da nazarin abu da halayyar dabi'a, mutanen da ke da dabi'un hali na PHB da kuma sha'awar da aka haɓaka sun nuna sauyawar kunnawa a cikin layin da ke gaba da ƙananan yankuna.

15) Sauya Abubuwan Da Za Su Iya Daɗewa Ta Hanyar Hotunan Jima'i a cikin Masu Amfani da Matsaloli da Kulawa Ba Su Dace da "Addinin Batsa" ( Prause et al. , 2015) - [habituation] - Wani bincike na EEG na biyu daga ƙungiyar Nicole Prause . Wannan binciken ya kwatanta batutuwa na 2013 daga Steele et al ., 2013 da ƙungiyar kulawa ta gaske (duk da haka ta sha wahala daga kurakuran hanyoyin da aka ambata a sama). Sakamakon: Idan aka kwatanta da "mutanen da ke fuskantar matsalolin daidaita kallon batsa" suna da ƙarancin martanin kwakwalwa ga fallasa hotunan batsa na vanilla na daƙiƙa ɗaya. Babban marubucin ya yi iƙirarin cewa waɗannan sakamakon " an cire jarabar batsa ." Wane masanin kimiyya ne mai gaskiya zai yi iƙirarin cewa bincikensu na rashin daidaituwa ya karyata wani fanni na bincike mai kyau?

A gaskiya ma, binciken Prause et al. 2015 ya yi daidai da Kühn & Gallina t (2014) , wanda ya gano cewa yawan amfani da batsa yana da alaƙa da ƙarancin kunna kwakwalwa a martanin hotunan batsa na vanilla. Binciken Prause et al . ya kuma yi daidai da Banca et al. 2015 wanda shine #13 a cikin wannan jerin. Bugu da ƙari, wani binciken EEG ya gano cewa yawan amfani da batsa a cikin mata yana da alaƙa da ƙarancin kunna kwakwalwa ga batsa. Karatun EEG ƙasa yana nufin cewa mutane ba sa mai da hankali sosai ga hotunan. A taƙaice, masu amfani da batsa akai-akai ba su da hankali ga hotunan batsa na vanilla. Sun gaji (suna da tabin hankali ko kuma ba sa jin daɗi). Duba wannan sharhin YBOP mai zurfi . Takardu goma da aka yi wa takwarorinsu sun yarda cewa wannan binciken ya gano rashin jin daɗi/halayya a cikin masu amfani da batsa akai-akai (daidai da jaraba): Sharhin Prause et al ., 2015

Yi kokari yayi shelar cewa karatunta ta EEG sun yi la'akari da "cue-reactivity" (sanarwa), maimakon haɓaka. Koda kodayake kodayaushe ta yi daidai sai ta yi watsi da ramin da ya ragu a cikin kalmar "falsification": Ko da kuwa Yi amfani da al al. 2015 ya sami raguwa mai yawa a yawan masu amfani da batsa, 24 wasu binciken nazarin binciken neuro ya ruwaito -ewaitawa ko ƙwarewa (sanarwa) a cikin masu amfani da batsa masu karfi: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24. Kimiyya baya tafiya da karatu na kaɗaici wanda mummunar dabara ce ta kama shi; kimiyya yana tafiya tare da tabbacin hujja (sai dai idan kun an kaddamar da shirin).

16) Rashin Tsarin Tsarin HPA Axis a Maza Masu Ciwon Jima'i Mai Yawan Juna Biyu ( Chatzittofis , 2015) – [amsawar damuwa mara aiki] – Wani bincike da aka yi da maza 67 masu shan jima'i da kuma 39 masu kula da shekaru. Tsarin Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) shine babban abin da ke taka rawa a cikin martanin damuwa. Shaye-shaye yana canza yanayin damuwa na kwakwalwa wanda ke haifar da rashin aiki na tsarin HPA. Wannan binciken kan masu shan jima'i (masu sha'awar jima'i) ya gano canje-canjen martanin damuwa wanda ke kama da binciken da aka yi tare da jarabar miyagun kwayoyi. An ɗauko daga sanarwar manema labarai:

Binciken ya shafi 67 maza da rashin daidaituwa ta maza da kuma 39 lafiya. Masu halartar da aka bincikar da su a hankali don rashin lafiyar mata da maza da kuma duk wani rikici tare da ciwo ko ƙananan yara. Masu bincike sun ba su kashi kadan na dexamethasone a daren jiya kafin gwajin don hana maganin maganin lissafi, sa'an nan kuma da safe sun auna matakan da suka hada da hormones cortisol da ACTH. Sun gano cewa marasa lafiya da rashin daidaituwa na maza da mata suna da matakai masu girma irin wannan kwayoyin halitta fiye da magungunan lafiya, wani bambanci wanda ya kasance ko da bayan kula da cututtukan zuciya da nakasa.

"An lura da ka'idojin tashin hankali a cikin masu fama da ciwo da marasa lafiya da kuma masu zalunci," in ji Farfesa Jokinen. "A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an mayar da hankali ne game da cutar da yara zai iya haifar da dysregulation daga cikin jiki ta hanyar jituwa ta hanyar abubuwan da ake kira epigenetic tsarin, a wasu kalmomi yadda yanayin psychosocial na iya rinjayar da kwayoyin da ke sarrafa wadannan tsarin." A cewar masu bincike, sakamakon ya nuna cewa tsarin kwayoyin halitta guda ɗaya da ke cikin wani nau'i na zalunci zai iya amfani da shi ga mutanen da ke fama da rikici.

17) Kulawa ta gaba da jarabar intanet: samfurin nazari da bita kan binciken neuropsychological da neuroimaging ( Brand et al ., 2015) - [da'irori na gaba mara aiki/rashin aikin zartarwa da kuma fahimtar juna] - Karin bayani:

Daidai da wannan, sakamakon daga aikin neuroimaging da sauran nazarin neuropsychological ya nuna cewa sake-amsawa, sha'awar, da yanke shawara sune mahimman ra'ayoyi don fahimtar jarabar Intanet. Abubuwan da aka samo akan raguwa a cikin ikon zartarwa sunyi daidai da sauran ƙwarewar ɗabi'a, kamar caca. Hakanan suna jaddada rarrabewar abin a matsayin jaraba, saboda akwai kamanceceniya da yawa tare da binciken abubuwan dogaro. Bugu da ƙari, sakamakon binciken na yanzu yana kama da binciken daga binciken bincike na dogaro da ƙarfafa kamanceceniya tsakanin jarabar cybersex da abubuwan dogaro ko wasu ƙwarewar ɗabi'a.

18) Haɗin kai na ɓoye a cikin jarabar yanar gizo: Daidaita Gwajin Haɗin kai na ɓoye tare da hotunan batsa ( Snagkowski et al ., 2015) - [mafi girma sha'awa/hankali] - Karin bayani:

Karatun da aka yi kwanan nan suna nuna kamanceceniya tsakanin jarabar cybersex da abubuwan dogaro da jayayya don rarraba jarabar cybersex azaman ɗabi'ar ɗabi'a. A cikin dogaro da abu, ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu sanannun suna taka muhimmiyar rawa, kuma irin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi masu ba da ma'ana ba a yi nazarin su a cikin jarabar yanar gizo ba, ya zuwa yanzu. A cikin wannan binciken na gwaji, mahalarta maza 128 maza sun kammala Gwajin Associationungiyar Associationungiya (IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998) wanda aka gyara tare da hotunan batsa. Bugu da ari, halayyar halayyar jima'i, da hankali game da halayyar jima'i, halaye game da jarabar cybersex, da sha'awar sha'awa saboda kallon hotunan batsa.

Sakamakon yana nuna ingantacciyar alaƙa tsakanin ƙungiyoyi bayyanannu na hotunan batsa tare da motsin zuciyar kirki da kuma sha'awar sha'awar jaraba, yanayin jima'i mai matsala, hankali ga sha'awar jima'i da sha'awar sha'awa. Haka kuma, an gudanar da bincike game da tashin hankali wanda ya nuna cewa mutanen da suka bayarda rahoton matsanancin son kai kuma suka nuna kyakkyawar kungiya ta hotunan batsa tare da kyakyawan halaye, musamman wadanda suka dace da jarabar intanet. Abubuwan da aka samo sun nuna rawar iyawa na ƙungiyoyi masu ma'ana tare da hotunan batsa a cikin ci gaba da kuma kula da jaraba na yanar gizo. Haka kuma, sakamakon binciken na yanzu yana kama da abubuwan da aka samo daga binciken dogaro da abubuwa da kuma karfafa kwatanci tsakanin jarabar cybersex da kuma abubuwan da suka dogara da su ko kuma wasu jarabawar halayyar.

19) Alamomin jarabar yanar gizo na iya dangantawa da kusantar da kuma guje wa abubuwan da ke haifar da batsa: sakamakon samfurin analog na masu amfani da yanar gizo na yau da kullun ( Snagkowski, et al. , 2015) - [mafi girma sha'awa/hankali] - Karin bayani:

Wasu hanyoyi suna nuna kamanceceniya da dogaro da sinadarai waɗanda halayen hanya/gujewa suke da mahimmanci. Masu bincike da yawa sun yi jayayya cewa a cikin yanayin yanke shawara game da jaraba, mutane na iya nuna sha'awar kusanci ko guje wa abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da jaraba. A cikin binciken da ake yi yanzu, maza 123 masu jinsi ɗaya sun kammala aikin Hanyar Gujewa (AAT; Rinck da Becker, 2007 ) wanda aka gyara tare da hotunan batsa. A lokacin mahalarta AAT ko dai dole ne su tura abubuwan da ke haifar da batsa ko kuma su jawo su zuwa ga kansu da joystick. An tantance hankali game da sha'awar jima'i, halayen jima'i masu matsala, da kuma sha'awar jarabar yanar gizo ta hanyar tambayoyi.

Sakamako ya nuna cewa mutanen da ke da halayen haɗarin cybersex suna kula da su ko kuma sun guje wa ciwon batsa. Bugu da ƙari, ƙididdigar rikicewar rikicewa ta bayyana cewa mutane da halayen jima'i da matsalolin jima'i da suka nuna dabi'u mai kyau / tsai da hankali, ya ruwaito mafi yawan alamun halayen cybersex. Ganin abubuwa masu mahimmanci, sakamakon yana nuna cewa duka biyan hankali da kuma kaucewa halayen zai iya taka muhimmiyar rawa a fyade na cybersex. Bugu da ƙari, haɗuwa tare da hankali ga haɗakar jima'i da matsalolin jima'i na iya haifar da tasiri game da ƙananan gunaguni na yau da kullum a cikin rayuwar yau da kullum saboda amfani da cybersex. Abubuwan binciken sun samar da hujjoji masu zurfi game da kamance tsakanin jituwa na cybersex da abin dogara. Irin wannan kamance za a iya komawa zuwa wani nau'i mai mahimmanci na aikin cybersex- da magungunan miyagun kwayoyi.

20) Mannewa da batsa? Yin amfani da batsa fiye da kima ko sakaci da alamun cybersex a cikin yanayi mai yawa yana da alaƙa da alamun jarabar cybersex ( Schiebener et al. , 2015) - [ƙarin sha'awa/hankali da rashin iko mafi kyau] - Karin bayani:

Wasu mutane suna cin abin da ke ciki na yanar gizo, irin su kayan batsa, a cikin wani abin bautar rai, wanda ke haifar da sakamakon mummunan sakamako a rayuwar mutum ko aiki. Wata hanyar da za ta haifar da mummunan sakamako zai iya rage ikon sarrafawa game da halayyar juna da halayyar da za su iya zama dole don gane fasalin manufa ta hanyar amfani da cybersex da sauran ayyuka da wajibai na rayuwa. Don magance wannan batu, mun bincika mahallin mahalarta 104 tare da zane-zane mai kwakwalwa tare da jiguna biyu: Ɗaya daga cikin jerin hotuna na mutane, ɗayan kuma ya kunshi hotunan hotuna. A cikin duka biyu an tsara hotunan bisa wasu ka'idodi. Dalilin da ya kamata shine ya yi aiki a kan dukan ayyuka masu rarraba a daidaituwa, ta hanyar sauyawa tsakanin ɗawainiya da ɗawainiyar ƙayyadewa a daidaitaccen hanya.

Mun gano cewa rashin daidaitattun aikin da aka yi a cikin wannan jigon mahaɗin ya haɗu da halayen da ya dace da jita-jitar cybersex. Mutane da wannan hali sukan yi amfani da su ko kuma suna watsi da aikin hotuna. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa rage ikon sarrafawa a kan ayyukan fasaha, lokacin da aka fuskanci batsa, zai iya taimakawa wajen halayen dysfunctional da kuma sakamakon mummunan sakamakon tsangwama na cybersex. Duk da haka, mutanen da ke da halayen haɗin cybersex suna da wani yunkuri don kaucewa ko kuma kusanci abubuwa na batsa, kamar yadda aka tattauna a dabi'un jaraba na jaraba.

21) Ciniki Lada daga baya don jin daɗin da ake da shi a yanzu: Cin Batsa da Rage Jinkiri ( Negash et al. , 2015) - [rashin iko mafi kyau na zartarwa: gwajin dalili] - Karin bayani:

Nazarin 1: Mahalarta sun kammala amfani da tambayoyin batsa da kuma yin ragin aiki a cikin Lokaci 1 sannan kuma bayan sati huɗu. Mahalarta masu ba da rahoton mafi girman batsa na farko suna amfani da mafi girman ragin ragi a Lokaci 2, suna sarrafa rangwame na farkon jinkiri. Nazarin 2: Mahalarta waɗanda suka kaurace wa batsa suna amfani da ragi na ragi na ƙasa da ƙasa fiye da waɗanda suka kaurace wa abincin da suka fi so.

Shafin batsa na Intanit kyauta ne wanda ke taimakawa jinkirta jinkirta bambanta fiye da sauran ladaran dabi'a, ko da a lokacin da amfani baya da karfi ko jaraba. Wannan bincike ya zama muhimmiyar gudummawa, yana nuna cewa sakamakon ya wuce ƙarancin lokaci.

Hanyoyin batsa na iya samar da jima'i na jima'i nan da nan amma suna da abubuwan da zasu iya wucewa da kuma tasiri ga wasu yankuna na rayuwar mutum, musamman dangantaka.

Abinda aka gano yana nuna cewa hotunan Intanet yana da ladabi wanda zai taimakawa jinkirta jinkirta bambanta fiye da sauran ladaran. Saboda haka yana da muhimmanci a bi da batsa a matsayin wani abu mai ban sha'awa a cikin lada, da lalata, da kuma ilimin jaraba da kuma yin amfani da wannan bisa ga mutum da kuma maganin dangantaka.

22) Jin Daɗin Jima'i da Juriyar Rashin Aiki Ya Kayyade Sha'awar Jima'i ta Intanet a Maza 'Yan Luwadi ( Laier et al. , 2015) - [mafi girman sha'awa/hankali] - Karin bayani:

Binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna wata dangantaka tsakanin tsananin cutarwar CyberSex (CA) da alamu na nuna halin jima'i, da kuma cewa halayyar halayen jima'i ya shiga tsakani tsakanin alamomin jima'i da alamun CA. Manufar wannan binciken ita ce gwada wannan matsakanci a cikin samfurin maza masu luwadi. Tambayoyi sun tantance alamun CA, hankali ga sha'awar jima'i, batsa tana amfani da motsa sha'awa, halayyar jima'i matsala, alamu na halin ɗan adam, da halayyar jima'i a rayuwa ta ainihi da kan layi. Haka kuma, mahalarta sun kalli bidiyon batsa kuma sun nuna sha'awarsu ta jima'i kafin da kuma bayan bayyanar bidiyon.

Sakamakon binciken ya nuna dangantaka mai ƙarfi tsakanin alamomin CA da alamomi na sha'awar jima'i da nuna wariyar jima'i, jimre wa halayen jima'i, da alamu na halin tunani. CA bashi da alaƙa da halayyar jima'i ta layi da sakin layi na mako-mako yana amfani da lokaci. Yin fama da halayen jima'i wani ɓangaren ɗan tsakani ne ya sulhunta dangantakar da ke tsakanin sha'awar jima'i da CA. Sakamakon binciken yana da alaƙa da waɗanda aka bayar da rahoto ga maza da mata na maza a cikin binciken da suka gabata kuma ana tattauna su game da asalin tunanin ka'idojin CA, waɗanda ke nuna rawar ingantacciyar ƙarfi da rashin ƙarfi saboda amfani da yanar gizo.

23) Matsayin Kumburin Jijiyoyi a cikin Cututtukan da ke Hawan Jini ( Jokinen et al ., 2016) - [maganin damuwa mara aiki da kumburin jijiyoyi] - Wannan binciken ya ba da rahoton ƙarin matakan da ke yawo a cikin ƙwayoyin cuta na Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) a cikin masu shan jima'i idan aka kwatanta da magunguna masu lafiya. An kuma gano matakan TNF masu yawa (alamar kumburi) a cikin masu shan muggan kwayoyi da dabbobi masu shan muggan kwayoyi (barasa, heroin, meth). Akwai alaƙa mai ƙarfi tsakanin matakan TNF da ma'aunin kimantawa waɗanda ke auna yawan jima'i.

24) Halayyar Jima'i Mai Tilas: Juzu'i na Gaba da Limbic da Hulɗa (Schmidt et al. , 2016) – [da'irorin gaba da rashin aiki da kuma fahimtar juna] – Wannan wani bincike ne na fMRI. Idan aka kwatanta da masu kula da lafiya na CSB (masu shan batsa) sun ƙara girman amygdala na hagu da kuma rage haɗin aiki tsakanin amygdala da dorsolateral prefrontal cortex DLPFC. Rage haɗin aiki tsakanin amygdala da prefrontal cortex ya yi daidai da jarabar abubuwa. Ana tsammanin cewa rashin haɗin kai yana rage ikon prefrontal cortex akan sha'awar mai amfani don shiga cikin halayen jaraba. Wannan binciken ya nuna cewa gubar miyagun ƙwayoyi na iya haifar da ƙarancin launin toka kuma don haka rage girman amygdala a cikin masu shan miyagun ƙwayoyi. Amygdala tana aiki koyaushe yayin kallon batsa, musamman lokacin da aka fara fallasa ta ga alamar jima'i. Wataƙila sabon abu na jima'i da bincike da neman sa yana haifar da tasiri na musamman akan amygdala a cikin masu amfani da batsa masu tilastawa. A madadin haka, shekaru na jarabar batsa da mummunan sakamako masu tsanani suna da matukar damuwa - kuma damuwa ta zamantakewa ta yau da kullun tana da alaƙa da ƙara girman amygdala . Nazarin #16 da ke sama ya gano cewa "masu shan jima'i" suna da tsarin damuwa mai yawa . Shin damuwa ta yau da kullun da ke da alaƙa da jarabar batsa/jima'i, tare da abubuwan da ke sa jima'i ya zama na musamman, zai iya haifar da ƙarar amygdala mafi girma? Wani bayani:

Bincikenmu na yanzu yana nuna ƙaruwar girma a cikin wani yanki da ke da alaƙa da motsin rai da kuma haɗin gwiwa na yanayin hutu na hanyoyin sadarwa na prefrontal sama-ƙasa. Rushewar irin waɗannan hanyoyin sadarwa na iya bayyana yanayin ɗabi'u marasa kyau zuwa ga lada mai kyau ga muhalli ko haɓaka amsawa ga alamun ƙarfafawa masu kyau. Kodayake bincikenmu na girma ya bambanta da waɗanda ke cikin SUD, waɗannan binciken na iya nuna bambance-bambance a matsayin aikin tasirin cutar kansa na shan miyagun ƙwayoyi na yau da kullun. Shaidu masu tasowa sun nuna yiwuwar haɗuwa da tsarin jaraba musamman tallafawa ka'idojin ƙarfafawa. Mun nuna cewa aiki a cikin wannan hanyar sadarwa mai kyau yana ƙaruwa bayan fallasa ga alamun jima'i masu mahimmanci ko waɗanda aka fi so [Brand et al., 2016 ; Seok da Sohn, 2015 ; Voon et al., 2014 ] tare da haɓaka son zuciya [Mechelmans et al., 2014 ] da sha'awar musamman ga alamar jima'i amma ba sha'awar jima'i ta gabaɗaya ba [Brand et al., 2016 ; Voon et al., 2014 ].

Ƙara hankali ga alamun jima'i yana da alaƙa da fifiko ga alamun jima'i don haka yana tabbatar da alaƙar da ke tsakanin yanayin yanayin jima'i da son zuciya [Banca et al., 2016 ]. Waɗannan binciken ayyukan da suka inganta da suka shafi alamomin yanayin jima'i sun bambanta da na sakamakon (ko abin ƙarfafawa mara sharaɗi) wanda ingantaccen ɗabi'a, mai yiwuwa ya yi daidai da ra'ayin haƙuri, yana ƙara fifiko ga sabbin abubuwan motsa jiki na jima'i [Banca et al., 2016 ]. Tare da waɗannan binciken suna taimakawa wajen fayyace tushen ilimin halittar CSB wanda ke haifar da fahimtar cutar da gano alamun warkewa masu yiwuwa.

25) Ayyukan Ventral Striatum Lokacin da ake Kallon Hotunan Batsa da aka Fi So Suna da Alamun Jarabawar Batsa ta Intanet ( Brand et al ., 2016) – [mafi girman amsawa/hankali] – Wani bincike na fMRI na Jamus. Nemo #1: Ayyukan cibiyar lada (ventral striatum) sun fi yawa ga hotunan batsa da aka fi so. Nemo #2: Haɓaka amsawar ventral striatum ya danganta da maki jarabar jima'i ta intanet. Duk binciken sun nuna jan hankali kuma sun daidaita da samfurin jaraba . Marubutan sun bayyana cewa "Tushen jarabar batsa ta intanet yana kama da sauran jaraba." Wani ɓangare:

Ɗaya daga cikin buri na yanar-gizon intanet ne mai amfani da batsa, wanda ake kira cybersex ko bidiyon Intanet. Neuroimaging karatu gano aiki ventilation lokacin da mahalarta kallon hanzari na ainihin jima'i idan aka kwatanta da kayan da ba a bayyana ba. Yanzu munyi zaton cewa sakonni ya kamata ya amsa ya fi son batsa idan aka kwatanta da hotunan batsa da ba a fi sonsa ba kuma ya kamata a yi daidai da aikin da aka yi a cikin wannan bambanci tare da bayyanarwar bayyanar cututtuka na Intanet. Mun yi nazarin 19 mahalarta maza da mata tare da hoton hoto wanda ya hada da abubuwan da suka fi son abin sha'awa.

Hotuna daga ɗakunan da aka fi so suna da ƙari, ƙananan maras kyau, kuma mafi kusa da manufa. Maganar ƙwararrayin motsa jiki ta fi karfi ga yanayin da aka fi so idan aka kwatanta da hotuna waɗanda ba a fi son su ba. Ra'ayin da aka yi a cikin kwakwalwa a cikin wannan bambanci ya kasance daidai da alamun da aka ba da rahoto game da jarabawar Intanet. Maganar bayyanar cututtuka ita ce maɗaukakiyar hangen nesa a cikin rikice-rikice na sharudda tare da amsawar sakonni na kwaskwarima kamar yadda yake dogara da mawuyacin hali da kuma hangen nesa na cin bidiyo na Intanet, cin zarafi na jima'i, halayyar zinare, rashin tausayi, halayyar mutumtaka, da halin jima'i a cikin kwanakin ƙarshe . Sakamakon yana tallafa wa rawar da ake yi don ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa cikin ladaran sakamako da ladaran da aka danganta da abubuwan da ke son batsa. Hanyoyin da ake bukata don samun sakamako a cikin kwakwalwa na iya taimakawa wajen yin bayani game da dalilin da ya sa mutane da wasu abubuwan da suke so da kuma jima'i suna da haɗari don rasa ikon su akan amfani da batsa na Intanit.

26) Canjin Yanayin Sha'awa da Haɗin Jijiyoyi a cikin Abubuwan da ke da Halayyar Jima'i Mai Tilasta ( Klucken et al. , 2016) – [mafi girman amsawa/hankali da kuma da'irorin prefrontal marasa aiki] – Wannan binciken fMRI na Jamus ya kwafi manyan bincike guda biyu daga Voon et al., 2014 da Kuhn & Gallinat 2014. Babban Sakamakon: An canza alaƙar jijiyoyi na yanayin sha'awa da haɗin jijiyoyi a cikin ƙungiyar CSB. A cewar masu binciken, canjin farko - ƙara yawan kunnawar amygdala - na iya nuna sauƙin sha'awa (babban "wayoyi" zuwa alamun da ba su da tsaka-tsaki a baya suna hasashen hotunan batsa). Canji na biyu - raguwar haɗin kai tsakanin ventral striatum da prefrontal cortex - na iya zama alamar rashin iya sarrafa motsin rai.

Masu binciken sun ce, "Waɗannan [sauye-sauye] sun yi daidai da sauran nazarin da ke binciken alaƙar jijiyoyi na cututtukan jaraba da ƙarancin sarrafa motsin rai." Sakamakon ƙarin kunna amygdalar ga alamun ( hankali ) da raguwar haɗin kai tsakanin cibiyar lada da prefrontal cortex ( hypofrontality ) sune manyan canje-canjen kwakwalwa guda biyu da aka gani a cikin jarabar miyagun ƙwayoyi. Bugu da ƙari, 3 daga cikin masu amfani da batsa 20 masu tilastawa sun sha wahala daga "rashin lafiyar orgasmic-erection." Wani ɓangare:

Bugu da ƙari, lura ya kara aiki na amygdala da kuma rage haɗin gwiwar kwakwalwa na PFC guda daya ya ba da damar yin bayani akan ilimin ilimin halitta da kuma maganin CSB. Wadanda ke tare da CSB sun fi dacewa su kafa ƙungiyoyi tsakanin ra'ayoyin da ba daidai ba da kuma matsalolin muhalli. Saboda haka, waɗannan batutuwa sun fi dacewa da haɗuwa da ra'ayoyinsu da ke nuna halin haɗuwa. Ko wannan yana kaiwa ga CSB ko sakamakon CSB dole ne bincike ta gaba zai amsa masa. Bugu da ƙari, tsarin tafiyar da bala'i, wanda aka nuna a cikin haɗin gwiwar ƙaddamarwa na gaba-gaba-gaba, zai iya taimakawa wajen tabbatar da halin rashin matsala.

27) Tilastawa a Faɗin Amfani da Miyagun Kwayoyi da Lada mara Magani ta Hanyar da Ba ta Dace da Muhalli ( Banca et al. , 2016) – [mafi girman amsawa/hankali, ingantattun amsoshi masu dacewa] – Wannan binciken fMRI na Jami'ar Cambridge ya kwatanta fannoni na tilastawa a cikin masu shan giya, masu cin abinci mai yawa, masu jarabar wasan bidiyo da masu jarabar batsa (CSB). Karin bayani:

Sabanin sauran cututtuka, CSB idan aka kwatanta da HV sun nuna saurin samun sakamako don samun sakamako tare da ƙarin juriya a cikin yanayin lada ba tare da la'akari da sakamako ba. Waɗanda ke cikin CSB ba su nuna wani takamaiman lahani a cikin canjin saiti ko koyo na juyawa ba. Waɗannan binciken sun haɗu da bincikenmu na baya na haɓaka fifiko ga abubuwan da ke haifar da sakamako na jima'i ko na kuɗi, gabaɗaya suna nuna haɓaka jin daɗin lada ( Banca et al., 2016 ). An nuna ƙarin nazarin da ke amfani da lada mai mahimmanci.

28) Sha'awar Batsa da Ilmantarwa ta Haɗin gwiwa Tana Hasashen Halin da Ake Ciki Game da Sha'awar Batsa ta Intanet a cikin Samfurin Masu Amfani da Batsa ta Intanet na Kullum ( Snagkowski et al. , 2016) - [mafi girman amsawa/hankali, ingantattun amsoshi masu dacewa] - Wannan binciken na musamman ya tsara wa mutane siffofi marasa tsaka-tsaki, waɗanda suka annabta bayyanar hoton batsa. Karin bayani:

Babu wata yarjejeniya game da ka'idodin binciken da ake amfani da su na yanar gizo na cybersex. Wasu hanyoyi sun hada da kamantattun abubuwan da suka dace, don abin da haɗin kai ya zama muhimmin mahimmanci. A cikin wannan binciken, 86 mazaje maza da maza sun kammala wani misali na Pavlovian zuwa Taswirar Canjin Abincin wanda aka gyara tare da hotunan hotuna don bincika ilimin haɗin gwiwar yin amfani da ilimin cybersex. Bugu da ƙari, ƙin sha'awar zuciya saboda kallon hotunan hotuna da halayen haɗarin cybersex an tantance su. Sakamakon ya nuna wani tasiri na sha'awar sha'awa game da halin da ake ciki game da cin hanci da rashawa na yanar gizo, ta hanyar jagoranci ta hanyar koyo.

Gabaɗaya, waɗannan binciken suna nuna mahimmancin aikin ilmantarwa na haɓaka don haɓakar jarabawar yanar gizo, yayin samar da ƙarin tabbaci mai ƙarfi don kamance tsakanin abubuwan da ke tattare da maye. A takaice, sakamakon binciken na yanzu yana nuna cewa ilmantarwa na iya haɗa muhimmiyar rawa dangane da haɓakar cutar siga ta yanar gizo. Abubuwan da muka samo sun ba da ƙarin tabbaci don kamance tsakanin jarabar intanet da abubuwan dogaro da abubuwa tun lokacin da aka nuna tasirin sha'awar batun tunani da koyan haɗin kai.

29) Canje-canje a yanayi bayan kallon batsa a Intanet suna da alaƙa da alamun rashin lafiyar kallon batsa ta Intanet ( Laier & Brand, 2016) - [ƙarin sha'awa/hankali, ƙarancin so] - Karin bayani:

Babban sakamakon binciken shine cewa abubuwanda ake nufi da Cutar Tattaunawar Intanit (IPD) suna haɗuwa da mummunan jin daɗi, farkawa, da natsuwa gami da dacewa da hangen nesa a rayuwar yau da kullun da kuma motsawar amfani da batsa ta Intanet dangane da neman sha'awa. da nisantar motsin rai. Bugu da ƙari, halayen zuwa IPD suna da alaƙa da mummunan yanayi kafin da bayan kallon hotunan batsa na Intanet da haɓaka ainihin kyakkyawan yanayi da nutsuwa.

An daidaita alaƙar da ke tsakanin sha'awar IPD da kuma neman farin ciki saboda amfani da batsa ta Intanet ta hanyar kimanta gamsuwar inzali da aka samu. Gabaɗaya, sakamakon binciken ya yi daidai da hasashen cewa IPD yana da alaƙa da sha'awar neman gamsuwar jima'i da kuma gujewa ko jure wa motsin rai da ke motsawa da kuma zato cewa canje-canjen yanayi bayan shan batsa suna da alaƙa da IPD ( Cooper et al., 1999 da Laier and Brand, 2014 ).

30) Matsalolin halayen jima'i a cikin matasa: Haɗuwa tsakanin masu canjin asibiti, halaye, da kuma masu canjin yanayin jijiyoyi (2016) - [rashin aikin zartarwa mafi kyau] - Mutanen da ke da Matsalolin Halayen Jima'i (PSB) sun nuna ƙarancin fahimtar jijiyoyi da yawa. Waɗannan binciken sun nuna rashin aikin zartarwa mai kyau (hypofrontality) wanda shine babban fasalin kwakwalwa da ke faruwa a cikin masu shan miyagun ƙwayoyi . Wasu kaɗan daga cikinsu:

Wani muhimmin sakamako daga wannan bincike shi ne cewa PSB ta nuna ƙungiyoyi masu mahimmanci tare da wasu dalilai na asibiti mai mahimmanci, ciki har da darajar girman kansu, rage yawan rayuwar rayuwa, BMI hawanta, da kuma mafi girma yawan tarurruka don yawancin cuta ...

... yana iya yiwuwar cewa siffofin da aka gano a cikin ƙungiyar PSB sun kasance sakamakon sakamako mai mahimmanci wanda ya haifar da PSB da sauran siffofi na asibiti. Ɗaya daga cikin matakan da za a iya cika wannan tasirin zai iya zama ƙananan ƙarancin da aka gano a cikin kungiyar PSB, musamman ma wadanda suka danganci ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, motsa jiki / motsa jiki, da kuma yanke shawara. Daga wannan halayyar, yana yiwuwa a gano matsalolin da ke faruwa a PSB da kuma ƙarin fasali na asibiti, irin su dysregulation na tunanin, zuwa gaggarun ƙaura ...

Idan matsalolin da aka gano a cikin wannan bincike su ne ainihin siffar PSB, wannan yana iya samun muhimman abubuwan da ke cikin asibiti.

31) Methylation na Kwayoyin Halitta Masu Alaƙa da HPA Axis a cikin Maza Masu Ciwon Jima'i ( Jokinen et al ., 2017) – [amsawar damuwa mara aiki, canje-canjen epigenetic] – Wannan bibiyar #16 ne a sama wanda ya gano cewa masu shan jima'i suna da tsarin damuwa mara aiki - babban canjin neuro-endocrine wanda jaraba ke haifarwa. Binciken da aka yi a yanzu ya gano canje-canjen epigenetic akan kwayoyin halitta da ke tsakiyar martanin damuwa na ɗan adam kuma yana da alaƙa da jaraba. Tare da canje-canjen epigenetic, jerin DNA ba ya canzawa (kamar yadda yake faruwa da maye gurbi). Madadin haka, ana yiwa kwayar halittar alama kuma ana juya bayyanarta sama ko ƙasa ( ɗan gajeren bidiyo yana bayanin epigenetics ). Canje-canjen epigenetic da aka ruwaito a cikin wannan binciken ya haifar da canjin aikin kwayar halittar CRF. CRF wani neurotransmitter ne da hormone wanda ke haifar da halaye masu jaraba kamar sha'awa, kuma babban ɗan wasa ne a cikin yawancin alamun janyewa da aka fuskanta dangane da jarabar abu da ɗabi'a , gami da jarabar batsa.

32) Binciken Alaƙar da ke Tsakanin Tilasta Jima'i da Nuna Bambanci ga Kalmomi Masu Alaƙa da Jima'i a cikin Tawagar Mutane Masu Aiki da Jima'i ( Albery et al. , 2017) - [mafi girman amsawa/hankali, rage hankali] - Wannan binciken ya kwaikwayi sakamakon wannan binciken Jami'ar Cambridge na 2014 , wanda ya kwatanta nuna bambanci ga masu sha'awar batsa da kuma kula da lafiya. Ga abin da ke sabo: Binciken ya haɗa "shekarun jima'i" da 1) maki na jarabar jima'i da kuma 2) sakamakon aikin nuna bambanci.

Daga cikin waɗanda suka fi samun maki mai yawa a jarabar jima'i, ƙarancin shekaru na ƙwarewar jima'i yana da alaƙa da ƙarin son zuciya ( bayanin son zuciya ). Don haka mafi girman maki na tilasta jima'i + ƙarancin shekaru na ƙwarewar jima'i = manyan alamun jaraba (ƙarin son zuciya, ko tsangwama). Amma son zuciya yana raguwa sosai a cikin masu amfani da tilastawa, kuma yana ɓacewa a mafi girman adadin shekarun ƙwarewar jima'i. Marubutan sun kammala da cewa wannan sakamakon na iya nuna cewa ƙarin shekaru na "aikin tilasta jima'i" yana haifar da ƙarin halaye ko kuma rage yawan amsawar jin daɗi gaba ɗaya (rage hankali). Wani ɓangare daga ƙarshe:

Ayan bayani mai yiwuwa don waɗannan sakamako shine cewa yayin da mutum ke yin jima'i na tilastawa mutum cikin halin tilastawa, yanayin da ake ciki yana yin haɓaka [36-38] kuma a tsawon lokaci, ana buƙatar ƙarin halin haɓaka don matakin daidai na motsa jiki. An kara jayayya cewa yayin da mutum ya shiga cikin halin tilastawa, neuropathways ya zama mai yanke kauna zuwa ga abubuwan da aka saba dasu na 'jima'i' ko hotuna da kuma daidaikun mutane sun canza zuwa 'matsanancin' motsa rai don cimma burin da ake so. Wannan yayi daidai da aikin da ke nuna cewa 'lafiyayyen' maza sun zama mazaunin mazaunin bayyananniyar lokaci kuma wannan halayen yana nunawa ta hanyar ragewa da ciwuka masu ɗaci [39].

Wannan yana nuna cewa ƙarin tilastawa, mahalarta masu aiki da jima'i sun zama 'kima' ko kuma ba su kula da 'kalmomin da aka saba da su na jima'i da aka yi amfani da su a cikin binciken yanzu kuma kamar wannan nuni ya rage nuna bambanci, yayin da waɗanda ke da haɓakawa da ƙarancin ƙwarewa har yanzu sun nuna tsangwama. saboda abin da yake motsawa shine ya kara samar da hankali.

33) Ayyukan Gudanarwa na Maza Masu Tilasta Jima'i da Marasa Tilasta Kafin da Bayan Kallon Bidiyon Batsa ( Messina et al ., 2017) - [rashin aikin zartarwa mai kyau, ƙarin sha'awa/hankali] - Bayyanar da ayyukan zartarwa na batsa suka shafi maza masu "halayen jima'i na tilasta," amma ba masu kula da lafiya ba. Rashin aikin zartarwa mai kyau lokacin da aka fallasa shi ga alamun da suka shafi jaraba alama ce ta rikice-rikicen miyagun ƙwayoyi (yana nuna duka da'irorin farko da aka canza ). Karin bayani:

Wannan bincike yana nuna mafi alhẽri a hankali bayan haɓakar jima'i ta hanyar sarrafawa idan aka kwatanta da masu halartar masu jima'i. Wadannan bayanan sun goyi bayan ra'ayin cewa maza masu tilasta wa jima'i kada suyi amfani da yiwuwar ilmantarwa daga kwarewa, wanda zai iya haifar da gyaran halayya mafi kyau. Hakanan za'a iya fahimtar wannan a matsayin rashin ilimin ilmantarwa ta hanyar rukuni mai jima'i lokacin da suke jima'i da jima'i, kama da abin da ke faruwa a sake zagayowar jima'i da jima'i, wanda ya fara tare da yawancin jima'i na jima'i, sannan ya fara yin jima'i rubuce-rubuce da kuma togas, sau da yawa shafukan daukan hotuna zuwa yanayi mai hatsari.

34) Shin Batsa Zai Iya Zama Mai Sha'awa? Nazarin FMRI Kan Maza Masu Neman Maganin Amfani da Batsa Mai Matsaloli ( Gola et al ., 2017) – [mafi girman amsawa/hankali, ingantattun amsoshi masu dacewa] – Nazarin fMRI wanda ya shafi wani tsari na musamman na amsawar alama inda siffofi marasa tsaka-tsaki suka annabta bayyanar hotunan batsa. Karin bayani:

Maza masu amfani da batsa masu matsala da waɗanda ba su da matsala (PPU) sun bambanta a cikin martanin kwakwalwa ga alamun da ke hasashen hotunan batsa, amma ba a cikin martanin hotunan batsa da kansu ba, daidai da ka'idar ƙarfafawa ta jaraba . Wannan kunnawar kwakwalwa yana tare da ƙarin motsawar ɗabi'a don kallon hotunan batsa (mafi girma 'so'). Amsawar ventral striatal don alamun da ke hasashen hotunan batsa yana da alaƙa da tsananin PPU, adadin amfani da batsa a kowane mako da adadin al'aura na mako-mako. Bincikenmu ya nuna cewa kamar a cikin cututtukan amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi da caca, hanyoyin jijiyoyi da halaye da ke da alaƙa da aiwatar da alamun suna da mahimmanci ga fasalulluka masu dacewa na asibiti na PPU. Waɗannan binciken sun nuna cewa PPU na iya wakiltar jarabar ɗabi'a kuma cewa tsoma baki da ke taimakawa wajen niyya jarabar ɗabi'a da miyagun ƙwayoyi yana buƙatar la'akari don daidaitawa da amfani da su wajen taimaka wa maza masu PPU.

35) Matakan Motsin Rai da Rashin Sani: Shin Suna Bambanta da Yawan Amfani da Batsa? ( Kunaharan et al. , 2017) – [halayya ko rashin jin daɗi] – Bincike ya tantance martanin masu amfani da batsa (karatun EEG & Amsar Farawa) ga hotuna daban-daban masu haifar da motsin rai - gami da batsa. Binciken ya gano bambance-bambance da dama tsakanin masu amfani da batsa masu ƙarancin mita da masu amfani da batsa masu yawan mita. Karin bayani:

Sakamakon ya nuna cewa ƙara yin amfani da batsa ya nuna cewa yana da tasiri a kan halin da ake ciki na kwakwalwa ba tare da nuna damuwa ba ga abubuwan da ya faru da halayyar kwakwalwa wanda ba a nuna ta ba.

4.1. Ƙimar da Aka Bayyana: Abin sha'awa, ƙungiyar masu amfani da batsa masu yawa ta kimanta hotunan batsa a matsayin waɗanda suka fi rashin daɗi fiye da ƙungiyar masu amfani da matsakaici. Marubutan sun ba da shawarar cewa wannan na iya kasancewa saboda yanayin "mai laushi" na hotunan "marasa sha'awa" da ke cikin bayanan IAPS ba su samar da matakin ƙarfafawa da yawanci suke nema ba, kamar yadda Harper da Hodgins [ 58 ] suka nuna cewa tare da yawan kallon abubuwan batsa, mutane da yawa sukan shiga kallon abubuwa masu ƙarfi don kiyaye irin wannan matakin ƙarfafawa na jiki.

Rukunin motsin rai na "mai daɗi" ya ga ƙimar valence ta dukkan ƙungiyoyi uku sun yi kama da juna, yayin da ƙungiyar da ake amfani da ita sosai ta kimanta hotunan a matsayin ɗan rashin daɗi a matsakaici fiye da sauran ƙungiyoyi. Wannan na iya sake kasancewa saboda hotunan "mai daɗi" da aka gabatar ba su da isasshen abin ƙarfafawa ga mutanen da ke cikin ƙungiyar da ake amfani da su sosai. Nazarin ya nuna raguwar yanayin jiki a cikin sarrafa abubuwan da ke ci saboda tasirin ɗabi'a a cikin mutanen da ke neman abubuwan batsa akai-akai [ 3 , 7 , 8 ]. Hujjar marubutan ita ce wannan tasirin na iya zama sanadin sakamakon da aka lura.

4.3. Tsarin Gyaran Tunani na Farko (SRM): Waɗanda ke cikin ƙungiyar na iya bayyana tasirin girgiza mai girma da aka gani a cikin ƙungiyoyin amfani da batsa masu ƙarancin girma da matsakaici, domin suna iya ganin hakan ya fi muni. A madadin haka, sakamakon da aka samu kuma yana iya kasancewa saboda tasirin ɗabi'a, inda mutane a cikin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi ke kallon batsa fiye da yadda suka bayyana a sarari - wataƙila saboda dalilan kunya da sauransu, kamar yadda aka nuna tasirin ɗabi'a yana ƙara martanin ƙyaftawar ido [ 41 , 42 ].

36) Fuskantar Abubuwan da ke Haifar da Jima'i Yana Haifar da Rage Ragewa Mai Yawa Wanda Ke Haifar da Ƙara Shiga Cikin Lalacewar Intanet Tsakanin Maza ( Cheng & Chiou , 2017) – [rashin aikin zartarwa mai kyau, ƙarin sha'awa - gwajin dalili] – A cikin bincike biyu, fallasa abubuwan da ke haifar da sha'awa ta hanyar jima'i ya haifar da: 1) rage jinkiri (rage gamsuwa), 2) ƙarin sha'awa ta shiga cikin laifukan yanar gizo, 3) ƙarin sha'awa ta siyan kayan jabu da kuma kutse a asusun Facebook na wani. Idan aka haɗa wannan, yana nuna cewa amfani da batsa yana ƙara sha'awa kuma yana iya rage wasu ayyukan zartarwa (kame kai, hukunci, hango sakamakon, sarrafa sha'awa).

Mutane sukan fuskanci matsalolin jima'i yayin amfani da Intanet. Bincike ya nuna cewa ciwon da zai haifar da halayyar jima'i zai iya haifar da rashin ƙarfi ga mutane, kamar yadda aka nuna a mafi yawan lokuta (watau, yanayin da ya fi dacewa da karami, samun ci gaba ga mafi girma, nan gaba).

A ƙarshe, sakamakon yanzu yana nuna ƙungiya tsakanin jima'i (misali, ɗaukan hotuna ga hotuna na mata masu jima'i ko zubar da halayyar jima'i) da kuma halayyar maza a cikin cin zarafin cyber. Abubuwan da muka gano sun nuna cewa rashin hankali da karfin jiki na namiji, kamar yadda aka nuna ta wurin tsaftacewar lokaci, yana da sauƙi ga rashin nasara a fuskar matsalolin jima'i. Mutane na iya amfani da su daga saka idanu ko bayyanar da matsalolin jima'i yana hade da zaɓuɓɓuka da halayen da suka dace. Abubuwan da muka gano sun nuna cewa magance matsalolin jima'i zai iya janyo hankalin mutane a hanyar hanyar yin amfani da cyber delinquency

Sakamakon yanzu yana nuna cewa samuwa mai yawa na jima'i a cikin tashoshin yanar gizon yanar gizo na iya kasancewa da haɗari da halayen cyber-behaviors na maza kamar yadda aka yi tunanin.

37) Masu Hasashen Amfani da Intanet (Matsala) Abubuwan da ke Bayyanar Jima'i: Matsayin Halayya Motsa Jiki da Tsarin Kai Tsaye Zuwa ga Abubuwan da ke Bayyanar Jima'i ( Stark et al. , 2017) - [mafi girman amsawa/hankali/sha'awa] - Karin bayani:

Binciken da aka yi a yanzu ya binciko ko zane-zane na jima'i da kuma abubuwan da ke tattare da jima'i sune masu hangen nesa na magance matsalar SEM da kuma lokutan yau da kullum suna kallon SEM. A cikin gwajin halayyar, mun yi amfani da Taskoki-Avoidance Task (AAT) don auna ƙaddamar da hankali game da jima'i. Kyakkyawan daidaituwa tsakanin daidaitattun tsarin kulawa da SEM da lokacin da ake amfani dasu akan kallon SEM zai iya bayyanawa ta hanyar illa mai ban sha'awa: Tsarin dabi'a mai kyau wanda za'a iya fassara shi a matsayin kula da hankali ga SEM. Wani batun tare da wannan tsinkaya na hankali zai iya janyo hankali ga labarun jima'i akan yanar-gizon da ke haifar da yawan lokaci da aka kashe akan shafukan SEM.

38) Gano Sha'awar Batsa ta hanyar amfani da Tsarin Kwamfuta na Jijiyoyin Jiki ( Kamaruddin et al., 2018) - Karin bayani:

A cikin wannan takarda, wata hanyar yin amfani da siginar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya daga yankin da aka yi amfani da ita ta amfani da EEG an ba da shawara don gano ko mai halarta zai iya yin jaraba na batsa ko in ba haka ba. Yana aiki ne a matsayin matakan dacewa da tambayoyin tambayoyin mutum. Sakamakon gwaji ya nuna cewa mahalarta masu haɗari suna da ƙananan aiki na ragowar alpha a cikin kwakwalwar kwakwalwa idan aka kwatanta da mahalarta ba'a. Ana iya kiyaye ta ta amfani da hasken wutar da aka ƙidaya ta amfani da Ƙaddamarwar Yanayin Electromagnetic Tsarin (LORETA). Har ila yau, ƙungiyar ta nuna cewa akwai rashin bambanci a tsakanin wadanda suka kamu da kamu da marasa lafiya. Duk da haka, bambancin ba kamar yadda yake a matsayin harufan haruffa ba.

39) Rashin sinadarin launin toka da kuma canjin yanayin hutawa a cikin mafi girman gyrus na lokaci tsakanin mutanen da ke da matsalar halayyar jima'i ( Seok & Sohn , 2018) - [rashin sinadarin toka a cikin cortex na lokaci, rashin haɗin aiki mara kyau tsakanin cortex na lokaci da precuneus & caudate] - Wani bincike na fMRI wanda ya kwatanta masu shan jima'i da aka tantance da kyau ("halayyar jima'i mai matsala") da masu kula da lafiya. Idan aka kwatanta da masu shan jima'i da aka sarrafa sun sami: 1) rage launin toka a cikin lobes na lokaci (yankuna da ke da alaƙa da hana sha'awar jima'i); 2) rage haɗin aikin precuneus zuwa cortex na lokaci (na iya nuna rashin daidaituwa a cikin ikon canza hankali); 3) rage haɗin aikin caudate zuwa cortex na lokaci (na iya hana sarrafa sha'awa daga sama zuwa ƙasa). Karin bayani:

Wadannan binciken sun nuna cewa lalata tsarin aiki a cikin gyrus na jiki da gyaran haɗin aiki a tsakanin gyrus na musamman da wasu yankunan (watau prentaus da caudate) zasu iya taimakawa wajen damuwa a cikin rashin hana tayar da hankalin jima'i a cikin mutane da PHB. Sabili da haka, waɗannan sakamakon sun nuna cewa canje-canje a tsarin da haɗin aiki a cikin gyrus na cikin gida zai iya kasancewa siffofin PHB kuma yana iya kasancewa 'yan takara masu cin gashin kansu don ganewa na PHB.

An yi amfani da kwayoyin grey a cikin takaddun ƙwayar cuta da kuma haɗuwa da haɗin gwanin hagu tare da hagu na STG. Sabili da haka, yana yiwuwa karuwar ƙwayar launin toka da haɗin aiki a cikin cerebellum an hade da halayyar tilas a cikin mutane da PHB.

A takaitaccen bayani, Binciken VBM na yanzu da kuma aikin binciken haɗin aiki ya nuna ƙarancin matsala da kuma canza haɗin aiki a cikin gyrus na cikin mutane da PHB. Mafi mahimmanci, tsarin haɓaka da haɗin aikin aiki an haɗa shi da mummunar ƙwayar PHB. Wadannan binciken sun samar da sababbin abubuwan da suka dace a cikin hanyoyin da ake amfani dashi na PHB.

40) Halin da ake ciki game da matsalar amfani da batsa ta intanet: Bambanci a tsakanin maza da mata game da nuna son kai ga abubuwan da ke haifar da batsa ( Pekal et al ., 2018) - [mafi girman amsawa/hankali, haɓaka sha'awa]. Karin bayani:

 Yawancin marubuta sunyi la'akari da rikicewar amfani da batsa na Intanit (IPD) azaman rikicewar jaraba. Ofaya daga cikin hanyoyin da aka yi nazari sosai game da rikice-rikice da rashin amfani da kayan abu shine haɓaka ƙyamar kulawa game da alamun da suka shafi jaraba. An bayyana nuna banbanci a matsayin tsari na hankali na fahimtar mutum wanda ya shafi alaƙar da ke tattare da jita-jita wanda ya haifar da jin daɗin haɓaka na abin da kansa. An ɗauka a cikin samfurin I-PACE cewa a cikin mutane masu saurin haɓaka alamun IPD abubuwan da ke tattare da fahimta da haɓaka-amsawa da sha'awar tasowa da haɓaka cikin tsarin jaraba. Don bincika rawar son zuciya a cikin ci gaban IPD, mun bincika samfurin 174 maza da mata mahalarta. An auna banbancin hankali tare da Tasirin Binciken Bincike, wanda mahalarta zasu amsa kan kibiyoyin da ke bayyana bayan hotunan batsa ko tsaka tsaki.

Kari akan haka, mahalarta taron sun nuna alamun sha'awar jima'i ta hanyar hotunan batsa. Bugu da ƙari, an auna sha'awar zuwa IPD ta amfani da Testan Jarrabawar Jaririn Internetarancin Internetsex. Sakamakon wannan binciken ya nuna dangantaka tsakanin banbancin hankali da tsananin tsananin IPD wanda ya shiga tsakani ya nuna wa masu nuna ra'ayi da kwadayi. Yayinda maza da mata gaba ɗaya suka bambanta a cikin lokutan amsawa saboda hotunan batsa, wani bincike na ƙuntatawa na sassauci ya nuna cewa nuna banbanci yana faruwa ba tare da jima'i ba a cikin yanayin abubuwan alamu na IPD. Sakamakon binciken ya goyi bayan zaton ka'idodin tsarin I-PACE dangane da abubuwan kara kuzari da ke da nasaba da abubuwan da suka shafi kwayoyi kuma sun yi daidai da karatun da ake yi game da sake dawo da aiki da kuma matsalar rashin amfani da abubuwa.

41) Canza Ayyukan Gaba da Gaba da na Ƙasa na Parietal Yayin Aiki na Stroop ga Mutane Masu Matsalolin Halayyar Jima'i ( Seok & Sohn, 2018) - [rashin kyawun kulawar zartarwa - lalacewar aikin PFC]. Karin bayani:

Evidenceididdigar shaida tana nuna alaƙar dangantaka tsakanin halayyar rashin lafiyan ɗabi'a (PHB) da rage ikon gudanarwa. Karatuttukan asibiti sun nuna cewa mutane masu PHB suna nuna matukar ƙarfin halin rayuwa; kodayake, ba a san komai ba game da hanyoyin dabarun lalacewa da ke gudana a cikin PHB. Wannan binciken yayi bincike game da mahimmancin ikon gudanarwa a cikin daidaikun mutane da PHB da kuma ingantattun kula ta amfani da abin da ya danganci ɗaukar yanayin aiki na maganadisu (fMRI).

Mutane ashirin da uku waɗanda ke cikin PHB da masu halartar kula da lafiya 22 sun sami fMRI yayin aiwatar da aikin Stroop. An auna lokacin amsawa da ƙudurin kuskure azaman misalign alamun ikon sarrafawa. Mutane daya-daya tare da PHB sun nuna rashin ingancin aiki da ƙananan kunnawa a madaidaiciya dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) da ƙasa mai ƙarfi parietal cortex mai dangantaka da sarrafawar lafiya yayin aikin Stroop. Bugu da kari, amsoshin matakin-oxygen na jini a wadannan yankuna sunyi alakar cutar da PHB. DLPFC madaidaiciya da bazuwar gamaetal bazu suna da alaƙa da iko na hankali mai ƙarfi da hankali na gani, bi da bi. Abubuwan da muka samo sun nuna cewa mutane masu PHB sun rage ikon gudanarwa da aiki mara kyau a cikin DLPFC madaidaiciya da ƙananan ƙira na parietal, suna ba da tushen asali don PHB.

42) Halayya da sha'awar jiki ga maza waɗanda ke da sha'awar rashin amfani da batsa ta intanet ( Antons & Brand , 2018) - [sha'awar da aka inganta, yanayin da ya fi girma da sha'awar hali]. Karin bayani:

Sakamako ya nuna cewa haɗin kai yana haɗuwa tare da mafi girma alama ta rashin lafiya na Intanet (IPD). Musamman mazanin maza da matsanancin hali ba tare da kwantar da hankulan su ba a cikin yanayin batsa na tashar tashar tashoshi da kuma wadanda ke da halayen haɗari masu zurfin gaske sun nuna alamun bayyanar cutar IPD.

Sakamakon ya nuna cewa duka halayen da sha'awar yanayi suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka IPD. Dangane da samfuran jaraba masu tsari biyu , sakamakon na iya nuna rashin daidaito tsakanin tsarin motsa jiki da tunani wanda abubuwan batsa za su iya haifarwa. Wannan na iya haifar da rashin iko akan amfani da batsa ta Intanet duk da cewa yana fuskantar mummunan sakamako.

43) Fasahohin sha'awa da sauran abubuwan da suka shafi hakan sun bambanta tsakanin amfani da batsa ta intanet na nishaɗi da rashin tsari ( Stephanie et al ., 2019) - [haɓaka sha'awa, rage jinkiri (hypofrontality), al'ada]. Karin bayani:

Saboda yanayinsa mai kyau, batsa ta intanet (IP) wani abu ne da aka riga aka ƙaddara don halayen jaraba. An gano gine-ginen da suka shafi sha'awa a matsayin masu haɓaka halayen jaraba. A cikin wannan binciken, mun bincika halaye na sha'awa (sha'awar hali, rage jinkiri, da salon fahimta), sha'awar IP, hali game da IP, da salon jurewa a cikin mutane masu amfani da IP na nishaɗi-lokaci-lokaci, nishaɗi-yawa-yawa, da kuma waɗanda ba a tsara su ba. An gano ƙungiyoyin mutane masu amfani da nishaɗi-lokaci-lokaci ( n = 333), amfani da nishaɗi-yawa-yawa ( n = 394), da amfani mara tsari ( n = 225) na IP ta hanyar kayan aikin tantancewa.

Mutanen da ke da amfani ba tare da izini ba sun nuna mafi girman maki don sha'awar sha'awa, rashin hankali, jinkirta ragi, da ƙwarewar aiki, da mafi ƙarancin sakamako don jimrewar aiki da buƙata don sani. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa wasu fuskokin impulsivity da abubuwan da suka danganci su kamar sha'awa da kuma mummunan ra'ayi sun kasance takamaiman ga masu amfani da IP marasa tsari. Sakamakon kuma yayi daidai da samfura akan takamaiman amfani da Intanet da halayen jaraba….

Bugu da ƙari, mutanen da ke amfani da IP mara tsari suna da mummunan ra'ayi game da IP idan aka kwatanta da masu amfani da nishaɗi da yawa. Wannan sakamakon na iya nuna cewa mutanen da ke amfani da IP mara tsari suna da babban dalili ko sha'awar amfani da IP, kodayake suna iya haɓaka mummunan ra'ayi game da amfani da IP, wataƙila saboda sun riga sun fuskanci mummunan sakamako da ke da alaƙa da tsarin amfani da IP ɗinsu. Wannan ya yi daidai da ka'idar ƙarfafawa-hankali na jaraba ( Berridge & Robinson, 2016 ), wanda ke ba da shawarar sauyawa daga so zuwa so yayin jaraba.

Wani ƙarin sakamako mai ban sha'awa shi ne cewa girman tasirin da aka samu na tsawon lokacin gwaje-gwajen bayan-hoc a cikin mintuna a kowace zaman, lokacin da aka kwatanta masu amfani da ba a tsara su ba da masu amfani da nishaɗi akai-akai, ya fi girma idan aka kwatanta da mita a mako. Wannan na iya nuna cewa mutanen da ke amfani da IP mara tsari musamman suna da wahalar daina kallon IP a lokacin zaman ko kuma suna buƙatar lokaci mai tsawo don cimma ladar da ake so, wanda zai iya zama daidai da nau'in haƙuri a cikin matsalolin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi. Wannan ya yi daidai da sakamakon da aka samu daga kimantawar diary, wanda ya nuna cewa yawan batsa yana ɗaya daga cikin halaye mafi halayya a cikin maza masu neman magani tare da halayen jima'i na tilas ( Wordecha et al., 2018 ).

44) Tsarin nuna son kai ga abubuwan da ke motsa sha'awa ga ɗaliban kwaleji maza maza da mata waɗanda ke amfani da batsa ( Skyler et al. , 2019) - [ƙarin hanyar nuna son kai (hangen nesa)]. Karin bayani:

Sakamakon ya goyi bayan hasashen cewa ɗaliban kwaleji maza maza da ke amfani da batsa suna da sauri wajen kusantar juna fiye da guje wa abubuwan da ke motsa sha'awa yayin aikin AAT….. Waɗannan binciken sun kuma yi daidai da ayyuka da yawa na SRC da ke nuna cewa mutanen da ke shan jaraba suna nuna halin da ake ciki na kusantar juna maimakon guje wa abubuwan da ke motsa sha'awa ( Bradley et al., 2004 ; Field et al., 2006 , 2008 ).

Gabaɗaya, binciken da aka bayar ya nuna cewa kusanci don matsalolin jaraba na iya zama saurin sauri ko shirye-shirye fiye da gujewa, wanda za a iya bayanin sa ta hanyar yin hulɗa da wasu abubuwan da ke haifar da halayyar halayyar halayyar addic .. Bugu da ƙari, jimillar jimla a kan BPS an daidaita ta da kusanci nuna bambanci, yana nuna cewa mafi tsananin tsananin amfani da batsa, ya fi ƙarfin matakin kusanci don matsalolin tashin hankali. Wannan ƙungiyar ta ci gaba da tallafawa ta hanyar sakamakon da ke ba da shawarar cewa mutanen da ke da matsala masu amfani da batsa, kamar yadda PPUS ya tsara, ya nuna fiye da ƙimar 200% mafi kusantar nuna son kai don matsalolin ɓarna idan aka kwatanta da mutane ba tare da amfani da batsa ba.

Idan aka haɗa su wuri ɗaya, sakamakon ya nuna cewa akwai kamanceceniya tsakanin jarabar abubuwa da ɗabi'a ( Grant et al., 2010 ). Amfani da batsa (musamman amfani da matsala) yana da alaƙa da hanyoyin da suka fi sauri don motsa sha'awa fiye da motsa jiki tsaka-tsaki, wata hanyar nuna son kai kamar wacce aka gani a cikin matsalolin amfani da barasa ( Field et al., 2008 ; Wiers et al., 2011 ), amfani da cannabis ( Cousijn et al., 2011 ; Field et al., 2006 ), da kuma matsalolin amfani da taba ( Bradley et al., 2004 ). Haɗuwa tsakanin siffofin fahimta da hanyoyin jijiyoyi da ke da alaƙa da jarabar abubuwa da kuma amfani da batsa mai matsala da alama yana yiwuwa, wanda ya yi daidai da binciken da ya gabata ( Kowalewska et al., 2018 ; Stark et al., 2018 ).

45) Ragewar microRNA-4456 da ke da alaƙa da hypermethylation a cikin rashin lafiyar jima'i tare da tasirin putative akan siginar oxytocin: Nazarin methylation na DNA na kwayoyin halittar miRNA ( Bostrom et al. , 2019) - [mai yiwuwa tsarin damuwa mara aiki]. Nazarin kan mutanen da ke da hypersexuality (jarabar batsa/jima'i) ya ba da rahoton canje-canjen epigenetic da ke kama da waɗanda ke faruwa a cikin masu shan giya. Canje-canjen epigenetic sun faru a cikin kwayoyin halittar da ke da alaƙa da tsarin oxytocin (wanda yake da mahimmanci a cikin soyayya, haɗin kai, jaraba, damuwa, aikin jima'i, da sauransu). Karin bayani:

A cikin bincike na haɗin methylation na DNA a cikin tsinkaye na jini, muna gano takamaiman CpG-shafukan da ke da alaƙa da MIR708 da MIR4456 waɗanda ke da bambanci sosai a cikin marasa lafiya na hyperexuality cuta (HD). Bugu da ƙari, muna nuna cewa hsamiR-4456 hade da methylation locus cg01299774 an bambanta methylated a cikin dogara da barasa, yana ba da shawara cewa ana iya haɗa shi da farko tare da kayan maye wanda aka lura a HD.

Kasancewar hanyar siginar oxygentocin da aka bayyana a cikin wannan binciken yana nuna alama yana da tasiri sosai a cikin yawancin halayen dake nuna HD kamar yadda Kafka et al suka gabatar. [1], kamar sha'awar jima'i, lalata, sha'awar sha'awa da (jima'i).

A ƙarshe, MIR4456 yana da ƙananan ƙananan magana a cikin HD. Bincikenmu yana ba da tabbaci cewa methylation na DNA a cikin cg01299774 wuri yana da alaƙa da bayyana MIR4456. Wannan miRNA putatively yana nufin kwayoyin halitta kamar yadda aka bayyana shi a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar kwakwalwa kuma ya shiga cikin manyan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin jijiyoyin da ake tunanin su dace da pathogenesis na HD. Abubuwan da muka samo daga bincike na canzawa a cikin epigenome suna ba da gudummawa ga ƙarin bayani game da hanyoyin nazarin halittu a baya na pathophysiology na HD tare da girmamawa ta musamman akanMIR4456 da kuma rawar da ya taka a cikin ƙididdigar oxytocin.

46) Bambancin girman abu mai launin toka a cikin sarrafa motsin rai da kuma matsalolin jaraba ( Draps et al. , 2020) - [hypofrontaility: descresed prefrontal cortex & anterior cingulate cortex gray matter]. Karin bayani:

Anan mun bambanta ƙididdigar al'amura masu launin toka (GMVs) a gungun mutane daban-daban masu rikicewar halayen jima'i (CSBD), matsalar caca (GD), da rashin lafiyar giya (AUD) tare da waɗanda basu da waɗannan rikice-rikice (masu kula da lafiya; HCs).

Mutanen da abin ya shafa (CSBD, GD, AUD) idan aka kwatanta da mahalarta HC sun nuna ƙananan GMVs a sandar gaba ta hagu, musamman a cikin cortex na orbitofrontal. An lura da bambance-bambancen da suka fi bayyana a cikin ƙungiyoyin GD da AUD, kuma mafi ƙanƙanta a cikin ƙungiyar CSBD. Akwai mummunan alaƙa tsakanin GMVs da tsananin rashin lafiya a cikin ƙungiyar CSBD. Babban tsananin alamun CSBD yana da alaƙa da raguwar GMV a cikin gyrus na cingulate na gaba na dama.

Wannan binciken shine na farko da ya nuna ƙananan GMVs a cikin ƙungiyoyin asibiti guda 3 na CSBD, GD da AUD. Bincikenmu ya nuna kamanceceniya tsakanin takamaiman rikice-rikicen sarrafa sha'awa da jaraba.

An yi amfani da fasahar cingulate cortex ta gaba (ACC) a cikin sarrafa fahimta, sarrafa abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin jin daɗi [56],[57], sarrafa hasashen kuskure, koyon lada [58], [59] da kuma amsawar amsawa [60],[34]. Dangane da CSBD, ayyukan ACC a cikin martani ga alamun jima'i an haɗa su da sha'awar jima'i a cikin maza tare da CSBD [61]. Maza tare da CSBD suma sun nuna fifikon da aka inganta don sabon abu na jima'i, wanda ke da alaƙa da halayen ACC [62]. Saboda haka, binciken da aka yi a yanzu yana faɗaɗa nazarin aiki na baya ta hanyar ba da shawarar cewa ƙarar ACC tana da mahimmanci ga alamun CSBD a cikin maza.

47) Matakan Oxytocin Mai Yawan Jini a Jini a Maza Masu Ciwon Jima'i ( Jokinen et al. , 2020) [amsawar damuwa mara aiki].– Daga ƙungiyar binciken da ta buga nazarin neuro-endocrine guda 4 da suka gabata kan maza masu "masu yawan jima'i" (masu jarabar jima'i/batsa). Saboda oxytocin yana da hannu a cikin martanin damuwa, an fassara matakan jini mafi girma a matsayin alamar tsarin damuwa mai yawa a cikin masu jarabar jima'i. Wannan binciken ya yi daidai da nazarin da mai binciken ya yi a baya da nazarin jijiyoyi da ke ba da rahoton martanin damuwa mara aiki a cikin masu shan muggan kwayoyi. Abin sha'awa, magani (CBT) ya rage matakan oxytocin a cikin marasa lafiya masu yawan jima'i. Karin bayani:

Rashin daidaituwa tsakanin maza da mata (HD) haɗakar da abubuwan ilimin pathophysiological kamar ƙa'idodin sha'awar jima'i, jarabar jima'i, impulsivity da compulsivity an ba da shawarar azaman ganewar asali ga DSM-5. "Cutar Jima'i Mai Haɗar Jima'i" yanzu an gabatar da ita azaman cuta mai rikitarwa a cikin ICD-11. Karatuttukan kwanan nan sun nuna matsayin HPA mara kyau a cikin maza tare da HD. Oxytocin (OXT) yana shafar aikin axis HPA; babu wani binciken da ya tantance matakan OXT a cikin marasa lafiya tare da HD. Ko maganin CBT don alamun HD yana da tasiri akan matakan OXT ba a bincika shi ba.

Mun yi nazarin matakan OXT na plasma a cikin marasa lafiya maza 64 da ke fama da HD da kuma maza 38 masu aikin sa kai masu lafiya waɗanda suka dace da shekarunsu. Bugu da ƙari, mun bincika alaƙar da ke tsakanin matakan OXT na plasma da alamun girma na HD ta amfani da ma'aunin kimantawa da ke auna ɗabi'ar jima'i ta hanyar jima'i.

Marasa lafiya da ke fama da HD suna da matakan OXT mafi girma idan aka kwatanta da masu aikin sa kai masu lafiya. Akwai alaƙa mai kyau tsakanin matakan OXT da ma'aunin kimantawa da ke auna halayen jima'i masu yawa. Marasa lafiya da suka kammala maganin CBT sun sami raguwar matakan OXT sosai daga magani kafin a yi musu magani. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa tsarin oxytonergic mai ƙarfi a cikin maza marasa lafiya da ke fama da matsalar jima'i mai yawa wanda zai iya zama hanyar ramawa don rage tsarin damuwa mai ƙarfi. Nasarar maganin ƙungiyar CBT na iya yin tasiri ga tsarin oxytonergic mai ƙarfi.

48) Kula da hana shiga da kuma amfani da batsa ta intanet mai matsala - Muhimmancin daidaita aikin insula ( Anton & Brand , 2020) - [juriya ko al'ada] - Marubutan sun bayyana sakamakonsu yana nuna haƙuri, wani alama ce ta tsarin jaraba. Karin bayani:

Ya kamata nazarinmu na yanzu ya zama hanya ta farko wacce ke karfafa bincike na gaba game da rakodi tsakanin hanyoyin tunani da dabarun son zuciya, amfani da matsalar IP, motsa jiki don canza halaye, da kuma hana kulawa.

Daidai da binciken da aka yi a baya (misali, Antons & Brand, 2018 ; Brand, Snagowski, Laier, & Maderwald, 2016 ; Gola et al., 2017 ; Laier et al., 2013 ), mun sami babban alaƙa tsakanin sha'awar mutum da tsananin alamun amfani da IP mai matsala a cikin duka yanayi biyu . Duk da haka, ƙaruwar sha'awa a matsayin ma'auni don amsawar cue-reactivity bai danganta da tsananin alamun amfani da IP mai matsala ba, wannan na iya dangantawa da haƙuri (cf. Wéry & Billieux, 2017 ) ganin cewa hotunan batsa da aka yi amfani da su a cikin wannan binciken ba a keɓance su ba dangane da fifikon mutum. Saboda haka, kayan batsa da aka yi amfani da su na yau da kullun ba za su iya zama masu ƙarfi don haifar da amsawar cue-reactivity a cikin mutanen da ke da tsananin alamun da ke da alaƙa da ƙarancin tasiri akan tsarin motsa jiki, tunani, da hulɗa da juna da kuma ikon sarrafa hanawa.

Tasirin haƙuri da abubuwan ƙarfafa gwiwa na iya bayyana ingantaccen aikin sarrafa hanawa a cikin mutanen da ke da tsananin alamun cutar wanda ke da alaƙa da bambancin aiki na tsarin hulɗa da tunani. Rage iko akan amfani da IP yana yiwuwa ne sakamakon hulɗar da ke tsakanin tsarin motsa jiki, tunani, da kuma tsarin hulɗa.

Idan aka haɗa su wuri ɗaya, insula a matsayin babban tsarin da ke wakiltar tsarin hulɗa yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin sarrafa hanawa lokacin da hotunan batsa ke nan. Bayanai sun nuna cewa mutanen da ke da alamun cutar IP masu tsanani sun fi yin aiki mafi kyau saboda raguwar ayyukan insula yayin sarrafa hoto da ƙaruwar aiki yayin sarrafa hanawa. Tsarin aikinsa na iya dogara ne akan tasirin haƙuri, wato, ƙarancin yawan aiki na tsarin motsawa yana haifar da ƙarancin albarkatun sarrafawa na tsarin hulɗa da tunani.

Don haka, canzawa daga m zuwa halayen tilastawa a sakamakon haɓaka amfani da IP mai matsala ko yanayin motsawa (kiyayewa) yana iya dacewa, saboda dukkanin albarkatun sun mayar da hankali kan aikin kuma nesa daga hotunan batsa. Binciken yana ba da gudummawa ga kyakkyawar fahimta game da raguwar iko a kan amfani da IP wanda ana tsammanin ba kawai sakamakon daidaituwa tsakanin tsarin lambobin biyu bane amma na hulɗa tsakanin mai jan hankali, mai nuna ra'ayi, da tsarin ma'amala.

49) Matakan Testosterone na yau da kullun amma Mafi Girman Luteinizing Hormone Plasma a cikin Maza Masu Ciwon Jima'i (2020) - [na iya nuna martanin damuwa mara aiki] - Daga ƙungiyar bincike da ta buga nazarin neuro-endocrine guda 5 da suka gabata kan maza "masu sha'awar jima'i" (masu shan jima'i/batsa), suna bayyana tsarin damuwa da aka canza, babban alama ga jaraba ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5. ). Karin bayani:

A cikin wannan binciken, mun gano cewa marasa lafiyar maza tare da HD ba su da wani bambanci mai mahimmanci a cikin matakan testosterone plasma idan aka kwatanta da masu sa kai na lafiya. Akasin haka, suna da matakan haɓakar plasma mai mahimmanci a cikin LH.

HD ya ƙunshi a cikin ma'anarsa cewa ɗabi'ar na iya zama sakamakon yanayin dysphoric da damuwa, ¹ kuma mun riga mun bayar da rahoton rashin daidaituwa tare da yawan aiki na HPA axis ¹³ da kuma canje-canjen epigenetic da suka shafi maza masu HD.

Akwai mu'amala mai rikitarwa tsakanin tsarin HPA da HPG, duka masu motsa jiki da kuma masu hanawa tare da bambance-bambance dangane da matakin ci gaban kwakwalwa. ²⁷ Abubuwan da ke haifar da damuwa ta hanyar tasirin tsarin HPA na iya haifar da hana danne LH da kuma sakamakon haihuwa. ²⁷ Tsarin 2 yana da mu'amala mai kama da juna, kuma abubuwan da ke haifar da damuwa na farko na iya canza martanin neuroendocrine ta hanyar gyare-gyaren epigenetic.

Tsarin da aka gabatar na iya haɗawa da hulɗar HPA da HPG, hanyar sadarwar jijiyoyi ta lada, ko hana sarrafa motsin jiki na yankunan prefrontal cortex. ³² A ƙarshe, mun bayar da rahoto a karon farko cewa matakan LH na plasma sun ƙaru a cikin maza masu yawan jima'i idan aka kwatanta da masu sa kai masu lafiya. Waɗannan binciken farko suna ba da gudummawa ga haɓaka wallafe-wallafe kan shigar da tsarin neuroendocrine da rashin daidaituwa a cikin HD.

50) Tsarin nuna son kai ga abubuwan da ke motsa sha'awa tsakanin ɗaliban kwaleji mata maza da mata waɗanda ke amfani da batsa (2020) [hankali da rage hankali ] - Nazarin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam na Yuro akan masu amfani da batsa mata sun ba da rahoton binciken da ke kama da waɗanda aka gani a cikin nazarin jarabar abubuwa. Tsarin nuna son kai ga batsa (hankali) da anhedonia (hana hankali) sun kasance da alaƙa mai kyau da amfani da batsa. Binciken ya kuma ba da rahoton: " mun kuma sami wata muhimmiyar alaƙa mai kyau tsakanin maki na son kai na hanyar batsa da maki akan SHAPS, wanda ke ƙididdige anhedonia. Wannan yana nuna cewa ƙarfin hanyar son kai ga abubuwan da ke motsa sha'awa, ƙarancin jin daɗin da mutumin ya ruwaito yana fuskanta ". A taƙaice, alamar neuropsychological na tsarin jaraba tana da alaƙa da rashin jin daɗi (anhedonia). Karin bayani:

Zunubi na gaba, ko kuma yanayin aiki kai tsaye don motsawa wasu motsawa zuwa ga jiki maimakon nisanta daga gare shi, shine mahimmin tsari mai ma'ana wanda ke tattare da tsarin mahimmancin hankali wanda ke tattare da halayen jaraba. Nau'in sarrafa abubuwa biyu na jarabar jaraba waɗanda ke haifar da jaraba a halayyarsu sakamakon rashin daidaituwa tsakanin ci, "m"
tafiyarwa da kuma tsarin gudanarwa na tsari. Maimaita alƙawarin halayen jaraba na iya haifar da abubuwan da mutum zai ɗauka kamar yadda mutane ke ɗauka maimakon guje wa jarabar jaraba. Wannan binciken ya tantance ko hanyar nuna bambanci ga sha'awar batsa ya kasance a tsakanin mata masu shekaru biyu na kwaleji wadanda ke ba da rahoton amfani da batsa.

Mahalarta sun nuna babban bambanci tsakanin hanyoyin motsa jiki na 24.81 ms don abubuwan motsa jiki na batsa idan aka kwatanta da abubuwan motsa jiki na tsaka-tsaki, kuma bambancin ra'ayinsa yana da alaƙa mai kyau da maki na Matsala na Amfani da Batsa. Waɗannan binciken sun yi daidai da kuma faɗaɗa binciken da aka yi a baya suna ba da rahoton nuna bambanci tsakanin maza waɗanda ke yawan amfani da batsa (Sklenarik et al., 2019; Stark et al., 2017).

Bugu da ƙari, sakamakon nuna son kai ya kasance mai kyau sosai tare da rashin son kai, wanda ke nuna cewa ƙarfin hanyar da ake bi don motsa sha'awa, haka nan ƙarfin rashin son kai da aka lura. ….. Wannan yana nuna cewa ƙarfin nuna son kai ga motsa jiki na batsa, ƙarancin jin daɗin da mutum ya ruwaito yana fuskanta.

51) Abubuwan jima'i suna canza aikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da aiki da kwakwalwa a cikin maza masu tilasta jima'i (2020) - [fadakarwa da rashin aikin gudanarwa] - Excerpts:

A matakin ɗabi'a, marasa lafiya sun sami raguwar saurin kamuwa da abubuwan batsa dangane da yawan shan batsa a makon da ya gabata, wanda hakan ya nuna ƙaruwar kunnawa a cikin gyrus mai magana. Bugu da ƙari, gyrus mai magana ya nuna ƙarin haɗin aiki ga insula yayin sarrafa abubuwan da ke motsa batsa a cikin ƙungiyar marasa lafiya. Sabanin haka, mutane masu lafiya sun nuna saurin amsawa lokacin da aka fuskanci hotunan batsa kawai tare da babban nauyin fahimta. Hakanan, marasa lafiya sun nuna mafi kyawun ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya don hotunan batsa a cikin aikin gane abin mamaki idan aka kwatanta da sarrafawa, yana magana ne game da mafi girman mahimmancin kayan batsa a cikin ƙungiyar marasa lafiya. Waɗannan binciken sun yi daidai da ka'idar ƙarfafawa ta jaraba, musamman haɗin aiki mafi girma ga cibiyar sadarwa mai magana tare da insula a matsayin babban cibiya da kuma mafi girman aikin harshe yayin sarrafa hotunan batsa dangane da amfani da batsa na baya-bayan nan.

.... Ana iya fassara wannan ta hanyar da kayan batsa ke da (watakila saboda tsarin koyo) suna da matuƙar muhimmanci ga marasa lafiya kuma ta haka ne ke kunna yanayin amsawa (insula) da hanyar sadarwa ta hankali (ƙananan parietal), wanda hakan ke haifar da jinkirin lokacin amsawa saboda bayanin da aka bayar bai dace da aikin ba. Dangane da waɗannan binciken, mutum zai iya yanke hukunci cewa, ga waɗanda ke nuna CSB, kayan batsa suna da tasirin da ke jan hankali sosai kuma don haka suna da babban tasiri. Daga baya, bayanan suna tallafawa IST na jaraba a cikin CSB.

52) Darajar sakamako na abubuwan da ke motsa sha'awar jima'i ta gani an tsara ta a cikin yanayin ɗan adam da kuma cortex na orbitofrontal (2020) - [hankali ] - Karin bayani:

Da zarar wani mutum ya nuna hoton VSS a kan sha'awar jima'i ko kuma rashin kuzari, to mafi girman aikin da muka samu a NAcc, caudate nucleus da OFC yayin kallon VSS. Bugu da ƙari, alaƙar da ke tsakanin ƙimar sha'awar jima'i da NAcc da kuma aikin caudate nucleus ya fi ƙarfi lokacin da waɗanda aka ba da rahoton ƙarin alamun amfani da batsa masu matsala (PPU) wanda s-IATsex ya auna.

Waɗannan bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin mutane a cikin lambar zaɓi na iya wakiltar wata hanya da ke shiga tsakani wajen amfani da VSS mai jaraba da wasu mutane suka fuskanta. Ba wai kawai mun sami haɗin ayyukan NAcc da caudate tare da ƙimar sha'awar jima'i ba yayin kallon VSS, amma ƙarfin wannan haɗin ya fi girma lokacin da mai batun ya ba da rahoton amfani da batsa mai matsala (PPU). Sakamakon yana goyan bayan hasashen, cewa martanin ƙimar ƙarfafawa a cikin NAcc da caudate sun bambanta sosai tsakanin abubuwan da aka fi so daban-daban, yayin da mai batun ke fuskantar PPU . Wannan ya faɗaɗa binciken da ya gabata, inda aka haɗa PPU da mafi girman martanin tashin hankali ga VSS idan aka kwatanta da yanayin sarrafawa ko wanda ba a fi so ba [29,38]. Wani bincike, wanda kuma ke amfani da aikin SID, ya gano ƙaruwar ayyukan NAcc da ke da alaƙa da ƙaruwar PPU a lokacin lokacin jira kawai [41]. Sakamakonmu ya nuna cewa ana iya samun irin wannan tasiri, watau canza tsarin ƙarfafawa da ke da alaƙa da PPU, a cikin matakin bayarwa, amma kawai idan an yi la'akari da fifikon mutum ɗaya. Ƙara bambancin siginar ƙimar ƙarfafawa a cikin NAcc na iya nuna ƙaruwar buƙatar neman da gano VSS da aka fi so yayin ci gaban jaraba.

Ganin waɗannan sakamakon ana iya yin kwafinsu, suna iya samun mahimmancin abubuwan asibiti. Diffeara yawan bambance-bambancen alamun siginar girmamawa na iya haɗawa zuwa haɓaka lokacin da aka ɓoye don neman kayan ƙarfafawa, wanda daga baya yakan haifar da batutuwa a cikin rayuwar mutum ko ƙwararru da wahala saboda wannan halayyar.

53) Ilimin Jijiyoyin Jijiyoyi na Sadarwar Lafiya: Nazarin fNIRS na Prefrontal Cortex da Amfani da Batsa a cikin Matasa Mata don Ci gaban Shirye-shiryen Lafiya na Rigakafi (2020) - Karin bayani:

Sakamakon ya nuna cewa kallon bidiyon batsa (idan aka kwatanta da bidiyon sarrafawa) yana haifar da kunna yankin Brodmann na 45 na gefen dama. Haka kuma wani tasiri yana bayyana tsakanin matakin shan da aka bayar da rahoton kansa da kunna BA 45 na dama: mafi girman matakin shan da aka bayar da rahoton kansa, mafi girman kunnawa. A gefe guda kuma, waɗanda suka halarci taron da ba su taɓa shan kayan batsa ba ba sa nuna aikin BA 45 na dama idan aka kwatanta da bidiyon sarrafawa (yana nuna bambanci mai kyau tsakanin waɗanda ba sa amfani da su da masu amfani da su) . Waɗannan sakamakon sun yi daidai da sauran bincike da aka yi a fagen jaraba. Ana hasashen cewa tsarin neuron na madubi na iya shiga, ta hanyar tsarin tausayi, wanda zai iya haifar da sha'awar batsa ta wucin gadi.

54) Abubuwan da suka shafi abubuwan da suka faru a cikin wani aiki mai zaɓi biyu na rashin iya sarrafa halayyar maza tare da sha'awar jarabar cybersex (2020) - Karin bayani:

Rashin ikon hana halayyar ɗabi'a (BIC) sananne ne don taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin halin maye. Koyaya, bincike bai zama mai mahimmanci ba game da ko wannan ma batun jaraba ne na yanar gizo. Wannan binciken yana nufin bincika lokacin BIC a cikin mazaje maza da ke da sha'awar yin amfani da yanar gizo (TCA) ta amfani da abubuwan da suka shafi abubuwan da suka faru (ERPs) da kuma samar da hujjojin neurophysiological na rashin BIC.

Mutane da ke fama da TCA sun fi mahalarta HC saurin fahimta kuma sun raba halayen neuropsychological da ERP na rashin lafiyar amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi ko jarabar ɗabi'a, wanda ke goyan bayan ra'ayin cewa jarabar cybersex za a iya ɗauka a matsayin jarabar ɗabi'a.

A ka'ida, sakamakonmu ya nuna cewa jarabar yanar gizo ta yanar gizo tana kama da matsalar amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi da kuma matsalar sarrafa motsin rai dangane da sha'awar jima'i a matakan lantarki da na hali. Bincikenmu na iya ƙara rura wutar cece-kuce mai ɗorewa game da yiwuwar jarabar yanar gizo ta yanar gizo a matsayin sabon nau'in cutar tabin hankali.

55) Tsarin jiki da kuma Halayyar Jima'i Mai Wuya - Rarraba Tensor Nazarin Hoto - Nazarin B na ruwan sama yana kwatanta tsarin farin abu na masu shan batsa/jima'i (CSBD) da sarrafawa. Bambanci masu mahimmanci tsakanin sarrafawa da batutuwa na CSB. Karin bayani:

Wannan ɗayan ɗayan binciken farko na DTI ne wanda ke tantance bambance-bambance tsakanin marasa lafiya tare da Bearfafa halayen halayen Jima'i da kuma kulawar lafiya. Bincikenmu ya gano ragin FA a yankuna shida na kwakwalwa a cikin batutuwan CSBD, idan aka kwatanta da sarrafawa. An samo yankuna masu rarrabewa a cikin cerebellum (akwai yiwuwar akwai wasu sassan yanki ɗaya a cikin cerebellum), ɓangaren da ya keɓe daga cikin murfin ciki, babban corona radiata da na tsakiya ko na ƙarshen occipital gyrus farin abu.

Bayanan DTI ɗinmu sun nuna cewa alaƙar jijiyoyi na CSBD ta yi karo da yankuna da aka ruwaito a baya a cikin wallafe-wallafen kamar yadda suka shafi duka biyun, jaraba da OCD (duba yankin ja a Hoto na 3 ). Don haka, wannan binciken ya nuna muhimmiyar kamanceceniya a cikin raguwar FA tsakanin CSBD da OCD da jaraba.

56) Jinkirin ƙarfafa jima'i a cikin na'urar daukar hoto: Alamar jima'i da sarrafa lada, da kuma hanyoyin haɗi zuwa matsalar amfani da batsa da kuma motsa jiki na jima'i - Binciken bai yi daidai da tsarin jaraba ba (cue-reactivity).

58) Maganin cortex na orbitofrontal mai rikitarwa ga alamun batsa a cikin Matsalar Halayyar Jima'i Mai Wuya (2021) - [hankali - mafi girman amsawar cue-reactivity a cikin ventral striatum da anterior orbitofrontal cortex a cikin masu shan batsa idan aka kwatanta da sarrafawa masu lafiya] Karin bayani:

Tsarin aiki da aka lura a cikin batutuwa na CSBD wanda ya haɗa da manyan cortices na parietal, gyrus na supramarginal, gyrus na pre da na postcentral, da kuma ganglia na basal na iya nuna ƙaruwa (idan aka kwatanta da kula da lafiya) kulawa, somatosensory, da shirye-shiryen motsa jiki zuwa hanyar lada da cikawa ta batsa ( so) a cikin CSBD wanda alamun hasashen ke haifarwa ( Locke & Braver, 2008 ; Hirose, Nambu, & Naito, 2018 ). Wannan ya yi daidai da ka'idar Incentive Sensitization of addiction ( Robinson & Berridge, 2008 ) da kuma bayanai da ake da su game da amsawar cue-reactivity a cikin halayen jaraba ( Gola & Draps, 2018 ; Gola, Wordecha, et al., 2017 ; Kowalewska et al., 2018 ; Kraus et al., 2016b ; Potenza et al., 2017 ; Stark, Klucken, Potenza, Brand, & Strahler, 2018 ; Voon et al., 2014 )….

Mafi mahimmanci, tare da sakamakon binciken ROI, wannan aikin yana faɗaɗa sakamakon da aka buga a baya ( Gola, Wordecha, et al., 2017 ) ta hanyar nuna cewa karuwar amsawar da ke tsakanin lada ga alamun lada na batsa a cikin CSBD ba wai kawai yana faruwa a cikin yanayin ventral a cikin matakin tsammanin lada ba har ma a cikin cortex na gaba na orbitofrontal (aOFC). Bugu da ƙari, ayyukan da ke cikin wannan yanki kuma da alama sun dogara ne akan yuwuwar lada. Canjin siginar BOLD ya fi girma a cikin mutanen CSBD fiye da a cikin iko mai lafiya, musamman ga ƙananan ƙimar yiwuwa, wanda zai iya nuna cewa ƙananan damar samun ladan batsa ba ya rage yawan motsin ɗabi'a da ke haifar da kasancewar alamun ladan batsa.

Dangane da bayananmu, ana iya cewa aOFC tana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen shiga tsakani kan takamaiman ikon alamun wasu nau'ikan lada don ƙarfafa halayen neman lada a cikin mahalarta CSBD. A zahiri, rawar da OFC ke takawa an danganta ta da samfuran kimiyyar jijiyoyi na halayen jaraba.

59) Shaidar lantarki ta hanyar lantarki ta nuna cewa an ƙara nuna son kai ga hotunan jima'i a cikin mutane masu sha'awar jarabar yanar gizo (2021) [hankali/ amsawa da kuma ɗabi'a/rashin jin daɗi] Bincike ya tantance halayen masu shan batsa (lokutan amsawa) da kuma martanin kwakwalwa (EEG) ga hotunan batsa da na tsaka tsaki. Daidai da Mechelmans et al. (2014) a sama, wannan binciken ya gano cewa masu shan batsa suna da son kai ga abubuwan da ke motsa sha'awa ta jima'i. Abin da ya saba shi ne cewa wannan binciken ya gano shaidar neurophysiological na wannan son kai ga abubuwan da suka shafi jaraba. Karin bayani:

An yi amfani da ka'idar ƙarfafawa don bayyana son zuciya ga alamun da suka shafi jaraba a cikin mutanen da ke da wasu cututtukan jaraba ( Field & Cox, 2008 ; Robinson & Berridge, 1993 ). Wannan ka'idar ta ba da shawarar cewa yawan amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi yana ƙara amsawar dopaminergic, yana mai da shi ya zama mai hankali da kwarin gwiwa. Wannan yana haifar da halayen halayen mutanen da ke shan jaraba ta hanyar sha'awar jin abubuwan da suka faru a martanin alamun da suka shafi jaraba ( Robinson & Berridge, 1993 ). Bayan maimaitawar wani abin ƙarfafawa da aka bayar, alamun da suka shafi sun zama masu haske da jan hankali, don haka suna jan hankali. Sakamakon wannan binciken ya nuna cewa [masu shan batsa] a zahiri sun gabatar da tsangwama mai ƙarfi a cikin yin hukunci akan launuka na hotuna masu bayyana jima'i dangane da waɗanda ba su da tsaka tsaki. Wannan shaidar ta yi kama da sakamakon da aka ruwaito game da abubuwan da suka shafi sinadarai ( Asmaro et al., 2014 ; Della Libera et al., 2019 ) da kuma halayen da ba su da alaƙa da sinadarai, gami da halayen jima'i ( Pekal et al., 2018 ; Sklenarik, Potenza, Gola, Kor, Kraus, & Astur, 2019 ; Wegmann & Brand, 2020 ).

Sakamakonmu na ƙarshe shine cewa mutanen da ke da [jarabar batsa] sun nuna farkon daidaitawar P200 dangane da abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin jituwa ga .... Wannan sakamakon ya yi daidai da na Mechelmans et al. (2014) , waɗanda suka ba da rahoton mahalarta da ke da halayen jima'i na tilas suna nuna fifikon fifiko ga abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin jituwa ga abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin jituwa ga abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin jituwa ga abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin jituwa ga abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin jituwa ga abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin jituwa ga abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin jituwa ga abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin jituwa ga abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin jituwa ga abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin jituwa ga abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin jituwa ga abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin jituwa ga abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin jituwa ga abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin jituwa ga abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin jituwa ga abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin jituwa ga abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin jituwa ga abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin jituwa ga abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin jituwa ga abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin jituwa ga abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin jituwa ga abubuwan da ke Wasu nazarin ERP na jaraba sun bayyana irin waɗannan binciken, wato cewa wariya a cikin alamun da suka shafi jaraba ta fara ne a farkon matakan sarrafa abubuwan ƙarfafawa (misali, Nijs et al., 2010 ; Versace, Minnix, Robinson, Lam, Brown, & Cinciripini, 2011 ; Yang, Zhang, & Zhao, 2015 ).

A lokacin daga baya, ƙarin sarrafawa kuma mafi mahimmanci mataki na kulawa da hankali, wannan binciken ya sami ƙananan LPP amplitude a cikin masu shan batsa (high TCA group). Masu binciken suna ba da shawarar al'ada/rashin hankali azaman bayani mai yiwuwa don wannan binciken. Daga tattaunawa:

Ana iya bayyana wannan ta hanyoyi da dama. Na farko, masu sha'awar yanar gizo na iya fuskantar sabawa da hotuna marasa motsi . Tare da yaduwar abubuwan batsa a Intanet, masu amfani da batsa ta yanar gizo akai-akai suna iya kallon fina-finan batsa da gajerun bidiyo fiye da hotuna marasa motsi. Ganin cewa bidiyon batsa yana haifar da ƙarin sha'awar jiki da ta jiki fiye da hotunan da ke bayyana jima'i, hotuna marasa motsi suna haifar da ƙarancin amsawar jima'i ( Both, Spiering, Everaerd, & Laan, 2004 ). Na biyu, ƙarfin motsa jiki mai ƙarfi na iya haifar da manyan canje-canje a cikin jijiyoyi ( Kühn & Gallinat, 2014 ). Musamman, kallon kayan batsa akai-akai yana rage yawan launin toka a cikin dorsal striatum, yanki da ke da alaƙa da sha'awar jima'i ( Arnow et al., 2002 ).

60) Canje-canje a cikin oxytocin da vasopressin a cikin maza masu amfani da batsa masu matsala: Matsayin tausayi [amsawar damuwa mara aiki] Karin bayani:

Abubuwan da aka gano sun ba da shawarar sauye-sauye da yawa a cikin aikin neuropeptide a cikin PPU kuma suna nuna hanyoyin haɗin gwiwar su don rage jin daɗi da ƙarin alamun alamun tunani. Bugu da ƙari kuma, bincikenmu yana ba da shawarar ƙayyadaddun alaƙa tsakanin alamun cututtukan hauka, AVP, oxytocin, tausayawa da jima'i da batsa da ke da alaƙa da jima'i, da fahimtar waɗannan alaƙar na iya taimakawa jagorar ayyukan asibiti….

Duk da cewa nazarin da aka yi kafin a fara aiki a asibiti akai-akai ya nuna canje-canje a cikin aikin oxytocin da AVP a cikin samfuran jaraba na dabbobi , babu wani bincike da aka yi a baya na ɗan adam da ya gwada haɗin gwiwarsu a cikin mutanen da ke da PPU. Sakamakon yanzu yana nuna canje-canje a cikin oxytocin da AVP a cikin maza masu PPU kamar yadda aka bayyana a matakan farko, tsarin amsawa, daidaiton neuropeptide, da alaƙa da yawan jima'i da ke da alaƙa da batsa.

61) Alamomin jijiyoyi da halaye na hasashen abubuwan da ke motsa sha'awa na jima'i suna nuna hanyoyin da ke kama da jaraba a cikin matsalar halayen jima'i na tilas (2022) [hankali] Wannan binciken fMRI ya gano cewa masu shan batsa/jima'i (marasa lafiyar CSBD) suna da halaye marasa kyau da aikin kwakwalwa yayin da ake tsammanin kallon batsa, musamman a cikin ventral striatum. Bugu da ƙari, binciken ya kuma gano cewa masu shan batsa/jima'i suna "son" batsa fiye da haka, amma ba su "son" shi ba fiye da kula da lafiya. Karin bayani:

Abu mai mahimmanci, waɗannan bambance-bambancen halaye suna nuna cewa hanyoyin da suka shafi tsammanin abubuwan da ke haifar da sha'awa da waɗanda ba sa haifar da sha'awa na iya canzawa a cikin CSBD kuma suna goyon bayan ra'ayin cewa hanyoyin da suka shafi tsammani kamar waɗanda ke cikin matsalolin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi da jaraba na iya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin CSBD, kamar yadda aka ba da shawara a baya ( Chatzittofis et al., 2016 ; Gola et al . , 2018 ; Jokinen et al., 2017 ; Kowalewska et al., 2018 ; Mechelmans et al., 2014 ; Politis et al., 2013 ; Schmidt et al., 2017; Sinke et al., 2020 ; Voon et al., 2014 ). An ƙara goyon bayan wannan da gaskiyar cewa ba mu lura da bambance-bambance a cikin sauran ayyukan fahimta ba wajen auna ɗaukar haɗari da sarrafa motsin rai, muna adawa da ra'ayin cewa hanyoyin da suka shafi tilastawa gabaɗaya suna kan aiki ( Norman et al., 2019 ; Mar, Townes, Pechlivanoglou, Arnold, & Schachar, 2022 ). Abin sha'awa, ma'aunin ɗabi'a ΔRT ya yi daidai da alamun yawan jima'i da tilasta jima'i, yana nuna cewa canje-canjen ɗabi'a da suka shafi tsammani suna ƙaruwa tare da tsananin alamun CSBD….

Abubuwan da muka gano sun nuna cewa CSBD yana da alaƙa da sauye-sauyen halayen halayen tsammanin, wanda ke da alaƙa da ayyukan VS yayin tsammanin abubuwan motsa jiki. Sakamakon binciken ya goyi bayan ra'ayin cewa hanyoyin da suka yi kama da kayan abu da jaraba na ɗabi'a suna taka rawa a cikin CSBD kuma suna ba da shawarar cewa rarrabuwar CSBD a matsayin rikice-rikicen rikice-rikice na iya zama hujja akan tushen binciken neurobiological.

62) Haɗin Aiki a cikin Matsalar Halayyar Jima'i Mai Tilas - Bita na Tsari na Adabi da Nazari kan Maza Masu Jinsi (2022) [hankali]

Mun sami ƙarin fc tsakanin gyrus na gaba na hagu na hagu da dama na ɗan lokaci da polare, dama da hagu insula, dama da ƙarin Motar Cortex (SMA), operculum na parietal na dama, haka kuma tsakanin gyrus supramarginal na hagu da na dama na planum, kuma tsakanin hagu orbitofrontal cortex da bar insula idan aka kwatanta CSBD da HC. An lura da raguwar fc tsakanin gyrus na ɗan lokaci na hagu na hagu da insula biyu da operculum na dama.

Binciken shine babban samfurin samfurin farko na farko wanda ke nuna nau'ikan hanyoyin sadarwa na kwakwalwa na 5 daban-daban waɗanda ke bambanta marasa lafiya na CSBD da HC.

Cibiyoyin sadarwar kwakwalwa da aka gano sun bambanta CSBD daga HC kuma suna ba da wasu goyan baya don ƙarfafawa a matsayin tsarin da ke tattare da alamun CSBD.

63) Bambancin kwakwalwa da ke da alaƙa da matsalar halayen jima'i na tilas (2023)

CSBD yana da alaƙa da bambance-bambancen kwakwalwar tsarin, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga ingantaccen fahimtar CSBD kuma yana ƙarfafa ƙarin fayyace hanyoyin neurobiological da ke ƙarƙashin cutar.

Alamun CSBD sun fi tsanani a cikin daidaikun mutane da ke nuna bambance-bambancen cortical.

Sakamako daga binciken da suka gabata da kuma binciken da aka yi a yanzu sun yi daidai da ra'ayi cewa CSBD yana da alaƙa da sauye-sauyen kwakwalwa a cikin wuraren da ke tattare da haɓakawa, al'ada, sarrafa motsa jiki, da sarrafa lada.

Bincikenmu ya nuna cewa CSBD yana da alaƙa da bambance-bambancen kwakwalwa. Wannan binciken yana ba da haske mai mahimmanci a cikin filin da ba a bayyana ba na mahimmancin asibiti kuma yana ƙarfafa ƙarin bayani game da hanyoyin neurobiological da ke ƙarƙashin CSBD, wanda shine abin da ake bukata don inganta sakamakon jiyya na gaba. Sakamakon binciken na iya ba da gudummawa ga ci gaba da tattaunawa game da ko rarrabawar CSBD na yanzu a matsayin rashin kulawar motsa jiki yana da ma'ana.

64) Sha'awar sha'awa tare da abubuwan da ke haifar da batsa yana haifar da ƙarfi a cikin yankuna masu lada fiye da abubuwan da suka shafi kuɗi da wasanni

"Wadannan sakamakon sun yi daidai da binciken da ya gabata wanda ke nuna cewa batsa yana da babban damar jaraba saboda tasirinsa mai ƙarfi da haɓakawa."

65) Ingantaccen yanayin jiki da kuma katse hanyoyin karewa a cikin maza da ke fama da halayen jima'i na tilas (2025)

results

A cikin yanayin daidaitawa, ƙididdige ƙididdigewa ya karu, kuma lokutan amsawa sun kasance cikin sauri don duka abubuwan batsa da na kuɗi tsakanin mahalarta tare da CSB, tare da canjin aiki a cikin ventral striatum (vStr), dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), da kuma na baya orbitofrontal cortex (aOFC). A cikin ɓarna, ƙimar kima da kai ya kasance mai ɗaukaka a cikin rukunin CSB don alamomin biyu a cikin yanayin da ba na lada ba, tare da canjin ayyukan dACC da vStr.

Tattaunawa da kuma yanke shawara

Waɗannan binciken suna ba da shawarar haɓaka ƙwaƙƙwaran salience salience ga sharuɗɗan sharuɗɗa, yana ba da haske gabaɗayan haɓakawa da canja wurin ƙima daga lada zuwa abubuwan da ke cikin mahalarta tare da CSB. Bugu da ƙari, duk da rashin lada, dagewar sha'awa da ƙwazo ga alamu ya jaddada tsarin bacewa. Waɗannan bayanan suna haɓaka fahimtar abubuwan haɗin gwiwar neurobiological na CSB da alaƙarta da tsarin jaraba.

66) Binciken rawar da amygdala ke takawa a cikin Matsalar Halayyar Jima'i ta hanyar bututun raba bayanai bisa ga Nazarin Yawan Juyawa (2025)

Bincikenmu yana ba da fakitin amygdala na farko a cikin CSBD [Tsarin Halin Hali na Jima'i] marasa lafiya wanda ya bayyana sauye-sauye a cikin girman yanki na [amygdala] idan aka kwatanta da daidaikun mutane masu lafiya da alaƙa da yawa na aikin su tare da tsananin alamun CSBD.

67) Tasirin jarabar batsa ta intanet akan aikin kwakwalwa: wani bincike na spectroscopy mai aiki kusa da infrared (2025)

• Sakamakon jarabar batsa na intanet akan haɗin aikin kwakwalwa a cikin lobe na prefrontal yana nuna halaye kama da na jarabar ƙwayoyi.
• Hanyoyin haɗin kai na aiki a cikin bawo na kwakwalwa tare da jarabar batsa na intanet suna da kama da waɗanda aka gani a cikin schizophrenia.
• Mummunan motsin rai kamar damuwa da damuwa suna da alaƙa ta kud da kud da shan batsa.

68) Tasirin tasirin transcranial kai tsaye na cortex na gaba na dama akan sha'awar da kuma mummunan motsin rai a cikin mutanen da ke cikin haɗarin amfani da batsa masu matsala: Nazarin makafi biyu, mai sarrafa placebo (2025)

Ƙarfafawa kai tsaye na transcranial ya rage ƙimar sha'awa sosai idan aka kwatanta da ƙarfafa sham a cikin masu amfani da batsa masu matsala.

69) Hanyoyin da ake bi wajen ɗaukar hotunan batsa a cikin matsalar halayen jima'i: fahimta daga nazarin sex@brain

Sakamakon sakamako na gaba ɗaya na [lokacin amsawa] yana nuna lokacin amsawa cikin sauri ga maza ba tare da CSBD zuwa ga kayan batsa ba, yayin da sakamakon [lokacin motsi] ya nuna cewa maza masu CSBD suna nuna tsawon lokacin kallo don kayan batsa.

70) Rage jinkirin jima'i a matsayin wata hanya mai yuwuwa a cikin halayen mata na tilasta jima'i: Shaida daga gwajin jinsi daban-daban (2025)

Halayyar jima'i mai ƙarfi da neman jin daɗi sun haɗu da rage jinkirin jima'i da kuma ƙarancin fifiko ga amfani da robar roba ko kuma amfani da dammar haƙori, musamman a cikin mata.

71) Rashin daidaituwar Striato-limbic da frontoparietal wanda ke haifar da rashin daidaituwar lada da kuma ikon fahimta a cikin matsalar halayen jima'i: Nazarin meta-imaging neuroimaging (2026)

Binciken meta ya nuna rashin daidaituwa a cikin hippocampus na hagu, lobule na baya na parietal, gyrus na tsakiya, putamen, da gyrus na kusurwa, da kuma a cikin pallidus na dama na globus da gyrus na supramarginal. Nazarin da aka yi bisa aiki galibi ya shafi lobule na baya na parietal, hippocampus, da pallidus na globus, yayin da nazarin yanayin hutawa ya nuna shigar cerebellar. A cikin samfuran Turai, rashin daidaituwa ya bayyana a cikin globus pallidus, gyrus na tsakiya, da hippocampus, yayin da samfuran Gabashin Asiya suka nuna canje-canje a cikin lobule na baya na parietal da precuneus. Fahimtar aiki ta haɗa waɗannan alamu da jinkirin motsawa, damuwa, hulɗar zamantakewa, da hana amsawa.

Wannan shafin ya ƙunshi jeri biyu ( 1 ) sharhin da aka yi kan ilimin jijiyoyi da kuma bita kan adabi, da kuma ( 2 ) nazarin jijiyoyi da ke tantance tsarin kwakwalwa da aikin masu amfani da batsa ta intanet da masu shan batsa ( Matsalar Halayyar Jima'i Mai Wuya ).

Zuwa yanzu, duka sai biyu daga cikin nazarin jijiyoyi guda 6 (aƙalla) da aka buga suna ba da tallafi ga tsarin jaraba ( babu wani bincike da ke ɓatar da tsarin jarabar batsa ). Sakamakon waɗannan nazarin jijiyoyi sama da 60 (da kuma nazarin da ke tafe ) sun yi daidai da ɗaruruwan jarabar Intanet " nazarin kwakwalwa " , wasu daga cikinsu kuma sun haɗa da amfani da batsa ta intanet. Duk suna goyon bayan ra'ayin cewa amfani da batsa ta intanet na iya haifar da canje-canje a kwakwalwa da suka shafi jaraba, kamar yadda sama da nazarin 60 ke ba da rahoton ƙaruwa/juriya (al'ada) da alamun janyewa.

Wannan binciken na 2024 ya nuna cewa, "Waɗannan sakamakon sun yi daidai da binciken da aka yi a baya wanda ke nuna cewa batsa yana da babban damar jaraba saboda ƙarfinsa na sha'awa da kuma abubuwan sha'awa."

Shafin ya fara da sharhin da aka yi kwanan nan game da wallafe-wallafen da suka shafi ilimin halittar kwakwalwa sama da 35 (wanda aka jera bisa ranar da aka buga):

Bayani na Litattafai da Sharhi:

1) Ilimin Jijiyoyin Jijiyoyin Batsa na Intanet: Bita da Sabuntawa ( Love et al. , 2015) . Cikakken bita kan wallafe-wallafen ilimin jijiyoyi da suka shafi nau'ikan jarabar intanet, tare da mai da hankali na musamman kan jarabar batsa ta intanet. Bitar ta kuma yi suka kan nazarin EEG guda biyu masu jan hankali da ƙungiyoyi ƙarƙashin jagorancin Nicole Prause suka yi (wadda ta yi iƙirarin cewa binciken ya nuna shakku kan jarabar batsa). Karin bayani:

Mutane da yawa sun gane cewa yawancin halayen da ke iya haifar da ladabi a cikin kwakwalwar mutum yana haifar da hasara da kuma sauran bayyanar cututtuka a akalla wasu mutane. Game da jarabawar Intanet, binciken bincike na kimiyya ya goyi bayan zaton cewa matakan da ke cikin kwakwalwa suna kama da maganin abu ne ... A cikin wannan bita, muna bayar da taƙaitaccen ra'ayi wanda aka kawo jita-jitar da ake bayarwa kuma ya ba da cikakken bayani game da ilimin lissafi akan ilimin yanar gizo da kuma labarun yanar gizo. Bugu da ƙari, mun sake nazarin wallafe-wallafe na labaran ilmin lissafin yanar gizo na intanet na Intanet da kuma haɗa sakamakon da aka samo asali. Binciken ya kai ga ƙarshe cewa jarabar batsa ta Intanit ya shiga cikin tsarin jaraba da kuma ba da ma'anar irin abubuwan da suka dace da maganin jaraba.

2) Jarabawar Jima'i a Matsayin Cuta: Shaida don Kimantawa, Ganowa, da Amsa ga Masu Suka ( Phillips et al. , 2015) , wanda ke ba da jadawalin da ke ɗaukar takamaiman suka game da jarabar batsa/jima'i, yana ba da ambato waɗanda ke adawa da su. Karin bayani:

Kamar yadda aka gani a cikin wannan labarin, zargi na gama-gari na jima'i a matsayin jaraba na halal ba ya tsayawa idan aka kwatanta da motsi a cikin al'ummomin asibiti da na kimiyya a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata. Akwai isassun hujjoji na kimiyya da goyan bayan jima'i da kuma6 kamar sauran halayen da za a yarda da su azaman jaraba. Wannan tallafin yana fitowa daga fannonin ayyuka da yawa kuma yana ba da bege mai ban mamaki don rungumar canji da gaske yayin da muka fi fahimtar matsalar. Shekaru da yawa na bincike da ci gaba a fagen maganin jaraba da ilimin jijiya sun bayyana hanyoyin da ke cikin kwakwalwar da ke cikin jaraba. Masana kimiyya sun gano hanyoyin gama gari da halayen jaraba ke shafa da kuma bambance-bambance tsakanin kwakwalwar masu shan taba da wadanda ba su kamu ba, suna bayyana abubuwan gama gari na jaraba, ba tare da la’akari da abu ko hali ba. Koyaya, akwai sauran tazara tsakanin ci gaban kimiyya da fahimtar jama'a, manufofin jama'a, da ci gaban jiyya.

3) Jarabawar Jima'i ta Intanet ( Brand & Laier , 2015) . Karin bayani:

Mutane da yawa suna amfani da aikace-aikace na cybersex, musamman batsa ta Intanit. Wasu mutane suna fama da hasara kan amfani da su na cybersex kuma sun bada rahoto cewa ba za su iya tsara tsarin yin amfani da su na cybersex ba ko da kuwa sun sami sakamako mai kyau. A cikin 'yan kwanan nan, jita-jitar cybersex an dauke shi da wani irin nau'in bidiyon Intanet. Wasu nazarin na yanzu sun binciki daidaituwa tsakanin tsangwama na cybersex da sauran cin zarafin hali, irin su Cikin Gidan Gaming. Cue-reactivity da kuma sha'awar suna dauke su taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin cybersex buri. Har ila yau, ƙwayoyin da ke tattare da ci gaban da cigaba da cin hanci da rashawa na yanar gizo sun hada da rashin lahani a cikin yanke shawara da kuma ayyukan gudanarwa. Nazarin nazarin binciken ne na goyon baya ga zancen al'ada tsakanin magungunan cybersex da sauran cin zarafin hali da mawuyacin hali.

4) Ilimin Jijiyoyin Jiki na Halayyar Jima'i Mai Tilas: Kimiyya Mai Fitowa ( Kraus et al. , 2016) . Karin Bayani:

Ko da yake ba a haɗa su a DSM-5 ba, za a iya gano halayen jima'i (CSB) a cikin ICD-10 a matsayin matsalar rikici. Duk da haka, muhawara yana samuwa game da samfurin CSB. Ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike don fahimtar yadda siffofin neurobiological ke danganta da matakan da suka dace da asibiti kamar sakamakon maganin CSB. Kayyade CSB a matsayin 'jaraba na hali' zai kasance da muhimmiyar tasiri ga tsarin siyasa, rigakafi da kokarin gwagwarmayar ... .. Bisa ga wasu kamance tsakanin CSB da ƙaddarar miyagun ƙwayoyi, ayyukan da suka dace don ƙwarewa na iya zama alkawurra ga CSB, don haka samar da hankali ga hanyoyin binciken bincike a nan gaba don bincike wannan yiwuwar kai tsaye.

5) Shin Ya Kamata A Ɗauki Halayyar Jima'i Mai Tilas A Matsayin Jaraba? ( Kraus et al. , 2016) . Karin Bayani:

Tare da sakin DSM-5, matsalar caca da aka yi amfani da shi tare da maganin rashin amfani. Wannan canji ya ƙalubalanci imani cewa farfadowa ya faru ne kawai ta hanyar haɓaka abubuwa masu rikitarwa kuma yana da muhimmiyar tasiri ga manufofin, rigakafin da maganin. Bayanai sun bada shawara cewa wuce kima a cikin wasu halayen (misali wasan kwaikwayo, jima'i, cin kasuwa) zai iya raba asibiti, kwayoyin halitta, neurobiological da phenomenological daidai da abin da ake yiwa abubuwa.

Wani yankin da ake buƙatar ƙarin bincike ya shafi la'akari da yadda canjin fasahar zai iya rinjayar halin halayyar mutum. Idan aka ba da wannan bayanan yana nuna cewa ana iya yin halayyar halayyar jima'i ta hanyar aikace-aikacen Intanit da kuma wayoyin tafiye-tafiye, karin bincike ya kamata su yi la'akari da yadda fasahohin zamani ke danganta da CSB (misali dandalin dandalin yin amfani da labarun Intanit ko jima'i). a wani lokaci).

Akwai fasali a tsakanin CSB da abubuwan da ke amfani da kayan abu. Kwayoyin baƙi na yau da kullum zasu iya taimakawa wajen magance matsalar CSB da kuma amfani da kayan abu, da kuma binciken da ba a yi ba a kwanan nan ya nuna alamomin da suka danganci sha'awar sha'awa da sha'awa. Irin magungunan magani da magunguna na iya zama daidai ga CSB da ƙwarewar abu.

6) Tushen Ilimin Jijiyoyin Jiki na Jima'i Mai Yawa ( Kuhn & Gallinat , 2016) . Karin Bayani:

Abubuwan ƙyama da ke tattare da halayen mutum da kuma ma'anar liwadi ya kamata mu tunatar da mu cewa halin kirki ne ya dogara da tsarin rayuwar mu. Yin jima'i shine muhimmiyar mahimmanci a rayuwar jinsunan tun lokacin shine hanya don haifuwa. Saboda haka yana da mahimmanci cewa jima'i yana dauke da jin dadi kuma yana da kyawawan dabi'un kima, kuma ko da yake yana iya zama jita-jita wanda za'a iya biyan jima'i a cikin hanyar haɗari da rashin cin hanci, hanyar da za a iya amfani da ita don jaraba zai iya zama muhimmiyar ma'ana a manufa na farko na neman mutane .... A haɗuwa tare, shaidar tana nuna cewa canje-canje a lobe na gaba, amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus, septum, da kuma ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa wadanda ke aiwatar da ladabi suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bayyanar da haɗin kai. Nazarin halittu da nazarin maganin neuropharmacological yana nunawa a yayin da ake aiwatar da kwayoyin halitta.

7) Halayyar Jima'i Mai Tilasta A Matsayin Jaraba ta Ɗabi'a: Tasirin Intanet da Sauran Matsaloli ( Griffiths, 2016) . Karin Bayani:

Na gudanar da bincike mai zurfi kan abubuwa masu yawa (caca, wasan kwaikwayo, yin amfani da intanet, motsa jiki, jima'i, aiki, da dai sauransu) kuma sunyi jayayya cewa wasu nau'ikan hali na jima'i za a iya tsara su a matsayin jima'i, dangane da Ma'anar jaraba da ake amfani dasu ....

Ko dai irin hali mai rikitarwa da aka kwatanta a matsayin halayen jima'i (CSB), jaraba da jima'i da / ko rikici tsakanin maza da mata, akwai dubban masu kwantar da hankali a duniya waɗanda suke magance irin wannan cuta. Dalili kenan, ana bada cikakkun shaida daga magungunan likitoci na asibiti daga masu taimakawa da kuma bi da waɗannan mutane.

Tabbas mafi mahimmancin ci gaba a fagen CSB da jarabar jima'i shine yadda intanet ke canzawa da sauƙaƙe CSB. Ba a ambaci wannan ba har zuwa sakin layi na ƙarshe, duk da haka bincike game da jarabar jima'i ta yanar gizo (yayin da yake ƙunshe da ƙaramin tushe) ya wanzu tun ƙarshen 1990s, gami da ƙididdigar samfurin kusan kusan mutane 10 000. A zahiri, kwanan nan an sake yin sharhi game da bayanan ƙwarewa game da jarabar jima'i da magani. Waɗannan sun bayyana yawancin takamaiman fasalolin intanet waɗanda na iya sauƙaƙe da haɓaka halayen jaraba dangane da halayyar jima'i (samun dama, samun kuɗi, rashin sani, saukakawa, tserewa, hanawa, da sauransu).

8) Neman Haske a cikin Ruwa Mai Laka: Abubuwan da Za a Yi La'akari da Su Nan Gaba Don Rarraba Halayyar Jima'i Mai Tilasta a Matsayin Jaraba ( Kraus et al. , 2016) . Karin Bayani:

A kwanan nan mun ɗauki shaidun da za su nuna bambanci game da jima'i (CSB) a matsayin rashin jituwa. Bincikenmu ya gano cewa CSB ta raba asibiti, neurobiological da phenomenological daidai da maganin da ake amfani dashi ....

Kodayake Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Amurka ta ƙi rashin daidaituwa tsakanin mazauni daga DSM-5, ana iya gane ganewar asirin CSB (kisa) akan ICD-10. Har ila yau, ICD-11 yana nazarin CSB, kodayake yawancinsa ba shi da tabbacin. Dole ne bincike na gaba ya ci gaba da gina ilimi da karfafa tsarin inganta fahimtar CSB da kuma fassara wannan bayani zuwa ingantaccen manufofin, rigakafin, ganewar asali, da kuma magance jiyya don rage girman tasirin CSB.

9) Shin Batsa a Intanet Yana Haifar da Matsalolin Jima'i? Bita Tare da Rahotannin Asibiti ( Park et al ., 2016) . Bita mai zurfi game da wallafe-wallafen da suka shafi matsalolin jima'i da batsa ke haifarwa. Ta hanyar yin bita da likitocin sojojin ruwa na Amurka 7 da Gary Wilson, ya ba da sabbin bayanai da ke nuna ƙaruwar matsalolin jima'i a matasa. Ya kuma yi bita kan nazarin jijiyoyi da suka shafi jarabar batsa da yanayin jima'i ta hanyar batsa ta Intanet. Likitocin sun ba da rahotannin asibiti guda 3 na maza waɗanda suka haɓaka matsalolin jima'i da batsa ke haifarwa. Wani takarda ta biyu ta 2016 ta Gary Wilson ta tattauna mahimmancin nazarin tasirin batsa ta hanyar sa mutane su guji amfani da batsa: Kawar da Batsa a Intanet na Dogon Lokaci da ake Amfani da shi don Bayyana Tasirinsa (2016) . Karin bayani:

Abubuwan al'adu wadanda suka bayyana matsalolin maza sun kasance ba su da cikakken lissafi don yunkurin kaifi a cikin mummunan aiki, jinkirta tashin hankali, rage yawan jima'i, kuma ya rage libido a lokacin jima'i a cikin maza karkashin 40. Wannan bita (1) ya ɗauki bayanai daga yankuna masu yawa, misali, na asibiti, nazarin halittu (jaraba / urology), tunani (yanayin jima'i), zamantakewa; da kuma (2) suna bayar da jerin rahotanni na asibiti, duk tare da manufar gabatar da yiwuwar jagorancin bincike na gaba game da wannan batu. Canje-canje ga tsarin kwaskwarimar kwakwalwa suna bincike ne a matsayin yiwuwar ilimin ilimin halitta wanda ke haifar dysfunctions na jima'i.

Wannan bita ya kuma ba da hujjoji cewa kayan aikin batsa na Intanet na musamman (maras iyaka mara iyaka, yuwuwar sauƙaƙawa zuwa mafi girman kayan, tsarin bidiyo, da dai sauransu) na iya kasancewa mai ƙarfin gaske don daidaita yanayin jima'i zuwa abubuwan batsa na amfani da batsa na Intanet wanda ba sauƙin canzawa zuwa ainihin. Abokan hulɗa na rayuwa, irin wannan jima'i tare da abokan da ake so bazai yi rajista azaman haɗuwa ba da raguwa. Rahotanni na asibiti sun ba da shawarar cewa dakatar da amfani da batsa na Intanet wani lokaci ya isa don jujjuya mummunan tasirin, yana nuna buƙatar yin bincike mai zurfi ta amfani da hanyoyin da ke da alaƙa cire canji na amfani da batsa na Intanet.

3.4. Abubuwan da ke tattare da yanar-gizon Intanit-Dangantakar Matsalolin Jima'i: Muna tsammanin cewa cin zarafi na batsa yana haifar da ƙarancin jiki da haɓakawa a tsarin kwakwalwar kwakwalwa [72, 129] da haɗin gine-gine na kowane, ko duka biyu, an gano su a cikin binciken kwanan nan akan masu amfani da batsa na Intanit [31, 48, 52, 53, 54, 86, 113, 114, 115, 120, 121, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134].

10) Haɗa La'akari da Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam da Jijiyoyi Game da Ci gaba da Kula da Takamaiman Matsalolin Amfani da Intanet: Hulɗar Tsarin Aiwatar da Aiwatar da Mutum ( Brand et al. , 2016) . Bita kan hanyoyin da ke haifar da haɓakawa da kula da takamaiman matsalolin amfani da Intanet, gami da "rashin kallon batsa ta Intanet". Marubutan sun ba da shawarar cewa a rarraba jarabar batsa (da jarabar intanet) a matsayin rikice-rikicen amfani da intanet kuma a sanya su tare da wasu jarabar halaye a ƙarƙashin rikice-rikicen amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi a matsayin halaye masu jaraba. Karin bayani:

Kodayake DSM-5 na mayar da hankali kan labarun Intanit, yawan mawallafa masu mahimmanci sun nuna cewa masu neman magani suna iya yin amfani da wasu aikace-aikacen Intanet ko shafukan yanar gizo.

Daga halin da ake ciki na bincike, muna bayar da shawara cewa za a haɗa da rashin amfani da Intanet a ICD-11 mai zuwa. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa bayan rashin cin labarun Intanet, ana amfani da wasu nau'ikan aikace-aikacen matsala. Wata hanya zai iya haɗawa da gabatarwar wani lokaci na amfani da layin Intanet, wanda za'a iya ƙayyade idan aka la'akari da aikace-aikacen farko da aka yi amfani dashi (misali labarun yanar-gizon, labarun Intanet-caca, labarun amfani da Intanit, Sadarwar yanar-gizon Intanit, da kuma Cibiyar Kasuwancin Intanit).

11) Ilimin Jijiyoyin Jiki na Jarabawar Jima'i: Babi daga Neurobiology of Addictions, Oxford Press ( Hilton et al., 2016) - Karin bayani:

Muyi nazari akan asalin neurobiology don jaraba, ciki har da jaraba ko dabi'a, sa'an nan kuma tattauna yadda wannan ya danganta da fahimtarmu game da jima'i a matsayin wata ladabi wanda zai iya zama "wanda ba a iya sarrafawa ba" a rayuwar mutum ....

Ya bayyana a fili cewa ma'anar yanzu da fahimtar jaraba ya canza bisa ga jiko na ilimin game da yadda kwakwalwar ta koyi da sha'awar. Ganin cewa jarabawar jima'i an riga an bayyana shi ne kawai bisa ka'idoji na hali, an gani yanzu ta hanyar ruwan tabarau na neuromodulation. Wadanda ba za su iya fahimtar waɗannan ra'ayoyin ba zasu iya ci gaba da jingina ga dabi'ar da ba ta da kyau, amma wadanda suka iya fahimtar halin da ke cikin ilimin halitta, wannan sabon tsari ya ba da bayanin haɗin kai da kuma aikin aiki na jima'i wanda ya sanar da shi duka masana kimiyya da kuma likitan.

12) Hanyoyin Ilimin Jijiyoyi Don Jarabawar Batsa ta Intanet ( Stark & ​​Klucken , 2017) - Karin Bayani:

Samun jari-hujja ya karu sosai tare da ci gaba da Intanet. A sakamakon wannan, maza suna neman magani sau da yawa saboda yawan batuttukan batsa suna da iko; watau, ba su da ikon dakatarwa ko rage matsala masu rikitarwa ko da yake sun fuskanci sakamakon mummunar .... A cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata, an gudanar da bincike da yawa tare da likitoci na musamman, musamman ma'anar yanayin haɓakaccen magnetic jiki (fMRI), don nazarin al'amuran da ke kallon hotunan batsa a karkashin yanayin gwaji da kuma hanyoyi masu zurfin amfani da batsa. Idan aka ba da sakamakon da aka rigaya, ana iya amfani da fasahar batsa mai tsanani da aka sani da hanyoyin da ke da nasaba da ci gaban abubuwan da suka shafi addinan.

A ƙarshe, mun taƙaita nazarin, wanda yayi bincike akan yadda ake yin amfani da batsa ta batsa a kan ƙananan hanyoyi. Duk da rashin karatu na lokaci-lokaci, yana da kyau cewa halaye na halaye a cikin maza da jaraba da jima'i shine sakamakon ba abin da ya haifar da amfani da batsa ba. Yawancin nazarin da aka yi nazari sun fi mayar da hankali a kan sakamakon da aka yi game da kayan jima'i a cikin masu amfani da batsa fiye da yadda suka shafi batutuwa, wanda ya kwatanta abubuwan da aka gano game da abubuwan da ake amfani da su. Sakamako game da rage haɗin ƙaddamarwa na gaba-gaba tsakanin batutuwa da batsa na batsa za'a iya fassara su a matsayin alamar rashin kulawa da hankali game da lalata hali.

13) Shin yawan jima'i cuta ce ta jaraba? ( Potenza et al. , 2017) – Karin bayani:

An yi la'akari da mummunar lalacewar halayen jima'i (wanda ake aiki da ita kamar rashin karuwa da haɗin kai) don shiga cikin DSM-5 amma an cire shi ba tare da komai bane, duk da tsarawar ka'idoji da gwajin gwaji. Wannan cirewa ya hana yin rigakafi, binciken, da kuma maganin kulawa, da kuma likitan asibitin ba tare da ganewa na al'ada ba saboda rashin halayyar jima'i.

Bincike a cikin ilimin halittar cututtukan halayyar dan adam wanda ke haifar da rikicewar dabi'a ta jima'i ya haifar da binciken da ya danganci nuna son zuciya, halayen motsa jiki, da kuma sakewar da ke tattare da kwakwalwa wanda ke ba da babban kamanceceniya da jaraba. Ana gabatar da rikice-rikicen halayen jima'i a matsayin rikice-rikicewar rikice-rikice a cikin ICD-11, daidai da ra'ayin da aka ba da shawara cewa sha'awar, ci gaba da haɗuwa duk da mummunan sakamako, takaddama na tilastawa, da raguwar iko suna wakiltar fasali mai mahimmanci na rikice-rikice marasa ƙarfi.

Wannan ra'ayin zai iya dacewa da wasu rikice-rikice na DSM-IV, musamman caca pathological. Koyaya, waɗannan abubuwan an daɗe suna ɗaukar matsayin tsakiya ga jaraba, kuma a cikin canji daga DSM-IV zuwa DSM-5, an sake tsara nau'in cutar rashin ƙarfi ta Hanyar Classabi'a, tare da sake fasalin caca na cuta kuma an sake buga shi azaman cuta mai cutarwa. A halin yanzu, shafin yanar gizon beta na ICD-11 ya ba da jerin abubuwan da ke haifar da rikice-rikice, kuma ya haɗa da rikicewar halayen jima'i, ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta, kleptomania, da rikicewar fashewa na rikice-rikice.

Harkokin halayen jima'i mai tsanani ya zama daidai da rashin lafiyar jiki wanda aka ba da shi ga ICD-11, daidai da lokacin da ya fi dacewa da cin zarafin jima'i a halin yanzu da aka ba da shawara don ciwon halayyar jima'i a kan shafin yanar gizon ICD-11. Mun yi imanin cewa rarrabawar rikitarwa na halayen jima'i a matsayin abin ba da jima'i ya kasance daidai da bayanan da suka gabata kuma zai iya amfanar likitoci, masu bincike, da kuma mutanen da ke shan wahala da cutar ta wannan cuta.

14) Ilimin Jijiyoyin Jijiyoyin Batsa na Jarabawa - Bita na asibiti ( De Sousa & Lodha , 2017) - Karin bayani:

Binciken na farko ya dubi asalin kwayar jita-jita tare da mahimmancin lada da kuma tsarin da ya shafi kowa a kowane jaraba. An mayar da hankali sannan kuma canzawa ga cin zarafin batsa da kuma binciken da aka gudanar a kan kwayoyin halitta na yanayin an sake nazari. Rashin aikin dopamine a cikin batsa ta batsa an sake nazari tare da rawar wasu kwakwalwa kamar yadda aka gani akan binciken MRI. Anyi amfani da ilimin fMRI da ke amfani da jima'i na jima'i don yin nazarin binciken da ke tattare da batsa da kuma amfani da binciken daga waɗannan binciken. An kuma jaddada tasirin batsa na batsa a kan ayyukan halayen haɗin kai da kuma aikin zartarwa.

A cikin duka, an gano abubuwa na 59 wanda ya hada da dubawa, karamin dubawa da takardun bincike na ainihi kan batutuwan batsa da amfani, jaraba da kuma neurobiology. Takardun binciken da aka bincika a nan sun kasance a kan wadanda suka kaddamar da wani tushen kwayar cutar ta batsa. Mun haɗa da binciken da ke da samfurin samfurin kirki da kuma hanya mai kyau tare da nazarin lissafi masu dacewa. Akwai wasu nazari tare da ƙananan masu halartar taron, sharuɗɗa, sharuɗɗa da ƙwararrakin binciken da aka bincika don wannan takarda. Dukansu mawallafa sun sake nazarin takardu da kuma wadanda aka fi dacewa sun zaba domin wannan bita. An kara ƙarin wannan tare da kwarewa na sirri na duka marubucin da suke aiki a kai a kai tare da marasa lafiya inda buri da kallon batsa alama ce mai ban tsoro. Har ila yau mawallafa suna da kwarewar tunanin mutum da waɗannan marasa lafiya waɗanda suka kara darajar fahimtar neurobiological.

15) Shaidar Pudding tana cikin ɗanɗano: Ana Bukatar Bayanai Don Gwada Samfura da Hasashe Masu Alaƙa da Halayen Jima'i na Tilas ( Gola & Potenza , 2018) - Karin Bayani:

Kamar yadda aka bayyana a wani wuri (Kraus, Voon, & Potenza, 2016a ), akwai ƙaruwar wallafe-wallafen da ke kan CSB, waɗanda suka kai sama da 11,400 a cikin 2015. Duk da haka, tambayoyi masu mahimmanci kan fahimtar CSB har yanzu ba a amsa su ba (Potenza, Gola, Voon, Kor, & Kraus, 2017 ). Zai zama da mahimmanci a yi la'akari da yadda DSM da Rarraba Cututtuka na Duniya (ICD) ke aiki dangane da ma'ana da tsarin rarrabuwa. Yin hakan, muna ganin ya dace a mai da hankali kan matsalar caca (wanda kuma aka sani da caca ta pathological) da kuma yadda aka yi la'akari da ita a cikin DSM-IV da DSM-5 (da kuma a cikin ICD-10 da ICD-11 mai zuwa). A cikin DSM-IV, an rarraba caca ta pathological a matsayin "Matsalar Sarrafa Motsa Jiki Ba a Rarraba ta a Wani Wuri Ba." A cikin DSM-5, an sake rarraba ta a matsayin "Matsalar da ke da Alaƙa da Abubuwan da ke Shafar Abubuwa da Addictive."…. Ya kamata a yi amfani da irin wannan hanyar ga CSB, wanda a halin yanzu ake la'akari da shi don haɗawa a matsayin matsalar sarrafa motsin rai a cikin ICD-11 (Grant et al., 2014 ; Kraus et al., 2018 )….

Daga cikin fannoni da za su iya nuna kamanceceniya tsakanin CSB da cututtukan jaraba akwai nazarin hotunan jijiyoyi, tare da wasu bincike da Walton et al. suka yi watsi da su kwanan nan ( 2017 ). Nazarin farko sau da yawa yana bincika CSB dangane da samfuran jaraba (an sake duba su a cikin Gola, Wordecha, Marchewka, & Sescousse, 2016b ; Kraus, Voon, & Potenza, 2016b ). Wani shahararren samfurin - ka'idar ƙarfafawa (Robinson & Berridge, 1993 ) - ya bayyana cewa a cikin mutanen da ke da jaraba, alamun da ke da alaƙa da abubuwan cin zarafi na iya samun ƙimar ƙarfafawa mai ƙarfi da kuma haifar da sha'awa. Irin waɗannan halayen na iya danganta da kunna yankunan kwakwalwa da ke da alaƙa da sarrafa lada, gami da ventral striatum. Ana iya gyara ayyukan tantance amsawar alama da sarrafa lada don bincika takamaiman alamun (misali, kuɗi da batsa) ga takamaiman ƙungiyoyi (Sescousse, Barbalat, Domenech, & Dreher, 2013 ), kuma kwanan nan mun yi amfani da wannan aikin don nazarin samfurin asibiti (Gola et al., 2017 ).

Mun gano cewa mutane da ke neman magani don amfani da batsa na matsala da kuma al'aura, idan aka kamanta su (da shekaru, jinsi, samun kudin shiga, da ibada, adadin saduwar jima'i tare da abokan hulɗa, lalata jima'i) batutuwa masu iko, sun nuna karuwar ƙarfin tashin hankali don al'amuran batsa na batsa lada, amma ba don ladan da aka danganta ba kuma ba don lambobin kuɗi da lada ba. Wannan yanayin aikin kunnawar kwakwalwa yana da nasaba da ka'idodin motsa jiki wanda ke ba da hankali kuma yana ba da shawarar cewa muhimmin fasali na CSB na iya haɗawa da ma'anar sake kunnawa ko sha'awar ta hanyar nuna tsaka tsaki na haɗin kai da ke tattare da yin jima'i da motsawar jima'i.

Ƙarin bayanai sun nuna cewa wasu da'irorin kwakwalwa da hanyoyin aiki na iya shiga cikin CSB, kuma waɗannan na iya haɗawa da cingulate na gaba, hippocampus da amygdala (Banca et al., 2016 ; Klucken, Wehrum-Osinsky, Schweckendiek, Kruse, & Stark, 2016 ; Voon et al., 2014 ). Daga cikin waɗannan, mun yi hasashen cewa tsawaita da'irar amygdala wacce ke da alaƙa da babban amsawa ga barazana da damuwa na iya zama da mahimmanci musamman a asibiti (Gola, Miyakoshi, & Sescousse, 2015 ; Gola & Potenza, 2016 ) bisa ga lura cewa wasu mutanen CSB suna da babban matakin damuwa (Gola et al., 2017 ) kuma alamun CSB na iya raguwa tare da rage damuwa a cikin magunguna (Gola & Potenza, 2016 )…

16) Inganta ilimi, rarrabuwa, magani, da tsare-tsaren manufofi Sharhi kan: Matsalar halayen jima'i na tilas a cikin ICD-11 ( Kraus et al ., 2018) - Littafin binciken likitanci da aka fi amfani da shi a duniya, Rarraba Cututtuka na Duniya (ICD-11), ya ƙunshi sabon ganewar asali wanda ya dace da jarabar batsa: "Matsalar Halayyar Jima'i ta Tilas ." Karin bayani:

Ga mutane da yawa waɗanda ke fuskantar yanayi na wahala ko gazawa wajen sarrafa sha'awar jima'i mai tsanani ko sha'awar jima'i da ke haifar da halayen jima'i da ke da alaƙa da damuwa ko rauni a cikin mutum, iyali, zamantakewa, ilimi, aiki, ko wasu muhimman fannoni na aiki, yana da matukar muhimmanci a iya bayyana matsalarsu da kuma gano matsalarsu. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci masu ba da kulawa (misali, likitoci da masu ba da shawara) waɗanda mutane za su iya neman taimako daga gare su su saba da CSBs. A lokacin bincikenmu da ya shafi mutane sama da 3,000 da ke neman magani ga CSB, mun sha jin cewa mutanen da ke fama da CSB suna fuskantar matsaloli da yawa yayin neman taimako ko kuma tuntuɓar likitoci ( Dhuffar & Griffiths, 2016 ).

Marasa lafiya sun ba da rahoton cewa likitocin asibiti na iya guje wa batun, bayyana cewa irin waɗannan matsalolin ba su wanzu, ko bayar da shawarar mutum yana da babbar hanyar jima'i, kuma ya kamata ya yarda da shi maimakon yin magani (duk da cewa ga waɗannan mutane, CSBs na iya jin girman-dystonic da jagoranci ga sakamakon mummunan sakamako da yawa). Mun yi imanin cewa ingantattun ƙa'idodi masu dacewa don rikicewar CSB zai haɓaka ƙoƙarin ilimi ciki har da haɓaka shirye-shiryen horo kan yadda za a tantance da kuma bi da mutane da alamun cutar CSB. Muna fatan cewa irin waɗannan shirye-shirye za su zama wani ɓangare na horo na asibiti ga masu ilimin halayyar mutum, masu tabin hankali, da sauran masu ba da sabis na kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa, da sauran masu ba da kulawa ciki har da masu bada kulawa ta farko, kamar su likitocin general.

Ya kamata a magance tambayoyi na asali kan yadda za a iya fahimtar matsalar CSB da kuma samar da magunguna masu inganci. Shawarar da ake bayarwa a yanzu ta rarraba matsalar CSB a matsayin matsalar da ke shafar motsin rai tana da ce-ce-ku-ce yayin da aka gabatar da wasu samfura daban-daban ( Kor, Fogel, Reid, & Potenza, 2013 ). Akwai bayanai da ke nuna cewa CSB tana da siffofi da yawa tare da jaraba ( Kraus et al., 2016 ), gami da bayanan da suka gabata da ke nuna karuwar amsawar sassan kwakwalwa masu alaƙa da lada bisa ga alamun da ke da alaƙa da abubuwan da ke haifar da sha'awa ( Brand, Snagowski, Laier, & Maderwald, 2016 ; Gola, Wordecha, Marchewka, & Sescousse, 2016 ; Gola et al., 2017 ; Klucken, Wehrum-Osinsky, Schweckendiek, Kruse, & Stark, 2016 ; Voon et al., 2014 ).

Bugu da ƙari, bayanai na farko sun nuna cewa naltrexone, magani mai alamun cututtukan shan barasa da opioid, na iya taimakawa wajen magance CSBs ( Kraus, Meshberg-Cohen, Martino, Quinones, & Potenza, 2015 ; Raymond, Grant, & Coleman, 2010 ). Dangane da rarrabuwar da aka gabatar game da cutar CSB a matsayin cuta mai sarrafa motsin rai, akwai bayanai da ke nuna cewa mutanen da ke neman magani don nau'i ɗaya na cutar CSB, amfani da batsa mai matsala, ba su bambanta dangane da rashin motsin rai daga jama'a ba. Madadin haka, ana gabatar da su da ƙarin damuwa ( Gola, Miyakoshi, & Sescousse, 2015 ; Gola et al., 2017 ), kuma maganin magunguna wanda ke niyya ga alamun damuwa na iya taimakawa wajen rage wasu alamun CSB ( Gola & Potenza, 2016 ). Duk da cewa ba zai yiwu a yanke hukunci mai ma'ana game da rarrabuwa ba, ƙarin bayanai suna nuna goyon bayan rarrabuwa a matsayin cuta mai jaraba idan aka kwatanta da matsalar sarrafa motsin rai ( Kraus et al., 2016 ), kuma ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike don bincika alaƙar da ke tsakanin wasu cututtukan tabin hankali ( Potenza et al., 2017 ).

17) Halayyar Jima'i Mai Tilas a cikin Mutane da Tsarin Kafin Asibiti (2018) - Karin Bayani:

Harkokin jima'i mai haɗari (CSB) ana kiransa a matsayin "cin zarafin hali," kuma yana da mummunan barazana ga rayuwa mai kyau da lafiyar jiki da tunani. Duk da haka, CSB ya jinkirta a gane shi a asibiti a matsayin rashin lafiya. CSB yana fama da cututtuka da cututtuka da magungunan abu, kuma binciken binciken na baya-bayan nan sun nuna rabawa ko ɓarna ƙwayoyin cuta, musamman ma a cikin kwakwalwar kwakwalwa dake kula da jin daɗin motsa jiki da kuma kulawa marar kyau. An duba nazarin neuroimaging Clinical wanda ya gano cewa tsarin gyare-gyaren tsari da / ko aiki a cikin kodayake na farko, amygdala, striatum, da thalamus a cikin mutane masu wahala daga CSB. Misali na musamman don nazarin rubutun ƙananan hanyoyi na CSB a cikin ratsan namiji an tattauna ne wanda ya haɗa da wani tsari na ƙalubalantar yanayi don bincika neman halayen jima'i ba tare da sakamakon da aka sani ba.

Saboda kamfanoni na CSB da wasu cututtuka masu magungunan, wato, maganin ƙwayoyi, kwatancen binciken da ke cikin CSB, da batutuwa masu maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi, na iya zama da muhimmanci a gano magungunan ƙwayoyin maganganu na yau da kullum don magance wannan cuta. Lalle ne, yawancin binciken sun nuna irin alamomin aikin neural da haɗin kai a cikin hanyoyin da ake amfani da su a cikin kwayoyin da ke cikin CSB da 87-89.

A ƙarshe, wannan bita ya taƙaita nazarin halayyar da ke tattare da samfurori da kuma maganin da ke tattare da mutum akan CSB da kuma haɓaka tare da wasu cututtuka, ciki har da cin zarafi. Haɗuwa, waɗannan binciken sun nuna cewa CSB yana hade da gyaran gyare-gyare a cikin dorsal cingulate da kuma kullin farko, amygdala, striatum, da thalamus, ban da rage haɗin kai tsakanin amygdala da cortex na farko. Bugu da ƙari, an kwatanta tsarin samfurin CSB a cikin ratsan namiji, ciki har da sabon shaida na gyare-gyare na gida a cikin mPFC da OFC wadanda aka haɗu tare da hasara na kulawa da halayyar jima'i. Wannan tsari na ƙayyadaddun yana bada dama na musamman don gwada jimlalin mahimmanci don gane ƙaddarar da kuma tushen asali na CSB da ƙaddara tare da wasu cututtuka.

18) Matsalolin Jima'i a Zamanin Intanet (2018) - Karin Bayani:

Desirearancin sha'awar jima'i, rage gamsuwa a ma'amala, da lalata lalata (ED) suna karuwa sosai a yawan matasa. A cikin binciken Italiyanci daga 2013, har zuwa 25% na batutuwan da ke fama da ED sun kasance ƙarƙashin shekaru 40 [1], kuma a cikin irin wannan binciken da aka buga a cikin 2014, fiye da rabin 'yan Kanada maza masu jima'i tsakanin shekaru 16 zuwa 21 ya sha wahala daga wasu nau'in cuta ta jima'i [2]. A lokaci guda, yawaitar rayuwar rashin lafiya da ke da alaƙa da Organic bai canza sosai ba ko ya ragu a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, yana ba da shawara cewa psychogenic ED yana kan haɓaka [3].

DSM-IV-TR ya bayyana wasu halaye tare da halayen hedonic, kamar caca, cin kasuwa, halayen jima'i, amfani da Intanet, da kuma amfani da wasan bidiyo, kamar "lalacewar rikicewar rikicewar ba'a rarraba wasu wurare ba" - kodayake waɗannan lokuta ana kwatanta su azaman jaraba [4] ]. Binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya ba da shawarar rawar da halayyar ɗabi'a ke lalata ta hanyar jima'i: sauye-sauye a cikin hanyoyin hanyoyin ƙwaƙwalwa da ke da alaƙa da amsawar jima'i na iya zama sakamakon maimaitawa, ƙarfin motsawar asali daban-daban.

Daga cikin tsangwama na hali, yin amfani da yanar-gizon damuwa da amfani da hotuna ta labaran sau da yawa ana nuna su a matsayin yiwuwar haɗari ga rashin cin zarafin jima'i, sau da yawa ba tare da iyakance ba tsakanin lambobin biyu. Masu amfani da layi suna janyo hankali ga batsa na Intanit saboda rashin sanin sa, rashin iyawa, da samuwa, kuma a lokuta da yawa ana amfani da ita ta hanyar amfani da cybersex: a cikin waɗannan lokuta, masu amfani zasu iya manta da matsayin "juyin halitta" na jima'i, ganowa more tashin hankali a cikin zaɓaɓɓun abubuwan da aka zaɓa a cikin jima'i ba tare da jima'i ba.

A cikin wallafe-wallafen, masu bincike suna da rikicewa game da aikin da ya dace da kuma batsa na batsa ta yanar gizo. Daga mummunan ra'ayi, yana wakiltar babban mawuyacin hali na masturbatory, cin zarafin cybersex, har ma da rashin ciwo.

19) Hanyoyin fahimtar jijiyoyi a cikin matsalar halayen jima'i na tilas (2018) - Karin bayani:

A yau, yawancin binciken da ke tattare da halayen jima'i ya ba da hujjoji game da abubuwan da ke haifar da halayen jima'i da bautar jima'i. Harkokin jima'i mai haɗari yana haɗawa da gyaran aiki a cikin sassan kwakwalwa da kuma cibiyoyin sadarwa da aka sanya a cikin ƙwarewa, haɓakawa, dyscontrol, da ladabi a cikin dabi'u kamar abu, caca, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na wasanni. Yankuna masu kwakwalwa da suka danganci abubuwan CSB sun haɗa da halayen gaba da na jiki, amygdala, da striatum, ciki har da accumbens.

An haɗa CSBD a cikin sigar ICD-11 ta yanzu a matsayin cuta mai sarrafa motsin rai [39]. Kamar yadda WHO ta bayyana, 'Rashin ikon motsa jiki ana siffanta shi da gazawar da ake yi akai-akai na tsayayya da sha'awa, himma, ko sha'awar yin wani aiki da ke ba mutum lada, aƙalla a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, duk da sakamako kamar cutarwa na dogon lokaci ga mutum ko ga wasu, alamar damuwa game da yanayin ɗabi'a, ko babban rauni a cikin mutum, iyali, zamantakewa, ilimi, aiki, ko wasu muhimman fannoni na aiki' [39]. Abubuwan da aka gano a yanzu suna tayar da tambayoyi masu mahimmanci game da rarrabuwar CSBD. Yawancin cututtuka da ke da alaƙa da rashin ikon motsa jiki an rarraba su a wasu wurare a cikin ICD-11 (misali, caca, wasanni, da cututtukan amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi an rarraba su azaman cututtukan jaraba) [123].

20) Fahimtar Yanzu Game da Jijiyoyin Halayyar Halayyar Jima'i Mai Tilasta da Amfani da Batsa Mai Matsala (2018) - Karin Bayani:

Binciken neurobiological kwanan nan sun bayyana cewa halayen halayen jima'i suna hade da canza tsarin aiki na jima'i da bambance-bambance a cikin tsarin kwakwalwa da aiki.

Abubuwan binciken da aka taƙaita a cikin bincikenmu suna nuna dacewa da dacewa tare da addinan hali da kuma abubuwan da suka shafi abubuwa, wanda ke tattare da abubuwa masu yawa da aka samo don CSBD (kamar yadda aka duba a [127]). Kodayake ko da yake wannan rahoto ya kasance, haɓaka abubuwa da halayyar hali suna haɓaka da haɓakawar karɓuwa da aka ƙayyade ta hanyar nazarin ra'ayi, halayya, da kuma neurobiological (dubawa da sake dubawa: [128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133]; barasa: [134, 135]; cocaine: [136, 137]; taba: [138, 139]; caca: [140, 141]; wasan kwaikwayo: [142, 143]). Sakamako game da haɗin kai-jihar aiki na nuna alamani tsakanin CSBD da sauran addinan [144, 145].

Kodayake an gudanar da bincike game da CSBD kaɗan game da maganin neurobiology, data kasance data bayar da shawara akan abubuwan da ke tattare da maganganun neurobiology tare da wasu kayan tarawa irin su amfani da kayan abu da caca. Saboda haka, bayanan da aka samo asali ya nuna cewa rarrabuwa zai iya zama mafi dacewa a matsayin jaraba na hali ba bisa yanayin rikici ba.

21) Maganin Hana Haihuwa a Halayen Jima'i na Tilas (2018) - Karin bayani:

Halayen Jima'i na Tilas (CSB) dalili ne na neman magani. Ganin wannan gaskiyar, adadin nazarin da aka yi kan CSB ya ƙaru sosai a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata kuma Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta haɗa da CSB a cikin shawararta ta ICD-11 mai zuwa…… Daga ra'ayinmu, ya kamata a bincika ko za a iya bambance CSB zuwa nau'ikan biyu waɗanda suka haɗa da: (1) halayen jima'i na mutane masu rinjaye, da kuma (2) halayen jima'i na kaɗaici da kallon batsa ( 48 , 49 ).

Adadin nazarin da ake da shi akan CSB (da kuma ƙananan asibitoci na masu amfani da batsa akai-akai) yana ƙaruwa koyaushe. Daga cikin nazarin da ake da su a halin yanzu, mun sami damar samun wallafe-wallafe tara (Tebur 1) waɗanda suka yi amfani da hoton maganadisu mai aiki. Huɗu ne kawai daga cikin waɗannan (36-39 ) sun binciki kai tsaye kan sarrafa alamun batsa da/ko lada da kuma sakamakon da aka ruwaito da suka shafi kunna ventral striatum. Nazari uku sun nuna ƙaruwar amsawar ventral striatum don abubuwan da ke haifar da batsa ( 36-39 ) ko alamun da ke hasashen irin waɗannan abubuwan da ke haifar da hakan ( 36-39 ) . Waɗannan binciken sun yi daidai da Ka'idar Incentive Salience Theory (IST) ( 28 ), ɗaya daga cikin fitattun tsare-tsare da ke bayyana aikin kwakwalwa a cikin jaraba. Tallafi ɗaya tilo ga wani tsarin ka'ida wanda ke annabta hypoactivation na ventral striatum a cikin jaraba, ka'idar RDS ( 29 , 30 ) , ya fito ne daga wani bincike ( 37 ), inda mutane tare da CSB suka gabatar da ƙarancin kunnawar ventral striatum don abubuwan da ke haifar da ban sha'awa idan aka kwatanta da sarrafawa.

22) Sha'awar Batsa ta Yanar Gizo: Abin da Muka Sani da Abin da Ba Mu Sani Ba—Bita Mai Tsari (2019) – Karin Bayani:

A cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, an sami yaduwar labaran da suka danganci jaraba na halayyar; wasu daga cikinsu suna da hankali kan jarabar batsa ta hanyar intanet. Koyaya, duk da duk ƙoƙarin, har yanzu ba mu iya yin bayanin martaba ba yayin da muke shiga cikin wannan ɗabi'a ta zama abin bincike. Matsaloli na yau da kullun sun haɗa da: samfurin ƙabilanci, bincika kayan aikin bincike, tsayayya da kusanci ga batun, da gaskiyar cewa wannan mahaɗin na iya kasancewa cikin babban ilimin halittar mutum (watau jarabar jima'i) wanda zai iya gabatar da kansa tare da alamomin rarrabuwar kawuna. Addarfafa abubuwan kara kuzari na samar da filin binciken da ba a bayyana ba, kuma yawanci suna nuna ƙirar amfani mai matsala: asarar iko, rashin ƙarfi, da amfani mai haɗari.

Rashin hankalin rashin daidaituwa ya dace da wannan ƙirar kuma ana iya haɗa shi da halayen jima'i da yawa, kamar amfani da matsala ta batsa ta yanar gizo (POPU). Amfani da batsa na kan layi yana kan karuwa, tare da yiwuwar jaraba idan aka yi la’akari da tasirin “sau uku A” (wadatarwa, wadatarwa, rashin saka ido). Wannan amfani mai matsala na iya yin illa ga ci gaban jima'i da aikin jima'i, musamman tsakanin samari.

Kamar yadda muka sani, da dama daga cikin binciken na baya-bayan nan suna tallafawa wannan mahadar a matsayin wani jaraba tare da muhimmancin bayyanuwar asibitoci irin su cin zarafin jima'i da kuma rashin jin daɗin mutum. Yawancin ayyukan da ake gudanarwa ya samo asali ne a kan bincike irin wannan da aka yi a kan abin da ke kan kayan abu, bisa la'akari da hotunan batsa ta yanar gizo a matsayin abin da ke da mahimmanci na '' supranormal 'a matsayin ainihin abin da, ta hanyar ci gaba da amfani, zai iya haifar da rikici. Duk da haka, batutuwa irin su haƙuri da abstinence ba a bayyana su a fili ba don su cancanci lakabi na jaraba, kuma haka ne babban ɓangare na bincike na gaba. A wannan lokacin, an gano wani abu na bincike da ke dauke da tsarin halayyar jima'i a cikin ICD-11 saboda yanayin da yake ciki a yanzu, kuma zai kasance da amfani don magance marasa lafiya da wadannan alamun da ke neman taimakon likitoci.

23) Faruwa da ci gaban jarabar batsa ta yanar gizo: abubuwan da ke haifar da saurin kamuwa da mutum, hanyoyin ƙarfafawa da hanyoyin jijiyoyi (2019) - Karin bayani:

Ationaddamarwa da haɓakar jarabawar cybersex suna da matakai biyu tare da yanayin gargajiya da yanayin motsa jiki. Da fari dai, mutane kanyi amfani da yanar gizo lokaci-lokaci don nishaɗantarwa da son sani. A wannan matakin, amfani da na'urorin intanet an haɗa shi da azama ta jima'i kuma Sakamakon yanayin yanayin, yana ƙara haifar da hankali ga al'amuran da suka shafi yanar gizo wanda ke haifar da matsananciyar sha'awar. Kowace yanayin cutarwar mutum yana sauƙaƙe fahimtar abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da hanyar yanar gizo. A mataki na biyu, mutane kanyi amfani da yanar gizo akai-akai don gamsar da sha'awoyinsu na jima'i ko Yayin wannan tsari, ma'anar fahimta ta hanyar yanar gizo mai zurfi kamar kyakkyawan fata na yanar gizo da hanyar magance matsalar kamar amfani dashi don magance motsin zuciyar mara kyau ana karfafa su sosai, waɗancan halayen na mutum yana da alaƙa. tare da jarabar cybersex kamar narcissism, neman sha'awar jima'i, excitability na jima'i, amfani da dysfunction amfani da jima'i kuma ana ƙarfafa su sosai, yayin da rikice-rikicen ɗabi'a na yau da kullun kamar juyayi, ƙanƙantar da kai da psychopathologies kamar rashin damuwa, damuwa yana ƙarfafa ƙarfafawa.

Kasawar aikin zartarwa yana faruwa ne saboda amfanin cybersex na dogon lokaci. Haɗin kai na kasawar aikin zartarwa da kuma matsananciyar sha'awar inganta haɓaka da kuma kula da jarabawar jarabar yanar gizo. Binciken da aka yi amfani da kayan aikin kwakwalwa da kayan aikin kwakwalwar kwakwalwa musamman don nazarin jarabar intanetex sun gano cewa masu amfani da yanar gizo na iya bunkasa kwazo da kwazo don amfani da yanar gizo yayin fuskantar alamomin da suka danganci yanar gizo, amma suna jin karanci da karancin farin ciki yayin amfani da shi. Nazarin suna ba da hujjoji don tsananin sha'awar abubuwa da ke tattare da abubuwan da suka shafi yanar gizo da kuma aiki mai raunin aiki.

A ƙarshe, mutanen da ke da saukin kamuwa da lalatawar yanar gizo ba za su iya dakatar da amfani da yanar gizo ba saboda tsananin sha'awar cybersex da rashin aikin zartarwa, amma suna jin ƙarancin gamsuwa yayin amfani da shi, kuma suna neman karin kayan batsa na asali akan layi akan tsadar lokaci da kuɗi. Da zarar sun rage amfani da yanar gizo ko kuma kawai sun bar shi, zasu sha wahala daga jerin abubuwan illa kamar ɓacin rai, damuwa, raunin kafa, rashin sha'awar jima'i.

24) Ka'idoji, rigakafi, da kuma maganin matsalar amfani da batsa (2019) - Karin bayani:

Rikicin halayen jima'i na rikice-rikice, ciki har da amfani da batsa na matsala, an saka shi a cikin ICD-11 a matsayin rikice-rikice na rikicewar rikicewa. Sharuɗɗan ganewar asali na wannan cuta, duk da haka, sun yi kama da sharuɗan cuta saboda halayen jaraba, alal misali maimaita ayyukan jima'i ya zama tushen rayuwar mutum, ƙoƙarin da bai yi nasara ba don rage halayyar jima'i da maimaitawa halayen jima'i duk da fuskantar mummunan sakamako (WHO, 2019). Yawancin masu bincike da likitocin sun kuma bayar da hujjar cewa amfani da batsa na matsala matsala ana iya ɗauka azaman jaraba.

Caccankewa da sha'awar haɗewa tare da rage ƙarancin sarrafa inhibitory, bayyananniyar fahimta (misali hankulan kusanci) da fuskantar gamsuwa da biyan kuɗi da aka danganta da amfani da batsa a cikin mutane da alamun alamun rashin amfani da batsa. Nazarin na neuroscientific ya tabbatar da shigarwar da'irorin da ke da nasaba da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta, ciki har da ventral striatum da wasu sassa na madaukai na gaban-goge, a cikin haɓaka da kiyaye amfanin amfani da batsa na matsala. Rahotanni na shari'ar da kuma nazarin-hujjoji na ƙididdigar ra'ayi suna ba da shawarar inganci na tasirin magunguna, alal misali opioid antagonist naltrexone, don kula da mutane tare da rikice-rikicen batsa-da lalata tashin hankali na jima'i.

Abubuwan tunani da ka'idoji masu ban sha'awa suna ba da shawara cewa hanyoyin tunani da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa da ke tattare da rikice-rikice suna kuma da inganci don lalata cuta ta amfani da batsa.

25) Amfani da Batsa Mai Matsala da Kai Ke Yi: Tsarin Haɗaka Daga Ka'idojin Bincike da Ra'ayin Muhalli (2019) - Karin Bayani

Amfani da hoton batsa na matsala mai kama da alama yana da alaƙa da ɓangarori da yawa na bincike da tsarin daban-daban a cikin kwayoyin. Dangane da binciken da aka samu a cikin kwatancen RDoC da aka bayyana a sama, yana yiwuwa a ƙirƙirar tsarin haɗin kai wanda ɓangarori masu bincike daban-daban ke tasiri da juna (Hoto 1). Ya bayyana cewa matakan dopamine masu tsayi, wanda ke gabatarwa a cikin aiki na dabi'a na tsarin ladan da ya danganci aikin jima'i da inzali, yana tsoma baki tare da aiwatar da tsarin VTA-NAc a cikin mutanen da ke yin rahoton SPPPU. Wannan lalatawar takaddara yana haifar da kunnawa ga ladan aikin sakamako da haɓaka yanayin da ya danganci amfani da batsa, inganta halayen kayan batsa sakamakon karuwar dopamine a cikin ƙimar ƙwayoyin cuta.

Cigaba da bayyanar da abubuwa na batsa masu saurin samuwa da alama suna haifar da rashin daidaituwa a cikin tsarin kwayar cutar mesolimbic. Wannan kwayar dopamine mai yawa yana kunna hanyoyin fitarwa na GABA, yana samar da dynorphin azaman kayan aiki, wanda ke hana ƙwayoyin dopamine. Lokacin da dopamine ya ragu, ana sakin acetylcholine kuma zai iya haifar da yanayin juya baya (Hoebel et al. 2007), ƙirƙirar tsarin lada mara kyau wanda aka samo a mataki na biyu na ƙirar jaraba. Wannan rashin daidaito kuma yana da alaƙa da sauyawa daga kusantar zuwa halayyar kaucewa, wanda aka gani a cikin mutanen da ke ba da rahoton yin amfani da batsa ta batsa…. Waɗannan canje-canje a cikin tsarin ciki da ɗabi'a tsakanin mutane tare da SPPPU suna kama da waɗanda aka lura da su a cikin mutanen da ke shan ƙwayoyi, kuma suna yin taswira cikin tsarin jaraba (Love et al. 2015).

26) Sha'awar jima'i ta yanar gizo: taƙaitaccen bayani game da ci gaba da maganin wata sabuwar cuta da ta kunno kai (2020) - Karin bayani:

Addu'ar Cybersex jaraba ce ta rashin amfani da abubuwa wacce ta ƙunshi yin jima'i ta yanar gizo. Yau, nau'ikan abubuwa da yawa da suka shafi jima'i ko batsa ana iya samun sauƙin ta hanyar kafofin watsa labarun yanar gizo. A Indonesia, yawanci ana ɗaukar jima'i a ɗabi'a amma yawancin matasa sun kamu da hotunan batsa. Zai iya haifar da jaraba tare da mummunan tasirin da yawa ga masu amfani, kamar dangantaka, kuɗi, da matsalolin ƙwaƙwalwa kamar babban rashin damuwa da rikicewar damuwa.

27) Waɗanne Sharuɗɗa Ya Kamata A Yi La'akari da Su A Matsayin Matsalolin da ke Cikin Rarraba Cututtuka na Duniya (ICD-11) Nau'in "Sauran Matsalolin da Aka Takaita Saboda Halayen Jaraba"? (2020) - Wani bita da kwararru kan jaraba suka yi ya kammala da cewa matsalar amfani da batsa yanayi ne da ya kamata a gano shi da nau'in ICD-11 "sauran cututtuka da aka ƙayyade saboda halayen jaraba". A takaice dai, amfani da batsa na tilastawa yana kama da sauran jaraba da aka sani. Karin bayani:

35) Amsawa, Koyo, da Kimantawa da Lada ke Shafi a Amfani da Batsa Mai Matsala - Ra'ayin Ka'idojin Bincike (2022) - Karin Bayani:

A taƙaice, sakamakon binciken SID mai ba da labari yana nuna halaye da hanyoyin lada na jijiyoyi waɗanda ke da hankali ga jima'i akan ladan kuɗi a cikin mahalarta tare da PPU kamar yadda sanannen ka'idar haɓakar haɓakar jaraba ke ba da shawara [35]. Wannan ka'idar ta ba da sanarwar cewa maimaita amfani da abu yana faɗakar da lada ga abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da amfani da kayan, kuma yana haɓaka tasirin ƙarfafawa ga waɗannan alamu. Canja wurin zuwa PPU, da'irar lada za ta dangana ƙara yawan kuzari ga alamun da ke nuna amfani da batsa.

36) Shin ya kamata a yi la'akari da halayen jima'i masu matsala a ƙarƙashin ikon jaraba? Bita mai tsari bisa ga ka'idojin rashin lafiyar amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi na DSM-5 (2023)

An gano ka'idodin DSM-5 na cututtukan jaraba sun zama ruwan dare a tsakanin masu amfani da jima'i masu matsala, musamman sha'awar, asarar iko akan amfani da jima'i, da mummunan sakamako masu alaƙa da halayen jima'i…. Ya kamata a yi ƙarin karatu [ta amfani da] ka'idodin DSM-5 [don tantance] abubuwan jaraba-kamar halayen halayen jima'i masu matsala a cikin asibitoci da waɗanda ba na asibiti ba.

Duba Nazarin Tambaya & Ruɗi don takardu da aka tallata sosai waɗanda ba su da'awar su ( wannan takarda mai kwanan wata - Ley et al. , 2014 - ba bita ne na wallafe-wallafe ba kuma ya yi kuskuren fassara yawancin takardun da ya ambata). Duba wannan shafin don nazarin da yawa da ke haɗa amfani da batsa da matsalolin jima'i da raguwar gamsuwar jima'i & dangantaka.

Nazarin nazarin ne (fMRI, MRI, EEG, Neuro-endocrine, Neuro-pyschological) a kan masu amfani da batsa da jima'i:

Nazarin ilimin halin da ke ƙasa an kasafta su ta hanyoyi biyu: (1) da kwakwalwar jaraba da ke jujjuya kwakwalwa yana canza kowane rahoto, kuma (2) da ranar bugawa.

1) An jera su ta Canjin Kwakwalwa Mai Alaƙa da Jaraba : George F. Koob da Nora D. Volkow sun bayyana manyan canje-canje guda huɗu na kwakwalwa da jaraba ke haifarwa a cikin bita mai mahimmanci. Koob shine Daraktan Cibiyar Kasa kan Barasa da Barasa (NIAAA), kuma Volkow shine darektan Cibiyar Kasa kan Barasa (NIDA). An buga shi a cikin Jaridar New England Journal of Medicine: Neurobiologic Advances from the Brain Disease Model of Addiction (2016) . Takardar ta bayyana manyan canje-canjen kwakwalwa da ke tattare da jarabar miyagun ƙwayoyi da ɗabi'a, yayin da ta bayyana a sakin layi na farko cewa jarabar jima'i tana wanzuwa:

"Mun kammala da cewa ilimin jijiyoyi yana ci gaba da tallafawa tsarin cututtukan kwakwalwa na jaraba. Binciken ilimin jijiyoyi a wannan fanni ba wai kawai yana ba da sabbin damammaki don rigakafi da magance jarabar miyagun ƙwayoyi da jarabar ɗabi'a masu alaƙa ba (misali, ga abinci, jima'i , da caca)…."

Takardar Volkow & Koob ta bayyana sauye-sauye guda huɗu na kwakwalwa da jaraba ke haifarwa, waɗanda suka haɗa da: 1) Jin Daɗi , 2) Rashin Jin Daɗi , 3) Da'irori na gaba-gaba marasa aiki (hypofrontality), 4) Tsarin damuwa mara aiki . An gano duk waɗannan canje-canje guda 4 na kwakwalwa a cikin nazarin jijiyoyi da yawa da aka jera a wannan shafin:

• Nazarin binciken sanarwa (cue-reactivity & cravings) a cikin masu amfani da batsa / jima'i jima'i: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28.
• Nazarin binciken lalatawa ko haɓaka (wanda ya haifar da haƙuri) a cikin masu amfani da batsa / jima'i: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8.
• Nazarin nazarin rahoton rashin talauci na gudanar da aiki (hypofrontality) ko musanya aiki na farko a masu amfani da batsa / jima'i addicts: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19.
• Nazarin yana nuna a dysfunctional danniya tsarin a masu amfani da batsa / jima'i: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.

2) An jera ta Ranar Bugawa: Jerin da ke ƙasa ya ƙunshi duk nazarin jijiyoyi da aka buga akan masu amfani da batsa da masu jarabar jima'i. Kowane bincike da aka jera a ƙasa yana tare da bayani ko wani ɓangare, kuma yana nuna wanne daga cikin canje-canjen kwakwalwa guda 4 da suka shafi jaraba suka tattauna bincikensa ya goyi bayan:

1) Binciken Farko Kan Halayen Juna Masu Ƙarfi Da Jijiyoyi na Halayen Juna Masu Ƙarfi ( Miner et al. , 2009) – [da'irori na gaba-gaba marasa aiki/aikin zartarwa mafi rauni] – Wani ƙaramin bincike na fMRI wanda ya shafi masu shan jima'i galibi (Halayen Juna Masu Ƙarfi). Binciken ya ba da rahoton ƙarin ɗabi'a mai ƙarfi a cikin aikin Go-NoGo a cikin batutuwa na CSB idan aka kwatanta da mahalarta sarrafawa. Binciken kwakwalwa ya nuna cewa masu shan jima'i sun lalata tsarin farin cortex na gaba idan aka kwatanta da sarrafawa. Karin bayani:

Bayanan da aka gabatar a cikin wannan takarda sun yi daidai da zaton cewa CSB yana da kamanceceniya tare da rikicewar rikicewar motsi, kamar kleptomania, caca mai tilastawa, da rikicewar abinci. Musamman, mun gano cewa mutanen da suka cika ka'idodin bincike don halayen halayen jima'i sun fi girma akan matakan rahoton kansu na impulsivity, gami da matakan ƙarancin impulsivity da halayen mutum, raarfafawa In .. Baya ga matakan rahoton kai na sama, marasa lafiyar CSB Hakanan ya nuna mahimmancin impulsivity akan aikin ɗabi'a, hanyar Go-No Go.

Sakamakon kuma ya nuna cewa marasa lafiyar CSB sun nuna mahimmanci mafi girman matsayi na gaba da ke gaba gaba ɗaya (MD) fiye da masu sarrafawa. Wani bincike na daidaitawa ya nuna ƙungiyoyi masu mahimmanci tsakanin matakan gaggawa da ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cutar (FA) da kuma MD, amma babu ƙungiyoyi da ke da ƙananan yankin gaba. Binciken da aka kwatanta sun nuna mummunar haɗuwa tsakanin haɓaka na gaba da lobe MD da kuma kayan kirkirar jima'i.

Don haka, waɗannan ƙididdigar na farko suna daɗaɗawa kuma suna samar da wata alama da ke nuna cewa wataƙila akwai alamun neuroanatomical da / ko neurophysiological abubuwan da ke tattare da halayen jima'i na tilas. Waɗannan bayanan kuma sun nuna cewa wataƙila CSB yana cikin halin ƙazanta, amma kuma ya haɗa da wasu abubuwan haɗin, wanda zai iya kasancewa yana da alaƙa da sake motsawar rai da damuwa na OCD.

2) Bambance-bambancen da aka ruwaito kan ma'aunin aikin zartarwa da halayyar jima'i ta maza masu yawan jima'i a cikin samfurin maza marasa lafiya da al'umma ( Reid et al ., 2010) - [aikin zartarwa mafi muni] - Wani ɓangare:

Marasa lafiya da ke neman taimako don halayyar luwadi sukan nuna fasalin impulsivity, fahimi rigidity, rashin kaifin hukunci, kasawa a ka'idojin motsin rai, da yawan damuwa da jima'i. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan halaye ma galibi ne tsakanin marasa lafiya waɗanda ke gabatar da cututtukan cututtukan jijiyoyin jiki waɗanda ke haɗuwa da lalacewar zartarwa. Wadannan maganganun sun haifar da bincike na yanzu game da bambance-bambance tsakanin rukuni na marasa lafiya maza da mata (n = 87) da samfurin samari marasa jima'i (n = 92) na maza masu amfani da Inventory Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version Halin maza da mata an daidaita su da kyau tare da ƙididdigar duniya na rashin aiki na zartarwa da ƙananan raƙuman ruwa na BRIEF-A. Wadannan binciken suna ba da hujja na farko da ke tallafawa tunanin cewa rashin aikin zartarwa na iya kasancewa cikin halayen lalata.

3) Kallon Hotunan Batsa a Intanet: Matsayin Kimantawa da Tashin Hankali da Alamomin Halayyar Dan Adam don Amfani da Shafukan Jima'i na Intanet Fiye da Kima ( Brand et al. , 2011) - [ƙarin sha'awa/fahimta da rashin aikin zartarwa mafi muni] - Wani ɓangare:

Sakamako ya nuna cewa matsalolin da aka ruwaito a cikin rayuwar yau da kullum da aka danganta da ayyukan jima'i na yau da kullum sunyi la'akari da matakan jima'i na jima'i na batsa, batutuwa na duniya da alamun cututtuka, da kuma yawan aikace-aikacen jima'i da aka yi amfani dashi lokacin da suke kan shafukan intanet a rayuwar yau da kullum, yayin da lokacin da aka yi amfani da shafukan yanar gizo na Intanet (minti a kowace rana) bai taimaka sosai ba wajen bayani game da bambancin a IATsex. Mun ga wasu daidaito tsakanin halayen kwakwalwa da kwakwalwa wanda zai iya taimakawa wajen kiyaye cybersex mai tsanani da kuma wadanda aka bayyana ga mutane da mahimmanci.

4) Tsarin Hotunan Batsa Yana Shafar Aikin Ƙwaƙwalwar Aiki ( Laier et al. , 2013) - [ƙarin sha'awa/fahimtar da kai da kuma rashin aikin zartarwa mai kyau] - Wani ɓangare:

Wasu mutane suna bayar da rahoton matsaloli a lokacin da bayan bayanan jima'i na Intanet, irin su barcin barci da manta da alƙawura, waɗanda suke da alaƙa da sakamakon lalacewa. Wata hanyar da zata iya haifar da wadannan matsalolin ita ce, jima'i a lokacin jima'i na Intanit zai iya tsangwama tare da damar aiki na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya (WM), wanda ya haifar da sakaci game da bayanan muhallin da ya dace da kuma yanke shawarar yanke hukunci mara kyau. Sakamakon ya nuna mummunan aikin WM a cikin yanayin hoto na aikin 4-baya da aka kwatanta da yanayin hotunan guda uku. Ana tattauna zane game da jaraba ta Intanet saboda wulakancin WM ta bayanan jita-jita da aka sani da sanannun abubuwa.

5) Tsarin Hoton Jima'i Yana Shagaltar da Yanke Shawara A ƙarƙashin Rashin Sha'awa ( Laier et al ., 2013) - [ƙarin sha'awa/hankali da rashin aikin zartarwa] - Wani ɓangare:

Sakamakon yanke shawara ya fi mummunan lokacin da hotunan jima'i suka haɗu da haɗarin katunan ajiya idan aka kwatanta da aikin yayin da aka haɗu da hotunan jima'i tare da magunguna masu kyau. Maɗaukaki na jima'i yana jagorancin dangantaka tsakanin yanayin aiki da yanke shawara. Wannan binciken ya jaddada cewa jima'i yana jituwa da yanke shawara, wanda zai iya bayyana dalilin da yasa wasu mutane ke samun sakamako mai kyau a cikin hanyar amfani da yanar gizo.

6) Sha'awar jima'i ta yanar gizo: Sha'awar jima'i da aka fuskanta lokacin kallon batsa ba tare da saduwa ta zahiri ba yana kawo canji ( Laier et al ., 2013) - [ƙarin sha'awa/fahimtar da kuma rashin aikin zartarwa mai kyau] - Wani ɓangare:

Sakamakon ya nuna cewa alamun nuna sha'awar jima'i da sha'awar shafukan yanar-gizon Intanet sunyi tsammanin halin da ake ciki don cin zarafin cybersex a cikin binciken farko. Bugu da ƙari kuma, an nuna cewa masu amfani da yanar gizo na mai matsala suna ba da rahoto game da halayen jima'i da kuma haɗari da suka haifar da gabatarwar hotuna. A cikin binciken duka biyu, adadin da inganci tare da ma'amala na ainihi ba su da alaka da buri na cybersex. Sakamakon yana goyan baya ga ƙaddamarwa, wanda ya zama ƙarfafawa, tsarin ilmantarwa, da kuma sha'awar zama matakai masu dacewa a ci gaba da kuma kiyaye tsangwama na cybersex. Magance ko rashin jin daɗi na lambobin sadarwar jima'i ba za su iya ba da cikakken bayani game da jima'i na yanar gizo ba.

7) Sha'awar Jima'i, ba Jinsi Mai Yawan Juna Biyu ba, tana da alaƙa da Amsoshin Jijiyoyi da Hotunan Jima'i ke Haifarwa ( Steele et al. , 2013) – [mafi girman martanin da ke da alaƙa da ƙarancin sha'awar jima'i: hankali da ɗabi'a] – An yi wannan binciken EEG a kafofin watsa labarai a matsayin shaida a kan wanzuwar jarabar batsa/jima'i. Ba haka ba ne . Steele et al . 2013 a zahiri yana ba da goyon baya ga wanzuwar jarabar batsa da amfani da batsa wanda ke rage sha'awar jima'i. Ta yaya haka? Binciken ya ba da rahoton ƙarin karatun EEG (idan aka kwatanta da hotuna masu tsaka tsaki) lokacin da aka fallasa mutane ga hotunan batsa na ɗan lokaci. Nazarin ya nuna cewa P300 mai girma yana faruwa ne lokacin da masu jaraba suka fallasa alamun (kamar hotuna) da suka shafi jarabar su.

Dangane da nazarin binciken kwakwalwa na Jami'ar Cambridge , wannan binciken EEG ya kuma ba da rahoton ƙarin martani ga batsa wanda ke da alaƙa da ƙarancin sha'awar jima'i tare. A wata hanyar - mutanen da ke da ƙarin kunnawar kwakwalwa ga batsa sun fi son yin lalata da batsa fiye da yin jima'i da mutum na gaske. Abin mamaki, mai magana da yawun binciken Nicole Prause ta yi iƙirarin cewa masu amfani da batsa suna da "babban sha'awa," duk da haka sakamakon binciken ya ce akasin haka ne (sha'awar waɗanda ke yin jima'i tare ta ragu dangane da amfani da batsa).

Tare, waɗannan binciken Steele da abokan aikinsa guda biyu sun nuna ƙarin aikin kwakwalwa ga alamun (hotunan batsa), amma ƙarancin amsawa ga lada na halitta (jima'i da mutum). Wannan abin jan hankali da rashin jin daɗi, waɗanda alamu ne na jaraba. Takardu takwas da aka yi wa bita kan takwarorinsu sun bayyana gaskiyar: Sukar da aka yi wa Steele da abokan aikinsa , 2013. Duba kuma wannan sharhin YBOP mai faɗi.

Baya ga da'awar da ba a tallafa wa ba a cikin manema labarai, abin damuwa ne cewa binciken EGG na Prause na 2013 ya wuce bita na takwarorinsu, saboda yana fama da manyan kurakuran hanyoyin: 1) batutuwa ba su da bambanci (maza, mata, waɗanda ba 'yan luwaɗi ba) ; 2) ba a tantance batutuwa don matsalolin tunani ko jaraba ba ; 3) binciken ba shi da ƙungiyar iko don kwatantawa ; 4) ba a tabbatar da tambayoyi don amfani da batsa ko jarabar batsa ba . Steele a al. yana da mummunan lahani har 4 kawai daga cikin bita da sharhin wallafe-wallafe 24 da ke sama sun damu da ambaton sa : biyu suna sukar sa a matsayin kimiyyar jaraba mara yarda, yayin da biyu suka ambaci shi a matsayin alaƙar amsawa tare da ƙarancin sha'awar jima'i da abokin tarayya (alamun jaraba).

8) Tsarin Kwakwalwa da Haɗin Aiki da ke da Alaƙa da Amfani da Batsa: Kwakwalwa akan Batsa ( Kuhn & Gallinat, 2014) - [rashin daidaituwa, al'ada, da da'irorin prefrontal marasa aiki]. Wannan binciken fMRI na Cibiyar Max Planck ya ba da rahoton binciken jijiyoyi guda 3 da ke da alaƙa da manyan matakan amfani da batsa: (1) ƙarancin tsarin lada mai launin toka (dorsal striatum), (2) ƙarancin kunna da'irar lada yayin kallon hotunan jima'i na ɗan lokaci, (3) ƙarancin haɗin aiki tsakanin dorsal striatum da dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Masu binciken sun fassara binciken guda 3 a matsayin alamar tasirin fallasa batsa na dogon lokaci. In ji binciken,

Wannan ya yi daidai da hasashen cewa yawan fallasa ga abubuwan da ke haifar da batsa yana haifar da raguwar amsawar jijiyoyi na halitta ga abubuwan da ke haifar da jima'i.

Lokacin da yake kwatanta rashin haɗin aiki tsakanin PFC da striatum binciken ya ce,

Rashin aiki na wannan kewaye yana da alaƙa da zabi marasa dacewa, kamar neman ƙwayoyi, ko da kuwa sakamakon mummunan sakamako

Babbar marubuciya Simone Kühn tana tsokaci a cikin sanarwar manema labarai ta Max Planck, ta ce :

Muna tsammanin cewa batutuwa da ke da batutuwa masu girma suna bukatar kara ƙarfafawa don karɓar nauyin adadin. Wannan na iya nufin cewa yin amfani da batsa ta yau da kullum ko fiye ko žasa ya fitar da tsarin aikin ku. Wannan zai dace daidai da tsammanin tsarin haɗin su na bukatar ƙarfafawa.

9) Alamomin Jijiyoyi na Amsawar Jima'i a cikin Mutane tare da kuma ba tare da Halayen Jima'i na Tilas ba ( Voon et al. , 2014) - [hankali/hankali-hankali da rashin hankali] Na farko a cikin jerin nazarin Jami'ar Cambridge ya gano irin wannan yanayin aikin kwakwalwa a cikin masu shan batsa (batutuwan CSB) kamar yadda aka gani a cikin masu shan miyagun ƙwayoyi da masu shan giya - mafi girman amsawa ko faɗakarwa. Babban mai bincike Valerie Voon ya ce:

Akwai bambancin bambanci a cikin kwakwalwar kwakwalwa tsakanin marasa lafiya da ke da halayyar jima'i da masu aikin sa kai na lafiya. Wadannan bambance-bambance sun kwatanta da wadanda ke shan magani.

Voon et al., 2014 sun kuma gano cewa masu shan batsa sun dace da tsarin jaraba da aka yarda da shi na son "shi", amma ba sa son "shi". Karin bayani:

Idan aka kwatanta da masu saran lafiya, batutuwa na CSB sun fi sha'awar jima'i ko sha'awar bayyana ra'ayoyin kuma sun fi sha'awar ƙididdigar ra'ayoyin, don haka suna nuna rashin daidaituwa tsakanin ƙauna da ƙaunar

Masu binciken sun kuma bayar da rahoton cewa 60% na batutuwa (matsakaicin shekarun: 25) yana da wuyar samun samfuri / haɗin kai tare da abokan hulɗa, duk da haka zai iya cimma burbushin da batsa. Wannan yana nuna mahimmanci ko al'ada. Excerpts:

Batutuwa na CSB sun ruwaito cewa sakamakon mummunan amfani da kayan aiki na jima'i ... .. raguwa ya rage libido ko aiki na musamman musamman a cikin dangantaka ta jiki da mata (ko da yake ba a cikin dangantaka da jima'i ba).

Batutuwa na CSB idan aka kwatanta da masu aikin sa kai na lafiya sun fi wahalar matsala tare da jima'i da jima'i kuma sun fuskanci matsaloli masu mahimmanci a cikin jima'i amma ba ga abin da ke tattare da jima'i ba.

10) Ingantaccen Nuna Hankali ga Alamomin Jima'i a cikin Mutane tare da da kuma ba tare da Halayen Jima'i na Tilas ba ( Mechelmans et al. , 2014) - [hankali/mai da martani] - Nazarin Jami'ar Cambridge na biyu. Wani ɓangare:

Abubuwan da muka gano game da abin da ya kamata mu kara da hankali ... sunyi tunanin yiwuwar haɓaka tare da kulawa da hankali da hankali akan nazarin magungunan miyagun ƙwayoyi a cikin rikici na tsari. Wadannan binciken sun haɗa da binciken da suka faru kwanan nan game da karuwar jigilar hanzari a cikin hanyar sadarwa kamar yadda aka tsara a cikin binciken nazarin magungunan miyagun ƙwayoyi da kuma bada tallafi ga dalili na motsa jiki na jaraba wanda ke haifar da amsawar aberrant zuwa jima'i a cikin [ batal addicts]. Wannan binciken ya damu tare da bincikenmu na kwanan nan cewa bidiyon bidiyo na jima'i an hade da mafi girma a cikin hanyar sadarwa mai kama da abin da aka lura a cikin nazarin magunguna. Bukatar mafi girma ko sha'awar maimakon ƙaunar da aka haɓaka da haɗin kai a cikin wannan cibiyar sadarwa. Wadannan nazarin tare suna bada goyon baya ga ka'idar motsa jiki na jarabawa wanda ke haifar da amsawar aberrant game da jima'i a cikin CSB.

11) Ana iya bayyana jarabar jima'i ta yanar gizo a cikin mata masu amfani da batsa ta intanet ta hanyar hasashen gamsuwa ( Laier et al ., 2014) - [mafi girma sha'awa/hankali] - Wani ɓangare:

Mun bincika mata 51 na IPU da mata 51 waɗanda ba masu amfani da yanar gizo ba (NIPU). Ta amfani da tambayoyi, mun tantance tsananin matsalar jarabar intanet gabaɗaya, da kuma haɓakar fitsarin jima'i, halayyar jima'i mai wahala, da kuma alamun alamun hankali. Ari ga haka, an gudanar da wani gwaji na gwaji, gami da gwajin hotunan batsa 100, kazalika da alamun nuna sha'awa. Sakamakon binciken ya nuna cewa IPU ta ba da hotunan batsa a matsayin abin sha'awa kuma an ba da rahoton babban abin sha'awa saboda gabatarwar hoton batsa idan aka kwatanta da NIPU. Haka kuma, sha'awar hoto, sanya hotuna na sha'awa, hankali ga sha'awar jima'i, halayyar jima'i mai matsala, da kuma tsananin alamun alamu na nuna halin sha'awar jarabar intanet cikin IPU.

Kasancewa cikin dangantaka, yawan lambobin jima'i, gamsuwa da lambobin saduwa da jima'i, da kuma amfani da yanar gizo masu hulda ba su da alaƙa da jarabar yanar gizo. Wadannan sakamakon suna cikin lamuran da wadanda aka ruwaito na maza maza a cikin karatun da suka gabata. Abubuwan bincike game da karfafawa game da sha'awar jima'i, hanyoyin ilmantarwa, da kuma rawar da ke tattare da sakewa da kuma sha'awar ci gaban jarabar intanet cikin IPU ana buƙatar tattaunawa.

12) Shaida Mai Ma'ana da La'akari da Ka'idoji kan Abubuwan da ke Ba da Gudummawa ga Jarabawar Jima'i ta Intanet Daga Ra'ayin Halayyar Fahimta ( Laier et al. , 2014) - [mafi girman sha'awa/hankali] - Wani ɓangare:

An tattauna yanayin da ake kira cybersex buri (CA) da kuma hanyoyin da ake gudanarwa. Ayyukan da suka gabata sun nuna cewa wasu mutane na iya zama masu sauƙi ga CA, yayin da ƙarfin ƙarfafawa da haɓakawa da ake gani ana daukar su su zama ginshiƙan tsarin ci gaban CA. A cikin wannan binciken, 155 mazaje maza da mata maza sun ƙididdige hotunan 100 hotuna kuma sun nuna haɓakawar haɗuwa da jima'i. Bugu da ƙari, abubuwan da ake nufi da CA, da hankali ga jima'i da jima'i, da kuma yin amfani da jima'i cikin jima'i an tsara su. Sakamakon binciken ya nuna cewa akwai dalilai na rashin lafiyar zuwa CA kuma ya samar da shaida ga muhimmancin jima'i da dullfunctional aiki a cikin ci gaba na CA.

13) Sabon abu, Shawara da Hankali ga Ladabi na Jima'i ( Banca et al ., 2015) – [mafi girman sha'awa/hankali da kuma ɗabi'a/rage hankali] – Wani bincike na fMRI na Jami'ar Cambridge. Idan aka kwatanta da masu shan batsa masu sarrafawa, sun fi son sabbin abubuwan jima'i da kuma alamun da ke da alaƙa da batsa. Duk da haka, kwakwalwar masu shan batsa ta saba da hotunan jima'i da sauri. Tunda ba a riga an fi son sabbin abubuwa ba, ana kyautata zaton cewa jarabar batsa tana haifar da neman sabbin abubuwa a yunƙurin shawo kan ɗabi'a da rashin jin daɗi.

Harkokin jima'i mai haɗaka (CSB) an hade da ingantaccen fifiko na sha'awa don yin jima'i, idan aka kwatanta da hotuna masu sarrafawa, da kuma ra'ayi na kowa don ra'ayoyin da ake jima'i don jima'i da kuma kudaden kuɗi tare da tsaka-tsaki idan aka kwatanta da masu aikin sa kai lafiya. Kamfanonin CSB sun sami ciwon haɗin kai da yawa don sake yin jima'i tare da tsabar kudi tare da matsayi na haɓaka da haɓakawa tare da ingantaccen zaɓi na jima'i. Hanyoyin halayyar da ke tattare da jima'i a cikin abubuwan da ba a yarda da su ba ne daga abubuwan da suka fi son yin amfani da su don halayyar jima'i. Wannan binciken ya nuna cewa mutane CSB suna da wani zaɓi wanda aka ƙaddamar da shi don ƙaddamar da haɗin kai wanda ya fi dacewa ta hanyar haɗakarwa ta al'ada tare da ingantaccen haɓakawa na kwanciyar hankali don lada. Wani bayani:

Wani ɓangare daga sanarwar manema labarai mai alaƙa:

Sun gano cewa lokacin da jima'i ya yi maimaita kallon jima'i akai-akai, idan aka kwatanta da masu aikin sa kai na lafiya sun sami raguwar aiki a yankin kwakwalwa da aka sani da layin kwakwalwa na baya, wanda aka sani yana shiga cikin sa ran sakamako da amsawa sababbin abubuwan. Wannan ya dace da 'haɓaka', inda mai shan magani ya sami irin wannan motsa jiki da ƙasa kuma ba mai ladabi - alal misali, mai shan giya na iya samun caffeine 'buzz' daga kofin su na farko, amma a tsawon lokaci sukan ƙara shan kofi, ƙananan buzz ya zama.

Hakanan wannan tasiri yana faruwa a cikin maza mai kyau wadanda aka nuna su a bidiyo guda daya. Amma idan sun duba sabon bidiyon, matakin sha'awa da ƙyamarwa ya koma matakin asali. Wannan yana nuna cewa, don hana haɓakawa, mai shan jima'i yana bukatar buƙatar samar da sababbin hotuna. A wasu kalmomi, halin da ake ciki yana iya fitar da bincike don hotunan hotuna.

"Abubuwan da muke binciken sun fi dacewa a cikin batutuwa na batsa na intanit," in ji Dokta Voon. "Ba a bayyana abin da ke haifar da jima'i ba a farkon wuri kuma yana iya yiwuwa wasu mutane sun fi damuwa da jaraba fiye da wasu, amma irin yadda ba a iya samar da hotuna a cikin layi ba, yana taimakawa wajen ci gaba da jaraba da jima'i. mafi wuya a tserewa. "

14) Abubuwan da ke cikin Jijiyoyi na Sha'awar Jima'i a cikin Mutane Masu Matsalolin Halayyar Jima'i ( Seok & Sohn , 2015) – [mafi girman amsawa/hankali da kuma da'irorin prefrontal marasa aiki] – Wannan binciken fMRI na Koriya ya kwaikwayi wasu nazarin kwakwalwa akan masu amfani da batsa. Kamar nazarin Jami'ar Cambridge, ya gano tsarin kunna kwakwalwa da aka haifar da cutar a cikin masu shan jima'i, wanda ya yi daidai da tsarin masu shan miyagun kwayoyi. Dangane da bincike da dama na Jamus, ya sami canje-canje a cikin prefrontal cortex wanda ya dace da canje-canjen da aka lura a cikin masu shan miyagun kwayoyi. Abin da ke sabo shi ne cewa binciken ya yi daidai da tsarin kunna prefrontal cortex da aka lura a cikin masu shan miyagun kwayoyi: Babban amsawa ga hotunan jima'i amma an hana martani ga wasu abubuwan da ke haifar da hankali. Wani ɓangare:

Nazarinmu na nufin bincike akan ƙwayoyin da ke tattare da sha'awar jima'i tare da haɓakaccen yanayi na furotin na aikin magudi (fMRI). Mutum ashirin da uku da ke da PHB da 22 shekaru-wanda ya dace da kyawawan lafiya an duba su yayin da suke kallon jima'i da jima'i. Matakan 'yan jarida' yan jima'i sun tantance su saboda amsawa ga kowane jima'i. Mahimmanci ga sarrafawa, mutanen da ke tare da PHB sun sami sha'awar jima'i da yawa da kuma bunkasa sha'awar jima'i yayin shawaɗɗa ga matsalolin jima'i. An lura da mafi girma a cikin ƙwayar caudate, lobe na parietal na baya, kwakwalwa na tsakiya na dorsal, thalamus, da kuma gurgunin gaba na farko a cikin kungiyar PHB fiye da ƙungiyar kulawa. Bugu da kari, alamu na hemodynamic a cikin yankunan da aka kunna sun bambanta tsakanin kungiyoyi. Daidai da binciken da kwakwalwar ke tattare da nazarin abu da halayyar dabi'a, mutanen da ke da dabi'un hali na PHB da kuma sha'awar da aka haɓaka sun nuna sauyawar kunnawa a cikin layin da ke gaba da ƙananan yankuna.

15) Sauya Abubuwan Da Za Su Iya Daɗewa Ta Hanyar Hotunan Jima'i a cikin Masu Amfani da Matsaloli da Kulawa Ba Su Dace da "Addinin Batsa" ( Prause et al. , 2015) - [habituation] - Wani bincike na EEG na biyu daga ƙungiyar Nicole Prause . Wannan binciken ya kwatanta batutuwa na 2013 daga Steele et al ., 2013 da ƙungiyar kulawa ta gaske (duk da haka ta sha wahala daga kurakuran hanyoyin da aka ambata a sama). Sakamakon: Idan aka kwatanta da "mutanen da ke fuskantar matsalolin daidaita kallon batsa" suna da ƙarancin martanin kwakwalwa ga fallasa hotunan batsa na vanilla na daƙiƙa ɗaya. Babban marubucin ya yi iƙirarin cewa waɗannan sakamakon " an cire jarabar batsa ." Wane masanin kimiyya ne mai gaskiya zai yi iƙirarin cewa bincikensu na rashin daidaituwa ya karyata wani fanni na bincike mai kyau?

A gaskiya ma, binciken Prause et al. 2015 ya yi daidai da Kühn & Gallina t (2014) , wanda ya gano cewa yawan amfani da batsa yana da alaƙa da ƙarancin kunna kwakwalwa a martanin hotunan batsa na vanilla. Binciken Prause et al . ya kuma yi daidai da Banca et al. 2015 wanda shine #13 a cikin wannan jerin. Bugu da ƙari, wani binciken EEG ya gano cewa yawan amfani da batsa a cikin mata yana da alaƙa da ƙarancin kunna kwakwalwa ga batsa. Karatun EEG ƙasa yana nufin cewa mutane ba sa mai da hankali sosai ga hotunan. A taƙaice, masu amfani da batsa akai-akai ba su da hankali ga hotunan batsa na vanilla. Sun gaji (suna da tabin hankali ko kuma ba sa jin daɗi). Duba wannan sharhin YBOP mai zurfi . Takardu goma da aka yi wa takwarorinsu sun yarda cewa wannan binciken ya gano rashin jin daɗi/halayya a cikin masu amfani da batsa akai-akai (daidai da jaraba): Sharhin Prause et al ., 2015

Yi kokari yayi shelar cewa karatunta ta EEG sun yi la'akari da "cue-reactivity" (sanarwa), maimakon haɓaka. Koda kodayake kodayaushe ta yi daidai sai ta yi watsi da ramin da ya ragu a cikin kalmar "falsification": Ko da kuwa Yi amfani da al al. 2015 ya sami raguwa mai yawa a yawan masu amfani da batsa, 24 wasu binciken nazarin binciken neuro ya ruwaito -ewaitawa ko ƙwarewa (sanarwa) a cikin masu amfani da batsa masu karfi: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24. Kimiyya baya tafiya da karatu na kaɗaici wanda mummunar dabara ce ta kama shi; kimiyya yana tafiya tare da tabbacin hujja (sai dai idan kun an kaddamar da shirin).

16) Rashin Tsarin Tsarin HPA Axis a Maza Masu Ciwon Jima'i Mai Yawan Juna Biyu ( Chatzittofis , 2015) – [amsawar damuwa mara aiki] – Wani bincike da aka yi da maza 67 masu shan jima'i da kuma 39 masu kula da shekaru. Tsarin Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) shine babban abin da ke taka rawa a cikin martanin damuwa. Shaye-shaye yana canza yanayin damuwa na kwakwalwa wanda ke haifar da rashin aiki na tsarin HPA. Wannan binciken kan masu shan jima'i (masu sha'awar jima'i) ya gano canje-canjen martanin damuwa wanda ke kama da binciken da aka yi tare da jarabar miyagun kwayoyi. An ɗauko daga sanarwar manema labarai:

Binciken ya shafi 67 maza da rashin daidaituwa ta maza da kuma 39 lafiya. Masu halartar da aka bincikar da su a hankali don rashin lafiyar mata da maza da kuma duk wani rikici tare da ciwo ko ƙananan yara. Masu bincike sun ba su kashi kadan na dexamethasone a daren jiya kafin gwajin don hana maganin maganin lissafi, sa'an nan kuma da safe sun auna matakan da suka hada da hormones cortisol da ACTH. Sun gano cewa marasa lafiya da rashin daidaituwa na maza da mata suna da matakai masu girma irin wannan kwayoyin halitta fiye da magungunan lafiya, wani bambanci wanda ya kasance ko da bayan kula da cututtukan zuciya da nakasa.

"An lura da ka'idojin tashin hankali a cikin masu fama da ciwo da marasa lafiya da kuma masu zalunci," in ji Farfesa Jokinen. "A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an mayar da hankali ne game da cutar da yara zai iya haifar da dysregulation daga cikin jiki ta hanyar jituwa ta hanyar abubuwan da ake kira epigenetic tsarin, a wasu kalmomi yadda yanayin psychosocial na iya rinjayar da kwayoyin da ke sarrafa wadannan tsarin." A cewar masu bincike, sakamakon ya nuna cewa tsarin kwayoyin halitta guda ɗaya da ke cikin wani nau'i na zalunci zai iya amfani da shi ga mutanen da ke fama da rikici.

17) Kulawa ta gaba da jarabar intanet: samfurin nazari da bita kan binciken neuropsychological da neuroimaging ( Brand et al ., 2015) - [da'irori na gaba mara aiki/rashin aikin zartarwa da kuma fahimtar juna] - Karin bayani:

Daidai da wannan, sakamakon daga aikin neuroimaging da sauran nazarin neuropsychological ya nuna cewa sake-amsawa, sha'awar, da yanke shawara sune mahimman ra'ayoyi don fahimtar jarabar Intanet. Abubuwan da aka samo akan raguwa a cikin ikon zartarwa sunyi daidai da sauran ƙwarewar ɗabi'a, kamar caca. Hakanan suna jaddada rarrabewar abin a matsayin jaraba, saboda akwai kamanceceniya da yawa tare da binciken abubuwan dogaro. Bugu da ƙari, sakamakon binciken na yanzu yana kama da binciken daga binciken bincike na dogaro da ƙarfafa kamanceceniya tsakanin jarabar cybersex da abubuwan dogaro ko wasu ƙwarewar ɗabi'a.

18) Haɗin kai na ɓoye a cikin jarabar yanar gizo: Daidaita Gwajin Haɗin kai na ɓoye tare da hotunan batsa ( Snagkowski et al ., 2015) - [mafi girma sha'awa/hankali] - Karin bayani:

Karatun da aka yi kwanan nan suna nuna kamanceceniya tsakanin jarabar cybersex da abubuwan dogaro da jayayya don rarraba jarabar cybersex azaman ɗabi'ar ɗabi'a. A cikin dogaro da abu, ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu sanannun suna taka muhimmiyar rawa, kuma irin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi masu ba da ma'ana ba a yi nazarin su a cikin jarabar yanar gizo ba, ya zuwa yanzu. A cikin wannan binciken na gwaji, mahalarta maza 128 maza sun kammala Gwajin Associationungiyar Associationungiya (IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998) wanda aka gyara tare da hotunan batsa. Bugu da ari, halayyar halayyar jima'i, da hankali game da halayyar jima'i, halaye game da jarabar cybersex, da sha'awar sha'awa saboda kallon hotunan batsa.

Sakamakon yana nuna ingantacciyar alaƙa tsakanin ƙungiyoyi bayyanannu na hotunan batsa tare da motsin zuciyar kirki da kuma sha'awar sha'awar jaraba, yanayin jima'i mai matsala, hankali ga sha'awar jima'i da sha'awar sha'awa. Haka kuma, an gudanar da bincike game da tashin hankali wanda ya nuna cewa mutanen da suka bayarda rahoton matsanancin son kai kuma suka nuna kyakkyawar kungiya ta hotunan batsa tare da kyakyawan halaye, musamman wadanda suka dace da jarabar intanet. Abubuwan da aka samo sun nuna rawar iyawa na ƙungiyoyi masu ma'ana tare da hotunan batsa a cikin ci gaba da kuma kula da jaraba na yanar gizo. Haka kuma, sakamakon binciken na yanzu yana kama da abubuwan da aka samo daga binciken dogaro da abubuwa da kuma karfafa kwatanci tsakanin jarabar cybersex da kuma abubuwan da suka dogara da su ko kuma wasu jarabawar halayyar.

19) Alamomin jarabar yanar gizo na iya dangantawa da kusantar da kuma guje wa abubuwan da ke haifar da batsa: sakamakon samfurin analog na masu amfani da yanar gizo na yau da kullun ( Snagkowski, et al. , 2015) - [mafi girma sha'awa/hankali] - Karin bayani:

Wasu hanyoyi suna nuna kamanceceniya da dogaro da sinadarai waɗanda halayen hanya/gujewa suke da mahimmanci. Masu bincike da yawa sun yi jayayya cewa a cikin yanayin yanke shawara game da jaraba, mutane na iya nuna sha'awar kusanci ko guje wa abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da jaraba. A cikin binciken da ake yi yanzu, maza 123 masu jinsi ɗaya sun kammala aikin Hanyar Gujewa (AAT; Rinck da Becker, 2007 ) wanda aka gyara tare da hotunan batsa. A lokacin mahalarta AAT ko dai dole ne su tura abubuwan da ke haifar da batsa ko kuma su jawo su zuwa ga kansu da joystick. An tantance hankali game da sha'awar jima'i, halayen jima'i masu matsala, da kuma sha'awar jarabar yanar gizo ta hanyar tambayoyi.

Sakamako ya nuna cewa mutanen da ke da halayen haɗarin cybersex suna kula da su ko kuma sun guje wa ciwon batsa. Bugu da ƙari, ƙididdigar rikicewar rikicewa ta bayyana cewa mutane da halayen jima'i da matsalolin jima'i da suka nuna dabi'u mai kyau / tsai da hankali, ya ruwaito mafi yawan alamun halayen cybersex. Ganin abubuwa masu mahimmanci, sakamakon yana nuna cewa duka biyan hankali da kuma kaucewa halayen zai iya taka muhimmiyar rawa a fyade na cybersex. Bugu da ƙari, haɗuwa tare da hankali ga haɗakar jima'i da matsalolin jima'i na iya haifar da tasiri game da ƙananan gunaguni na yau da kullum a cikin rayuwar yau da kullum saboda amfani da cybersex. Abubuwan binciken sun samar da hujjoji masu zurfi game da kamance tsakanin jituwa na cybersex da abin dogara. Irin wannan kamance za a iya komawa zuwa wani nau'i mai mahimmanci na aikin cybersex- da magungunan miyagun kwayoyi.

20) Mannewa da batsa? Yin amfani da batsa fiye da kima ko sakaci da alamun cybersex a cikin yanayi mai yawa yana da alaƙa da alamun jarabar cybersex ( Schiebener et al. , 2015) - [ƙarin sha'awa/hankali da rashin iko mafi kyau] - Karin bayani:

Wasu mutane suna cin abin da ke ciki na yanar gizo, irin su kayan batsa, a cikin wani abin bautar rai, wanda ke haifar da sakamakon mummunan sakamako a rayuwar mutum ko aiki. Wata hanyar da za ta haifar da mummunan sakamako zai iya rage ikon sarrafawa game da halayyar juna da halayyar da za su iya zama dole don gane fasalin manufa ta hanyar amfani da cybersex da sauran ayyuka da wajibai na rayuwa. Don magance wannan batu, mun bincika mahallin mahalarta 104 tare da zane-zane mai kwakwalwa tare da jiguna biyu: Ɗaya daga cikin jerin hotuna na mutane, ɗayan kuma ya kunshi hotunan hotuna. A cikin duka biyu an tsara hotunan bisa wasu ka'idodi. Dalilin da ya kamata shine ya yi aiki a kan dukan ayyuka masu rarraba a daidaituwa, ta hanyar sauyawa tsakanin ɗawainiya da ɗawainiyar ƙayyadewa a daidaitaccen hanya.

Mun gano cewa rashin daidaitattun aikin da aka yi a cikin wannan jigon mahaɗin ya haɗu da halayen da ya dace da jita-jitar cybersex. Mutane da wannan hali sukan yi amfani da su ko kuma suna watsi da aikin hotuna. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa rage ikon sarrafawa a kan ayyukan fasaha, lokacin da aka fuskanci batsa, zai iya taimakawa wajen halayen dysfunctional da kuma sakamakon mummunan sakamakon tsangwama na cybersex. Duk da haka, mutanen da ke da halayen haɗin cybersex suna da wani yunkuri don kaucewa ko kuma kusanci abubuwa na batsa, kamar yadda aka tattauna a dabi'un jaraba na jaraba.

21) Ciniki Lada daga baya don jin daɗin da ake da shi a yanzu: Cin Batsa da Rage Jinkiri ( Negash et al. , 2015) - [rashin iko mafi kyau na zartarwa: gwajin dalili] - Karin bayani:

Nazarin 1: Mahalarta sun kammala amfani da tambayoyin batsa da kuma yin ragin aiki a cikin Lokaci 1 sannan kuma bayan sati huɗu. Mahalarta masu ba da rahoton mafi girman batsa na farko suna amfani da mafi girman ragin ragi a Lokaci 2, suna sarrafa rangwame na farkon jinkiri. Nazarin 2: Mahalarta waɗanda suka kaurace wa batsa suna amfani da ragi na ragi na ƙasa da ƙasa fiye da waɗanda suka kaurace wa abincin da suka fi so.

Shafin batsa na Intanit kyauta ne wanda ke taimakawa jinkirta jinkirta bambanta fiye da sauran ladaran dabi'a, ko da a lokacin da amfani baya da karfi ko jaraba. Wannan bincike ya zama muhimmiyar gudummawa, yana nuna cewa sakamakon ya wuce ƙarancin lokaci.

Hanyoyin batsa na iya samar da jima'i na jima'i nan da nan amma suna da abubuwan da zasu iya wucewa da kuma tasiri ga wasu yankuna na rayuwar mutum, musamman dangantaka.

Abinda aka gano yana nuna cewa hotunan Intanet yana da ladabi wanda zai taimakawa jinkirta jinkirta bambanta fiye da sauran ladaran. Saboda haka yana da muhimmanci a bi da batsa a matsayin wani abu mai ban sha'awa a cikin lada, da lalata, da kuma ilimin jaraba da kuma yin amfani da wannan bisa ga mutum da kuma maganin dangantaka.

22) Jin Daɗin Jima'i da Juriyar Rashin Aiki Ya Kayyade Sha'awar Jima'i ta Intanet a Maza 'Yan Luwadi ( Laier et al. , 2015) - [mafi girman sha'awa/hankali] - Karin bayani:

Binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna wata dangantaka tsakanin tsananin cutarwar CyberSex (CA) da alamu na nuna halin jima'i, da kuma cewa halayyar halayen jima'i ya shiga tsakani tsakanin alamomin jima'i da alamun CA. Manufar wannan binciken ita ce gwada wannan matsakanci a cikin samfurin maza masu luwadi. Tambayoyi sun tantance alamun CA, hankali ga sha'awar jima'i, batsa tana amfani da motsa sha'awa, halayyar jima'i matsala, alamu na halin ɗan adam, da halayyar jima'i a rayuwa ta ainihi da kan layi. Haka kuma, mahalarta sun kalli bidiyon batsa kuma sun nuna sha'awarsu ta jima'i kafin da kuma bayan bayyanar bidiyon.

Sakamakon binciken ya nuna dangantaka mai ƙarfi tsakanin alamomin CA da alamomi na sha'awar jima'i da nuna wariyar jima'i, jimre wa halayen jima'i, da alamu na halin tunani. CA bashi da alaƙa da halayyar jima'i ta layi da sakin layi na mako-mako yana amfani da lokaci. Yin fama da halayen jima'i wani ɓangaren ɗan tsakani ne ya sulhunta dangantakar da ke tsakanin sha'awar jima'i da CA. Sakamakon binciken yana da alaƙa da waɗanda aka bayar da rahoto ga maza da mata na maza a cikin binciken da suka gabata kuma ana tattauna su game da asalin tunanin ka'idojin CA, waɗanda ke nuna rawar ingantacciyar ƙarfi da rashin ƙarfi saboda amfani da yanar gizo.

23) Matsayin Kumburin Jijiyoyi a cikin Cututtukan da ke Hawan Jini ( Jokinen et al ., 2016) - [maganin damuwa mara aiki da kumburin jijiyoyi] - Wannan binciken ya ba da rahoton ƙarin matakan da ke yawo a cikin ƙwayoyin cuta na Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) a cikin masu shan jima'i idan aka kwatanta da magunguna masu lafiya. An kuma gano matakan TNF masu yawa (alamar kumburi) a cikin masu shan muggan kwayoyi da dabbobi masu shan muggan kwayoyi (barasa, heroin, meth). Akwai alaƙa mai ƙarfi tsakanin matakan TNF da ma'aunin kimantawa waɗanda ke auna yawan jima'i.

24) Halayyar Jima'i Mai Tilas: Juzu'i na Gaba da Limbic da Hulɗa (Schmidt et al. , 2016) – [da'irorin gaba da rashin aiki da kuma fahimtar juna] – Wannan wani bincike ne na fMRI. Idan aka kwatanta da masu kula da lafiya na CSB (masu shan batsa) sun ƙara girman amygdala na hagu da kuma rage haɗin aiki tsakanin amygdala da dorsolateral prefrontal cortex DLPFC. Rage haɗin aiki tsakanin amygdala da prefrontal cortex ya yi daidai da jarabar abubuwa. Ana tsammanin cewa rashin haɗin kai yana rage ikon prefrontal cortex akan sha'awar mai amfani don shiga cikin halayen jaraba. Wannan binciken ya nuna cewa gubar miyagun ƙwayoyi na iya haifar da ƙarancin launin toka kuma don haka rage girman amygdala a cikin masu shan miyagun ƙwayoyi. Amygdala tana aiki koyaushe yayin kallon batsa, musamman lokacin da aka fara fallasa ta ga alamar jima'i. Wataƙila sabon abu na jima'i da bincike da neman sa yana haifar da tasiri na musamman akan amygdala a cikin masu amfani da batsa masu tilastawa. A madadin haka, shekaru na jarabar batsa da mummunan sakamako masu tsanani suna da matukar damuwa - kuma damuwa ta zamantakewa ta yau da kullun tana da alaƙa da ƙara girman amygdala . Nazarin #16 da ke sama ya gano cewa "masu shan jima'i" suna da tsarin damuwa mai yawa . Shin damuwa ta yau da kullun da ke da alaƙa da jarabar batsa/jima'i, tare da abubuwan da ke sa jima'i ya zama na musamman, zai iya haifar da ƙarar amygdala mafi girma? Wani bayani:

Bincikenmu na yanzu yana nuna ƙaruwar girma a cikin wani yanki da ke da alaƙa da motsin rai da kuma haɗin gwiwa na yanayin hutu na hanyoyin sadarwa na prefrontal sama-ƙasa. Rushewar irin waɗannan hanyoyin sadarwa na iya bayyana yanayin ɗabi'u marasa kyau zuwa ga lada mai kyau ga muhalli ko haɓaka amsawa ga alamun ƙarfafawa masu kyau. Kodayake bincikenmu na girma ya bambanta da waɗanda ke cikin SUD, waɗannan binciken na iya nuna bambance-bambance a matsayin aikin tasirin cutar kansa na shan miyagun ƙwayoyi na yau da kullun. Shaidu masu tasowa sun nuna yiwuwar haɗuwa da tsarin jaraba musamman tallafawa ka'idojin ƙarfafawa. Mun nuna cewa aiki a cikin wannan hanyar sadarwa mai kyau yana ƙaruwa bayan fallasa ga alamun jima'i masu mahimmanci ko waɗanda aka fi so [Brand et al., 2016 ; Seok da Sohn, 2015 ; Voon et al., 2014 ] tare da haɓaka son zuciya [Mechelmans et al., 2014 ] da sha'awar musamman ga alamar jima'i amma ba sha'awar jima'i ta gabaɗaya ba [Brand et al., 2016 ; Voon et al., 2014 ].

Ƙara hankali ga alamun jima'i yana da alaƙa da fifiko ga alamun jima'i don haka yana tabbatar da alaƙar da ke tsakanin yanayin yanayin jima'i da son zuciya [Banca et al., 2016 ]. Waɗannan binciken ayyukan da suka inganta da suka shafi alamomin yanayin jima'i sun bambanta da na sakamakon (ko abin ƙarfafawa mara sharaɗi) wanda ingantaccen ɗabi'a, mai yiwuwa ya yi daidai da ra'ayin haƙuri, yana ƙara fifiko ga sabbin abubuwan motsa jiki na jima'i [Banca et al., 2016 ]. Tare da waɗannan binciken suna taimakawa wajen fayyace tushen ilimin halittar CSB wanda ke haifar da fahimtar cutar da gano alamun warkewa masu yiwuwa.

25) Ayyukan Ventral Striatum Lokacin da ake Kallon Hotunan Batsa da aka Fi So Suna da Alamun Jarabawar Batsa ta Intanet ( Brand et al ., 2016) – [mafi girman amsawa/hankali] – Wani bincike na fMRI na Jamus. Nemo #1: Ayyukan cibiyar lada (ventral striatum) sun fi yawa ga hotunan batsa da aka fi so. Nemo #2: Haɓaka amsawar ventral striatum ya danganta da maki jarabar jima'i ta intanet. Duk binciken sun nuna jan hankali kuma sun daidaita da samfurin jaraba . Marubutan sun bayyana cewa "Tushen jarabar batsa ta intanet yana kama da sauran jaraba." Wani ɓangare:

Ɗaya daga cikin buri na yanar-gizon intanet ne mai amfani da batsa, wanda ake kira cybersex ko bidiyon Intanet. Neuroimaging karatu gano aiki ventilation lokacin da mahalarta kallon hanzari na ainihin jima'i idan aka kwatanta da kayan da ba a bayyana ba. Yanzu munyi zaton cewa sakonni ya kamata ya amsa ya fi son batsa idan aka kwatanta da hotunan batsa da ba a fi sonsa ba kuma ya kamata a yi daidai da aikin da aka yi a cikin wannan bambanci tare da bayyanarwar bayyanar cututtuka na Intanet. Mun yi nazarin 19 mahalarta maza da mata tare da hoton hoto wanda ya hada da abubuwan da suka fi son abin sha'awa.

Hotuna daga ɗakunan da aka fi so suna da ƙari, ƙananan maras kyau, kuma mafi kusa da manufa. Maganar ƙwararrayin motsa jiki ta fi karfi ga yanayin da aka fi so idan aka kwatanta da hotuna waɗanda ba a fi son su ba. Ra'ayin da aka yi a cikin kwakwalwa a cikin wannan bambanci ya kasance daidai da alamun da aka ba da rahoto game da jarabawar Intanet. Maganar bayyanar cututtuka ita ce maɗaukakiyar hangen nesa a cikin rikice-rikice na sharudda tare da amsawar sakonni na kwaskwarima kamar yadda yake dogara da mawuyacin hali da kuma hangen nesa na cin bidiyo na Intanet, cin zarafi na jima'i, halayyar zinare, rashin tausayi, halayyar mutumtaka, da halin jima'i a cikin kwanakin ƙarshe . Sakamakon yana tallafa wa rawar da ake yi don ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa cikin ladaran sakamako da ladaran da aka danganta da abubuwan da ke son batsa. Hanyoyin da ake bukata don samun sakamako a cikin kwakwalwa na iya taimakawa wajen yin bayani game da dalilin da ya sa mutane da wasu abubuwan da suke so da kuma jima'i suna da haɗari don rasa ikon su akan amfani da batsa na Intanit.

26) Canjin Yanayin Sha'awa da Haɗin Jijiyoyi a cikin Abubuwan da ke da Halayyar Jima'i Mai Tilasta ( Klucken et al. , 2016) – [mafi girman amsawa/hankali da kuma da'irorin prefrontal marasa aiki] – Wannan binciken fMRI na Jamus ya kwafi manyan bincike guda biyu daga Voon et al., 2014 da Kuhn & Gallinat 2014. Babban Sakamakon: An canza alaƙar jijiyoyi na yanayin sha'awa da haɗin jijiyoyi a cikin ƙungiyar CSB. A cewar masu binciken, canjin farko - ƙara yawan kunnawar amygdala - na iya nuna sauƙin sha'awa (babban "wayoyi" zuwa alamun da ba su da tsaka-tsaki a baya suna hasashen hotunan batsa). Canji na biyu - raguwar haɗin kai tsakanin ventral striatum da prefrontal cortex - na iya zama alamar rashin iya sarrafa motsin rai.

Masu binciken sun ce, "Waɗannan [sauye-sauye] sun yi daidai da sauran nazarin da ke binciken alaƙar jijiyoyi na cututtukan jaraba da ƙarancin sarrafa motsin rai." Sakamakon ƙarin kunna amygdalar ga alamun ( hankali ) da raguwar haɗin kai tsakanin cibiyar lada da prefrontal cortex ( hypofrontality ) sune manyan canje-canjen kwakwalwa guda biyu da aka gani a cikin jarabar miyagun ƙwayoyi. Bugu da ƙari, 3 daga cikin masu amfani da batsa 20 masu tilastawa sun sha wahala daga "rashin lafiyar orgasmic-erection." Wani ɓangare:

Bugu da ƙari, lura ya kara aiki na amygdala da kuma rage haɗin gwiwar kwakwalwa na PFC guda daya ya ba da damar yin bayani akan ilimin ilimin halitta da kuma maganin CSB. Wadanda ke tare da CSB sun fi dacewa su kafa ƙungiyoyi tsakanin ra'ayoyin da ba daidai ba da kuma matsalolin muhalli. Saboda haka, waɗannan batutuwa sun fi dacewa da haɗuwa da ra'ayoyinsu da ke nuna halin haɗuwa. Ko wannan yana kaiwa ga CSB ko sakamakon CSB dole ne bincike ta gaba zai amsa masa. Bugu da ƙari, tsarin tafiyar da bala'i, wanda aka nuna a cikin haɗin gwiwar ƙaddamarwa na gaba-gaba-gaba, zai iya taimakawa wajen tabbatar da halin rashin matsala.

27) Tilastawa a Faɗin Amfani da Miyagun Kwayoyi da Lada mara Magani ta Hanyar da Ba ta Dace da Muhalli ( Banca et al. , 2016) – [mafi girman amsawa/hankali, ingantattun amsoshi masu dacewa] – Wannan binciken fMRI na Jami'ar Cambridge ya kwatanta fannoni na tilastawa a cikin masu shan giya, masu cin abinci mai yawa, masu jarabar wasan bidiyo da masu jarabar batsa (CSB). Karin bayani:

Sabanin sauran cututtuka, CSB idan aka kwatanta da HV sun nuna saurin samun sakamako don samun sakamako tare da ƙarin juriya a cikin yanayin lada ba tare da la'akari da sakamako ba. Waɗanda ke cikin CSB ba su nuna wani takamaiman lahani a cikin canjin saiti ko koyo na juyawa ba. Waɗannan binciken sun haɗu da bincikenmu na baya na haɓaka fifiko ga abubuwan da ke haifar da sakamako na jima'i ko na kuɗi, gabaɗaya suna nuna haɓaka jin daɗin lada ( Banca et al., 2016 ). An nuna ƙarin nazarin da ke amfani da lada mai mahimmanci.

28) Sha'awar Batsa da Ilmantarwa ta Haɗin gwiwa Tana Hasashen Halin da Ake Ciki Game da Sha'awar Batsa ta Intanet a cikin Samfurin Masu Amfani da Batsa ta Intanet na Kullum ( Snagkowski et al. , 2016) - [mafi girman amsawa/hankali, ingantattun amsoshi masu dacewa] - Wannan binciken na musamman ya tsara wa mutane siffofi marasa tsaka-tsaki, waɗanda suka annabta bayyanar hoton batsa. Karin bayani:

Babu wata yarjejeniya game da ka'idodin binciken da ake amfani da su na yanar gizo na cybersex. Wasu hanyoyi sun hada da kamantattun abubuwan da suka dace, don abin da haɗin kai ya zama muhimmin mahimmanci. A cikin wannan binciken, 86 mazaje maza da maza sun kammala wani misali na Pavlovian zuwa Taswirar Canjin Abincin wanda aka gyara tare da hotunan hotuna don bincika ilimin haɗin gwiwar yin amfani da ilimin cybersex. Bugu da ƙari, ƙin sha'awar zuciya saboda kallon hotunan hotuna da halayen haɗarin cybersex an tantance su. Sakamakon ya nuna wani tasiri na sha'awar sha'awa game da halin da ake ciki game da cin hanci da rashawa na yanar gizo, ta hanyar jagoranci ta hanyar koyo.

Gabaɗaya, waɗannan binciken suna nuna mahimmancin aikin ilmantarwa na haɓaka don haɓakar jarabawar yanar gizo, yayin samar da ƙarin tabbaci mai ƙarfi don kamance tsakanin abubuwan da ke tattare da maye. A takaice, sakamakon binciken na yanzu yana nuna cewa ilmantarwa na iya haɗa muhimmiyar rawa dangane da haɓakar cutar siga ta yanar gizo. Abubuwan da muka samo sun ba da ƙarin tabbaci don kamance tsakanin jarabar intanet da abubuwan dogaro da abubuwa tun lokacin da aka nuna tasirin sha'awar batun tunani da koyan haɗin kai.

29) Canje-canje a yanayi bayan kallon batsa a Intanet suna da alaƙa da alamun rashin lafiyar kallon batsa ta Intanet ( Laier & Brand, 2016) - [ƙarin sha'awa/hankali, ƙarancin so] - Karin bayani:

Babban sakamakon binciken shine cewa abubuwanda ake nufi da Cutar Tattaunawar Intanit (IPD) suna haɗuwa da mummunan jin daɗi, farkawa, da natsuwa gami da dacewa da hangen nesa a rayuwar yau da kullun da kuma motsawar amfani da batsa ta Intanet dangane da neman sha'awa. da nisantar motsin rai. Bugu da ƙari, halayen zuwa IPD suna da alaƙa da mummunan yanayi kafin da bayan kallon hotunan batsa na Intanet da haɓaka ainihin kyakkyawan yanayi da nutsuwa.

An daidaita alaƙar da ke tsakanin sha'awar IPD da kuma neman farin ciki saboda amfani da batsa ta Intanet ta hanyar kimanta gamsuwar inzali da aka samu. Gabaɗaya, sakamakon binciken ya yi daidai da hasashen cewa IPD yana da alaƙa da sha'awar neman gamsuwar jima'i da kuma gujewa ko jure wa motsin rai da ke motsawa da kuma zato cewa canje-canjen yanayi bayan shan batsa suna da alaƙa da IPD ( Cooper et al., 1999 da Laier and Brand, 2014 ).

30) Matsalolin halayen jima'i a cikin matasa: Haɗuwa tsakanin masu canjin asibiti, halaye, da kuma masu canjin yanayin jijiyoyi (2016) - [rashin aikin zartarwa mafi kyau] - Mutanen da ke da Matsalolin Halayen Jima'i (PSB) sun nuna ƙarancin fahimtar jijiyoyi da yawa. Waɗannan binciken sun nuna rashin aikin zartarwa mai kyau (hypofrontality) wanda shine babban fasalin kwakwalwa da ke faruwa a cikin masu shan miyagun ƙwayoyi . Wasu kaɗan daga cikinsu:

Wani muhimmin sakamako daga wannan bincike shi ne cewa PSB ta nuna ƙungiyoyi masu mahimmanci tare da wasu dalilai na asibiti mai mahimmanci, ciki har da darajar girman kansu, rage yawan rayuwar rayuwa, BMI hawanta, da kuma mafi girma yawan tarurruka don yawancin cuta ...

... yana iya yiwuwar cewa siffofin da aka gano a cikin ƙungiyar PSB sun kasance sakamakon sakamako mai mahimmanci wanda ya haifar da PSB da sauran siffofi na asibiti. Ɗaya daga cikin matakan da za a iya cika wannan tasirin zai iya zama ƙananan ƙarancin da aka gano a cikin kungiyar PSB, musamman ma wadanda suka danganci ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, motsa jiki / motsa jiki, da kuma yanke shawara. Daga wannan halayyar, yana yiwuwa a gano matsalolin da ke faruwa a PSB da kuma ƙarin fasali na asibiti, irin su dysregulation na tunanin, zuwa gaggarun ƙaura ...

Idan matsalolin da aka gano a cikin wannan bincike su ne ainihin siffar PSB, wannan yana iya samun muhimman abubuwan da ke cikin asibiti.

31) Methylation na Kwayoyin Halitta Masu Alaƙa da HPA Axis a cikin Maza Masu Ciwon Jima'i ( Jokinen et al ., 2017) – [amsawar damuwa mara aiki, canje-canjen epigenetic] – Wannan bibiyar #16 ne a sama wanda ya gano cewa masu shan jima'i suna da tsarin damuwa mara aiki - babban canjin neuro-endocrine wanda jaraba ke haifarwa. Binciken da aka yi a yanzu ya gano canje-canjen epigenetic akan kwayoyin halitta da ke tsakiyar martanin damuwa na ɗan adam kuma yana da alaƙa da jaraba. Tare da canje-canjen epigenetic, jerin DNA ba ya canzawa (kamar yadda yake faruwa da maye gurbi). Madadin haka, ana yiwa kwayar halittar alama kuma ana juya bayyanarta sama ko ƙasa ( ɗan gajeren bidiyo yana bayanin epigenetics ). Canje-canjen epigenetic da aka ruwaito a cikin wannan binciken ya haifar da canjin aikin kwayar halittar CRF. CRF wani neurotransmitter ne da hormone wanda ke haifar da halaye masu jaraba kamar sha'awa, kuma babban ɗan wasa ne a cikin yawancin alamun janyewa da aka fuskanta dangane da jarabar abu da ɗabi'a , gami da jarabar batsa.

32) Binciken Alaƙar da ke Tsakanin Tilasta Jima'i da Nuna Bambanci ga Kalmomi Masu Alaƙa da Jima'i a cikin Tawagar Mutane Masu Aiki da Jima'i ( Albery et al. , 2017) - [mafi girman amsawa/hankali, rage hankali] - Wannan binciken ya kwaikwayi sakamakon wannan binciken Jami'ar Cambridge na 2014 , wanda ya kwatanta nuna bambanci ga masu sha'awar batsa da kuma kula da lafiya. Ga abin da ke sabo: Binciken ya haɗa "shekarun jima'i" da 1) maki na jarabar jima'i da kuma 2) sakamakon aikin nuna bambanci.

Daga cikin waɗanda suka fi samun maki mai yawa a jarabar jima'i, ƙarancin shekaru na ƙwarewar jima'i yana da alaƙa da ƙarin son zuciya ( bayanin son zuciya ). Don haka mafi girman maki na tilasta jima'i + ƙarancin shekaru na ƙwarewar jima'i = manyan alamun jaraba (ƙarin son zuciya, ko tsangwama). Amma son zuciya yana raguwa sosai a cikin masu amfani da tilastawa, kuma yana ɓacewa a mafi girman adadin shekarun ƙwarewar jima'i. Marubutan sun kammala da cewa wannan sakamakon na iya nuna cewa ƙarin shekaru na "aikin tilasta jima'i" yana haifar da ƙarin halaye ko kuma rage yawan amsawar jin daɗi gaba ɗaya (rage hankali). Wani ɓangare daga ƙarshe:

Ayan bayani mai yiwuwa don waɗannan sakamako shine cewa yayin da mutum ke yin jima'i na tilastawa mutum cikin halin tilastawa, yanayin da ake ciki yana yin haɓaka [36-38] kuma a tsawon lokaci, ana buƙatar ƙarin halin haɓaka don matakin daidai na motsa jiki. An kara jayayya cewa yayin da mutum ya shiga cikin halin tilastawa, neuropathways ya zama mai yanke kauna zuwa ga abubuwan da aka saba dasu na 'jima'i' ko hotuna da kuma daidaikun mutane sun canza zuwa 'matsanancin' motsa rai don cimma burin da ake so. Wannan yayi daidai da aikin da ke nuna cewa 'lafiyayyen' maza sun zama mazaunin mazaunin bayyananniyar lokaci kuma wannan halayen yana nunawa ta hanyar ragewa da ciwuka masu ɗaci [39].

Wannan yana nuna cewa ƙarin tilastawa, mahalarta masu aiki da jima'i sun zama 'kima' ko kuma ba su kula da 'kalmomin da aka saba da su na jima'i da aka yi amfani da su a cikin binciken yanzu kuma kamar wannan nuni ya rage nuna bambanci, yayin da waɗanda ke da haɓakawa da ƙarancin ƙwarewa har yanzu sun nuna tsangwama. saboda abin da yake motsawa shine ya kara samar da hankali.

33) Ayyukan Gudanarwa na Maza Masu Tilasta Jima'i da Marasa Tilasta Kafin da Bayan Kallon Bidiyon Batsa ( Messina et al ., 2017) - [rashin aikin zartarwa mai kyau, ƙarin sha'awa/hankali] - Bayyanar da ayyukan zartarwa na batsa suka shafi maza masu "halayen jima'i na tilasta," amma ba masu kula da lafiya ba. Rashin aikin zartarwa mai kyau lokacin da aka fallasa shi ga alamun da suka shafi jaraba alama ce ta rikice-rikicen miyagun ƙwayoyi (yana nuna duka da'irorin farko da aka canza ). Karin bayani:

Wannan bincike yana nuna mafi alhẽri a hankali bayan haɓakar jima'i ta hanyar sarrafawa idan aka kwatanta da masu halartar masu jima'i. Wadannan bayanan sun goyi bayan ra'ayin cewa maza masu tilasta wa jima'i kada suyi amfani da yiwuwar ilmantarwa daga kwarewa, wanda zai iya haifar da gyaran halayya mafi kyau. Hakanan za'a iya fahimtar wannan a matsayin rashin ilimin ilmantarwa ta hanyar rukuni mai jima'i lokacin da suke jima'i da jima'i, kama da abin da ke faruwa a sake zagayowar jima'i da jima'i, wanda ya fara tare da yawancin jima'i na jima'i, sannan ya fara yin jima'i rubuce-rubuce da kuma togas, sau da yawa shafukan daukan hotuna zuwa yanayi mai hatsari.

34) Shin Batsa Zai Iya Zama Mai Sha'awa? Nazarin FMRI Kan Maza Masu Neman Maganin Amfani da Batsa Mai Matsaloli ( Gola et al ., 2017) – [mafi girman amsawa/hankali, ingantattun amsoshi masu dacewa] – Nazarin fMRI wanda ya shafi wani tsari na musamman na amsawar alama inda siffofi marasa tsaka-tsaki suka annabta bayyanar hotunan batsa. Karin bayani:

Maza masu amfani da batsa masu matsala da waɗanda ba su da matsala (PPU) sun bambanta a cikin martanin kwakwalwa ga alamun da ke hasashen hotunan batsa, amma ba a cikin martanin hotunan batsa da kansu ba, daidai da ka'idar ƙarfafawa ta jaraba . Wannan kunnawar kwakwalwa yana tare da ƙarin motsawar ɗabi'a don kallon hotunan batsa (mafi girma 'so'). Amsawar ventral striatal don alamun da ke hasashen hotunan batsa yana da alaƙa da tsananin PPU, adadin amfani da batsa a kowane mako da adadin al'aura na mako-mako. Bincikenmu ya nuna cewa kamar a cikin cututtukan amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi da caca, hanyoyin jijiyoyi da halaye da ke da alaƙa da aiwatar da alamun suna da mahimmanci ga fasalulluka masu dacewa na asibiti na PPU. Waɗannan binciken sun nuna cewa PPU na iya wakiltar jarabar ɗabi'a kuma cewa tsoma baki da ke taimakawa wajen niyya jarabar ɗabi'a da miyagun ƙwayoyi yana buƙatar la'akari don daidaitawa da amfani da su wajen taimaka wa maza masu PPU.

35) Matakan Motsin Rai da Rashin Sani: Shin Suna Bambanta da Yawan Amfani da Batsa? ( Kunaharan et al. , 2017) – [halayya ko rashin jin daɗi] – Bincike ya tantance martanin masu amfani da batsa (karatun EEG & Amsar Farawa) ga hotuna daban-daban masu haifar da motsin rai - gami da batsa. Binciken ya gano bambance-bambance da dama tsakanin masu amfani da batsa masu ƙarancin mita da masu amfani da batsa masu yawan mita. Karin bayani:

Sakamakon ya nuna cewa ƙara yin amfani da batsa ya nuna cewa yana da tasiri a kan halin da ake ciki na kwakwalwa ba tare da nuna damuwa ba ga abubuwan da ya faru da halayyar kwakwalwa wanda ba a nuna ta ba.

4.1. Ƙimar da Aka Bayyana: Abin sha'awa, ƙungiyar masu amfani da batsa masu yawa ta kimanta hotunan batsa a matsayin waɗanda suka fi rashin daɗi fiye da ƙungiyar masu amfani da matsakaici. Marubutan sun ba da shawarar cewa wannan na iya kasancewa saboda yanayin "mai laushi" na hotunan "marasa sha'awa" da ke cikin bayanan IAPS ba su samar da matakin ƙarfafawa da yawanci suke nema ba, kamar yadda Harper da Hodgins [ 58 ] suka nuna cewa tare da yawan kallon abubuwan batsa, mutane da yawa sukan shiga kallon abubuwa masu ƙarfi don kiyaye irin wannan matakin ƙarfafawa na jiki.

Rukunin motsin rai na "mai daɗi" ya ga ƙimar valence ta dukkan ƙungiyoyi uku sun yi kama da juna, yayin da ƙungiyar da ake amfani da ita sosai ta kimanta hotunan a matsayin ɗan rashin daɗi a matsakaici fiye da sauran ƙungiyoyi. Wannan na iya sake kasancewa saboda hotunan "mai daɗi" da aka gabatar ba su da isasshen abin ƙarfafawa ga mutanen da ke cikin ƙungiyar da ake amfani da su sosai. Nazarin ya nuna raguwar yanayin jiki a cikin sarrafa abubuwan da ke ci saboda tasirin ɗabi'a a cikin mutanen da ke neman abubuwan batsa akai-akai [ 3 , 7 , 8 ]. Hujjar marubutan ita ce wannan tasirin na iya zama sanadin sakamakon da aka lura.

4.3. Tsarin Gyaran Tunani na Farko (SRM): Waɗanda ke cikin ƙungiyar na iya bayyana tasirin girgiza mai girma da aka gani a cikin ƙungiyoyin amfani da batsa masu ƙarancin girma da matsakaici, domin suna iya ganin hakan ya fi muni. A madadin haka, sakamakon da aka samu kuma yana iya kasancewa saboda tasirin ɗabi'a, inda mutane a cikin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi ke kallon batsa fiye da yadda suka bayyana a sarari - wataƙila saboda dalilan kunya da sauransu, kamar yadda aka nuna tasirin ɗabi'a yana ƙara martanin ƙyaftawar ido [ 41 , 42 ].

36) Fuskantar Abubuwan da ke Haifar da Jima'i Yana Haifar da Rage Ragewa Mai Yawa Wanda Ke Haifar da Ƙara Shiga Cikin Lalacewar Intanet Tsakanin Maza ( Cheng & Chiou , 2017) – [rashin aikin zartarwa mai kyau, ƙarin sha'awa - gwajin dalili] – A cikin bincike biyu, fallasa abubuwan da ke haifar da sha'awa ta hanyar jima'i ya haifar da: 1) rage jinkiri (rage gamsuwa), 2) ƙarin sha'awa ta shiga cikin laifukan yanar gizo, 3) ƙarin sha'awa ta siyan kayan jabu da kuma kutse a asusun Facebook na wani. Idan aka haɗa wannan, yana nuna cewa amfani da batsa yana ƙara sha'awa kuma yana iya rage wasu ayyukan zartarwa (kame kai, hukunci, hango sakamakon, sarrafa sha'awa).

Mutane sukan fuskanci matsalolin jima'i yayin amfani da Intanet. Bincike ya nuna cewa ciwon da zai haifar da halayyar jima'i zai iya haifar da rashin ƙarfi ga mutane, kamar yadda aka nuna a mafi yawan lokuta (watau, yanayin da ya fi dacewa da karami, samun ci gaba ga mafi girma, nan gaba).

A ƙarshe, sakamakon yanzu yana nuna ƙungiya tsakanin jima'i (misali, ɗaukan hotuna ga hotuna na mata masu jima'i ko zubar da halayyar jima'i) da kuma halayyar maza a cikin cin zarafin cyber. Abubuwan da muka gano sun nuna cewa rashin hankali da karfin jiki na namiji, kamar yadda aka nuna ta wurin tsaftacewar lokaci, yana da sauƙi ga rashin nasara a fuskar matsalolin jima'i. Mutane na iya amfani da su daga saka idanu ko bayyanar da matsalolin jima'i yana hade da zaɓuɓɓuka da halayen da suka dace. Abubuwan da muka gano sun nuna cewa magance matsalolin jima'i zai iya janyo hankalin mutane a hanyar hanyar yin amfani da cyber delinquency

Sakamakon yanzu yana nuna cewa samuwa mai yawa na jima'i a cikin tashoshin yanar gizon yanar gizo na iya kasancewa da haɗari da halayen cyber-behaviors na maza kamar yadda aka yi tunanin.

37) Masu Hasashen Amfani da Intanet (Matsala) Abubuwan da ke Bayyanar Jima'i: Matsayin Halayya Motsa Jiki da Tsarin Kai Tsaye Zuwa ga Abubuwan da ke Bayyanar Jima'i ( Stark et al. , 2017) - [mafi girman amsawa/hankali/sha'awa] - Karin bayani:

Binciken da aka yi a yanzu ya binciko ko zane-zane na jima'i da kuma abubuwan da ke tattare da jima'i sune masu hangen nesa na magance matsalar SEM da kuma lokutan yau da kullum suna kallon SEM. A cikin gwajin halayyar, mun yi amfani da Taskoki-Avoidance Task (AAT) don auna ƙaddamar da hankali game da jima'i. Kyakkyawan daidaituwa tsakanin daidaitattun tsarin kulawa da SEM da lokacin da ake amfani dasu akan kallon SEM zai iya bayyanawa ta hanyar illa mai ban sha'awa: Tsarin dabi'a mai kyau wanda za'a iya fassara shi a matsayin kula da hankali ga SEM. Wani batun tare da wannan tsinkaya na hankali zai iya janyo hankali ga labarun jima'i akan yanar-gizon da ke haifar da yawan lokaci da aka kashe akan shafukan SEM.

38) Gano Sha'awar Batsa ta hanyar amfani da Tsarin Kwamfuta na Jijiyoyin Jiki ( Kamaruddin et al., 2018) - Karin bayani:

A cikin wannan takarda, wata hanyar yin amfani da siginar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya daga yankin da aka yi amfani da ita ta amfani da EEG an ba da shawara don gano ko mai halarta zai iya yin jaraba na batsa ko in ba haka ba. Yana aiki ne a matsayin matakan dacewa da tambayoyin tambayoyin mutum. Sakamakon gwaji ya nuna cewa mahalarta masu haɗari suna da ƙananan aiki na ragowar alpha a cikin kwakwalwar kwakwalwa idan aka kwatanta da mahalarta ba'a. Ana iya kiyaye ta ta amfani da hasken wutar da aka ƙidaya ta amfani da Ƙaddamarwar Yanayin Electromagnetic Tsarin (LORETA). Har ila yau, ƙungiyar ta nuna cewa akwai rashin bambanci a tsakanin wadanda suka kamu da kamu da marasa lafiya. Duk da haka, bambancin ba kamar yadda yake a matsayin harufan haruffa ba.

39) Rashin sinadarin launin toka da kuma canjin yanayin hutawa a cikin mafi girman gyrus na lokaci tsakanin mutanen da ke da matsalar halayyar jima'i ( Seok & Sohn , 2018) - [rashin sinadarin toka a cikin cortex na lokaci, rashin haɗin aiki mara kyau tsakanin cortex na lokaci da precuneus & caudate] - Wani bincike na fMRI wanda ya kwatanta masu shan jima'i da aka tantance da kyau ("halayyar jima'i mai matsala") da masu kula da lafiya. Idan aka kwatanta da masu shan jima'i da aka sarrafa sun sami: 1) rage launin toka a cikin lobes na lokaci (yankuna da ke da alaƙa da hana sha'awar jima'i); 2) rage haɗin aikin precuneus zuwa cortex na lokaci (na iya nuna rashin daidaituwa a cikin ikon canza hankali); 3) rage haɗin aikin caudate zuwa cortex na lokaci (na iya hana sarrafa sha'awa daga sama zuwa ƙasa). Karin bayani:

Wadannan binciken sun nuna cewa lalata tsarin aiki a cikin gyrus na jiki da gyaran haɗin aiki a tsakanin gyrus na musamman da wasu yankunan (watau prentaus da caudate) zasu iya taimakawa wajen damuwa a cikin rashin hana tayar da hankalin jima'i a cikin mutane da PHB. Sabili da haka, waɗannan sakamakon sun nuna cewa canje-canje a tsarin da haɗin aiki a cikin gyrus na cikin gida zai iya kasancewa siffofin PHB kuma yana iya kasancewa 'yan takara masu cin gashin kansu don ganewa na PHB.

An yi amfani da kwayoyin grey a cikin takaddun ƙwayar cuta da kuma haɗuwa da haɗin gwanin hagu tare da hagu na STG. Sabili da haka, yana yiwuwa karuwar ƙwayar launin toka da haɗin aiki a cikin cerebellum an hade da halayyar tilas a cikin mutane da PHB.

A takaitaccen bayani, Binciken VBM na yanzu da kuma aikin binciken haɗin aiki ya nuna ƙarancin matsala da kuma canza haɗin aiki a cikin gyrus na cikin mutane da PHB. Mafi mahimmanci, tsarin haɓaka da haɗin aikin aiki an haɗa shi da mummunar ƙwayar PHB. Wadannan binciken sun samar da sababbin abubuwan da suka dace a cikin hanyoyin da ake amfani dashi na PHB.

40) Halin da ake ciki game da matsalar amfani da batsa ta intanet: Bambanci a tsakanin maza da mata game da nuna son kai ga abubuwan da ke haifar da batsa ( Pekal et al ., 2018) - [mafi girman amsawa/hankali, haɓaka sha'awa]. Karin bayani:

 Yawancin marubuta sunyi la'akari da rikicewar amfani da batsa na Intanit (IPD) azaman rikicewar jaraba. Ofaya daga cikin hanyoyin da aka yi nazari sosai game da rikice-rikice da rashin amfani da kayan abu shine haɓaka ƙyamar kulawa game da alamun da suka shafi jaraba. An bayyana nuna banbanci a matsayin tsari na hankali na fahimtar mutum wanda ya shafi alaƙar da ke tattare da jita-jita wanda ya haifar da jin daɗin haɓaka na abin da kansa. An ɗauka a cikin samfurin I-PACE cewa a cikin mutane masu saurin haɓaka alamun IPD abubuwan da ke tattare da fahimta da haɓaka-amsawa da sha'awar tasowa da haɓaka cikin tsarin jaraba. Don bincika rawar son zuciya a cikin ci gaban IPD, mun bincika samfurin 174 maza da mata mahalarta. An auna banbancin hankali tare da Tasirin Binciken Bincike, wanda mahalarta zasu amsa kan kibiyoyin da ke bayyana bayan hotunan batsa ko tsaka tsaki.

Kari akan haka, mahalarta taron sun nuna alamun sha'awar jima'i ta hanyar hotunan batsa. Bugu da ƙari, an auna sha'awar zuwa IPD ta amfani da Testan Jarrabawar Jaririn Internetarancin Internetsex. Sakamakon wannan binciken ya nuna dangantaka tsakanin banbancin hankali da tsananin tsananin IPD wanda ya shiga tsakani ya nuna wa masu nuna ra'ayi da kwadayi. Yayinda maza da mata gaba ɗaya suka bambanta a cikin lokutan amsawa saboda hotunan batsa, wani bincike na ƙuntatawa na sassauci ya nuna cewa nuna banbanci yana faruwa ba tare da jima'i ba a cikin yanayin abubuwan alamu na IPD. Sakamakon binciken ya goyi bayan zaton ka'idodin tsarin I-PACE dangane da abubuwan kara kuzari da ke da nasaba da abubuwan da suka shafi kwayoyi kuma sun yi daidai da karatun da ake yi game da sake dawo da aiki da kuma matsalar rashin amfani da abubuwa.

41) Canza Ayyukan Gaba da Gaba da na Ƙasa na Parietal Yayin Aiki na Stroop ga Mutane Masu Matsalolin Halayyar Jima'i ( Seok & Sohn, 2018) - [rashin kyawun kulawar zartarwa - lalacewar aikin PFC]. Karin bayani:

Evidenceididdigar shaida tana nuna alaƙar dangantaka tsakanin halayyar rashin lafiyan ɗabi'a (PHB) da rage ikon gudanarwa. Karatuttukan asibiti sun nuna cewa mutane masu PHB suna nuna matukar ƙarfin halin rayuwa; kodayake, ba a san komai ba game da hanyoyin dabarun lalacewa da ke gudana a cikin PHB. Wannan binciken yayi bincike game da mahimmancin ikon gudanarwa a cikin daidaikun mutane da PHB da kuma ingantattun kula ta amfani da abin da ya danganci ɗaukar yanayin aiki na maganadisu (fMRI).

Mutane ashirin da uku waɗanda ke cikin PHB da masu halartar kula da lafiya 22 sun sami fMRI yayin aiwatar da aikin Stroop. An auna lokacin amsawa da ƙudurin kuskure azaman misalign alamun ikon sarrafawa. Mutane daya-daya tare da PHB sun nuna rashin ingancin aiki da ƙananan kunnawa a madaidaiciya dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) da ƙasa mai ƙarfi parietal cortex mai dangantaka da sarrafawar lafiya yayin aikin Stroop. Bugu da kari, amsoshin matakin-oxygen na jini a wadannan yankuna sunyi alakar cutar da PHB. DLPFC madaidaiciya da bazuwar gamaetal bazu suna da alaƙa da iko na hankali mai ƙarfi da hankali na gani, bi da bi. Abubuwan da muka samo sun nuna cewa mutane masu PHB sun rage ikon gudanarwa da aiki mara kyau a cikin DLPFC madaidaiciya da ƙananan ƙira na parietal, suna ba da tushen asali don PHB.

42) Halayya da sha'awar jiki ga maza waɗanda ke da sha'awar rashin amfani da batsa ta intanet ( Antons & Brand , 2018) - [sha'awar da aka inganta, yanayin da ya fi girma da sha'awar hali]. Karin bayani:

Sakamako ya nuna cewa haɗin kai yana haɗuwa tare da mafi girma alama ta rashin lafiya na Intanet (IPD). Musamman mazanin maza da matsanancin hali ba tare da kwantar da hankulan su ba a cikin yanayin batsa na tashar tashar tashoshi da kuma wadanda ke da halayen haɗari masu zurfin gaske sun nuna alamun bayyanar cutar IPD.

Sakamakon ya nuna cewa duka halayen da sha'awar yanayi suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka IPD. Dangane da samfuran jaraba masu tsari biyu , sakamakon na iya nuna rashin daidaito tsakanin tsarin motsa jiki da tunani wanda abubuwan batsa za su iya haifarwa. Wannan na iya haifar da rashin iko akan amfani da batsa ta Intanet duk da cewa yana fuskantar mummunan sakamako.

43) Fasahohin sha'awa da sauran abubuwan da suka shafi hakan sun bambanta tsakanin amfani da batsa ta intanet na nishaɗi da rashin tsari ( Stephanie et al ., 2019) - [haɓaka sha'awa, rage jinkiri (hypofrontality), al'ada]. Karin bayani:

Saboda yanayinsa mai kyau, batsa ta intanet (IP) wani abu ne da aka riga aka ƙaddara don halayen jaraba. An gano gine-ginen da suka shafi sha'awa a matsayin masu haɓaka halayen jaraba. A cikin wannan binciken, mun bincika halaye na sha'awa (sha'awar hali, rage jinkiri, da salon fahimta), sha'awar IP, hali game da IP, da salon jurewa a cikin mutane masu amfani da IP na nishaɗi-lokaci-lokaci, nishaɗi-yawa-yawa, da kuma waɗanda ba a tsara su ba. An gano ƙungiyoyin mutane masu amfani da nishaɗi-lokaci-lokaci ( n = 333), amfani da nishaɗi-yawa-yawa ( n = 394), da amfani mara tsari ( n = 225) na IP ta hanyar kayan aikin tantancewa.

Mutanen da ke da amfani ba tare da izini ba sun nuna mafi girman maki don sha'awar sha'awa, rashin hankali, jinkirta ragi, da ƙwarewar aiki, da mafi ƙarancin sakamako don jimrewar aiki da buƙata don sani. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa wasu fuskokin impulsivity da abubuwan da suka danganci su kamar sha'awa da kuma mummunan ra'ayi sun kasance takamaiman ga masu amfani da IP marasa tsari. Sakamakon kuma yayi daidai da samfura akan takamaiman amfani da Intanet da halayen jaraba….

Bugu da ƙari, mutanen da ke amfani da IP mara tsari suna da mummunan ra'ayi game da IP idan aka kwatanta da masu amfani da nishaɗi da yawa. Wannan sakamakon na iya nuna cewa mutanen da ke amfani da IP mara tsari suna da babban dalili ko sha'awar amfani da IP, kodayake suna iya haɓaka mummunan ra'ayi game da amfani da IP, wataƙila saboda sun riga sun fuskanci mummunan sakamako da ke da alaƙa da tsarin amfani da IP ɗinsu. Wannan ya yi daidai da ka'idar ƙarfafawa-hankali na jaraba ( Berridge & Robinson, 2016 ), wanda ke ba da shawarar sauyawa daga so zuwa so yayin jaraba.

Wani ƙarin sakamako mai ban sha'awa shi ne cewa girman tasirin da aka samu na tsawon lokacin gwaje-gwajen bayan-hoc a cikin mintuna a kowace zaman, lokacin da aka kwatanta masu amfani da ba a tsara su ba da masu amfani da nishaɗi akai-akai, ya fi girma idan aka kwatanta da mita a mako. Wannan na iya nuna cewa mutanen da ke amfani da IP mara tsari musamman suna da wahalar daina kallon IP a lokacin zaman ko kuma suna buƙatar lokaci mai tsawo don cimma ladar da ake so, wanda zai iya zama daidai da nau'in haƙuri a cikin matsalolin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi. Wannan ya yi daidai da sakamakon da aka samu daga kimantawar diary, wanda ya nuna cewa yawan batsa yana ɗaya daga cikin halaye mafi halayya a cikin maza masu neman magani tare da halayen jima'i na tilas ( Wordecha et al., 2018 ).

44) Tsarin nuna son kai ga abubuwan da ke motsa sha'awa ga ɗaliban kwaleji maza maza da mata waɗanda ke amfani da batsa ( Skyler et al. , 2019) - [ƙarin hanyar nuna son kai (hangen nesa)]. Karin bayani:

Sakamakon ya goyi bayan hasashen cewa ɗaliban kwaleji maza maza da ke amfani da batsa suna da sauri wajen kusantar juna fiye da guje wa abubuwan da ke motsa sha'awa yayin aikin AAT….. Waɗannan binciken sun kuma yi daidai da ayyuka da yawa na SRC da ke nuna cewa mutanen da ke shan jaraba suna nuna halin da ake ciki na kusantar juna maimakon guje wa abubuwan da ke motsa sha'awa ( Bradley et al., 2004 ; Field et al., 2006 , 2008 ).

Gabaɗaya, binciken da aka bayar ya nuna cewa kusanci don matsalolin jaraba na iya zama saurin sauri ko shirye-shirye fiye da gujewa, wanda za a iya bayanin sa ta hanyar yin hulɗa da wasu abubuwan da ke haifar da halayyar halayyar halayyar addic .. Bugu da ƙari, jimillar jimla a kan BPS an daidaita ta da kusanci nuna bambanci, yana nuna cewa mafi tsananin tsananin amfani da batsa, ya fi ƙarfin matakin kusanci don matsalolin tashin hankali. Wannan ƙungiyar ta ci gaba da tallafawa ta hanyar sakamakon da ke ba da shawarar cewa mutanen da ke da matsala masu amfani da batsa, kamar yadda PPUS ya tsara, ya nuna fiye da ƙimar 200% mafi kusantar nuna son kai don matsalolin ɓarna idan aka kwatanta da mutane ba tare da amfani da batsa ba.

Idan aka haɗa su wuri ɗaya, sakamakon ya nuna cewa akwai kamanceceniya tsakanin jarabar abubuwa da ɗabi'a ( Grant et al., 2010 ). Amfani da batsa (musamman amfani da matsala) yana da alaƙa da hanyoyin da suka fi sauri don motsa sha'awa fiye da motsa jiki tsaka-tsaki, wata hanyar nuna son kai kamar wacce aka gani a cikin matsalolin amfani da barasa ( Field et al., 2008 ; Wiers et al., 2011 ), amfani da cannabis ( Cousijn et al., 2011 ; Field et al., 2006 ), da kuma matsalolin amfani da taba ( Bradley et al., 2004 ). Haɗuwa tsakanin siffofin fahimta da hanyoyin jijiyoyi da ke da alaƙa da jarabar abubuwa da kuma amfani da batsa mai matsala da alama yana yiwuwa, wanda ya yi daidai da binciken da ya gabata ( Kowalewska et al., 2018 ; Stark et al., 2018 ).

45) Ragewar microRNA-4456 da ke da alaƙa da hypermethylation a cikin rashin lafiyar jima'i tare da tasirin putative akan siginar oxytocin: Nazarin methylation na DNA na kwayoyin halittar miRNA ( Bostrom et al. , 2019) - [mai yiwuwa tsarin damuwa mara aiki]. Nazarin kan mutanen da ke da hypersexuality (jarabar batsa/jima'i) ya ba da rahoton canje-canjen epigenetic da ke kama da waɗanda ke faruwa a cikin masu shan giya. Canje-canjen epigenetic sun faru a cikin kwayoyin halittar da ke da alaƙa da tsarin oxytocin (wanda yake da mahimmanci a cikin soyayya, haɗin kai, jaraba, damuwa, aikin jima'i, da sauransu). Karin bayani:

A cikin bincike na haɗin methylation na DNA a cikin tsinkaye na jini, muna gano takamaiman CpG-shafukan da ke da alaƙa da MIR708 da MIR4456 waɗanda ke da bambanci sosai a cikin marasa lafiya na hyperexuality cuta (HD). Bugu da ƙari, muna nuna cewa hsamiR-4456 hade da methylation locus cg01299774 an bambanta methylated a cikin dogara da barasa, yana ba da shawara cewa ana iya haɗa shi da farko tare da kayan maye wanda aka lura a HD.

Kasancewar hanyar siginar oxygentocin da aka bayyana a cikin wannan binciken yana nuna alama yana da tasiri sosai a cikin yawancin halayen dake nuna HD kamar yadda Kafka et al suka gabatar. [1], kamar sha'awar jima'i, lalata, sha'awar sha'awa da (jima'i).

A ƙarshe, MIR4456 yana da ƙananan ƙananan magana a cikin HD. Bincikenmu yana ba da tabbaci cewa methylation na DNA a cikin cg01299774 wuri yana da alaƙa da bayyana MIR4456. Wannan miRNA putatively yana nufin kwayoyin halitta kamar yadda aka bayyana shi a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar kwakwalwa kuma ya shiga cikin manyan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin jijiyoyin da ake tunanin su dace da pathogenesis na HD. Abubuwan da muka samo daga bincike na canzawa a cikin epigenome suna ba da gudummawa ga ƙarin bayani game da hanyoyin nazarin halittu a baya na pathophysiology na HD tare da girmamawa ta musamman akanMIR4456 da kuma rawar da ya taka a cikin ƙididdigar oxytocin.

46) Bambancin girman abu mai launin toka a cikin sarrafa motsin rai da kuma matsalolin jaraba ( Draps et al. , 2020) - [hypofrontaility: descresed prefrontal cortex & anterior cingulate cortex gray matter]. Karin bayani:

Anan mun bambanta ƙididdigar al'amura masu launin toka (GMVs) a gungun mutane daban-daban masu rikicewar halayen jima'i (CSBD), matsalar caca (GD), da rashin lafiyar giya (AUD) tare da waɗanda basu da waɗannan rikice-rikice (masu kula da lafiya; HCs).

Mutanen da abin ya shafa (CSBD, GD, AUD) idan aka kwatanta da mahalarta HC sun nuna ƙananan GMVs a sandar gaba ta hagu, musamman a cikin cortex na orbitofrontal. An lura da bambance-bambancen da suka fi bayyana a cikin ƙungiyoyin GD da AUD, kuma mafi ƙanƙanta a cikin ƙungiyar CSBD. Akwai mummunan alaƙa tsakanin GMVs da tsananin rashin lafiya a cikin ƙungiyar CSBD. Babban tsananin alamun CSBD yana da alaƙa da raguwar GMV a cikin gyrus na cingulate na gaba na dama.

Wannan binciken shine na farko da ya nuna ƙananan GMVs a cikin ƙungiyoyin asibiti guda 3 na CSBD, GD da AUD. Bincikenmu ya nuna kamanceceniya tsakanin takamaiman rikice-rikicen sarrafa sha'awa da jaraba.

An yi amfani da fasahar cingulate cortex ta gaba (ACC) a cikin sarrafa fahimta, sarrafa abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin jin daɗi [56],[57], sarrafa hasashen kuskure, koyon lada [58], [59] da kuma amsawar amsawa [60],[34]. Dangane da CSBD, ayyukan ACC a cikin martani ga alamun jima'i an haɗa su da sha'awar jima'i a cikin maza tare da CSBD [61]. Maza tare da CSBD suma sun nuna fifikon da aka inganta don sabon abu na jima'i, wanda ke da alaƙa da halayen ACC [62]. Saboda haka, binciken da aka yi a yanzu yana faɗaɗa nazarin aiki na baya ta hanyar ba da shawarar cewa ƙarar ACC tana da mahimmanci ga alamun CSBD a cikin maza.

47) Matakan Oxytocin Mai Yawan Jini a Jini a Maza Masu Ciwon Jima'i ( Jokinen et al. , 2020) [amsawar damuwa mara aiki].– Daga ƙungiyar binciken da ta buga nazarin neuro-endocrine guda 4 da suka gabata kan maza masu "masu yawan jima'i" (masu jarabar jima'i/batsa). Saboda oxytocin yana da hannu a cikin martanin damuwa, an fassara matakan jini mafi girma a matsayin alamar tsarin damuwa mai yawa a cikin masu jarabar jima'i. Wannan binciken ya yi daidai da nazarin da mai binciken ya yi a baya da nazarin jijiyoyi da ke ba da rahoton martanin damuwa mara aiki a cikin masu shan muggan kwayoyi. Abin sha'awa, magani (CBT) ya rage matakan oxytocin a cikin marasa lafiya masu yawan jima'i. Karin bayani:

Rashin daidaituwa tsakanin maza da mata (HD) haɗakar da abubuwan ilimin pathophysiological kamar ƙa'idodin sha'awar jima'i, jarabar jima'i, impulsivity da compulsivity an ba da shawarar azaman ganewar asali ga DSM-5. "Cutar Jima'i Mai Haɗar Jima'i" yanzu an gabatar da ita azaman cuta mai rikitarwa a cikin ICD-11. Karatuttukan kwanan nan sun nuna matsayin HPA mara kyau a cikin maza tare da HD. Oxytocin (OXT) yana shafar aikin axis HPA; babu wani binciken da ya tantance matakan OXT a cikin marasa lafiya tare da HD. Ko maganin CBT don alamun HD yana da tasiri akan matakan OXT ba a bincika shi ba.

Mun yi nazarin matakan OXT na plasma a cikin marasa lafiya maza 64 da ke fama da HD da kuma maza 38 masu aikin sa kai masu lafiya waɗanda suka dace da shekarunsu. Bugu da ƙari, mun bincika alaƙar da ke tsakanin matakan OXT na plasma da alamun girma na HD ta amfani da ma'aunin kimantawa da ke auna ɗabi'ar jima'i ta hanyar jima'i.

Marasa lafiya da ke fama da HD suna da matakan OXT mafi girma idan aka kwatanta da masu aikin sa kai masu lafiya. Akwai alaƙa mai kyau tsakanin matakan OXT da ma'aunin kimantawa da ke auna halayen jima'i masu yawa. Marasa lafiya da suka kammala maganin CBT sun sami raguwar matakan OXT sosai daga magani kafin a yi musu magani. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa tsarin oxytonergic mai ƙarfi a cikin maza marasa lafiya da ke fama da matsalar jima'i mai yawa wanda zai iya zama hanyar ramawa don rage tsarin damuwa mai ƙarfi. Nasarar maganin ƙungiyar CBT na iya yin tasiri ga tsarin oxytonergic mai ƙarfi.

48) Kula da hana shiga da kuma amfani da batsa ta intanet mai matsala - Muhimmancin daidaita aikin insula ( Anton & Brand , 2020) - [juriya ko al'ada] - Marubutan sun bayyana sakamakonsu yana nuna haƙuri, wani alama ce ta tsarin jaraba. Karin bayani:

Ya kamata nazarinmu na yanzu ya zama hanya ta farko wacce ke karfafa bincike na gaba game da rakodi tsakanin hanyoyin tunani da dabarun son zuciya, amfani da matsalar IP, motsa jiki don canza halaye, da kuma hana kulawa.

Daidai da binciken da aka yi a baya (misali, Antons & Brand, 2018 ; Brand, Snagowski, Laier, & Maderwald, 2016 ; Gola et al., 2017 ; Laier et al., 2013 ), mun sami babban alaƙa tsakanin sha'awar mutum da tsananin alamun amfani da IP mai matsala a cikin duka yanayi biyu . Duk da haka, ƙaruwar sha'awa a matsayin ma'auni don amsawar cue-reactivity bai danganta da tsananin alamun amfani da IP mai matsala ba, wannan na iya dangantawa da haƙuri (cf. Wéry & Billieux, 2017 ) ganin cewa hotunan batsa da aka yi amfani da su a cikin wannan binciken ba a keɓance su ba dangane da fifikon mutum. Saboda haka, kayan batsa da aka yi amfani da su na yau da kullun ba za su iya zama masu ƙarfi don haifar da amsawar cue-reactivity a cikin mutanen da ke da tsananin alamun da ke da alaƙa da ƙarancin tasiri akan tsarin motsa jiki, tunani, da hulɗa da juna da kuma ikon sarrafa hanawa.

Tasirin haƙuri da abubuwan ƙarfafa gwiwa na iya bayyana ingantaccen aikin sarrafa hanawa a cikin mutanen da ke da tsananin alamun cutar wanda ke da alaƙa da bambancin aiki na tsarin hulɗa da tunani. Rage iko akan amfani da IP yana yiwuwa ne sakamakon hulɗar da ke tsakanin tsarin motsa jiki, tunani, da kuma tsarin hulɗa.

Idan aka haɗa su wuri ɗaya, insula a matsayin babban tsarin da ke wakiltar tsarin hulɗa yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin sarrafa hanawa lokacin da hotunan batsa ke nan. Bayanai sun nuna cewa mutanen da ke da alamun cutar IP masu tsanani sun fi yin aiki mafi kyau saboda raguwar ayyukan insula yayin sarrafa hoto da ƙaruwar aiki yayin sarrafa hanawa. Tsarin aikinsa na iya dogara ne akan tasirin haƙuri, wato, ƙarancin yawan aiki na tsarin motsawa yana haifar da ƙarancin albarkatun sarrafawa na tsarin hulɗa da tunani.

Don haka, canzawa daga m zuwa halayen tilastawa a sakamakon haɓaka amfani da IP mai matsala ko yanayin motsawa (kiyayewa) yana iya dacewa, saboda dukkanin albarkatun sun mayar da hankali kan aikin kuma nesa daga hotunan batsa. Binciken yana ba da gudummawa ga kyakkyawar fahimta game da raguwar iko a kan amfani da IP wanda ana tsammanin ba kawai sakamakon daidaituwa tsakanin tsarin lambobin biyu bane amma na hulɗa tsakanin mai jan hankali, mai nuna ra'ayi, da tsarin ma'amala.

49) Matakan Testosterone na yau da kullun amma Mafi Girman Luteinizing Hormone Plasma a cikin Maza Masu Ciwon Jima'i (2020) - [na iya nuna martanin damuwa mara aiki] - Daga ƙungiyar bincike da ta buga nazarin neuro-endocrine guda 5 da suka gabata kan maza "masu sha'awar jima'i" (masu shan jima'i/batsa), suna bayyana tsarin damuwa da aka canza, babban alama ga jaraba ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5. ). Karin bayani:

A cikin wannan binciken, mun gano cewa marasa lafiyar maza tare da HD ba su da wani bambanci mai mahimmanci a cikin matakan testosterone plasma idan aka kwatanta da masu sa kai na lafiya. Akasin haka, suna da matakan haɓakar plasma mai mahimmanci a cikin LH.

HD ya ƙunshi a cikin ma'anarsa cewa ɗabi'ar na iya zama sakamakon yanayin dysphoric da damuwa, ¹ kuma mun riga mun bayar da rahoton rashin daidaituwa tare da yawan aiki na HPA axis ¹³ da kuma canje-canjen epigenetic da suka shafi maza masu HD.

Akwai mu'amala mai rikitarwa tsakanin tsarin HPA da HPG, duka masu motsa jiki da kuma masu hanawa tare da bambance-bambance dangane da matakin ci gaban kwakwalwa. ²⁷ Abubuwan da ke haifar da damuwa ta hanyar tasirin tsarin HPA na iya haifar da hana danne LH da kuma sakamakon haihuwa. ²⁷ Tsarin 2 yana da mu'amala mai kama da juna, kuma abubuwan da ke haifar da damuwa na farko na iya canza martanin neuroendocrine ta hanyar gyare-gyaren epigenetic.

Tsarin da aka gabatar na iya haɗawa da hulɗar HPA da HPG, hanyar sadarwar jijiyoyi ta lada, ko hana sarrafa motsin jiki na yankunan prefrontal cortex. ³² A ƙarshe, mun bayar da rahoto a karon farko cewa matakan LH na plasma sun ƙaru a cikin maza masu yawan jima'i idan aka kwatanta da masu sa kai masu lafiya. Waɗannan binciken farko suna ba da gudummawa ga haɓaka wallafe-wallafe kan shigar da tsarin neuroendocrine da rashin daidaituwa a cikin HD.

50) Tsarin nuna son kai ga abubuwan da ke motsa sha'awa tsakanin ɗaliban kwaleji mata maza da mata waɗanda ke amfani da batsa (2020) [hankali da rage hankali ] - Nazarin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam na Yuro akan masu amfani da batsa mata sun ba da rahoton binciken da ke kama da waɗanda aka gani a cikin nazarin jarabar abubuwa. Tsarin nuna son kai ga batsa (hankali) da anhedonia (hana hankali) sun kasance da alaƙa mai kyau da amfani da batsa. Binciken ya kuma ba da rahoton: " mun kuma sami wata muhimmiyar alaƙa mai kyau tsakanin maki na son kai na hanyar batsa da maki akan SHAPS, wanda ke ƙididdige anhedonia. Wannan yana nuna cewa ƙarfin hanyar son kai ga abubuwan da ke motsa sha'awa, ƙarancin jin daɗin da mutumin ya ruwaito yana fuskanta ". A taƙaice, alamar neuropsychological na tsarin jaraba tana da alaƙa da rashin jin daɗi (anhedonia). Karin bayani:

Zunubi na gaba, ko kuma yanayin aiki kai tsaye don motsawa wasu motsawa zuwa ga jiki maimakon nisanta daga gare shi, shine mahimmin tsari mai ma'ana wanda ke tattare da tsarin mahimmancin hankali wanda ke tattare da halayen jaraba. Nau'in sarrafa abubuwa biyu na jarabar jaraba waɗanda ke haifar da jaraba a halayyarsu sakamakon rashin daidaituwa tsakanin ci, "m"
tafiyarwa da kuma tsarin gudanarwa na tsari. Maimaita alƙawarin halayen jaraba na iya haifar da abubuwan da mutum zai ɗauka kamar yadda mutane ke ɗauka maimakon guje wa jarabar jaraba. Wannan binciken ya tantance ko hanyar nuna bambanci ga sha'awar batsa ya kasance a tsakanin mata masu shekaru biyu na kwaleji wadanda ke ba da rahoton amfani da batsa.

Mahalarta sun nuna babban bambanci tsakanin hanyoyin motsa jiki na 24.81 ms don abubuwan motsa jiki na batsa idan aka kwatanta da abubuwan motsa jiki na tsaka-tsaki, kuma bambancin ra'ayinsa yana da alaƙa mai kyau da maki na Matsala na Amfani da Batsa. Waɗannan binciken sun yi daidai da kuma faɗaɗa binciken da aka yi a baya suna ba da rahoton nuna bambanci tsakanin maza waɗanda ke yawan amfani da batsa (Sklenarik et al., 2019; Stark et al., 2017).

Bugu da ƙari, sakamakon nuna son kai ya kasance mai kyau sosai tare da rashin son kai, wanda ke nuna cewa ƙarfin hanyar da ake bi don motsa sha'awa, haka nan ƙarfin rashin son kai da aka lura. ….. Wannan yana nuna cewa ƙarfin nuna son kai ga motsa jiki na batsa, ƙarancin jin daɗin da mutum ya ruwaito yana fuskanta.

51) Abubuwan jima'i suna canza aikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da aiki da kwakwalwa a cikin maza masu tilasta jima'i (2020) - [fadakarwa da rashin aikin gudanarwa] - Excerpts:

A matakin ɗabi'a, marasa lafiya sun sami raguwar saurin kamuwa da abubuwan batsa dangane da yawan shan batsa a makon da ya gabata, wanda hakan ya nuna ƙaruwar kunnawa a cikin gyrus mai magana. Bugu da ƙari, gyrus mai magana ya nuna ƙarin haɗin aiki ga insula yayin sarrafa abubuwan da ke motsa batsa a cikin ƙungiyar marasa lafiya. Sabanin haka, mutane masu lafiya sun nuna saurin amsawa lokacin da aka fuskanci hotunan batsa kawai tare da babban nauyin fahimta. Hakanan, marasa lafiya sun nuna mafi kyawun ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya don hotunan batsa a cikin aikin gane abin mamaki idan aka kwatanta da sarrafawa, yana magana ne game da mafi girman mahimmancin kayan batsa a cikin ƙungiyar marasa lafiya. Waɗannan binciken sun yi daidai da ka'idar ƙarfafawa ta jaraba, musamman haɗin aiki mafi girma ga cibiyar sadarwa mai magana tare da insula a matsayin babban cibiya da kuma mafi girman aikin harshe yayin sarrafa hotunan batsa dangane da amfani da batsa na baya-bayan nan.

.... Ana iya fassara wannan ta hanyar da kayan batsa ke da (watakila saboda tsarin koyo) suna da matuƙar muhimmanci ga marasa lafiya kuma ta haka ne ke kunna yanayin amsawa (insula) da hanyar sadarwa ta hankali (ƙananan parietal), wanda hakan ke haifar da jinkirin lokacin amsawa saboda bayanin da aka bayar bai dace da aikin ba. Dangane da waɗannan binciken, mutum zai iya yanke hukunci cewa, ga waɗanda ke nuna CSB, kayan batsa suna da tasirin da ke jan hankali sosai kuma don haka suna da babban tasiri. Daga baya, bayanan suna tallafawa IST na jaraba a cikin CSB.

52) Darajar sakamako na abubuwan da ke motsa sha'awar jima'i ta gani an tsara ta a cikin yanayin ɗan adam da kuma cortex na orbitofrontal (2020) - [hankali ] - Karin bayani:

Da zarar wani mutum ya nuna hoton VSS a kan sha'awar jima'i ko kuma rashin kuzari, to mafi girman aikin da muka samu a NAcc, caudate nucleus da OFC yayin kallon VSS. Bugu da ƙari, alaƙar da ke tsakanin ƙimar sha'awar jima'i da NAcc da kuma aikin caudate nucleus ya fi ƙarfi lokacin da waɗanda aka ba da rahoton ƙarin alamun amfani da batsa masu matsala (PPU) wanda s-IATsex ya auna.

Waɗannan bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin mutane a cikin lambar zaɓi na iya wakiltar wata hanya da ke shiga tsakani wajen amfani da VSS mai jaraba da wasu mutane suka fuskanta. Ba wai kawai mun sami haɗin ayyukan NAcc da caudate tare da ƙimar sha'awar jima'i ba yayin kallon VSS, amma ƙarfin wannan haɗin ya fi girma lokacin da mai batun ya ba da rahoton amfani da batsa mai matsala (PPU). Sakamakon yana goyan bayan hasashen, cewa martanin ƙimar ƙarfafawa a cikin NAcc da caudate sun bambanta sosai tsakanin abubuwan da aka fi so daban-daban, yayin da mai batun ke fuskantar PPU . Wannan ya faɗaɗa binciken da ya gabata, inda aka haɗa PPU da mafi girman martanin tashin hankali ga VSS idan aka kwatanta da yanayin sarrafawa ko wanda ba a fi so ba [29,38]. Wani bincike, wanda kuma ke amfani da aikin SID, ya gano ƙaruwar ayyukan NAcc da ke da alaƙa da ƙaruwar PPU a lokacin lokacin jira kawai [41]. Sakamakonmu ya nuna cewa ana iya samun irin wannan tasiri, watau canza tsarin ƙarfafawa da ke da alaƙa da PPU, a cikin matakin bayarwa, amma kawai idan an yi la'akari da fifikon mutum ɗaya. Ƙara bambancin siginar ƙimar ƙarfafawa a cikin NAcc na iya nuna ƙaruwar buƙatar neman da gano VSS da aka fi so yayin ci gaban jaraba.

Ganin waɗannan sakamakon ana iya yin kwafinsu, suna iya samun mahimmancin abubuwan asibiti. Diffeara yawan bambance-bambancen alamun siginar girmamawa na iya haɗawa zuwa haɓaka lokacin da aka ɓoye don neman kayan ƙarfafawa, wanda daga baya yakan haifar da batutuwa a cikin rayuwar mutum ko ƙwararru da wahala saboda wannan halayyar.

53) Ilimin Jijiyoyin Jijiyoyi na Sadarwar Lafiya: Nazarin fNIRS na Prefrontal Cortex da Amfani da Batsa a cikin Matasa Mata don Ci gaban Shirye-shiryen Lafiya na Rigakafi (2020) - Karin bayani:

Sakamakon ya nuna cewa kallon bidiyon batsa (idan aka kwatanta da bidiyon sarrafawa) yana haifar da kunna yankin Brodmann na 45 na gefen dama. Haka kuma wani tasiri yana bayyana tsakanin matakin shan da aka bayar da rahoton kansa da kunna BA 45 na dama: mafi girman matakin shan da aka bayar da rahoton kansa, mafi girman kunnawa. A gefe guda kuma, waɗanda suka halarci taron da ba su taɓa shan kayan batsa ba ba sa nuna aikin BA 45 na dama idan aka kwatanta da bidiyon sarrafawa (yana nuna bambanci mai kyau tsakanin waɗanda ba sa amfani da su da masu amfani da su) . Waɗannan sakamakon sun yi daidai da sauran bincike da aka yi a fagen jaraba. Ana hasashen cewa tsarin neuron na madubi na iya shiga, ta hanyar tsarin tausayi, wanda zai iya haifar da sha'awar batsa ta wucin gadi.

54) Abubuwan da suka shafi abubuwan da suka faru a cikin wani aiki mai zaɓi biyu na rashin iya sarrafa halayyar maza tare da sha'awar jarabar cybersex (2020) - Karin bayani:

Rashin ikon hana halayyar ɗabi'a (BIC) sananne ne don taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin halin maye. Koyaya, bincike bai zama mai mahimmanci ba game da ko wannan ma batun jaraba ne na yanar gizo. Wannan binciken yana nufin bincika lokacin BIC a cikin mazaje maza da ke da sha'awar yin amfani da yanar gizo (TCA) ta amfani da abubuwan da suka shafi abubuwan da suka faru (ERPs) da kuma samar da hujjojin neurophysiological na rashin BIC.

Mutane da ke fama da TCA sun fi mahalarta HC saurin fahimta kuma sun raba halayen neuropsychological da ERP na rashin lafiyar amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi ko jarabar ɗabi'a, wanda ke goyan bayan ra'ayin cewa jarabar cybersex za a iya ɗauka a matsayin jarabar ɗabi'a.

A ka'ida, sakamakonmu ya nuna cewa jarabar yanar gizo ta yanar gizo tana kama da matsalar amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi da kuma matsalar sarrafa motsin rai dangane da sha'awar jima'i a matakan lantarki da na hali. Bincikenmu na iya ƙara rura wutar cece-kuce mai ɗorewa game da yiwuwar jarabar yanar gizo ta yanar gizo a matsayin sabon nau'in cutar tabin hankali.

55) Tsarin jiki da kuma Halayyar Jima'i Mai Wuya - Rarraba Tensor Nazarin Hoto - Nazarin B na ruwan sama yana kwatanta tsarin farin abu na masu shan batsa/jima'i (CSBD) da sarrafawa. Bambanci masu mahimmanci tsakanin sarrafawa da batutuwa na CSB. Karin bayani:

Wannan ɗayan ɗayan binciken farko na DTI ne wanda ke tantance bambance-bambance tsakanin marasa lafiya tare da Bearfafa halayen halayen Jima'i da kuma kulawar lafiya. Bincikenmu ya gano ragin FA a yankuna shida na kwakwalwa a cikin batutuwan CSBD, idan aka kwatanta da sarrafawa. An samo yankuna masu rarrabewa a cikin cerebellum (akwai yiwuwar akwai wasu sassan yanki ɗaya a cikin cerebellum), ɓangaren da ya keɓe daga cikin murfin ciki, babban corona radiata da na tsakiya ko na ƙarshen occipital gyrus farin abu.

Bayanan DTI ɗinmu sun nuna cewa alaƙar jijiyoyi na CSBD ta yi karo da yankuna da aka ruwaito a baya a cikin wallafe-wallafen kamar yadda suka shafi duka biyun, jaraba da OCD (duba yankin ja a Hoto na 3 ). Don haka, wannan binciken ya nuna muhimmiyar kamanceceniya a cikin raguwar FA tsakanin CSBD da OCD da jaraba.

56) Jinkirin ƙarfafa jima'i a cikin na'urar daukar hoto: Alamar jima'i da sarrafa lada, da kuma hanyoyin haɗi zuwa matsalar amfani da batsa da kuma motsa jiki na jima'i - Binciken bai yi daidai da tsarin jaraba ba (cue-reactivity).

58) Maganin cortex na orbitofrontal mai rikitarwa ga alamun batsa a cikin Matsalar Halayyar Jima'i Mai Wuya (2021) - [hankali - mafi girman amsawar cue-reactivity a cikin ventral striatum da anterior orbitofrontal cortex a cikin masu shan batsa idan aka kwatanta da sarrafawa masu lafiya] Karin bayani:

Tsarin aiki da aka lura a cikin batutuwa na CSBD wanda ya haɗa da manyan cortices na parietal, gyrus na supramarginal, gyrus na pre da na postcentral, da kuma ganglia na basal na iya nuna ƙaruwa (idan aka kwatanta da kula da lafiya) kulawa, somatosensory, da shirye-shiryen motsa jiki zuwa hanyar lada da cikawa ta batsa ( so) a cikin CSBD wanda alamun hasashen ke haifarwa ( Locke & Braver, 2008 ; Hirose, Nambu, & Naito, 2018 ). Wannan ya yi daidai da ka'idar Incentive Sensitization of addiction ( Robinson & Berridge, 2008 ) da kuma bayanai da ake da su game da amsawar cue-reactivity a cikin halayen jaraba ( Gola & Draps, 2018 ; Gola, Wordecha, et al., 2017 ; Kowalewska et al., 2018 ; Kraus et al., 2016b ; Potenza et al., 2017 ; Stark, Klucken, Potenza, Brand, & Strahler, 2018 ; Voon et al., 2014 )….

Mafi mahimmanci, tare da sakamakon binciken ROI, wannan aikin yana faɗaɗa sakamakon da aka buga a baya ( Gola, Wordecha, et al., 2017 ) ta hanyar nuna cewa karuwar amsawar da ke tsakanin lada ga alamun lada na batsa a cikin CSBD ba wai kawai yana faruwa a cikin yanayin ventral a cikin matakin tsammanin lada ba har ma a cikin cortex na gaba na orbitofrontal (aOFC). Bugu da ƙari, ayyukan da ke cikin wannan yanki kuma da alama sun dogara ne akan yuwuwar lada. Canjin siginar BOLD ya fi girma a cikin mutanen CSBD fiye da a cikin iko mai lafiya, musamman ga ƙananan ƙimar yiwuwa, wanda zai iya nuna cewa ƙananan damar samun ladan batsa ba ya rage yawan motsin ɗabi'a da ke haifar da kasancewar alamun ladan batsa.

Dangane da bayananmu, ana iya cewa aOFC tana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen shiga tsakani kan takamaiman ikon alamun wasu nau'ikan lada don ƙarfafa halayen neman lada a cikin mahalarta CSBD. A zahiri, rawar da OFC ke takawa an danganta ta da samfuran kimiyyar jijiyoyi na halayen jaraba.

59) Shaidar lantarki ta hanyar lantarki ta nuna cewa an ƙara nuna son kai ga hotunan jima'i a cikin mutane masu sha'awar jarabar yanar gizo (2021) [hankali/ amsawa da kuma ɗabi'a/rashin jin daɗi] Bincike ya tantance halayen masu shan batsa (lokutan amsawa) da kuma martanin kwakwalwa (EEG) ga hotunan batsa da na tsaka tsaki. Daidai da Mechelmans et al. (2014) a sama, wannan binciken ya gano cewa masu shan batsa suna da son kai ga abubuwan da ke motsa sha'awa ta jima'i. Abin da ya saba shi ne cewa wannan binciken ya gano shaidar neurophysiological na wannan son kai ga abubuwan da suka shafi jaraba. Karin bayani:

An yi amfani da ka'idar ƙarfafawa don bayyana son zuciya ga alamun da suka shafi jaraba a cikin mutanen da ke da wasu cututtukan jaraba ( Field & Cox, 2008 ; Robinson & Berridge, 1993 ). Wannan ka'idar ta ba da shawarar cewa yawan amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi yana ƙara amsawar dopaminergic, yana mai da shi ya zama mai hankali da kwarin gwiwa. Wannan yana haifar da halayen halayen mutanen da ke shan jaraba ta hanyar sha'awar jin abubuwan da suka faru a martanin alamun da suka shafi jaraba ( Robinson & Berridge, 1993 ). Bayan maimaitawar wani abin ƙarfafawa da aka bayar, alamun da suka shafi sun zama masu haske da jan hankali, don haka suna jan hankali. Sakamakon wannan binciken ya nuna cewa [masu shan batsa] a zahiri sun gabatar da tsangwama mai ƙarfi a cikin yin hukunci akan launuka na hotuna masu bayyana jima'i dangane da waɗanda ba su da tsaka tsaki. Wannan shaidar ta yi kama da sakamakon da aka ruwaito game da abubuwan da suka shafi sinadarai ( Asmaro et al., 2014 ; Della Libera et al., 2019 ) da kuma halayen da ba su da alaƙa da sinadarai, gami da halayen jima'i ( Pekal et al., 2018 ; Sklenarik, Potenza, Gola, Kor, Kraus, & Astur, 2019 ; Wegmann & Brand, 2020 ).

Sakamakonmu na ƙarshe shine cewa mutanen da ke da [jarabar batsa] sun nuna farkon daidaitawar P200 dangane da abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin jituwa ga .... Wannan sakamakon ya yi daidai da na Mechelmans et al. (2014) , waɗanda suka ba da rahoton mahalarta da ke da halayen jima'i na tilas suna nuna fifikon fifiko ga abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin jituwa ga abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin jituwa ga abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin jituwa ga abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin jituwa ga abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin jituwa ga abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin jituwa ga abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin jituwa ga abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin jituwa ga abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin jituwa ga abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin jituwa ga abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin jituwa ga abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin jituwa ga abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin jituwa ga abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin jituwa ga abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin jituwa ga abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin jituwa ga abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin jituwa ga abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin jituwa ga abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin jituwa ga abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin jituwa ga abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin jituwa ga abubuwan da ke Wasu nazarin ERP na jaraba sun bayyana irin waɗannan binciken, wato cewa wariya a cikin alamun da suka shafi jaraba ta fara ne a farkon matakan sarrafa abubuwan ƙarfafawa (misali, Nijs et al., 2010 ; Versace, Minnix, Robinson, Lam, Brown, & Cinciripini, 2011 ; Yang, Zhang, & Zhao, 2015 ).

A lokacin daga baya, ƙarin sarrafawa kuma mafi mahimmanci mataki na kulawa da hankali, wannan binciken ya sami ƙananan LPP amplitude a cikin masu shan batsa (high TCA group). Masu binciken suna ba da shawarar al'ada/rashin hankali azaman bayani mai yiwuwa don wannan binciken. Daga tattaunawa:

Ana iya bayyana wannan ta hanyoyi da dama. Na farko, masu sha'awar yanar gizo na iya fuskantar sabawa da hotuna marasa motsi . Tare da yaduwar abubuwan batsa a Intanet, masu amfani da batsa ta yanar gizo akai-akai suna iya kallon fina-finan batsa da gajerun bidiyo fiye da hotuna marasa motsi. Ganin cewa bidiyon batsa yana haifar da ƙarin sha'awar jiki da ta jiki fiye da hotunan da ke bayyana jima'i, hotuna marasa motsi suna haifar da ƙarancin amsawar jima'i ( Both, Spiering, Everaerd, & Laan, 2004 ). Na biyu, ƙarfin motsa jiki mai ƙarfi na iya haifar da manyan canje-canje a cikin jijiyoyi ( Kühn & Gallinat, 2014 ). Musamman, kallon kayan batsa akai-akai yana rage yawan launin toka a cikin dorsal striatum, yanki da ke da alaƙa da sha'awar jima'i ( Arnow et al., 2002 ).

60) Canje-canje a cikin oxytocin da vasopressin a cikin maza masu amfani da batsa masu matsala: Matsayin tausayi [amsawar damuwa mara aiki] Karin bayani:

Abubuwan da aka gano sun ba da shawarar sauye-sauye da yawa a cikin aikin neuropeptide a cikin PPU kuma suna nuna hanyoyin haɗin gwiwar su don rage jin daɗi da ƙarin alamun alamun tunani. Bugu da ƙari kuma, bincikenmu yana ba da shawarar ƙayyadaddun alaƙa tsakanin alamun cututtukan hauka, AVP, oxytocin, tausayawa da jima'i da batsa da ke da alaƙa da jima'i, da fahimtar waɗannan alaƙar na iya taimakawa jagorar ayyukan asibiti….

Duk da cewa nazarin da aka yi kafin a fara aiki a asibiti akai-akai ya nuna canje-canje a cikin aikin oxytocin da AVP a cikin samfuran jaraba na dabbobi , babu wani bincike da aka yi a baya na ɗan adam da ya gwada haɗin gwiwarsu a cikin mutanen da ke da PPU. Sakamakon yanzu yana nuna canje-canje a cikin oxytocin da AVP a cikin maza masu PPU kamar yadda aka bayyana a matakan farko, tsarin amsawa, daidaiton neuropeptide, da alaƙa da yawan jima'i da ke da alaƙa da batsa.

61) Alamomin jijiyoyi da halaye na hasashen abubuwan da ke motsa sha'awa na jima'i suna nuna hanyoyin da ke kama da jaraba a cikin matsalar halayen jima'i na tilas (2022) [hankali] Wannan binciken fMRI ya gano cewa masu shan batsa/jima'i (marasa lafiyar CSBD) suna da halaye marasa kyau da aikin kwakwalwa yayin da ake tsammanin kallon batsa, musamman a cikin ventral striatum. Bugu da ƙari, binciken ya kuma gano cewa masu shan batsa/jima'i suna "son" batsa fiye da haka, amma ba su "son" shi ba fiye da kula da lafiya. Karin bayani:

Abu mai mahimmanci, waɗannan bambance-bambancen halaye suna nuna cewa hanyoyin da suka shafi tsammanin abubuwan da ke haifar da sha'awa da waɗanda ba sa haifar da sha'awa na iya canzawa a cikin CSBD kuma suna goyon bayan ra'ayin cewa hanyoyin da suka shafi tsammani kamar waɗanda ke cikin matsalolin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi da jaraba na iya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin CSBD, kamar yadda aka ba da shawara a baya ( Chatzittofis et al., 2016 ; Gola et al . , 2018 ; Jokinen et al., 2017 ; Kowalewska et al., 2018 ; Mechelmans et al., 2014 ; Politis et al., 2013 ; Schmidt et al., 2017; Sinke et al., 2020 ; Voon et al., 2014 ). An ƙara goyon bayan wannan da gaskiyar cewa ba mu lura da bambance-bambance a cikin sauran ayyukan fahimta ba wajen auna ɗaukar haɗari da sarrafa motsin rai, muna adawa da ra'ayin cewa hanyoyin da suka shafi tilastawa gabaɗaya suna kan aiki ( Norman et al., 2019 ; Mar, Townes, Pechlivanoglou, Arnold, & Schachar, 2022 ). Abin sha'awa, ma'aunin ɗabi'a ΔRT ya yi daidai da alamun yawan jima'i da tilasta jima'i, yana nuna cewa canje-canjen ɗabi'a da suka shafi tsammani suna ƙaruwa tare da tsananin alamun CSBD….

Abubuwan da muka gano sun nuna cewa CSBD yana da alaƙa da sauye-sauyen halayen halayen tsammanin, wanda ke da alaƙa da ayyukan VS yayin tsammanin abubuwan motsa jiki. Sakamakon binciken ya goyi bayan ra'ayin cewa hanyoyin da suka yi kama da kayan abu da jaraba na ɗabi'a suna taka rawa a cikin CSBD kuma suna ba da shawarar cewa rarrabuwar CSBD a matsayin rikice-rikicen rikice-rikice na iya zama hujja akan tushen binciken neurobiological.

62) Haɗin Aiki a cikin Matsalar Halayyar Jima'i Mai Tilas - Bita na Tsari na Adabi da Nazari kan Maza Masu Jinsi (2022) [hankali]

Mun sami ƙarin fc tsakanin gyrus na gaba na hagu na hagu da dama na ɗan lokaci da polare, dama da hagu insula, dama da ƙarin Motar Cortex (SMA), operculum na parietal na dama, haka kuma tsakanin gyrus supramarginal na hagu da na dama na planum, kuma tsakanin hagu orbitofrontal cortex da bar insula idan aka kwatanta CSBD da HC. An lura da raguwar fc tsakanin gyrus na ɗan lokaci na hagu na hagu da insula biyu da operculum na dama.

Binciken shine babban samfurin samfurin farko na farko wanda ke nuna nau'ikan hanyoyin sadarwa na kwakwalwa na 5 daban-daban waɗanda ke bambanta marasa lafiya na CSBD da HC.

Cibiyoyin sadarwar kwakwalwa da aka gano sun bambanta CSBD daga HC kuma suna ba da wasu goyan baya don ƙarfafawa a matsayin tsarin da ke tattare da alamun CSBD.

63) Bambancin kwakwalwa da ke da alaƙa da matsalar halayen jima'i na tilas (2023)

CSBD yana da alaƙa da bambance-bambancen kwakwalwar tsarin, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga ingantaccen fahimtar CSBD kuma yana ƙarfafa ƙarin fayyace hanyoyin neurobiological da ke ƙarƙashin cutar.

Alamun CSBD sun fi tsanani a cikin daidaikun mutane da ke nuna bambance-bambancen cortical.

Sakamako daga binciken da suka gabata da kuma binciken da aka yi a yanzu sun yi daidai da ra'ayi cewa CSBD yana da alaƙa da sauye-sauyen kwakwalwa a cikin wuraren da ke tattare da haɓakawa, al'ada, sarrafa motsa jiki, da sarrafa lada.

Bincikenmu ya nuna cewa CSBD yana da alaƙa da bambance-bambancen kwakwalwa. Wannan binciken yana ba da haske mai mahimmanci a cikin filin da ba a bayyana ba na mahimmancin asibiti kuma yana ƙarfafa ƙarin bayani game da hanyoyin neurobiological da ke ƙarƙashin CSBD, wanda shine abin da ake bukata don inganta sakamakon jiyya na gaba. Sakamakon binciken na iya ba da gudummawa ga ci gaba da tattaunawa game da ko rarrabawar CSBD na yanzu a matsayin rashin kulawar motsa jiki yana da ma'ana.

64) Sha'awar sha'awa tare da abubuwan da ke haifar da batsa yana haifar da ƙarfi a cikin yankuna masu lada fiye da abubuwan da suka shafi kuɗi da wasanni

"Wadannan sakamakon sun yi daidai da binciken da ya gabata wanda ke nuna cewa batsa yana da babban damar jaraba saboda tasirinsa mai ƙarfi da haɓakawa."

65) Alamomin Jijiyoyi na Nuna Bambancin Hankali ga Alamomin Batsa na Subliminal a cikin Mutane Masu Halin Yin Amfani da Batsa Mai Matsala: Nazarin ERP Ta Amfani da Aikin Binciken Dot (2024)

"[Amsar Kwakwalwa] ya bayyana cewa mutanen da ke da babban hali na PPU sun nuna girman girman P1 mai kulle-kulle bin hotunan batsa (madaidaicin yanayin) idan aka kwatanta da hotuna masu tsaka tsaki (marasa inganci). Bugu da ƙari, tsananin alamun alamun PPU yana da alaƙa da inganci tare da girman girman P1 tsakanin ingantattun yanayi da mara inganci. Waɗannan sakamakon suna ba da haske ta atomatik na ɗaukar hankali ta hanyar abubuwan batsa da goyan bayan hasashe na rashin kulawa da ke da alaƙa da jaraba yayin aiwatar da hankali."

66) Tasirin Abubuwan Batsa Kan Aikin Gudanar da Ƙwaƙwalwa Tsakanin Mutane Masu Haɗari Don Amfani da Batsa Mai Matsala

Ana ƙara fahimtar amfani da batsa mai matsala (PPU) a matsayin jarabar ɗabi'a…. Abubuwan da ke motsa batsa na iya kawo cikas ga aikin ƙwaƙwalwa a cikin mutanen da ke da halayen PPU masu girma, mai yiwuwa yana nuna ƙaruwar rarraba bayanai masu mahimmanci ga jima'i. Wannan raunin fahimta na iya zama da mahimmanci ga kiyayewa da ci gaban PPU.

Tare da waɗannan nazarin binciken da aka ruwaito:

1. 3 babban kwakwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta ta canzawa: sanarwa, lalatawa, Da kuma hypofrontality.
2. Ƙarin yin amfani da batsa ya haɗa da ƙananan launin toka a cikin ladaran sakamako (dorsal striatum).
3. Ƙarin yin amfani da batsa yana haɓaka tare da ƙaramiyar kunnawa a yayin da yake kallon hotunan jima'i.
4. Kuma mafi amfani da batsa amfani da haɗin gwiwa tare da lalatattun hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin ladar sakamako da kuma cortex prefrontal cortex.
5. Addicts yana da mafi girman aiki na farko ga jima'i, amma ƙananan ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar kwakwalwa (dace da maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi).
6. Yin amfani da hotuna / tsaura zuwa batsa da suka danganci mafi girma jinkirta rangwame (rashin yiwuwar jinkirta jinkirin). Wannan alama ce ta rashin talauci.
7. 60% na batutuwa masu lalata batsa a cikin binciken daya sun sami ED ko low libido tare da abokan, amma ba tare da batsa ba: duk sun bayyana cewa yin amfani da batsa ta yanar gizo ya haifar da ED / low libido.
8. Ƙawataccen ra'ayi kwatankwacin masu amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi. Nuna nunawa (samfurin of DeltaFosb).
9. Babban sha'awar & sha'awar batsa, amma ba mafi girma so ba. Wannan yana daidaita tare da samfurin karɓa na karɓa - haɓaka mai ƙarfafawa.
10. Hotuna masu tsaka-tsalle suna da fifiko mafi kyau ga jima'i amma ƙwayar jikinsu suna cike da sauri zuwa hotunan jima'i. Ba a daɗe ba.
11. Ƙananan masu amfani da batsa sun fi mayar da martani a cikin ladabi.
12. Mafi Girma EEG (P300) karatun lokacin da masu amfani da batsa suka fallasa su a kan batutuwa (abin da ke faruwa a cikin wasu ƙari).
13. Ƙananan sha'awar yin jima'i da mutum yana haɓakawa tare da haɓakawa mai zurfi ga hotuna hotuna.
14. Ƙarin yin amfani da batsa yana haɓaka da ƙananan LPP amplitude lokacin da ke kallon jima'i na hotuna: yana nuna haɓakawa ko ɓoyewa.
15. Hessar HPA da ba ta dace ba da kuma canza yanayin kwakwalwar kwakwalwa, wanda ke faruwa a cikin miyagun ƙwayoyi (da kuma girma amygdala, wadda ke haɗe da damuwa ta zamantakewa).
16. Hanyoyin cututtuka na canzawa a kan kwayoyin tsakiya ta hanyar mayar da hankali ga dan Adam da kuma dangantaka da jaraba.
17. Matsayi mafi girma daga ƙwayoyin Necrosis Factor (TNF) - wanda ke faruwa a cikin cin zarafin miyagun ƙwayoyi da kuma buri.
18. A kasawa a cikin temporal cortex launin toka abu; rashin haɗin kai tsakanin kamfanoni na gida da wasu yankuna.
19. Babban mulkin jihar.
20. Rage cortex prefrontal cortex da na gaban cingulate gyrus al'amarin idan aka kwatanta da lafiya sarrafawa.
21. Ragewa cikin fararen abu idan aka kwatanta da sarrafawar lafiya.

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Lissafin da ke nuna binciken da ya dace da basirar misalai:

Bayar da bayanin karya:

1. Gary Wilson ya fallasa gaskiya a bayan nazarin nazarin 5 na masu yada labaran da aka ambata don tallafawa maganganun su cewa jarabar batsa babu ta kuma amfani da batsa yana da fa'ida mafi yawa: Gary Wilson - Binciken Bincike: Gaskiya ko Almara (2018).
2. Zuwa "Me yasa muke damuwa game da kallon hotunan? ", Da Marty Klein, Taylor Kohut, da kuma Nicole Prause (2018).
3. Yadda za a gane abubuwan da ba su da sha'awa: Suna cite Yi amfani da al al. Shekarar 2015 (da’awar karyata shi tana addabar batsa na batsa), yayin da aka watsar da bincike sama da 40 na ilimin halin batsa wanda ke tallafa wa jarabar batsa.
4. Idan kuna neman nazarin binciken da ba za ku iya samun sa a wannan shafin ba "Cididdigar Nazarin Tambaya & ɓatarwa", bincika wannan shafin: Kimiyyar Yanar-gizo ta Kashe Kasuwanci (AKA: "RealYourBrainOnPorn.com" da "batsaResearch.com"). Yana bincika YBOP alamar kasuwanci'' Shafin bincike, 'gami da karatuttukan da aka zaba, mai nuna wariya, rashin sani, da yaudara.
5. Shin Joshua Grubbs yana jawo ulu a kan idanuwanmu tare da "tunanin batsa" bincike? (2016)
6. Binciken ya nuna cewa Grubbs, Perry, Wilt, Reid bita ne mai ban sha'awa ("Shirye-shiryen batsa saboda halayen halayen kirki: Tsarin haɗin kai tare da nazari na al'ada da kuma Meta-Analysis") 2018.
7. Masu Addini Suna Amfani da Ƙananan Al'ummai kuma Ba Su Da Kusan Kuna Gaskanta Suna Zama (2017)
8. Kaddamar da: Wasika zuwa ga edita "Yi amfani da al al. (2015) sabuwar kuskuren buri tsinkaya"
9. Opin: Wane ne yake karya tsarin kimiyya akan batsa? (2016)
10. Ba da kyautar Justin Lehmiller “Shin Dysfunction ne na Erectile Ainihi akan Yunƙurin Aiki"(2018)
11. Kyauta Kris Taylor'sWasu ƙananan gaskiya game da batsa da cin hanci"(2017)
12. kuma Zuwa "Ya kamata ku damu game da lalacewar cin hanci maras kyau? " - by Daily Dot's Claire Downs. (2018)
13. Ba da kyautar labarin "Lafiyar Maza" na Gavin Evans:Za a iya kallon yawancin tsaka-tsakin da ke ba ku da tsararre?"(2018)
14. Yaya batsa yake rikici tare da ku, da Philip Zimbardo, Gary Wilson & Nikita Coulombe (Maris, 2016)
15. Ƙari a kan batsa: tsare ka manhood - a mayar da martani ga Marty Klein, da Philip Zimbardo da Gary Wilson (Afrilu, 2016)
16. Dismantling David Ley amsa ga Philip Zimbardo: "Dole ne mu dogara ga kimiyya mai kyau a batsa"(Maris, 2016)
17. Amsar YBOP da Jim Pfaus "Tabbataccen masanin kimiyya: jarabar jima'i shine labari"(Janairu, 2016)
18. Amsar YBOP da ake kira a cikin wata sanarwa David Ley (Janairu, 2016)
19. Masu jima'i sun ki amincewa da lalata ta hanyar ED ta hanyar iƙirarin al'aura shine matsalar (2016)
20. David Ley ya kai hare-haren Nofap (Mayu, 2015)
21. RealYourBrainOnPorn tweets: Daniel Burgess, Nicole Prause & abokan haɗin kai suna ƙirƙirar rukunin yanar gizo na son kai da asusun kafofin watsa labarun don tallafawa ajandar masana'antar batsa (farawa a watan Afrilu, 2019).
22. Prauseoƙarin yin ƙoƙari don dakatar da Wilson; an hana umarnin hana ta a matsayin maras kyau & tana da bashin kudade na lauya a cikin hukuncin SLAPP.
23. Shin Kira Shi Batsa Na Haɗari? Bidiyo da ke lalata Madita Oeming's "Me yasa muke Bukatar Dakatar da Kiranta da Batsa".

Lissafin nazarin da ya dace (tare da bayani):

• Matsalar jima'i da jima'i? Jerin wannan ya ƙunshi nazarin nazarin 40 da ke haɗa jita-jita ta batsa / jaraba na batsa ga matsalolin jima'i da ƙananan ƙananan hawaye zuwa jima'i na jima'i.. The Binciken na farko na 7 a jerin sun nuna lalacewa, yayin da mahalarta suka kawar da yin amfani da batsa da kuma warkar da dysfunctions na yau da kullum.
• Abubuwan kyama a kan dangantaka? Fiye da nazarin 80 ya danganta amfani da batsa don ƙarancin jima'i da dangantaka gamsuwa.
• Amfani da hotuna da ke shafi lafiyar jiki da tunani? Fiye da nazarin 85 ya danganta amfani da batsa don talaucin tunani-rashin lafiyar jiki da talauci sakamakon rashin fahimta.
• Amfani da batsa ya shafi imani, halaye da halaye? Fiye da nazarin 40 ya danganta amfani da batsa don “halayen marasa daidaituwa" ga mata da ra'ayoyin masu lalata.
• Aikin nazarin 60 yana binciken rahotanni daidai da cigaba da yin amfani da batsa (haƙuri), al'ada zuwa batsa, har ma da kawar da bayyanar cututtuka (duk alamu da bayyanar cututtukan hade da buri).
• Yarda da batun magana mai ma'ana cewa "babban burin jima'i" ya bayyana kawar da jima'i ko jima'i: Fiye da karatu 25 ya gurbata da'awar cewa jima'i da 'yan batsa "kawai suna da sha'awar jima'i sosai".

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Tare da waɗannan nazarin binciken da aka ruwaito:

1. 3 babban kwakwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta ta canzawa: sanarwa, lalatawa, Da kuma hypofrontality.
2. Ƙarin yin amfani da batsa ya haɗa da ƙananan launin toka a cikin ladaran sakamako (dorsal striatum).
3. Ƙarin yin amfani da batsa yana haɓaka tare da ƙaramiyar kunnawa a yayin da yake kallon hotunan jima'i.
4. Kuma mafi amfani da batsa amfani da haɗin gwiwa tare da lalatattun hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin ladar sakamako da kuma cortex prefrontal cortex.
5. Addicts yana da mafi girman aiki na farko ga jima'i, amma ƙananan ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar kwakwalwa (dace da maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi).
6. Yin amfani da hotuna / tsaura zuwa batsa da suka danganci mafi girma jinkirta rangwame (rashin yiwuwar jinkirta jinkirin). Wannan alama ce ta rashin talauci.
7. 60% na batutuwa masu lalata batsa a cikin binciken daya sun sami ED ko low libido tare da abokan, amma ba tare da batsa ba: duk sun bayyana cewa yin amfani da batsa ta yanar gizo ya haifar da ED / low libido.
8. Ƙawataccen ra'ayi kwatankwacin masu amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi. Nuna nunawa (samfurin of DeltaFosb).
9. Babban sha'awar & sha'awar batsa, amma ba mafi girma so ba. Wannan yana daidaita tare da samfurin karɓa na karɓa - haɓaka mai ƙarfafawa.
10. Hotuna masu tsaka-tsalle suna da fifiko mafi kyau ga jima'i amma ƙwayar jikinsu suna cike da sauri zuwa hotunan jima'i. Ba a daɗe ba.
11. Ƙananan masu amfani da batsa sun fi mayar da martani a cikin ladabi.
12. Mafi Girma EEG (P300) karatun lokacin da masu amfani da batsa suka fallasa su a kan batutuwa (abin da ke faruwa a cikin wasu ƙari).
13. Ƙananan sha'awar yin jima'i da mutum yana haɓakawa tare da haɓakawa mai zurfi ga hotuna hotuna.
14. Ƙarin yin amfani da batsa yana haɓaka da ƙananan LPP amplitude lokacin da ke kallon jima'i na hotuna: yana nuna haɓakawa ko ɓoyewa.
15. Hessar HPA da ba ta dace ba da kuma canza yanayin kwakwalwar kwakwalwa, wanda ke faruwa a cikin miyagun ƙwayoyi (da kuma girma amygdala, wadda ke haɗe da damuwa ta zamantakewa).
16. Hanyoyin cututtuka na canzawa a kan kwayoyin tsakiya ta hanyar mayar da hankali ga dan Adam da kuma dangantaka da jaraba.
17. Matsayi mafi girma daga ƙwayoyin Necrosis Factor (TNF) - wanda ke faruwa a cikin cin zarafin miyagun ƙwayoyi da kuma buri.
18. A kasawa a cikin temporal cortex launin toka abu; rashin haɗin kai tsakanin kamfanoni na gida da wasu yankuna.
19. Babban mulkin jihar.
20. Rage cortex prefrontal cortex da na gaban cingulate gyrus al'amarin idan aka kwatanta da lafiya sarrafawa.
21. Ragewa cikin fararen abu idan aka kwatanta da sarrafawar lafiya.

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Lissafin da ke nuna binciken da ya dace da basirar misalai:

Bayar da bayanin karya:

1. Gary Wilson ya fallasa gaskiya a bayan nazarin nazarin 5 na masu yada labaran da aka ambata don tallafawa maganganun su cewa jarabar batsa babu ta kuma amfani da batsa yana da fa'ida mafi yawa: Gary Wilson - Binciken Bincike: Gaskiya ko Almara (2018).
2. Zuwa "Me yasa muke damuwa game da kallon hotunan? ", Da Marty Klein, Taylor Kohut, da kuma Nicole Prause (2018).
3. Yadda za a gane abubuwan da ba su da sha'awa: Suna cite Yi amfani da al al. Shekarar 2015 (da’awar karyata shi tana addabar batsa na batsa), yayin da aka watsar da bincike sama da 40 na ilimin halin batsa wanda ke tallafa wa jarabar batsa.
4. Idan kuna neman nazarin binciken da ba za ku iya samun sa a wannan shafin ba "Cididdigar Nazarin Tambaya & ɓatarwa", bincika wannan shafin: Kimiyyar Yanar-gizo ta Kashe Kasuwanci (AKA: "RealYourBrainOnPorn.com" da "batsaResearch.com"). Yana bincika YBOP alamar kasuwanci'' Shafin bincike, 'gami da karatuttukan da aka zaba, mai nuna wariya, rashin sani, da yaudara.
5. Shin Joshua Grubbs yana jawo ulu a kan idanuwanmu tare da "tunanin batsa" bincike? (2016)
6. Binciken ya nuna cewa Grubbs, Perry, Wilt, Reid bita ne mai ban sha'awa ("Shirye-shiryen batsa saboda halayen halayen kirki: Tsarin haɗin kai tare da nazari na al'ada da kuma Meta-Analysis") 2018.
7. Masu Addini Suna Amfani da Ƙananan Al'ummai kuma Ba Su Da Kusan Kuna Gaskanta Suna Zama (2017)
8. Kaddamar da: Wasika zuwa ga edita "Yi amfani da al al. (2015) sabuwar kuskuren buri tsinkaya"
9. Opin: Wane ne yake karya tsarin kimiyya akan batsa? (2016)
10. Ba da kyautar Justin Lehmiller “Shin Dysfunction ne na Erectile Ainihi akan Yunƙurin Aiki"(2018)
11. Kyauta Kris Taylor'sWasu ƙananan gaskiya game da batsa da cin hanci"(2017)
12. kuma Zuwa "Ya kamata ku damu game da lalacewar cin hanci maras kyau? " - by Daily Dot's Claire Downs. (2018)
13. Ba da kyautar labarin "Lafiyar Maza" na Gavin Evans:Za a iya kallon yawancin tsaka-tsakin da ke ba ku da tsararre?"(2018)
14. Yaya batsa yake rikici tare da ku, da Philip Zimbardo, Gary Wilson & Nikita Coulombe (Maris, 2016)
15. Ƙari a kan batsa: tsare ka manhood - a mayar da martani ga Marty Klein, da Philip Zimbardo da Gary Wilson (Afrilu, 2016)
16. Dismantling David Ley amsa ga Philip Zimbardo: "Dole ne mu dogara ga kimiyya mai kyau a batsa"(Maris, 2016)
17. Amsar YBOP da Jim Pfaus "Tabbataccen masanin kimiyya: jarabar jima'i shine labari"(Janairu, 2016)
18. Amsar YBOP da ake kira a cikin wata sanarwa David Ley (Janairu, 2016)
19. Masu jima'i sun ki amincewa da lalata ta hanyar ED ta hanyar iƙirarin al'aura shine matsalar (2016)
20. David Ley ya kai hare-haren Nofap (Mayu, 2015)
21. RealYourBrainOnPorn tweets: Daniel Burgess, Nicole Prause & abokan haɗin kai suna ƙirƙirar rukunin yanar gizo na son kai da asusun kafofin watsa labarun don tallafawa ajandar masana'antar batsa (farawa a watan Afrilu, 2019).
22. Prauseoƙarin yin ƙoƙari don dakatar da Wilson; an hana umarnin hana ta a matsayin maras kyau & tana da bashin kudade na lauya a cikin hukuncin SLAPP.
23. Shin Kira Shi Batsa Na Haɗari? Bidiyo da ke lalata Madita Oeming's "Me yasa muke Bukatar Dakatar da Kiranta da Batsa".

Lissafin nazarin da ya dace (tare da bayani):

• Matsalar jima'i da jima'i? Jerin wannan ya ƙunshi nazarin nazarin 40 da ke haɗa jita-jita ta batsa / jaraba na batsa ga matsalolin jima'i da ƙananan ƙananan hawaye zuwa jima'i na jima'i.. The Binciken na farko na 7 a jerin sun nuna lalacewa, yayin da mahalarta suka kawar da yin amfani da batsa da kuma warkar da dysfunctions na yau da kullum.
• Abubuwan kyama a kan dangantaka? Fiye da nazarin 80 ya danganta amfani da batsa don ƙarancin jima'i da dangantaka gamsuwa.
• Amfani da hotuna da ke shafi lafiyar jiki da tunani? Fiye da nazarin 85 ya danganta amfani da batsa don talaucin tunani-rashin lafiyar jiki da talauci sakamakon rashin fahimta.
• Amfani da batsa ya shafi imani, halaye da halaye? Fiye da nazarin 40 ya danganta amfani da batsa don “halayen marasa daidaituwa" ga mata da ra'ayoyin masu lalata.
• Aikin nazarin 60 yana binciken rahotanni daidai da cigaba da yin amfani da batsa (haƙuri), al'ada zuwa batsa, har ma da kawar da bayyanar cututtuka (duk alamu da bayyanar cututtukan hade da buri).
• Yarda da batun magana mai ma'ana cewa "babban burin jima'i" ya bayyana kawar da jima'i ko jima'i: Fiye da karatu 25 ya gurbata da'awar cewa jima'i da 'yan batsa "kawai suna da sha'awar jima'i sosai".

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