Rashin ƙaddamarwa: A Amsaccen Ƙaƙƙwarar Magana

Rashin ƙarewa

Rashin ƙarewa

Tunanin rashin hankali shine ɗayan canje-canjen kwakwalwa da yawa na lalacewa ta hanyar jaraba. Fewan sauran manyan canje-canje na kwakwalwa sun haɗa da;

  1. Sensitization: Formation of circa circuits na Pavlovian dangane da buri
  2. Hypofrontality: Kaddamar da hanyoyin sarrafa motoci.
  3. Dirfunctional danniya circuits - Danniya zai iya haifar da koma baya
Dopamine

Dandalin neurotransmitter dopamine shine gas wanda yake iko da sakamakon mu, kuma yana da motsawa, lada, sha'awar, da kuma kwarewa, libido da gyare-gyare. Matsayin lamarin dopamine ya danganta ga jin dadin jin dadi a binciken mutum. Dopamine ita ce babban maƙalli a cikin sakamako da jaraba, kuma maɓallin mahimmanci don fahimtar sasantawa.

A Ƙidaya yarda da amsa, ko lalatawa, amma ɗayan kwakwalwa ne da yawa ke canzawa ta hanyar tsarin jaraba. (Akwai wani canjin kwakwalwa da ya shafi jaraba da aka sani da “wayar da kai.” Ga wani bayani wanda ya banbanta sha'awar hankali da azanci). Ainihin ilmin kimiya na kayan aikin bada kyautuka ana tunanin zai zama faduwa ne a siginar dopamine da siginar opioid.

Sanadin hana ciki

Ana iya haifar da matsalar rashin izini ta hanayar abubuwa da yawa, daga ciki har da:

  1. Ragewa a cikin masu karɓa na dopamine. Yawancin karatu ya nuna a Kashi a cikin masu karɓa na dopamine D2, wanda ke nufin rashin fahimtarwa zuwa lamarin da yake samuwa, yana barin likitancin da ba shi da kyau ga al'amuran sakamako.
  2. Rage cikin matakan tsarin dopamine (tonic). Dopamineananan matakan dopamine suna barin mai shan magani "mai jin yunwa" don ayyukan haɓaka dopamine / abubuwa na kowane nau'i.
  3. Lambar dopamine ta ƙaddamarwa a cikin amsa (lamarin phasic dopamine) zuwa sakamako na al'ada. Dopamine kullum yakan tashi don mayar da martani ga ayyukan da ya dace. Da zarar jarabcin ku shine tushen tushen kwayar dopamine, ƙaddarar tayi kira ga yin amfani da batsa.
  4. Rage a cikin masu karɓar CRF-1, wanda ke aiki don tayar da matakan dopamine a cikin striatum (kawai binciken da cocaine).
  5. Rashin ladaran ladaran kayan aiki mai laushi, wanda ke nufin hasara a dendrites. Wannan yana fassara zuwa ƙananan haɗin haɗi ko synapses. A Binciken 2014 a kan masu amfani da batsa Ya danganta ƙananan launin toka tare da karin amfani da batsa.
  6. Kashe cikin opioids ko masu karɓa na opioid. Sakamako a cikin rashin jin daɗi da rashin jin daɗi daga abubuwan da suka dace.

Dukansu # 2 da # 3 na iya ƙunsar haɓaka dynorphin wanda ke hana dopamine, kuma raunana wasu hanyoyi (glutamate) isar da sakonni zuwa ga ladan lada, Watau lalata kayan aiki yana da matukar rikitarwa, kuma an bar mummunan abu don koyo.

Abin da ke haifar da lalatawa?

Mafi yawan abu mai kyau.

Dopamine shine inda duk ya fara. Idan kwazon yayi tsayi da tsayi yana haifar da kwayoyin jijiyoyin da zasu rasa hankalinsu. Idan wani ya ci gaba da kururuwa, sai ka toshe kunnuwanka. Lokacin da kwayoyin jijiyoyin da ke aikawa da kwayar cutar suna ci gaba da fitar da kwayoyin, kwayoyin jijiyoyin da ke karbar suna rufe “kunnuwansu” ta hanyar rage masu karba na dopamine (D2). (Duba: Volkow Mai Yau Bayyana Tambaya ga Abin Yara.)

Tsarin rage zafin aiki
  • Tsarin rushewa zai iya farawa da sauri, har ma da sakamakon lada kamar abinci na takalma. Yaya da sauri ya faru ya danganta da yawan amfani da yanayin kwakwalwa.
  • Nawa ne yi yawa ƙaddara ce ta ƙwaƙwalwa - ba ta ɗabi'a ta waje ba, kamar yawan shan ƙwayoyi, amfani da adadin kuzari, ko lokacin da ake kallon batsa. Babu mutane biyu da suka yi kama.
  • Matakan lamarin dopamine masu banƙyama ba dole ba ne su haifar dasasawa. Shan shan taba yana da yawancin masu amfani fiye da cocaine, kodayake cocaine yana samar da mummunan ƙwayar neurochemical. Yawancin ƙananan kwayoyin dopamin zasu iya horar da kwakwalwa fiye da misa, ƙananan haɗari.
  • Kuma ba lamarin dopamine ba dole ne a ci gaba da haɓaka don haifar dasasawa. Kwatanta overeating da zama obese don cigaba da shan taba. Dukansu sun haifar da tsari na masu karɓar ramuwar kwayar cutar dopamine, amma mafi yawan lokaci ana ciyar da cin abinci fiye da raguwa.
  • Ridarfafa abubuwan ƙwarewar yanayi na iya zama mabuɗin mahimmancin yadda masu ƙarfafa halitta ke haifar da lalatawa. Cin abinci fiye da kima da masu amfani da batsa suna yin watsi da siginar 'tsayawa', ko kuma mafi dacewa kwakwalwar da suka kamu da ita ba ta ƙara samun “gamsuwa,” don haka suna ci gaba da cinyewa (duba - Maza: Shin Mawuyacin Hanyoyin Cin Hankali Ya Sa Mai Hango?)
Makon yarda da haƙuri

Rashin hankalin yana baya haƙuri, wanda shine buƙatar haɓaka da haɓaka don fuskantar irin wannan "maɗaukakin." Masu amfani da batsa galibi suna haɓaka zuwa sabon nau'ikan hanyar don haɓaka haɓakar dopamine. Sabon abu da keta tsammanin (mamaki) ƙara dopamine.

Wannan ba batun tattaunawa bane game da lalatawa, kamar yadda karatun kwakwalwar yanar gizo na ƙwaƙwalwar yanar gizo guda uku da aka tantance alamar dopamine a cikin addinan Intanet. Kowannensu ya auna bangarori daban-daban na lalatawa kuma sun sami babban bambanci tsakanin masu shan yanar gizo da sarrafawa. A cikin binciken # 2, takamaiman ya ce - “kallon hotunan batsa ko finafinan matasan".

  1. Rage Dynamic Dordamine D2 Masu Saukewa a Mutum tare da Intanit Intanit (2011)
  2. Rage Harkokin Kasuwancin Matsalar Magunguna a Yanayin Jama'a da Yanayin Intanit na Intanet (2012)
  3. Hotuna PET yana nuna sauye-sauye na aiki na kwakwalwa a cikin layin yanar gizo (2014)
Makon lalata da batsa

A cikin wannan binciken akan masu amfani da batsa - Ƙungiyar Brain da Haɗin Haɗin Haɗakarwa Tare da Kuskuren Ciniki: Brain on Porn (2014) - masana a Cibiyar Max Planck ta Jamus sun gano cewa awanni mafi girma a kowane mako & karin shekarun kallon batsa an haɗa su tare da raguwa a cikin lamuran launin toka a cikin sassan ladan da ke tattare da motsawa da yanke shawara. Rage ƙwayar launin toka a cikin wannan yanki mai alaƙa da sakamako yana nufin ƙananan haɗin jijiya. Connectionsarancin haɗin jijiyoyi anan ana fassara su cikin aikin lada mai rauni, ko amsar farin ciki da yawa. Masu binciken sun fassara wannan a matsayin alama ce ta tasirin tasirin batsa mai tsayi.

  • Mai jagoranci Simone Kühn ya ce - "Wannan na iya nufin cewa yin amfani da batsa ta yau da kullum ko fiye ko žasa ya fitar da tsarin aikin ku. "

Summary: Lokacin da masu karɓa na dopamine ko opioid suka ƙi bayan motsawa da yawa, kwakwalwa ba ta amsawa da yawa, kuma muna jin ƙarancin lada daga jin daɗi. Wannan yana sa mu bincika mafi wuya don jin daɗin gamsuwa - alal misali, ta hanyar neman ƙarancin tashin hankali na jima'i, tsawon zaman batsa, ko karin kallon batsa - don haka ƙara ƙwanƙwasa kwakwalwa.

Rashin haɓakawa a kan al'ada:

Habituation raguwa ne na ɗan lokaci ko dakatar da sakin dopamine don mayar da martani ga takamaiman motsi. Wannan tsari ne na yau da kullun kuma yana iya canza lokaci zuwa lokaci. Rashin ƙarewa yana nufin canje-canje na dogon lokaci wanda ya haɗa da raguwar siginar dopamine da masu karɓar D2. Wannan tsari ne na jaraba kuma yana iya ɗaukar watanni zuwa shekaru don haɓaka, kuma lokaci mai tsawo don juyawa.

Matakan kwayar halitta sunyi tsayi a cikin yini saboda amsa ga duk abin da muka sami lada, labari, mai daɗi, mai ban sha'awa, har da ban tsoro ko damuwa. Babban sakon dopamine shine - “wannan yana da muhimmanci, kula, kuma ku tuna da shi."

Bari muyi amfani da cin misali. Lokacin da mutum yake jin yunwa, dopamine ya tashi cikin tsammanin shan wannan cizon farko na burger. Yayinda abincin rana yaci gaba, dopamine yayi rauni kuma muna zama mai al'ada. Babu wani karin spikes a cikin alamun dopamine yana nufin, "Na isa sosai." Kila ba za ku so burger ba, amma idan an ba ku launin ruwan cakulan, ƙwayoyin ku na dopamine, wanda ke arfafa ku kuyi watsi da hanyoyin koshi na yau da kullun kuma ku sami wasu.

Wani misalin zai iya baka damar juyawa cikin hotunan tafiyar abokin ka zuwa Grand Canyon. Kuna iya karɓar ɗan ƙaramin kwayar dopamine tare da kowane hoto, amma kuna saurin zama tare da motsawa zuwa hoto na gaba. Abu ɗaya na iya faruwa yayin latsa hotunan hotuna Wasanni Zane samfurin tufafi Kuna jinkirta kan wasu hotuna (sannu a hankali al'ada), amma ba haka bane da sauran hotuna (saurin kasancewa).

Idan an rage mini hankali ban bukatan in guji ayyukan haɓaka dopamine?

Wannan tambaya ce mai ma'ana tunda duk lada suna raba wasu sifofin kwakwalwa masu ruɓuwa. Misali, idan kwakwalwarka tayi rauni saboda shaye-shaye ko jarabar hodar iblis, damunka na rashin karfin zafin nama yakan karu kuma libido gaba daya yana raguwa. Wannan yana gaya mana haɗuwa a cikin kwakwalwar kwakwalwa. Koyaya, gogewa ta sanar da mu cewa shan giya, cin cakulan da yin jima'i sun banbanta, wanda ke nufin kowane motsawar yana ƙunshe da hanyoyi na musamman ban da haɗuwa.

Binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya gano cewa jima'i yana kunna tsarin kansa na ladaran ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi. Abin mamaki cocaine & methamphetamine kunna aikin daidai wannan kwayar cutar a cikin lada kamar ladan jima'i. Ya bambanta, akwai kawai ƙananan kashi na farfadowa da ƙwayoyin jijiyar jiki yana farfadowa tsakanin meth da abinci ko ruwan (wasu ladabi).

Ƙarin bincike ya gano haka Mace a cikin namiji ratsi na iya ƙyama da sakamako kewaye nada Kwayoyin wanda ke samar da dopamine. Wannan taron na yau da kullun yana kwaikwayon tasirin jarabar heroin akan waɗannan ƙwayoyin jijiyoyin na dopamine. Wannan ba yana nufin jima'i mara kyau bane. Hakan kawai yana sanar da mu cewa magungunan ƙwayoyi suna satar ainihin ainihin hanyoyin da ke ƙarfafa mu mu koma cikin ɗakin kwana don romp.

Magunguna suna lalata da'irorin jima'i

A taƙaice, magungunan ƙwayoyi kamar meth & heroin suna da tilasta saboda sun sata abubuwan daidai ƙwayoyin jiki da kuma hanyoyin, wanda ya samo asali ne don tilasta jima'i. Yawancin sauran abubuwan jin daɗi ba su. Don haka, sanannen “batun magana” cewa “Duk abin da ya inganta dopamine. Golf ko dariya ba tabbas bane, kuma ta yaya zasu bambanta da batsa ta yanar gizo dangane da ƙaruwar dopamine? ” kasa baya.

Ba za ku iya guje wa ayyukan haɓaka dopamine ba, haka ma ya kamata ku. Ayyukan yau da kullun, kuma watakila ma da giya da tukunya, bai kamata ya haifar da matsala ba. Tabbas, zai zama da kyau idan zaka iya dakatar da duk kwayoyi, shan sigari, maganin kafeyin kuma ka iya cin lafiyayyar gaske, amma mazaje sun warke yayin da suke ci gaba da lalata yanzu da kuma lokacin.

Yana da kyau a shiga lada ta dabi'a, kamar sumbatar juna, cudanya, kiɗa, raye-raye, motsa jiki, wasanni, abinci mai kyau, zamantakewa, da sauransu.Bayan ɗaga dopamine, yawancin waɗannan ayyukan suna haɓaka matakan oxytocin. Oxytocin na musamman ne saboda duka suna kunna zagayen sakamako da kuma ragewa cravings. Ƙasar ƙasa mai sauƙi: Ka guje wa abin da ya same ka cikin wannan rikici. Ina bayar da shawarar yin karatun wannan FAQ: Wadanne matsalolin dole ne zan guji lokacin sake sakewa?

Menene zan iya yi domin saurin farfadowa?

Tambaya gama gari ita ce: "Wane kari ko abinci zai hanzarta dawo da masu karɓa na dopamine?" Jarabawar ku ba ta haifar da ƙarancin abinci ba, don haka ba za a iya gyara ta da ƙarin ba. Masu karɓa na Dopamine sunadarai ne da aka yi su daga amino acid ɗin da ake samu a cikin kowace ƙwayoyinku. Rashin ƙarfin lalacewa yana haifar da motsawa da yawa, ba amino acid kaɗan ba. Idan suna so, ƙwayoyin jijiyoyinku zasu iya sake gina masu karɓar kwayar dopamine a cikin 'yan mintuna.

Mafi mahimmanci, lalatawa ya haɗa da haɗi da yawa a cikin ladan lada wanda ke canzawa, wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin siginar dopamine (masu karɓar dopamine & matakan dopamine). Kuna iya samun wadataccen gas (dopamine) a cikin tankin ku, amma famfon man ku ya karye kuma rabin burbushin motarku sun ɓace. Ara ƙarin gas ba zai yi komai ba don magance matsalar ku.

Labaran da suka shafi abin da za ku ci don haɓaka matakan dopamine yawanci maganar banza ce. Na farko, L-tyrosine (wanda ake yawan bada shawara akai-akai) shine mai gabatar da kwayar cutar ta dopamine (da wasu importantan sauran muhimman kwayoyin hormones). Ana samun sauƙin cikin tsarin abinci na yau da kullun. Na biyu, “abinci mai dauke da kwayar dopamine” ba shi da wata daraja kamar yadda dopamine ba ya tsallake shingen kwakwalwar jini. Wannan yana nufin cewa abin da kuka sanya a cikin cikin ku ba zai taimaka wajen daidaita matakan dopamine a cikin kwakwalwar ku ba. Na uku, kuma mafi mahimmanci, lalacewa ta asali shine lalacewar masu karɓa na dopamine (D2) da canje-canje a cikin synapses. (Ga shawarwarin wadanda suke murmurewa duba kari.)

Mayar da halitta

Abin da kuke iya yi ne motsa jiki da kuma yi tunani. Ayyukan motsa jiki na abu ne wanda ke ƙaruwa biyu dopamine da kuma masu karɓa na dopamine. Aiki kuma rage hauka da kuma Zuciyar bakin ciki. Ɗaya daga cikin nazarin ya nuna cewa tunani yana kara lamarin a whopping 65%. Wani binciken gano mafi yawan frontal cortex launin toka abu a cikin dogon lokacin meditators. Rashin jima yana haifar da raguwa a ƙananan bala'in kwayoyin cutar, wadda ke hade da rashin ƙarfi da kuma rage dopamine da ke sa shi zuwa lobes. Ana kiran abu marar lahani hypofrontality, kuma ya daidaita tare da kulawar rashin ƙarfi.

[27 days ba tare da wani PMO] "Ga canje-canjen da aka kawo a rayuwata daga tsarin" sake kunnawa ": Sakamakon ya kasance 100% na gaske kuma mai fa'ida, kuma sun mamaye dukkan bangarorin rayuwata. Ba tare da tunanin PMO ba, na fi jin daɗi a cikin fata na, kuma ga alama yana da matukar taimako wajen hulɗa da kishiyar jinsi. Na kuma yi farin ciki saboda mutane da yawa sun lura da irin wannan tasirin: ƙara sha'awar jima'i ga mata a cikin yanayi mafi sauƙi, da ƙara sha'awar karantawa da bayar da martani ga alamun su. Har ila yau, haɓaka sha'awar yin hulɗa, da sabon tabbaci. Wannan ba tasirin wuribo bane, kuma ga kowane mai shakka; hanyar da za a shawo kanta ita ce ta gwada shi. Za ku gani. ”